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1) The experiment investigated the action of saliva and hydrochloric acid on two carbohydrate solutions (A and B).
2) Solution A contained a reducing sugar and tested positive for Benedict's test, while Solution B contained starch and tested positive for iodine test.
3) Saliva and hydrochloric acid were able to hydrolyze the complex carbohydrates in Solution B into simpler sugars, causing it to test positive in Benedict's test. This showed that Solution B contained a non-reducing sugar that was more complex than the reducing sugar in Solution A.
1) The experiment investigated the action of saliva and hydrochloric acid on two carbohydrate solutions (A and B).
2) Solution A contained a reducing sugar and tested positive for Benedict's test, while Solution B contained starch and tested positive for iodine test.
3) Saliva and hydrochloric acid were able to hydrolyze the complex carbohydrates in Solution B into simpler sugars, causing it to test positive in Benedict's test. This showed that Solution B contained a non-reducing sugar that was more complex than the reducing sugar in Solution A.
1) The experiment investigated the action of saliva and hydrochloric acid on two carbohydrate solutions (A and B).
2) Solution A contained a reducing sugar and tested positive for Benedict's test, while Solution B contained starch and tested positive for iodine test.
3) Saliva and hydrochloric acid were able to hydrolyze the complex carbohydrates in Solution B into simpler sugars, causing it to test positive in Benedict's test. This showed that Solution B contained a non-reducing sugar that was more complex than the reducing sugar in Solution A.
Investigation of Action of Saliva and 3M Hydrochloric Acid in Two Carbohydrate Solutions
Objective : To Investigate the Action of Saliva and 3M Hydrochloric Acid in Two Carbohydrate Solution Results: Table 1: Observations Conclusions Solution A Benedicts Test: The blue colouration of the mixture turns green, yellow, orange and then forms abundant amount of bric!red "reci"itate# The solution was o"a$ue# Iodine Test : The solution was turn into greenish yellow and translucent from colourless solution# The "resence of red "reci"itate in Solution A indicates the "resence of a reducing sugar# Solution B Benedicts Test : The blue colouration of co""er %II& ion trans"arent solution remains the same# Iodine Test : A 'lue!blac solution translucent colouration was formed# It Indicates the "resence of starch which means the Solution ' is a non! reducing sugar# Table 2: Tube Contents Tem" %(C& Benedicts Test Colour Observations -- After 5 th in !fro tubes 1"# into 1"# $ After %5 th in !fro tubes 1" # into 1"#$ ) )*ml solution ' )ml saliva 3+ ,rom blue to green to yellowish brown translucent solution with the little blue sus"ension at the bottom -ellowish orange layer formed on to" and blue colour at the bottom# . )*ml solution ' )M/ 3m HC/ 3+ ,rom light blue to blue translucent solution with little bit of dar blue "reci"itate ,rom light blue to dar o"a$ue blue solution with the moderate amount of blue sus"ension in it# 3 )*ml solution ' )ml 3M HC/ 01 ,rom light blue to o"a$ue blue solution ,rom blue colour solution to o"a$ue dar blue colour solution 2 )*ml solution ' )ml saliva 01 ,rom light blue to blue trans"arent solution with blue sus"ension in it The light trans"arent blue colour solution remains &iscussion: The ex"eriment was carried out on the human saliva to investigate the action of saliva and 3 M Hydrochloric Acid in two carbohydrate solutions# The salivary amylase is also nown as "tyalin is involved in this ex"eriment which is "roduced by salivary gland in mouth# The com"lex starch broe down into sim"le sugars by the hel" of the salivary amylase, so that the sugar can be easily converted into energy # The en3yme does not breadown carbohydrates to its sim"lest form# The en3yme also acted as the biological catalyst which hel"s to reduce the activation energy needed for the 'enedict4s test# 5hen the tem"erature increases to 01C, the en3yme denature the increasing of tem"erature cause the molecules to vibrate more violently# The wea bonds of the en3yme such as hydrogen bond will brea first# The en3yme bond of en3ymes such as ionic bonds and disul"hide bridges brea later# Structure and surface of active site are destroyed and altered# The catalytic function of en3yme losses and it said to be denatured# 5hen the structure of the en3yme is fully destroyed, they will be no catalysis tae "lace on it#
Hydrochloric acid, HCl hydrolyse starch into glucose at tem"erature 01C# Therefore, glucose was "resent in tube .# Tube . has incubated at o"timum tem"erature of HCl, thus HCl hydrolyse starch %Solution '& into glucose which show the "ositive result also tested with 'enedict4s solution# The blue solution turns to yellowish brown and lastly the solution forms bric red "reci"itation# This is because with the tem"erature reach 01C, hydrolysis still occurs before it undergoes denaturation# To "revent this, en3yme can be heated until it reached 01C# Then use it to react with the solution ' instead of heating them together by water bath# 5hen transferring sodium hydroxide from beaer by "i"etting, the "i"ette must be ensured no bubbles inside# This is because the air bubbles occu"y s"ace and lead to the inaccurate of result# Iodine test and 'enedict4s test are done on both solution A and solution '# Solution A show the "ositive result in 'enedict4s test but negative result in Iodine test# Therefore, solution A contains reducing sugar but absence of starch# Solution ' has show the "ositive result in iodine test but negative result in 'enedict4s test# Thus, solution ' contains starch but absence of reducing sugar# Solution ' in table ) has been converted to reducing sugar by the saliva added but still "resence of reducing sugar in solution ' in tube 2# This is because more starch in solution ' in tube ) has been hydrolysed to glucose and less starch in solution ' in tube 2 has been hydrolysed to glucose# Solution ' in tube ) "resent more glucose then solution ' in tube 2# Therefore, the result in tube ) after 31 minutes has more red "reci"itate formed but in tube 2 after 31 minutes has little red "reci"itate formed with green colour solution after both of the tube tested with 'enedict4s test# In the other hand, solution ' in tube . shows negative result of 'enedict4s test but "ositive result in tube 3# This is because solution ' in tube 3 has been hydrolysed into glucose by HCl with high tem"erature# The tem"erature of solution ' in tube . is not enough for HCl to hydrolyse solution ' into glucose# 6lucose has combined more than ) monomer to form a new "olymer# This structure also shows two trademars of a sugar7 a number of hydroxyl grou" and a carboxyl grou"# 6lucose is the isomer of the fructose# The carbon seleton of glucose is 8 carbon stems long# However, starch is a storage "olysaccharide in "lants, which consists entirely of glucose monomers# Starch molecules coil into a helical sha"e and maybe will be unbranched and branched# Starch granules are same as carbohydrate 9ban: from which "lant cell can withdraw glucose for energy# 6lucose is also classified as monosaccharide but starch is classified as "olysaccharide# Carbohydrate ' is more com"lex than carbohydrate A# This is because carbohydrate A show "ositive result which 'enedict4s test directly without hydrolysed by hydrochloric acid and saliva# However carbohydrate ' showed negative result with 'enedict4s test# Carbohydrate ' only shown "ositive result after it has been hydrolysed by hydrochloric acid and saliva# Therefore, carbohydrate ' is more com"lex than carbohydrate A and carbohydrate A is the monomer of carbohydrate '# 'enedict4s solution contains co""er sul"hate# ;educing sugar such as glucose reduced soluble blue co""er sul"hate# The solution of co""er %III& ions will reduce to insoluble bric red co""er oxide containing co""er ions# This is seen as bric red "reci"itate# Therefore, "ositive test of 'enedict4s solution by glucose will show bric red "reci"itate# The chemical base of iodine test is a "oly"e"tide com"lex which is blue!blac in colour is formed with starch# So, iodine is use to test the "resent of starch# Conclusion: The solution A is a reducing sugar while solution ' is a non!reducing sugar and the salivary amylase act as en3yme in which has the o"timal tem"erature <3+(C and hydrochloric acid is used as digestive en3yme#