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H. M. Sulman Munir (salus82@hotmail.com) Bright Future Pakistani Intr.

School
O / A Level Chemistry Teacher Doha, Qatar
Notes Chapter 2.2 (Intermediate bonding and polarity) AS Level 1

Intermediate bonding and polarity


No bond is 100% ionic, it has some covalent character in it.
Covalent bonds having ionic character into them are polar covalent bonds.

But in H-Cl molecule Cl has more power for attracting the bond pair.
Measure of the attraction of an atom for a bond pair is called electronegativity.
The Pauling scale: used to measure electronegativity.
Its values are from 0.0 to 4.0. Higher the value for an atom more is its power for
attracting a bond pair.
It decreases down a group
It increases along the period
F has the highest value i.e 4.0 and Cs has the least i.e 0.7
Hydrogen was chosen as the standard because it forms a large number of covalent bonds
and was given arbitrary value 2.1.
Elements with their electronegativity values:

Electron density maps of polar and non-polar diatomic molecules:

H. M. Sulman Munir (salus82@hotmail.com) Bright Future Pakistani Intr. School
O / A Level Chemistry Teacher Doha, Qatar
Notes Chapter 2.2 (Intermediate bonding and polarity) AS Level 2

Homework: Q1,2 and 3 (page#155 of your book). Write answers in your notebooks.
Homework: Q1 and 2 (page#157 of your book). Write answers in your notebooks.
Experiment for checking the polarity of a substance:

Overall polarity of a molecule having more than one polar covalent bond:
The linear, triangular planar and tetrahedral molecules, when symmetrical, are non-polar
overall even if the bonds are polar.

Q-1 Draw the shape of each molecule. Draw the arrows for the dipoles of each bond and
overall polarity of the molecules. CH
3
CH
2
Cl, C
2
Cl
6
, SO
2
, CH
3
Cl, BCl
3
, PCl
3

Q-2 Draw the displayed formulae of cis-trans isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene. Explain why
one isomer is polar but the other is non-polar.
Homework: Q1, 2 and 3 (page#159 of your book). Write answers in your notebooks.

Q-3

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