PengantarBasis Data

KonsepdanArsitektur Basis Data

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Data Models
A set of concepts to describethe structure of
database, operationsfor manipulating these
structures, and certain constraintsthat
database should obey.
Describethe structure of database
Operationsfor manipulating these structure
Constraintthat database should obey
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Data Models:
Describing Structure
Describethe structure of database (DDL)
Struktur database terdiri dari
Nama Tabel, View atau Trigger
Nama Field (Kolom)
Tipe data yang boleh masuk tiap field
Banyaknya digit yang boleh masuk tiap field
Hubungan tiap tabel
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Data Models:
Describing Structure
Describethe structure of database
Perintahdi atasbertujuanuntuk______
Customer adalah_______
CID, Last_Name, First_Nameadalah_______
Integer, varchar adalah_______
Unique adalah_______
30 adalah_______
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Data Models:
Describing Structure
Describethe structure of database
Perintahdi atasbertujuanuntuk______
v_11adalah______
NIP, alamatDosenadalah_______
Select from where adalah_______
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Data Models:
Describing Structure
Describethe structure of database
Perintah di atas bertujuan untuk ______
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Mahasiswa
fk_mhs_dosen
NIP
IDdosenWali
Dosen
Data Models:
Manipulating Structure
Operationsfor manipulating these structure
(DML)
Perintahdi atasbertujuanuntuk______
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Query
Data Models:
Manipulating Structure
Operationsfor manipulating these structure
(DML)
Perintah di atas bertujuan untuk ______
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Data Models:
Database Constraint
Constraintthat database should obey
Perintah di atas bertujuan untuk ______
Check (CID >0) adalah ______
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Data Models:
Database Constraint
Constraintthat database should obey
Perintah di atas bertujuan untuk ______
NOT NULL adalah ______
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Schema VsState
Database Schema changes infrequently.
Schema is called intension.
Database State changes every time the
database is updated. State is called extension.
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Database Schema
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Database State
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DBMS Languages
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Create: Membangun tabel/constraint dari awal
Alter: Mengubah struktur tabel/constraint
Drop: Menghapus struktur tabel/constraint
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Select: Menampilkan data spesifik
Update: Mengubah data pada kondisi tertentu
Delete: Menghapus data pada kondisi tertentu
Insert: Memasukkan data pada tabel
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DBMS Languages: DML
Used to specify database retrievalsand
updates.
DML can be embeddedin general-purpose
programming language (C, C++, Java)
Stand-aloneDML commands can be applied
directly (SQL)
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Types of DML
High-level or non-procedural language:
What data to retrieve.
Declarative languages.
Validation needed.
Low-level or procedural language:
Retrieve data one record at a time
Performing high-level language.
Verification needed.
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DBMS Programming
Language Interfaces
Three approaches programmer interfaces
for embedding DML in a programming
languages:
Embedded: SQL (C, C++) and SQLJ (Java)
Procedure Call: JDBC for Java, ODBC for
others
Database Programming: Oracle has PL/SQL.
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Two-tier Architecture
A client may connect to several DBMSs,
sometimes called the data sources.
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Three-tier Architecture
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Three-tier Architecture
Common for Web Applications
This architecture enhance security
Database server only accessible via middle tier
Clients cannot directly access database server
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Any Question?
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