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LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND ACCEPTANCE ON HUMAN PAPILLOMA
VACCINE AMONG FEMALE CALL CENTER AGENTS:
AN ASSESSMENT







A Thesis Proposal
Presented to Thesis Committee and Faculty of
System Technology Institute
College of Nursing
Global City







In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing









Presented by


( Researchers Name )

FEBUARY 2011



APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled Thesis Title was prepared and submitted by Researchers Name
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing.


Mark Fredderick R. Abejo RN, MAN
Adviser


PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ________%
__________________________

_____________________ ______________________


Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Nursing.


Mr. Peter V. Agruda RN, MAN
OIC, College of Nursing



TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction.....
Conceptual Framework......
Statement of the Problem......
Significance of the Study...............
Scope and Limitations........
Definitions of Terms....
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Foreign Literature......
Related Local Literature........
Related Foreign Studies.....
Related Local Studies.....
III. METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Research Design ....
Participant Selection ....
Research Instrument ....
Data Gathering Technique....
Data Collection Procedure...
Statistical Treatment.....

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
The student / researcher explain the background of the study and cites
situations or statements of authorities to explain why the study is being
conducted. The student/researcher points out that the study is on/about a special
problem different from other problems. The interplay of identified variables that
may cause a process to take place is discussed.
Example:
One of the biggest health problems in the world today is diabetes.
Diabetes is a chronic (long-term) condition marked by abnormally high levels of
sugar (glucose) in the blood. People with diabetes either do not produce enough
insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into
energy needed for daily life or cannot use the insulin that their bodies produce.
As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream. If left untreated, diabetes can
lead to blindness, kidney disease, nerve disease, heart disease, and stroke. It is
a common chronic disease that affects approximately 245 million people
worldwide and the numbers simply keep on growing with each passing day. For
many people, diabetes is a reality that they have live with every single day.
However, it is possible to lead a healthy and wholesome life even with diabetes.

Diabetes kills one person every 10 seconds and infects two persons in the
same short time. This is the scary reality behind this silent killer, which is taking
as many lives as Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome. According to the Philippine Diabetes Association, 3.8 million people
die every year because of diabetes-related causes while 245 million are inflicted
with the disease worldwide.
By 2025, the figure is expected to double, affecting mostly Asia, the Pacific
region, Latin America and Africa, including the Philippines. The National Capital
Region has the most number which totals to 8 percent of the population while
rural areas have an average of 4 percent as of the last survey. The burden of
diabetes is often carried by the poor, mainly because treatment requires
finances. There are even some people who pull their relatives from the hospitals
and just wait for them to die in their homes because of expensive medication and
treatment.

Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework justifies the rationale for the investigations. It
gives the reason for search for new data and for analyzing, interpreting and
synthesizing these data. The framework also cites the theory / theories on which
the study is premised in order to establish the relationship among the variables in
the study.
Some disciplines require the presentation of a paradigm in order to explain
how the theory is going to rationalize in the study. In this discussion, pertinent
concepts or new ideas are cited for clarification.
Example:
Self Awareness Theory
If you are watching a home video taken by a family member where you are
the centered attraction, you will be in a state of self- awareness (Arroson, Wilson,
& Akert, 2007). Self- awareness theory is the idea that when people focus their
attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their
internal standards and values. Humans differentiate from most other species in
the way they can use self-concept, which is our own knowledge about who we
are, and they do this by taking the self as a focus of attention. The fact that as
human beings we are able to be self- aware enables us in a way to self-evaluate,
the way a person views themselves. People can compare themselves to internal
standards and assess whether they are sufficiently physically attractive,
intelligent, and sociable or anything that is seen as accurate and good. If any
discrepancies occur between your behavior and your inner standard, it will cause
a change of the behavior to create balance with your internal standards and
values.
The research paradigm will serve as a guide in conducting this study,
shown in Figure 1.
The first box contains the demographic profiles of the respondents which
are also shown in the statement of the problem.
The second box contains the process needed to achieve the goals of the
study. These are the analysis of documents, tabulation of data gathered from the
questionnaires through statistical methods, interpretation and analysis of data
gathered from questionnaires.
The third box contains the formulation of instruction guide.


Input Process Output














Research Paradigm
FIGURE 1


ASSESSMENT
Data are obtained
by providing a set
of questionnaires
to each
respondent.



ANALYSIS
Statistical
treatment is
provided to show
the exact accurate
data

1. RESPONDENTS
PROFILE

1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Body Mass
Index
1.4 Educational
Attainment
1.5 Occupation
1.6 Years of
having type2
DM

2. LEVEL OF
AWARENESS
2.1 Physiological
symptoms
2.3 Psychological
symptoms








Instructional
Guide


Statement of the Problem
The research problem that the student/researcher is investigating must
relate to his interest, background and expectance. It is expected to yield findings
that will provide his useful information in the area of this investigation. In the
choice of research topics, originality and relevance to contemporary problems
and issue must be considered.
The problem maybe about the relationship among variables which the
study aims to established and find out the extent of such relationship.
Example:
The study aimed to assess the level of awareness in the clinical
manifestation of diabetes mellitus type 2 in prevention of complication.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub- problems:
1. What is the profile of the correspondents in terms of their:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Body Mass Index
2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents in the clinical
manifestation of Type 2 Diabetes in terms of:
2.1 Physiological Symptoms
2.2 Psychological Symptoms

3. Is there a significant difference on the level of awareness in terms of
physiological and psychological symptoms?
4. What instructional plan can be formulated to increase the level of
awareness of the type 2 diabetes patients?

Hypotheses
The hypotheses states the relationship between variables and this relationship
must be tested. It is tested statistically to solve the research problem. It indicates what
the researcher must gather. The hypothesis is accepted or rejected depending on the
result of the statistical test.
Example:
There is a no significant difference between the level of awareness regarding
clinical manifestation in term of physiological and psychological symptoms.

Significance of the Study
In this part of the research, the student/researcher cites the importance of
expected outcomes of the investigation. Research result will come up with the
solution to a problem or encourage further research on the problem.
The student/researcher also explains that the research is not a duplication
of the previous studies. It may, however, be a replication or follow up of previous
study, result of which needs further study or verification.
Significance of the study also state that the probable effects on the results
of the study on a theory or practice. The student also gives the importance of the
study to his profession, to a particular discipline and to the community as well.
Example
The findings of the study may be of help to the following:
Nursing Practice. Analysis, interpretation and implications of the data
gathered will provide an actual and practical understanding of nursing practice by
focusing on the resulting strategies for better nursing care management for
diabetic clients.
Respondents. The results of the research will enlighten them on how to
manage their own health conditions. It will further help them understand their
health problem and realize that there is hope in battling the disease through
appropriate knowledge and awareness of the different clinical manifestation of
type 2 diabetes. Moreover, they can live a happy, healthy long life and can
prevent the occurrence of complications.
Family Members. The agony of knowing a member of the family is
suffering from an incurable and serious disease could cause for a panic.
However, the results of the present research can be utilized in educating the
family members on how to help the respondents in their quest in controlling their
blood glucose levels.
Researchers. The results can be used by other researchers as reference
for a further study about the effectiveness of diet and exercise management
using a wider range and diversified groups of respondents.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study
To specify scope, the student/researcher spells out the coverage of the study in
terms of subject, concepts, specific aspect of a phenomenon, treatment, sampling and
time frame. The who, what, when, where and how of the study will be clarified.
The student delimits the aspects of the subject being investigated considering
specific constraints such as foreseen weaknesses in methodology and design,
statistical analysis, representative of sampling and time. Delimitation sets the limit of
what the research will include and what will not include.
Example:
The study will try to identify the level of awareness of the respondents about the
clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes. It will include type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
at ____________________________________. They were chosen regardless of their
age, gender, civil status, educational attainment and employment status. . A total
number of 50 respondents will take as sample. The study is limited to the level of
awareness regarding clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes. It does not include the
financial issues and other problems of the respondents.
Definition of Terms
Terms used in the statement of the problem and title must be defined
according to how they are used in the study. These terms must be defined
contextually or operationally. This means that the definition is based on how the
term is used within the context of the study. Terms may also be defined
according to authorities on the subject of investigation. Dictionary definition
should not be used.
The following terms are defined according to its use in the present
research.
Awareness, as used in the study, it means having knowledge or cognizance
about the clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes.










CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies conducted by other
researchers that have relevance to the present research study. The related
literatures and results of previous studies will strengthen the findings of the
present research study. Moreover, the similarities and differences of the findings
will be utilized in the analysis of the results of the present research study.
The related literature consists of readings from various authorities on the
subject of the research which provide the student/researcher important concepts
and principles that will go into the theoretical/conceptual framework and guide
the formulation of the questionnaire or survey tool.
The related studies/research consists of previous researches that relate to
the current study as to purpose, subject investigated, methodology and more
importantly the findings. Similarities and differences between previous research
and current research are pointed out. What the current research will contribute to
the field under investigation is discussed to justify its pursuit despite previous
research on this. The review of related studies/research develops in the
researcher insights into aspects of the study that might be controversial. It helps
the researcher avoid errors committed by previous investigations. Through the
review, useful ideas and related variables may be identified which will give
direction to the present research.
The student/ researcher should used only literature and studies written and
published 5 years backward from the year of his research and study.
Example
Related Literature
Local Literature (5)
According to Susan Trinidad, (2001) RN, A Head Nurse Educator from
Makati Medical Center, health teaching is not new role for nurses. In nursing
history, health teaching is focused about sanitation, housing and care for the sick
in the hospital and community. Today education and training about preventive
health and practices and health promotion are considered essential components
of comprehensive health care.
Our teaching nurse being a member of the health care team usually
spends more time with patients or client than other team members. This contact
provides in her the opportunity to develop rapport and build a trust relationship
with the patient and his/her family. Thus he/she is able to complete the
assessment of an individual patient, learning needs, and provides continuity
throughout the teaching process.
Hard work and dedication are pre-requisites for a nurse to become a
diabetic nurse. Trinidad said; Anything worthwhile is usually challenging and
requires hard work. Leadership should be a positive force and one could lead by
setting achievement goals for every diabetic in your care.


Foreign Literature (5)
According to the World Health Organization (2000) report, medical
nutrition therapy is important in preventing diabetes,

managing existing diabetes,
and preventing, or at least slowing,

the rate of development of diabetes
complications. It is, therefore,

important at all levels of diabetes prevention.

MNT
is also an integral component of diabetes self-management

education (or
training).
Achieving nutrition-related goals requires

a coordinated team effort that
includes the person with diabetes

and involves him or her in the decision-making
process. It is

recommended that a registered dietitian, knowledgeable and skilled

in Medical nutrition therapy, be the team member who plays the leading role in
providing

nutrition care. However, it is important that all team members,

including
physicians and nurses, be knowledgeable about Medical nutrition therapy

and
support its implementation.


Related Studies
Local Studies (5)
Dr. Rosa Allyn Sy (2002) from Cardinal Santos Medical Center, noted the
development of different food pyramids worldwide has proven to be an important
educational tool for health care professionals while counseling patients on
healthy eating habits. Just a year ago, The Philippine Association for the Study of
Overweight and Obesity (PASOO) supported by the president and other officer
and members of the Board of Directors, conceptualized the Filipino Pyramid
Activity Guide. Similar to a food guide, it is intended to help diabetic educators
illustrate more clearly which activities would be beneficial to their patients. The
activity pyramid guide uses simple and easy action words or instructions like
Habitually, Often, Regularly and Minimal to indicate activities that would provide
the most benefit in terms of cardiovascular and metabolic health. Included in the
guide is the number of calories burned per minute per kilogram of body weight of
the person performing the activity. The base of the pyramid includes activities
that are easy, convenient, and accessible to everyone. These activities, part of
our daily routines, when performed habitually or daily for minimum of 30 minutes,
even 10 minutes at a time will provide metabolic efficiency by increasing total
energy expenditure.
So if one is diabetic obese, with poor sugar control and have never
engaged in any form of exercise before, activities like walking, climbing the stairs,
or doing household chores may be a good start. It is important to note that for
beginners, the amount of cumulative activity time is more important than the
specific type and manner of activity. Aerobic exercise like jogging, brisk walking,
swimming, aerobic dancing and recreational activities like ballroom dancing,
badminton, tennis etc., burn more calories per millimeter per body weight and are
advised for those who want to lose more weight. To get the most benefit from the
activity, it has easy action words or instructions which can be done 3-5 times a
week for at least 30-45 minutes. These activities will improve cardiovascular
endurance. The Filipino Pyramid Activity Guide is intended to be a guide that
should help everyone select an activity that best fits his lifestyle and health
needs. Just thirty minutes of the different activities over the course of a day is
healthy and rewarding.

Foreign Studies (5)
Dr. Diana Chau and Steven V. Edelman (2003) in the fall issue of Clinical
Diabetes noted Goals of therapy for the elderly diabetic patients should include
the evaluation of their functional status, life expectancy, social and financial
support, and their own desires for treatment. A full geriatrics assessment
performed before establishing any long term therapy may aid in identifying
potential problems that could significantly impair the success of a given therapy.
Often, elderly patients have cognitive impairment, limitation in their activities of
daily living, undiagnosed depression, and difficult social issues that need to be
addressed. The population of the elderly is increasing and more attention should
be paid to social security systems may fail to ensure the appropriate care to the
millions who will be affected by diabetes in 2025. Moreover by promoting
diabetes prevention, we will ensure that those millions who already have
diabetes will not face the nightmare of a regression in the quality of care they
deserve while, on the country, there is a great need in many parts of the world to
improve it
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This part of the research/study presents the design of the study,
particularly the research methods and techniques to be used, how the subjects
are chosen, how the sample size is determined, the instrument to be used and
their validation and the data analysis scheme which includes the application of
statistical tools for treatment of data yielded by the study.

Research Design
The research design identifies the procedures by which the study
population will be selected, how these subjects will be used to yield the required
data, how the data will be collected and how these data will be analyzed.
Example:
The researcher used the descriptive method research in determining the
level of awareness regarding the clinical manifestation of the respondents with
type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Costales (2001) discussed the descriptive research design and pointed out
that specifically, the survey research was used to gather pertinent data. The
methodologys time focus was the present condition as well as the future. It also
involves description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the status and
condition that were obtained in a particular research situation. It usually involves
comparison and contrast, and may attempt to discover a cause and effect
relationship that exists between non-manipulative variables.
This research uses both quantitative and qualitative methods of study. In
assessing the profile the respondents, quantitative method was used. And also,
the data were collected through the patients health records in the health center.

Respondents of the Study
In this section, the student describes the population, why and how the subject are
chosen and discusses the sampling technique employed. A statistician may be consulted
to determine the appropriateness of the sample size for the study.
Example:
The study will be conducted at Rizal Medical Center Diabetic Center. It is a
tertiary hospital with more than 100 bed capacity. The Diabetic Center consists of
35 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients .The respondents will be type 2 diabetes
mellitus patients of Rizal Medical Center Diabetic Center which is non-probability
purposive.

Instrument Used
In this part of research, the tools for data collection are described such as
test and questionnaires to be constructed, validated and administered. If the
instrument is prepared by researcher, it should be tested for validity and
reliability. If the instrument is standardized, the student/researcher indicates its
reliability coefficient.
Example:
The instruments used in this study were one set of questionnaires for the
respondents.
The questionnaire for the respondents are consists of two parts:
Part I.
Dealt with the respondents personal and professional profile. This part
elicited data on name, age, sex, body mass index, educational attainment,
occupation and the years having type 2 diabetes.
Part II.
Dealt on the level of awareness regarding the clinical manifestation of type
2 diabetes in terms of physiological and psychological symptoms.
Before the questionnaires / checklist were distributed and administered, a
pre-test was conducted with 5 respondents who were not participants in the
study. Their comments were included in the final form of the refined instrument
and submitted for final draft.

Statistical Treatment of Data
This part of the research identifies the kind of data yielded by the study
and presents the testing of hypothesis. The kind of statistical tool used is
determined by the hypothesis presented in the study. It is advisable to consult a
statistician before administering the questionnaire since the manner of
questioning and what question to ask will help determine the treatment of the
hypotheses. The statistical treatment should be appropriate to the data yielded
by the study. This section also presents the statistical formula used and justified
their used.
Example:
Specific Question Number 1
What is the profile of the correspondents in terms age, gender, civil status,
educational attainment, employment status and frequency of monitoring blood
glucose?
To determine the answer to problem number 1 which is concerned with the
profile of the respondents in terms of their age, gender, civil status, educational
attainment, employment status and frequency of monitoring blood glucose, the
frequency and percentage was used.
The formula was:
% = F/N X 100
Where:
F- is the frequency of responses
N- is the total number of respondents
100- is the constant in order to get the percentage
Specific Question Number 2
What is the extent of compliance of the respondents to blood glucose
monitoring through finger sticks analysis in terms of their knowledge and skills?

Specific Question Number 3
How do the respondents perceived the effects of home blood glucose
monitoring in terms of physiological and psychological effects?

To determine the extent to which the home blood glucose monitoring has
complied with the standard procedures and the perceived effect of home blood
glucose monitoring, the weighted means was determined by multiplying the
frequency the weight and by dividing the frequency using the following formula:
WM = wf
_____

n

Where: WM = weighted mean
wf = the sum of the product of the frequency and unit weight
n = total number of cases


A Likert five point scale with the following interpretation was provided to
guide the respondents as follows:
Unit Weight Weighted Mean Verbal
Assigned Values Interval Interpretation

5 4.20 5.00 Fullest Extent (FstE)
4 3.4 4.19 Full Extent (FE)
3 2.6 3.39 Moderate Extent (ME)
2 1.80 2.59 Partial Extent (PE)
1 1.0 1.79 No Influence (NI)