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$1
Trigonometry Tables
and Handy References
for Engineers
No matter what angle
you figure...
Carr Lane is your best answer

for jig-and-fixture components!
AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR
PRINTED IN U.S.A. Rev. 2/2014 COPYRIGHT 2014 CARR LANE MFG. CO.
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TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Thread Sizes and Tap Drills......................................2

Standard Drill Sizes ..................................................4
Counterbored Holes for Cap Screws ........................6
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing ................7

Surface Finishes ....................................................12
Clamping Force of Standard Clamp Straps............13

Basic Numbering System for Steels ......................14
Machinability Comparison of Various Metals ..........15

Hardness Conversions and Tensile Strength..........16
Metric Prefixes ........................................................23
Conversion Factors for Units of Measure ..............24

Trigonometry Calculations ......................................45
Trigonometry Tables................................................50
USA THREADS
Thread
Size*
#0-80
#2-56
#2-64
#4-40
#4-48
#5-40
#5-44
#6-32
#6-40
#8-32
#8-36
#10-24
#10-32
1/4-20
1/4-28
5/16-18
5/16-24
3/8-16
3/8-24
7/16-14
7/16-20
1/2-13
1/2-20
9/16-12
9/16-18
5/8-11
5/8-18
3/4-10
3/4-16
7/8-9
7/8-14
1-8
1-14
1-1/8-7
1-1/8-12
Basic
Major
Diameter
.0600
.0860
.0860
.1120
.1120
.1250
.1250
.1380
.1380
.1640
.1640
.1900
.1900
.2500
.2500
.3125
.3125
.3750
.3750
.4375
.4375
.5000
.5000
.5625
.5625
.6250
.6250
.7500
.7500
.8750
.8750
1.0000
1.0000
1.1250
1.1250
2
Tap
Drill
Size**
3/64
#50
#50
#43
#42
#38
#37
#36
#33
#29
#29
#25
#21
#7
#3
F
I
5/16
Q
U
25/64
27/64
29/64
31/64
33/64
17/32
37/64
21/32
11/16
49/64
13/16
7/8
15/16
63/64
1-3/64
METRIC THREADS
Thread
Size*
M1.6x0.35
M2x0.4
M2.5x0.45
M3x0.5
M3.5x0.6
M4x0.7
M5x0.8
M6x1
M8x1.25
M8x1
M10x1.5
M10x1.25
M12x1.75
M12x1.25
M14x2
M14x1.5
M16x2
M16x1.5
M18x2.5
M18x1.5
M20x2.5
M20x1.5
M22x2.5
M22x1.5
M24x3
M24x2
M27x3
M27x2
Basic
Major
Diameter
.0630
.0787
.0984
.1181
.1378
.1575
.1969
.2362
.3150
.3150
.3937
.3937
.4724
.4724
.5512
.5512
.6299
.6299
.7087
.7087
.7874
.7874
.8661
.8661
.9449
.9449
1.0630
1.0630
Tap
Drill
Size**
1.25mm or #55
1.60mm or #52
2.05mm or #46
2.50mm or #39
2.90mm or #32
3.30mm or #30
4.20mm or #19
5.00mm or #8
6.80mm or H
7.00mm or J
8.50mm or R
8.80mm or 11/32
10.20mm or 13/32
10.80mm or 27/64
12.00mm or 15/32
12.50mm or 1/2
14.00mm or 35/64
14.50mm or 37/64
15.50mm or 39/64
16.50mm or 21/32
17.50mm or 11/16
18.50mm or 47/64
19.50mm or 49/64
20.50mm or 13/16
21.00mm or 53/64
22.00mm or 7/8
24.00mm or 15/16
25.00mm or 1
* Coarse series shown in bold. Pitch callout not required on

metric coarse series.
** Closest size for 75% theoretical thread.
USA DRILL SIZES

Drill Decimal Drill Decimal Drill Decimal Drill Decimal
80 .0135
79 .0145
1/64 .0156
78 .0160
77 .0180
76 .0200
75 .0210
74 .0225
73 .0240
72 .0250
71 .0260
70 .0280
69 .0292
68 .0310
1/32 .0312
67 .0320
66 .0330
65 .0350
64 .0360
63 .0370
62 .0380
61 .0390
60 .0400
59 .0410
58 .0420
57 .0430
56 .0465
3/64 .0469
55 .0520
54 .0550
53 .0595
1/16 .0625
52 .0635
51 .0670
50 .0700
49 .0730
48 .0760
5/64 .0781
47 .0785
46 .0810
45 .0820
44 .0860
43 .0890
42 .0935
3/32 .0938
41 .0960
40
39
38
37
36
7/64
35
34
33
32
31
1/8
30
29
28
9/64
27
26
25
24
23
5/32
22
21
20
19
18
11/64
17
16
15
14
13
3/16
12
11
10
9
8
7
13/64
6
5
4
3
7/32
.0980
.0995
.1015
.1040
.1065
.1094
.1100
.1110
.1130
.1160
.1200
.1250
.1285
.1360
.1405
.1406
.1440
.1470
.1495
.1520
.1540
.1562
.1570
.1590
.1610
.1660
.1695
.1719
.1730
.1770
.1800
.1820
.1850
.1875
.1890
.1910
.1935
.1960
.1990
.2010
.2031
.2040
.2055
.2090
.2130
.2188
2
1
A
15/64
B
C
D
E
1/4
F
G
17/64
H
I
J
K
9/32
L
M
19/64
N
5/16
O
P
21/64
Q
R
11/32
S
T
23/64
U
3/8
V
W
25/64
X
Y
13/32
Z
27/64
7/16
29/64
15/32
31/64
1/2
.2210
.2280
.2340
.2344
.2380
.2420
.2460
.2500
.2500
.2570
.2610
.2656
.2660
.2720
.2770
.2810
.2812
.2900
.2950
.2969
.3020
.3125
.3160
.3230
.3281
.3320
.3390
.3438
.3480
.3580
.3594
.3680
.3750
.3770
.3860
.3906
.3970
.4040
.4062
.4130
.4219
.4375
.4531
.4688
.4844
.5000
33/64
17/32
35/64
9/16
37/64
19/32
39/64
5/8
41/64
21/32
43/64
11/16
45/64
23/32
47/64
3/4
49/64
25/32
51/64
13/16
53/64
27/32
55/64
7/8
57/64
29/32
59/64
15/16
61/64
31/32
63/64
1
.5156
.5312
.5469
.5625
.5781
.5938
.6094
.6250
.6406
.6562
.6719
.6875
.7031
.7188
.7344
.7500
.7656
.7812
.7969
.8125
.8281
.8438
.8594
.8750
.8906
.9062
.9219
.9375
.9531
.9688
.9844
1.0000
+64th
increments up to
1-7/8"
+32nd
increments up to
2-1/4"
+16th
increments up to
4-1/4"
METRIC DRILL SIZES

Drill Decimal Drill Decimal Drill Decimal Drill
.35mm
.38mm
.40mm
.42mm
.45mm
.48mm
.50mm
.55mm
.60mm
.65mm
.70mm
.75mm
.80mm
.85mm
.90mm
.95mm
1.00mm
1.05mm
1.10mm
1.15mm
1.20mm
1.25mm
1.30mm
1.35mm
1.40mm
1.45mm
1.50mm
1.55mm
1.60mm
1.65mm
1.70mm
1.75mm
1.80mm
1.85mm
1.90mm
1.95mm
2.00mm
2.05mm
2.10mm
2.15mm
2.20mm
2.25mm
2.30mm
2.35mm
2.40mm
2.45mm
.0138
.0150
.0157
.0165
.0177
.0189
.0197
.0217
.0236
.0256
.0276
.0295
.0315
.0335
.0354
.0374
.0394
.0413
.0433
.0453
.0472
.0492
.0512
.0531
.0551
.0571
.0591
.0610
.0630
.0650
.0669
.0689
.0709
.0728
.0748
.0768
.0787
.0807
.0827
.0846
.0866
.0886
.0906
.0925
.0945
.0965
2.50mm .0984
2.55mm .1004
2.60mm .1024
2.65mm .1043
2.70mm .1063
2.75mm .1083
2.80mm .1102
2.90mm .1142
3.00mm .1181
3.10mm .1220
3.20mm .1260
3.25mm .1280
3.30mm .1299
3.40mm .1339
3.50mm .1378
3.60mm .1417
3.70mm .1457
3.75mm .1476
3.80mm .1496
3.90mm .1535
4.00mm .1575
4.10mm .1614
4.20mm .1654
4.25mm .1673
4.30mm .1693
4.40mm .1732
4.50mm .1772
4.60mm .1811
4.70mm .1850
4.75mm .1870
4.80mm .1890
4.90mm .1929
5.00mm .1969
5.10mm .2008
5.20mm .2047
5.25mm .2067
5.30mm .2087
5.40mm .2126
5.50mm .2165
5.60mm .2205
5.70mm .2244
5.75mm .2264
5.80mm .2283
5.90mm .2323
6.00mm .2362
6.10mm .2402
6.20mm
6.25mm
6.30mm
6.40mm
6.50mm
6.60mm
6.70mm
6.75mm
6.80mm
6.90mm
7.00mm
7.10mm
7.20mm
7.25mm
7.30mm
7.40mm
7.50mm
7.60mm
7.70mm
7.75mm
7.80mm
7.90mm
8.00mm
8.10mm
8.20mm
8.25mm
8.30mm
8.40mm
8.50mm
8.60mm
8.70mm
8.75mm
8.80mm
8.90mm
9.00mm
9.10mm
9.20mm
9.25mm
9.30mm
9.40mm
9.50mm
9.60mm
9.70mm
9.75mm
9.80mm
9.90mm
.2441
.2461
.2480
.2520
.2559
.2598
.2638
.2657
.2677
.2717
.2756
.2795
.2835
.2854
.2874
.2913
.2953
.2992
.3031
.3051
.3071
.3110
.3150
.3189
.3228
.3248
.3268
.3307
.3346
.3386
.3425
.3445
.3465
.3504
.3543
.3583
.3622
.3642
.3661
.3701
.3740
.3780
.3819
.3839
.3858
.3898
Decimal
10.00mm
10.20mm
10.50mm
10.80mm
11.00mm
11.20mm
11.50mm
11.80mm
12.00mm
12.20mm
12.50mm
13.00mm
13.50mm
14.00mm
14.50mm
15.00mm
15.50mm
16.00mm
16.50mm
17.00mm
17.50mm
18.00mm
18.50mm
19.00mm
19.50mm
20.00mm
20.50mm
21.00mm
21.50mm
22.00mm
22.50mm
23.00mm
23.50mm
24.00mm
24.50mm
25.00mm
.3937
.4016
.4134
.4252
.4331
.4409
.4528
.4646
.4724
.4803
.4921
.5118
.5315
.5512
.5709
.5906
.6102
.6299
.6496
.6693
.6890
.7087
.7283
.7480
.7677
.7874
.8071
.8268
.8465
.8661
.8858
.9055
.9252
.9449
.9646
.9843
+1.00mm
increments
up to 48mm
+5.00mm
increments
from 50mm
up to 105mm
COUNTERBORED HOLES
USA SOCKET-HEAD CAP SCREWS

SCREW
DIA
#0
#2
#4
#5
#6
#8
#10
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
1-3/4
2
A
COUNTERBORE
DIA
1/8
3/16
7/32
1/4
9/32
5/16
3/8
7/16
17/32
5/8
23/32
13/16
1
1-3/16
1-3/8
1-5/8
2
2-3/8
2-3/4
3-1/8
B
COUNTERBORE
DEPTH
.060
.086
.112
.125
.138
.164
.190
.250
.312
.375
.438
.500
.625
.750
.875
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
C
COUNTERSINK
DIA
.074
.102
.130
.145
.158
.188
.218
.278
.346
.415
.483
.552
.689
.828
.963
1.100
1.370
1.640
1.910
2.180
D
CLEARANCE DIA
NORMAL FIT
CLOSE FIT
#49
#51
#36
3/32
#29
1/8
#23
9/64
#18
#23
#10
#15
#2
#5
9/32
17/64
11/32
21/64
13/32
25/64
15/32
29/64
17/32
33/64
21/32
41/64
25/32
49/64
29/32
57/64
1-1/32
1-1/64
1-5/16
1-9/32
1-9/16
1-17/32
1-13/16
1-25/32
2-1/16
2-1/32
METRIC SOCKET-HEAD CAP SCREWS

M1.6
M2
M2.5
M3
M4
M5
M6
M8
M10
M12
M14
M16
M20
M24
M30
M36
M42
M48
3.50mm
4.40mm
5.40mm
6.50mm
8.25mm
9.75mm
11.20mm
14.50mm
17.50mm
19.50mm
22.50mm
25.50mm
31.50mm
37.50mm
47.50mm
56.50mm
66.00mm
75.00mm
1.6mm
2mm
2.5mm
3mm
4mm
5mm
6mm
8mm
10mm
12mm
14mm
16mm
20mm
24mm
30mm
36mm
42mm
48mm
2.0mm
2.6mm
3.1mm
3.6mm
4.7mm
5.7mm
6.8mm
9.2mm
11.2mm
14.2mm
16.2mm
18.2mm
22.4mm
26.4mm
33.4mm
39.4mm
45.6mm
52.6mm
1.95mm
2.40mm
3.00mm
3.70mm
4.80mm
5.80mm
6.80mm
8.80mm
10.80mm
13.00mm
15.00mm
17.00mm
21.00mm
25.00mm
31.50mm
37.50mm
44.00mm
50.00mm
1.80mm
2.20mm
2.70mm
3.40mm
4.40mm
5.40mm
6.40mm
8.40mm
10.50mm
12.50mm
14.50mm
16.50mm
20.50mm
24.50mm
31.00mm
37.00mm
43.00mm
49.00mm
GEOMETRIC SYMBOLS
AND DEFINITIONS
.002
.005 M A
Individual Features
Related Features
Feature-Control Frame
A specification box that shows a particular geometric characteristic (flatness, straightness,
etc.) applied to a part feature and states the allowable tolerence. The features tolerance
may be individual, or related to one or more datums. Any datum references and tolerance
modifiers are also shown.
A1
A2
A3
Datum Feature
Datum Targets
A flag which designates a physical feature

of the part to be used as a reference to
measure geometric characteristics of other
part features.
Callouts occasionally needed to designate

specific points, lines, or areas on an actual
part to be used to establish a theoretical
datum feature.
1.500
Basic Dimension
Cylindrical Tolerance Zone
A box around any drawing dimension

makes it a basic dimension, a
theoretically exact value used as a
reference for measuring geometric
characteristics and tolerances of other part
features.
This symbol, commonly used to indicate a

diameter dimension, also specifies a
cylindrically shaped tolerance zone in a
feature-control frame.
Maximum Material Condition
Least Material Condition
Abbreviation: MMC. A tolerance modifier

that applies the stated tight tolerance zone
only while the part theoretically contains
the maximum amount of material
permitted within its dimensional limits (e.g.
minimum hole diameters and maximum
shaft diameters), allowing more variation
under normal conditions.
Abbreviation: LMC. A tolerance modifier

only while the part theoretically contains
the minimum amount of material permitted
within its dimensional limits (e.g. maximum
hole diameters and minimum shaft
diameters), allowing more variation under
normal conditions.
.005
.500 P
Regardless of Feature Size
Projected Tolerance Zone
Abbreviation: RFS. A tolerance modifier

under all size conditions. RFS is generally
assumed if neither MMC nor LMC are
stated.
An additional specification box attached

underneath a feature-control frame. It
extends the features tolerance zone
beyond the parts surface by the stated
distance, ensuring perpendicularity for
proper alignment of mating parts.
GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
.002
.002
Flatness
All points on the indicated surface

must lie in a single plane, within
the specified tolerance zone.
Straightness

or axis must lie in a straight line in
the direction shown, within the
specified tolerance zone.
Circularity (Roundness)
.002
.002
.002
If the indicated surface were

sliced by any plane perpendicular
to its axis, the resulting outline
must be a perfect circle, within the
Cylindricity
must lie in a perfect cylinder
around a center axis, within the
Linear Profile
.005
.005
All points on any full slice of the

indicated surface must lie on its
theoretical two-dimensional profile,
as defined by basic dimensions,
within the specified tolerance zone.
The profile may or may not be
oriented with respect to datums.
Surface Profile
.005
.005

must lie on its theoretical threedimensional profile, as defined by
basic dimensions, within the
specified tolerance zone. The
profile may or may not be oriented
with respect to datums.
A
9
Perpendicularity (Squareness)
A
.002
All points on the indicated

surface, axis, or line must lie in
a single plane exactly 90 from
the designated datum plane or
axis, within the specified
tolerance zone.
Angularity
.002
60

or axis must lie in a single plane
at exactly the specified angle
from the designated datum plane
or axis, within the specified
tolerance zone.
Parallelism
.002
10
All points on the indicated

surface or axis must lie in a
single plane parallel to the
designated datum plane or axis,
within the specified tolerance
zone.
.002
Circular Runout
A
.003 A
A
.002
Each circular element of the

indicated surface is allowed to
deviate only the specified
amount from its theoretical
form and orientation during
360 rotation about the
designated datum axis.
Total Runout
.003
The entire indicated surface is

allowed to deviate only the
specified amount from its
theoretical form and orientation
during 360 rotation about the
designated datum axis.
Concentricity
.002
If the indicated surface were

sliced by any plane perpendicular to the designated datum
axis, every slices center of
area must lie on the datum
axis, within the specified
A cylindrical tolerance zone
(controls rotational balance).
Position (Replaces
.375
.005
4X
The indicated features axis

must be located within the
specified tolerance zone from
its true theoretical position,
correctly oriented relative to the
designated datum plane or axis.
.125 .002
.002 M A
Symmetry)
11
TYPICAL SURFACE FINISHES PRODUCED

BY VARIOUS PRODUCTION METHODS
Microinches
Micrometers
Roughness Grade
Roughness Average
2000 1000 500 250 125 63
50 25 12.5 6.3 3.2 1.6
N12 N11 N10 N9 N8 N7
32 16
.8 .4
N6 N5
8
.2
N4
4
2
1
.1 .05 .025
N3 N2 N1
Sand Casting
Hot Rolling
Forging
Permanent-Mold Casting
Investment Casting
Extruding
Cold Rolling
Die Casting
Flame Cutting
Sawing
Planing
Drilling
EDM
Milling
Laser Cutting
Reaming
Broaching
Turning and Boring
Tumbling
Roller Burnishing
Grinding
Honing
Electro-Polishing
Polishing
Lapping
{
{
{
{
Superfinishing
Metric Roughness Symbol
12
CLAMPING FORCE
OF STANDARD CLAMP STRAPS
USA
Stud
Size
Recommended
Torque*
(ft.-lbs.)
Clamping
Force
(lbs.)
Tensile
Force
in Stud
(lbs.)
#10-32
1/4-20
5/16-18
3/8-16
1/2-13
5/8-11
3/4-10
7/8-9
1-8
2
4
9
16
38
77
138
222
333
300
500
900
1300
2300
3700
5500
7600
10000
600
1000
1800
2600
4600
7400
11000
15200
20000
M6
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
4
9
20
35
84
165
283
METRIC
500
900
1500
2200
4000
6300
9000
1000
1800
3000
4400
8000
12600
18000
*Clean, dry clamping stud torqued to approximately 33% of its

100,000 psi yield strength (2:1 lever ratio).
13
AISI/SAE NUMBERING SYSTEM

FOR CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS
Type
1018
Carbon content
(Hundredths of a %)
Carbon Steels
12L14
L denotes leaded steels

B denotes boron steels
10XX
Plain Carbon, Mn 1.00% max
11XX
Resulfurized Free Machining
12XX
Resulfurized/Rephosphorized Free
Machining
Manganese Steel
Nickel Steels
Nickel-Chromium Steels
Molybdenum Steels
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
Nickel-Molybdenum Steels
Chromium Steels
15XX
Plain Carbon, Mn 1.00-1.65%
13XX
Mn 1.75%
23XX
Ni 3.50%
25XX
Ni 5.00%
31XX
Ni 1.25%, Cr .65-.80%
32XX
Ni 1.75%, Cr 1.07%
33XX
Ni 3.50%, Cr 1.50-1.57%
34XX
Ni 3.00%, Cr .77%
40XX
Mo .20-.25%
44XX
Mo .40-.52%
41XX
Cr .50-.95%, Mo .12-.30%
43XX
Ni 1.82%, Cr .50-.80%, Mo .25%
47XX
Ni 1.05%, Cr .45%, Mo .20-.35%
46XX
Ni .85-1.82%, Mo .20-.25%
48XX
Ni 3.50%, Mo .25%
50XX
Cr .27-.65%
51XX
Cr .80-1.05%
50XXX Cr .50%, C 1.00% min

51XXX Cr 1.02%, C 1.00% min
52XXX Cr 1.45%, C 1.00% min
Chromium-Vanadium Steels
61XX
Cr .60-.95%, V .10-.15%
Tungsten-Chromium Steels
72XX
W 1.75%, Cr .75%
81XX
Ni .30%, Cr .40%, Mo .12%
86XX
Ni .55%, Cr .50%, Mo .20%
87XX
Ni .55%, Cr .50%, Mo .25%
88XX
Ni .55%, Cr .50%, Mo .35%
92XX
Si 1.40-2.00%, Mn .65-.85%, Cr 0-.65%
93XX
Ni 3.25%, Cr 1.20%, Mo .12%
94XX
Ni .45%, Cr .40%, Mo .12%
97XX
Ni .55%, Cr .20%, Mo .20%
98XX
Ni 1.00%, Cr .80%, Mo .25%
Silicon-Manganese Steels
14
MACHINABILITY COMPARISON*
Carbon Steels:
1015.................................72%
1018.................................78%
1020.................................72%
1022.................................78%
1030.................................70%
1040.................................64%
1042.................................64%
1050.................................54%
1095.................................42%
1117 .................................91%
Alloy Steels:
2355 Annealed .................70%

4130 Annealed .................72%
4140 Annealed .................66%
4142 Annealed .................66%
41L42 Annealed ...............77%
4150 Annealed .................60%
4340 Annealed .................57%
1137 ..............................72%
1141 ..............................70%
1141 Annealed ..............81%
1144 ..............................76%
1144 Annealed ..............85%
1144 Stressproof...........83%
1212 ............................100%
1213 ............................136%
12L14 ..........................170%
1215 ............................136%
4620 ..............................66%
4820 Annealed ..............49%
52100 Annealed ............40%
6150 Annealed ..............60%
8620 ..............................66%
86L20 ............................77%
9310 Annealed ..............51%
Stainless Steels and Super Alloys:

302 Annealed ...................45%
303 Annealed ...................78%
304 Annealed ...................45%
316 Annealed ...................45%
321 Annealed ...................36%
347 Annealed ...................36%
410 Annealed ...................54%
416 Annealed .................110%
Tool Steels:
A-2....................................42%
A-6....................................33%
D-2 ...................................27%
D-3 ...................................27%
Gray Cast Iron:

ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
Class
Class
Class
Class
Nodular Iron:
20 Annealed73%
25 ................55%
30 ................48%
35 ................48%
60-40-18 Annealed ..........61%

65-45-12 Annealed ..........61%
420 Annealed ................45%

430 Annealed ................54%
431 Annealed ................45%
440A..............................45%
15-5PH Condition A ......48%
17-4PH Condition A ......48%
A286 Aged ....................33%
Hastelloy X....................19%
M-2 ................................39%
O-1 ................................42%
O-2 ................................42%
ASTM Class 40 .............48%

ASTM Class 45 .............36%
ASTM Class 50 .............36%
80-55-06........................39%
Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys:

Aluminum, Cold Drawn..360%
Aluminum, Cast .............450%
Aluminum, Die Cast.........76%
Magnesium, Cold Drawn ....480%

Magnesium, Cast..............480%
* Relative machining speed based on 1212 as 100%. All figures are based on colddrawn bars in as-drawn condition, except where noted.
15
75.9
75.2
74.7
74.1
73.6
78.5
78.0
77.4
76.8
76.3
81.2
80.7
80.1
79.6
79.0
83.9
83.4
82.8
82.3
81.8
86.5
86.0
85.6
85.0
84.5
60 kg
Brale
117
117
116
116
115
120
120
119
119
118
100 kg
1/16" Ball
50
49
48
47
46
55
54
53
52
51
60
59
58
57
56
63.1
62.1
61.4
60.8
60.0
66.9
66.1
65.4
64.6
63.8
70.7
69.9
69.2
68.5
67.7
78.5
77.7
76.9
76.1
75.4
74.5
73.8
73.0
72.2
71.5
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
100 kg
Brale
150 kg
Brale
Rockwell
100 kg
1/8" Ball
60 kg
1/16" Ball
85.5
85.0
84.5
83.9
83.5
87.9
87.4
86.9
86.4
85.9
90.2
89.8
89.3
88.9
88.3
92.2
91.8
91.4
91.1
90.7
94.0
93.5
93.2
92.9
92.5
15 kg
Brale
15-N
68.5
67.6
66.7
65.8
64.8
73.0
72.0
71.2
70.2
69.4
77.5
76.6
75.7
74.8
73.9
81.9
81.1
80.1
79.3
78.4
86.0
85.0
84.4
83.6
82.8
30 kg
Brale
30-N
55.0
53.8
52.5
51.4
50.3
60.9
59.8
58.6
57.4
56.1
66.6
65.5
64.3
63.2
62.0
72.0
71.0
69.9
68.8
67.7
77.6
76.5
75.4
74.2
73.2
45 kg
Brale
45-N
Rockwell Superficial
30 kg
16" Ball
30-T
475
464
451
442
432
560
543
525
500
487
654
634
615
595
577
739
722
705
688
670
3000 kg
500 kg
10mm Ball 10mm Ball
Steel *
Steel
Brinell
513
498
484
471
458
595
577
560
544
528
697
674
653
633
613
832
800
772
746
720
1076
1044
940
900
865
136
Diamond
Pyramid
Vickers
274,000
266,000
257,000
245,000
239,000
67
66
64
63
62
233,000
227,000
221,000
217,000
212,000
320,000
310,000
300,000
290,000
282,000
74
72
71
69
68
81
80
78
76
75
91
88
87
85
83
Shore Approximate
Tensile
Strength
Scleroscope
(psi)
101
99
97
95
92
APPROXIMATE HARDNESS CONVERSIONS FOR STEEL
*Brinell hardness values above 500 are listed for a 10mm carbide ball instead of a steel ball.
16
17
55.4
54.6
53.8
53.1
52.3
62.8
62.4
62.0
61.5
61.0
65.3
64.7
64.3
63.8
63.3
67.9
67.4
66.8
66.3
65.8
102
101
100
99
98
105
104
104
103
103
109
108
108
107
106
25
24
23
22
21
30
29
28
27
26
35
34
33
32
31
43.8
43.1
42.1
41.6
40.9
47.7
47.0
46.1
45.2
44.6
51.5
50.8
50.0
49.2
48.4
59.2
58.5
57.7
56.9
56.2
40
39
38
37
36
45
44
43
42
41
112
111
110
110
109
115
114
113
113
112
70.4
69.9
69.4
68.9
68.4
73.1
72.5
72.0
71.5
70.9
100 kg
Brale
150 kg
Brale
Rockwell
100 kg
1/16" Ball
60 kg
Brale
100 kg
1/8" Ball
60 kg
1/16" Ball
72.2
71.6
71.0
70.5
69.9
75.0
74.5
73.9
73.3
72.8
77.7
77.2
76.6
76.1
75.6
80.4
79.9
79.4
78.8
78.3
83.0
82.5
82.0
81.5
80.9
15 kg
Brale
15-N
45.9
45.0
44.0
43.2
42.3
50.4
49.5
48.6
47.7
46.8
55.0
54.2
53.3
52.1
51.3
59.5
58.6
57.7
56.8
55.9
64.0
63.1
62.2
61.3
60.4
30 kg
Brale
30-N
25.5
24.3
23.1
22.0
20.7
31.3
30.1
28.9
27.8
26.7
37.2
36.1
34.9
33.7
32.5
43.1
41.9
40.8
39.6
38.4
49.0
47.8
46.7
45.5
44.3
45 kg
Brale
45-N
82.0
81.5
81.0
253
247
240
234
228
286
279
271
264
258
327
319
311
301
294
371
362
353
344
336
421
409
400
390
381
201
195
189
500 kg
30-T 3000 kg
10mm Ball 10mm Ball
30 kg
Steel
1/16" Ball
Steel
Brinell
266
260
254
248
243
302
294
286
279
272
345
336
327
318
310
392
382
372
363
354
446
434
423
412
402
136
Diamond
Pyramid
Vickers
38
37
36
35
35
42
41
41
40
39
48
47
46
44
43
54
52
51
50
49
60
58
57
56
55
206,000
200,000
196,000
191,000
187,000
124,000
121,000
118,000
115,000
112,000
140,000
137,000
133,000
129,000
126,000
160,000
156,000
152,000
147,000
144,000
182,000
177,000
173,000
169,000
165,000
Shore Approximate
Tensile
Strength
Sclero(psi)
scope
18
12
10
9
8
7
48.0
47.0
46.5
46.0
45.5
50.5
50.0
49.5
49.0
48.5
53.5
53.0
52.5
52.0
51.0
77
76
75
74
73
82
81
80
79
78
87
86
85
84
83
1
0
6
5
4
3
2
20
18
16
15
13
92
91
90
89
88
97
96
95
94
93
56.5
56.0
55.5
55.0
54.0
60.5
59.0
58.0
57.5
57.0
150 kg
Brale
40.1
100 kg
Brale
Rockwell
100 kg
1/16" Ball
60 kg
Brale
100 kg
1/8" Ball
99.5
99.0
98.5
60 kg
1/16" Ball
69.4
15 kg
Brale
15-N
41.5
30 kg
Brale
30-N
19.6
45 kg
Brale
45-N
Brinell
68.0
67.5
67.0
66.0
65.5
71.5
71.0
70.0
69.5
69.0
74.5
74.0
73.5
73.0
72.0
77.5
77.0
76.0
75.5
75.0
80.5
80.0
79.0
78.5
78.0
141
139
137
135
132
156
153
150
147
144
172
169
165
162
159
195
190
185
180
176
222
216
210
205
200
124
122
120
118
116
135
133
130
128
126
148
145
142
140
137
163
160
157
154
151
184
179
175
171
167
3000 kg
500 kg
10mm Ball 10mm Ball
30 kg
Steel
Steel
1/16" Ball
30-T
163
160
180
176
173
170
166
204
196
192
188
184
238
230
222
213
208
136
Diamond
Pyramid
Vickers
24
24
26
25
25
25
24
29
28
27
26
26
34
33
32
31
30
Scleroscope
Shore
76,000
75,000
73,000
84,000
83,000
81,000
79,000
78,000
96,000
93,000
91,000
88,000
86,000
Approximate
Tensile
Strength
(psi)
109,000
106,000
103,000
100,000
98,000
19
36.0
35.5
35.0
34.8
34.5
38.0
37.8
37.5
37.0
36.5
40.5
40.0
39.5
39.0
38.5
52
51
50
49
48
57
56
55
54
53
62
61
60
59
58
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
45.0
44.5
44.0
43.5
43.0
42.5
42.0
41.8
41.5
41.0
150 kg
Brale
100 kg
1/16" Ball
60 kg
Brale
100 kg
Brale
Rockwell
88.0
87.5
87.0
86.5
85.5
91.0
90.5
90.0
89.5
89.0
94.5
93.5
93.0
92.5
92.0
97.5
97.0
96.0
95.5
95.0
100.0
99.5
99.0
98.0
100 kg
1/8" Ball
86.5
86.0
85.5
85.0
84.5
89.5
89.0
88.0
87.5
87.0
92.0
91.5
91.0
90.5
90.0
95.0
94.5
94.0
93.5
93.0
98.0
97.5
97.0
96.0
95.5
60 kg
1/16" Ball
15 kg
Brale
15-N
30 kg
Brale
30-N
45 kg
Brale
45-N
51.0
50.4
49.5
49.1
48.5
54.6
54.0
53.2
52.5
51.8
58.0
57.3
56.5
55.9
55.0
61.4
60.5
60.1
59.5
58.7
65.0
64.2
63.5
62.8
62.0
85
84
83
82
81
91
90
89
87
86
102
101
99
98
96
95
94
92
106
104
102
101
99
114
112
110
109
107
110
108
107
106
104
119
117
116
114
112
130
127
125
123
121
3000 kg
500 kg
10mm Ball 10mm Ball
30 kg
Steel
Steel
1/16" Ball
30-T
Brinell
136
Diamond
Pyramid
Vickers
Scleroscope
Shore
Approximate
Tensile
Strength
(psi)
20
25.0
24.5
24.2
24.0
23.5
27.5
27.0
26.5
26.0
25.5
29.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
27.8
27
26
25
24
23
32
31
30
29
28
37
36
35
34
33
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
34.0
33.5
33.0
32.5
32.0
31.5
31.0
30.8
30.5
30.0
150 kg
Brale
100 kg
1/16" Ball
60 kg
Brale
100 kg
Brale
Rockwell
73.0
72.5
72.0
71.0
70.5
76.0
75.5
75.0
74.0
73.5
79.0
78.5
78.0
77.0
76.5
82.0
81.5
81.0
80.0
79.5
85.0
84.5
84.0
83.5
82.5
100 kg
1/8" Ball
72.5
72.0
71.0
70.5
70.0
75.0
74.5
74.0
73.5
73.0
78.0
77.5
77.0
76.5
75.5
81.0
80.5
79.5
79.0
78.5
84.0
83.0
82.5
82.0
81.5
60 kg
1/16" Ball
15 kg
Brale
15-N
30 kg
Brale
30-N
45 kg
Brale
45-N
33.8
33.1
32.4
32.0
31.1
37.5
36.6
36.0
35.2
34.5
40.7
40.0
39.3
38.5
37.9
44.0
43.4
43.0
42.1
41.5
47.7
47.0
46.2
45.5
44.8
65
65
64
64
63
68
68
67
66
66
72
71
71
70
69
76
75
74
74
73
80
79
79
78
77
3000 kg
500 kg
10mm Ball 10mm Ball
30 kg
Steel
Steel
1/16" Ball
30-T
Brinell
136
Diamond
Pyramid
Vickers
Shore Approximate
Tensile
Strength
Scleroscope
(psi)
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
12
11
10
9
8
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
23.0
22.5
22.0
21.5
21.2
21.0
20.5
20.0
150 kg
Brale
100 kg
1/16" Ball
60 kg
Brale
100 kg
Brale
Rockwell
58.0
57.5
57.0
61.0
60.5
60.0
59.0
58.5
64.0
63.5
62.5
62.0
61.5
67.0
66.5
65.5
65.0
64.5
70.0
69.5
68.5
68.0
67.5
100 kg
1/8" Ball
58.0
57.5
57.0
61.0
60.5
60.0
59.5
59.0
64.0
63.5
63.0
62.0
61.5
66.5
66.0
65.5
65.0
64.5
69.5
69.0
68.5
68.0
67.0
60 kg
1/16" Ball
15 kg
Brale
15-N
30 kg
Brale
30-N
45 kg
Brale
45-N
16.4
15.7
15.0
19.8
19.1
18.4
18.0
17.1
23.5
22.6
21.9
21.2
20.5
58
57
57
56
56
54
53
53
56
55
55
55
54
60
60
59
59
58
63
62
62
61
61
26.7
26.0
25.3
24.6
23.9
30.4
29.7
29.0
28.1
27.4
136
Diamond
Pyramid
Vickers
3000 kg
500 kg
10mm Ball 10mm Ball
30 kg
Steel
1/16" Ball
Steel
30-T
Brinell
Shore Approximate
Tensile
Strength
Scleroscope
(psi)
Hardness values in italics are beyond the normal range of that scale and are listed for reference only.
21
SINGLE-ACTING
BALL LOCK PINS
DOUBLE-ACTING
BALL LOCK PINS
ADJUSTABLE
BALL LOCK PINS
DETENT
PINS
EXPANDING
PINS
LIFTING
PINS
SINGLE-ACTING BALL LOCK PINS

Precision ground locating pin. Press button to insert or
remove. Positive locking until released by pressing button.
Available in four handle styles. Two locking balls standard,
with four balls available for greater pull-out strength. 3/16 to
1" diameters standard. Available in alloy or stainless steel.
DOUBLE-ACTING BALL LOCK PINS

Similar to a single-acting pin, except you release by pulling
or pushing the handle. Positive locking. Choice of three handle styles. Available with drive-out option (internal spindle
extends beyond the shank end). This feature lets you
remove a pin under shear loading by tapping the shank end
with a hammer.
ADJUSTABLE BALL LOCK PINS

Single-acting ball lock pin with adjustable grip length (1/2inch range). Adjust grip by turning handle, then lock with the
knurled locknut. Available in three handle styles.
DETENT PINS
Economical locating pin. Locking balls are spring loaded, not
positive locking. Simply push pin to insert, pull to remove.
3/16 to 1" diameters standard. Available in alloy or stainless
steel.
EXPANDING PINS
Precision alignment pin. Diameter expands up to .006 inches by moving handle. Positive cam action expands split
bushings to lock pin in place.
LIFTING PINS
Single-acting ball lock pin with one-piece body and four balls
for high tension loads. Sturdy forged shackle for heavy lifting.
22
METRIC PREFIXES
Prefix
Symbol
Multiplier
tera ..........T ....1,000,000,000,000.

giga .........G.......... 1,000,000,000.
mega.......M................. 1,000,000.
kilo ...........k........................ 1,000.
hecto........h........................... 100.
deka.......da............................. 10.
.................................................. 1.
deci ..........d ............................... .1
centi .........c ............................... .01
milli .........m ............................... .001
micro........ ............................... .000001
nano.........n ............................... .000000001
pico ..........p ............................... .000000000001
23
Multiply
CONVERSION FACTORS
By
To Obtain
A
Abcoulombs
Acre-feet
Acre-feet
Acre-feet
Acres
Acres
Acres
Acres
Acres
Ampere-hours
Ampere-hours
Ampere-turns
Angstrom unit
Angstrom unit
Ares
Ares
Astronomical units
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
1
2.998x1010
43,560
1233.49
325,851
.4047
43,560
4,047
.001562
4,840
3,600
.03731
1.257
3.937x10-9
10-10
.02471
100
1.495x108
1.01325
76.0
33.90
29.92
10,333
101.325
101,325
14.70
1.058
Amperes
Statcoulombs
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
Gallons
Hectares
Square feet
Square meters
Square miles
Square yards
Coulombs
Faradays
Gilberts
Inches
Meters
Acres
Sq. meters
Kilometers
Bars
Cm. of mercury
Feet of water
Inches of mercury
Kilograms/sq. meter
KiloPascals
Pascals
Pounds/sq. inch
Tons/sq. foot
Bags (cement)
Barrels (cement)
Barrels (dry)
Barrels (dry)
Barrels (liquid)
Barrels (oil)
Bars
Bars
Bars
Bars
Bars
Bars
Bars
94
376
7056
105.0
31.5
42
.9869
1,000,000
10,200
100
750.0
100,000
14.50
Pounds
Pounds
Cubic inches
Quarts (dry)
Gallons
Gallons
Atmospheres
Dynes/sq. centimeter
Kilograms/sq. meter
KiloPascals
Millimeters of mercury
Pascals
Pounds/sq. inch
24
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Baryls
Board feet
Bolts (US Cloth)
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U.
B.T.U./hour
B.T.U./hour
B.T.U./hour
B.T.U./hour
B.T.U./minute
B.T.U./minute
B.T.U./minute
B.T.U./minute
B.T.U./sq. foot/minute
Buckets (British, Dry)
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
1
144
40
1.055x1010
778.2
252.2
3.930x10-4
1,055
.2522
107.6
2.931x10-4
10.409
.2162
.0700
3.930x10-4
.2931
12.97
.02358
.01758
17.58
.1221
18.18
1.2445
2150.4
.03524
35.24
4
64
32
Cubic inches
Yards
Ergs
Foot-pounds
Gram calories
Horsepower-hours
Joules
Kilocalories
Kilogram-meters
Kilowatt-hours
Liter-Atmospheres
Foot-pounds/second
Gram-calories/second
Horsepower
Watts
Foot-pounds/second
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Watts
Watts/sq. inch
Liters
Cu. feet
Cu. inches
Cu. meters
Liters
Pecks
Pints (dry)
Quarts (dry)
C
Calories (gram)
Calories (gram)
Calories (gram)
Calories (gram)
Calories (gram)
Calories (gram)
Calories (gram)
Calories (gram)
Calories (kilogram)
Calories (kilogram)
Calories (kilogram)
Calories (kilogram)
Calories (kilogram)
Calories (kilogram)
Calories (kilogram)
1
.003966
.001
41,840,000
.001
3.0860
1.559x10-6
.001
1.162x10-6
3.966
1,000
1
3,086
.001559
4,184
1
Coulombs
B.T.U
Calories (kilogram)
Ergs
Food calories
Foot-pounds
Horsepower-hours
Kilocalories
Kilowatt-hours
B.T.U.
Calories (gram)
Food calories
Foot-pounds
Horsepower-hours
Joules
Kilocalories
25
Multiply
Calories (kilogram)
Calories (kilogram)
Candela/sq. centimeter
Candela/sq. inch
Candela/sq. meter
Carats
Centares (Centiares)
Centigrams
Centiliters
Centimeter-dynes
Centimeter-dynes
Centimeter-dynes
Centimeter-grams
Centimeter-grams
Centimeter-grams
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters of mercury
Centimeters/second
Centimeters/second
Centimeters/second
Centimeters/second
Centimeters/second
Centimeters/second
Centimeters/sec./sec.
Centipoise
Centipoise
Centistokes
Centistokes
Chains
Chains
Chains
Circular mils
Circular mils
Circular mils
Circumference
Cord feet
Cords
Coulombs
Coulombs
Coulombs/sq. centimeter
By
426.8
.001162
3.142
.4869
.0003142
3.086
1
.01
.01
.00102
1.020x10-8
7.376x10-8
980.7
10-5
7.233x10-5
.03281
.3937
.01
10
393.7
.01316
.4461
136.0
27.85
.1934
1.969
.03281
.036
.6
.02237
3.728x10-4
.03281
1
.001
10-6
1
792
20.12
22
5.067x10-6
7.854x10-7
.7854
6.2832
16
8
1.036x10-5
2.998x109
64.52
26
To Obtain
Kilogram-meters
Kilowatt-hours
Lamberts
Lamberts
Lamberts
Grains
Square meters
Grams
Liters
Centimeter-grams
Meter-kilograms
Pound-feet
Centimeter-dynes
Meter-kilograms
Pound-feet
Feet
Inches
Meters
Millimeters
Mils
Atmospheres
Feet of water
Kilograms/sq. meter
Pounds/sq. foot
Pounds/sq. inch
Feet/minute
Feet/second
Kilometers/hour
Meters/minute
Miles/hour
Miles/minute
Feet/sec./sec.
Millipascal-seconds
Pascal-seconds
Sq. meters/second
Sq. millimeters/second
Inches
Meters
Yards
Sq. centimeters
Sq. inches
Sq. mils
Radians
Cu. feet
Cord feet
Faradays
Statcoulombs
Coulombs/sq. inch
Multiply
Coulombs/sq. inch
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/second
Cubic feet/second
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
By
.1550
3.531x10-5
.06102
.000001
1.308x10-6
2.642x10-4
.001
.002113
.001057
.8036
28,320
1728
.02832
.03704
7.48052
28.32
59.84
62.43
29.92
472.0
.1247
.4720
62.43
.646317
448.831
16.39
5.787x10-4
1.639x10-5
2.143x10-5
.004329
.01639
106,100
.03463
.01732
28.38
1,000,000
35.31
61,023
1.308
264.2
1000
2113
1057
764,600
27
46,656
27
To Obtain
Coulombs/sq. cm
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Gallons
Liters
Pints (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Bushels (dry)
Cubic centimeters
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Gallons
Liters
Pints (liquid)
Pounds of water
Quarts (liquid)
Cu. centimeters/second
Gallons/second
Liters/second
Pounds of water/minute
Millions of gallons/day
Gallons/minute
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Gallons
Liters
Mil-feet
Pints (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Bushels (dry)
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic yards
Gallons
Liters
Pints (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Multiply
By
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
Cubic yards/minute
Cubic yards/minute
Cubic yards/minute
Cycles/second
.7646
202.0
764.6
1616
807.9
.45
3.367
12.74
1
Days
Decigrams
Deciliters
Decimeters
Degrees (angle)
Degrees (angle)
Degrees (angle)
Degrees (angle)
Degrees (Celsius)
Degrees (Celsius)
Degrees (Fahrenheit)
Degrees (Kelvin)
Degrees (Rankine)
Degrees/second (angle)
Dekagrams
Dekaliters
Dekameters
Drams
Drams
Drams
Drams (troy)
Drams (troy)
Dyne-centimeters
Dynes
Dynes
Dynes
Dynes
Dynes
Dynes
Dynes/centimeter
86,400
.1
.1
.1
60
.01111
.01745
3600
(Cx9/5)+32
C+273.15
(F-32)x5/9
F+459.67
K-273.15
R-459.67
.01745
.1667
.002778
10
10
10
27.34375
1.771845
.0625
.1371429
.125
1
1
10-7
1.020x10-6
10-5
7.233x10-5
2.248x10-6
.01
9.869x10-7
10-6
28
To Obtain
Cubic meters
Gallons
Liters
Pints (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Cubic feet/second
Gallons/second
Liters/second
Hertz
Seconds
Grams
Liters
Meters
Minutes
Quadrants
Radians
Seconds
Degrees (Kelvin)
Degrees (Celsius)
Degrees (Rankine)
Degrees (Celsius)
Radians/second
Revolutions/minute
Revolutions/second
Grams
Liters
Meters
Grains
Grams
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces (troy)
Ergs
Gram-cm./sec.2
Joules/centimeter
Kilograms
Newtons
Poundals
Pounds
Ergs/sq.millimeter
Atmospheres
Bars
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Em (Pica)
Em (Pica)
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs
Ergs/second
Ergs/second
Ergs/second
Ergs/second
Ergs/second
Ergs/second
.4233
.167
9.478x10-11
2.390x10-8
1
7.376x10-8
.00102
3.725x10-14
10-7
2.390x10-11
1.020x10-8
2.778x10-14
2.778x10-11
5.688x10-9
1
4.427x10-6
7.3756x10-8
1.341x10-10
1.433x10-9
Centimeters
Inches
B.T.U.
Calories (gram)
Dyne-centimeters
Foot-pounds
Gram-centimeters
Horsepower-hours
Joules
Kilocalories
Kilogram-meters
Kilowatt-hrs.
Watt-hours
B.T.U./minute
Dyne-cm./sec.
Foot-pounds/minute
Foot-pounds/second
Horsepower
Kilocalories/minute
F
Faradays
Faradays
Faradays/sec.
Farads
Fathoms
Fathoms
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet/minute
Feet/minute
Feet/minute
1
26.80
96,490
96,490
1,000,000
1.8288
6
30.48
12
3.048x10-4
.3048
1.894x10-4
1.645x10-4
304.8
.3333
.02950
.8826
.03048
304.8
62.43
.4335
.5080
.01667
.01829
Farads
Ampere-hours
Coulombs
Amperes
Microfarads
Meters
Feet
Centimeters
Inches
Kilometers
Meters
Miles
Miles (nautical)
Millimeters
Yards
Atmospheres
Inches of mercury
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. meter
Pounds/sq. foot
Pounds/sq. inch
Centimeters/second
Feet/second
Kilometers/hour
29
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Feet/minute
Feet/minute
Feet/second
Feet/second
Feet/second
Feet/second
Feet/second
Feet/second
Feet/sec./sec.
Feet/sec./sec.
Feet/sec./sec.
Feet/sec./sec.
Foot candles
Footlamberts
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds/minute
Foot-pounds/minute
Foot-pounds/minute
Foot-pounds/minute
Foot-pounds/minute
Foot-pounds/second
Foot-pounds/second
Foot-pounds/second
Foot-pounds/second
Foot-pounds/second
Furlongs
Furlongs
Furlongs
.3048
.01136
30.48
1.097
.5921
18.29
.6818
.01136
30.48
.3048
1.097
.6818
10.764
3.426
.001285
13,560,000
.3240
5.051x10-7
1.356
3.240x10-4
.1383
3.766x10-7
1.356
.001285
.01667
3.030x10-5
3.240x10-4
2.260x10-5
.07710
4.6262
.001818
.01944
.001356
660
.125
40
Meters/minute
Miles/hour
Centimeters/second
Kilometers/hour
Knots
Meters/minute
Miles/hour
Miles/minute
Meters/sec./sec.
Kilometers/hr./sec.
Miles/hour/sec.
Lumens/sq. meter
Candela/square meter
B.T.U.
Ergs
Gram calories
Horsepower-hours
Joules
Kilocalories
Kilogram-meters
Kilowatt-hours
Newton-meters
B.T.U./minute
Foot-pounds/sec.
Horsepower
Kilocalories/minute
Kilowatts
B.T.U./minute
B.T.U./hour
Horsepower
Kilocalories/minute
Kilowatts
Feet
Miles
Rods
gs (gravity)
gs (gravity)
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
32.174
9.806650
3785
.1337
231.0
.003785
.004951
.83267
3.785
feet/sec/sec
meters/sec/sec
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Gallons (Imperial)
Liters
30
Multiply
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons (Imperial)
Gallons/minute
Gallons/minute
Gallons/minute
Gallons/minute
Gausses
Gausses
Gausses
Gausses
Gausses
Gilberts
Gilberts/centimeter
Gilberts/centimeter
Gilberts/centimeter
Gills
Gills
Gills (British)
Grade percentage
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains (troy)
Grains/gallon
Grains/gallon
Grains/Imp. gallon
Gram-centimeters
Gram-centimeters
Gram-centimeters
Gram-centimeters
Gram-centimeters/sec.2
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams/centimeter
Grams/cu. centimeter
Grams/liter
Grams/liter
Grams/liter
By
8
8.3453
4
1.20095
8.0208
.002228
.06308
6.0086
6.452
10-8
10-8
6.452x10-8
10-4
.7958
.7958
2.021
79.58
.1183
.25
142.07
.9001
.0365714
.06480
.002083
.04167
1
17.118
142.86
14.254
9.295x10-8
980.7
2.344x10-8
10-5
1
980.7
15.43
.001
1000
.03527
.03215
.07093
.002205
.005600
62.43
.03613
58.417
8.345
.062427
31
To Obtain
Pints (liquid)
Pounds of water
Quarts (liquid)
Gallons
Cubic feet/hour
Cubic feet/second
Liters/sec.
Tons of water/24 hrs.
Lines/sq. inch
Teslas
Webers/sq. cm.
Webers/sq. in.
Webers/sq. meter
Ampere-turns
Ampere-turns/cm.
Ampere-turns/inch
Ampere-turns/meter
Liters
Pints (liquid)
Cu. centimeters
Degrees
Drams
Grams
Ounces (troy)
Pennyweights (troy)
Grains
Parts/million
Pounds/million gallons
Parts/million
B.T.U.
Ergs
Kilocalories
Kilogram-meters
Dynes
Dynes
Grains
Kilograms
Milligrams
Ounces
Ounces (troy)
Poundals
Pounds
Pounds/inch
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic inch
Grains/gallon
Pounds/1000 gallons
Pounds/cubic foot
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Grams/liter
Grams/sq. centimeter
1000
2.0481
Parts/million
Pounds/sq. foot
H
Hands
Hectares
Hectares
Hectares
Hectograms
Hectoliters
Hectometers
Hectowatts
Hertz
Hogsheads
Hogsheads
Hogsheads (British)
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower (boiler)
Horsepower (boiler)
Horsepower (metric)
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Hundredweights
Hundredweights
Hundredweights
Hundredweights
Hundredweights
Hundredweights (long)
Hundredweights (long)
1
4
2.471
10,000
107,600
100
100
100
100
1
8.42184
63
10.114
42.41
33,000
550
1.014
10.69
.7457
745.7
33,479
9.803
.9863
2544
641,600
2.685x1013
1,980,000
2,684,520
641.6
273,700
.7457
1600
100
.05
.0446429
.0453592
112
.05
Henries
Inches
Acres
Square meters
Square feet
Grams
Liters
Meters
Watts
Cycles/second
Cubic feet
Gallons
Cubic feet
B.T.U./minute
Foot-pounds/min.
Foot-pounds/sec.
Horsepower (metric)
Kilocalories/minute
Kilowatts
Watts
B.T.U./hour
Kilowatts
Horsepower
B.T.U.
Calories (gram)
Ergs
Foot-pounds
Joules
Kilocalories
Kilogram-meters
Kilowatt-hours
Ounces
Pounds
Tons
Tons (long)
Tons (metric)
Pounds
Tons (long)
Inches
Inches
2.54
.0254
Centimeters
Meters
32
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Inches
Inches
Inches
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of water
Inches of water
Inches of water
Inches of water
Inches of water
Inches of water
25.4
1,000
.02778
.03342
1.133
.03453
345.3
70.73
.4912
.002458
.07355
25.40
.5781
5.202
.03613
Millimeters
Mils
Yards
Atmospheres
Feet of water
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. meter
Pounds/sq. foot
Pounds/sq. inch
Atmospheres
Inches of mercury
Kilograms/sq. meter
Ounces/sq. inch
Pounds/sq. foot
Pounds/sq. inch
J
Joules
Joules
Joules
Joules
Joules
Joules
Joules
Joules
Joules
1
9.478x10-4
10,000,000
.7376
3.725x10-7
2.390x10-4
.1020
2.778x10-7
1
2.778x10-4
Joules
B.T.U.
Ergs
Foot-pounds
Horsepower-hours
Kilocalories
Kilogram-meters
Kilowatt-hours
Newton-meters
Watt-hours
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories
Kilocalories/minute
Kilocalories/minute
Kilocalories/minute
Kilogram-meters
Kilogram-meters/sec.2
Kilograms
Kilograms
3.966
1
3086
1000
.001559
4,184
1
426.9
4.184
.001162
51.43
.09351
.06973
7.231
1
1000
70.93
B.T.U.
Food calories
Foot-pounds
Gram calories
Horsepower-hours
Joules
Kilogram calories
Kilogram-meters
Kilojoules
Kilowatt-hours
Foot-pounds/second
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Foot-pounds
Newtons
Grams
Poundals
33
Multiply
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms/cu. meter
Kilograms/cu. meter
Kilograms/cu. meter
Kilograms/meter
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. millimeter
Kilolines
Kiloliters
Kilometers
Kilometers
Kilometers
Kilometers
Kilometers
Kilometers/hour
Kilometers/hour
Kilometers/hour
Kilometers/hour
Kilometers/hour
Kilometers/hour
Kilometers/hr./sec.
Kilometers/hr./sec.
Kilometers/hr./sec.
Kilometers/liter
KiloNewtons
KiloPascals
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
By
2.205
.001102
.001
.06243
3.613x10-5
.6720
.9678
980,665
32.81
28.96
2,048
14.22
9.678x10-5
9.807x10-5
.003281
.002896
.2048
.001422
1,000,000
1000
1000
100,000
3281
1000
.6214
1094
27.78
54.68
.9113
.5396
16.67
.6214
27.78
.9113
.2778
2.352
224.8
.1450
3412
3.600x1013
2,655,000
1.341
3,600,000
860.4
367,100
56.87
44,250
737.6
34
To Obtain
Pounds
Tons
Pounds/cu. foot
Pounds/cu. inch
Pounds/foot
Atmospheres
Dynes
Feet of water
Inches of mercury
Pounds/sq. foot
Pounds/sq. inch
Atmospheres
Bars
Feet of water
Inches of mercury
Pounds/sq. foot
Pounds./sq. inch
Kilograms/sq. meter
Maxwells
Liters
Centimeters
Feet
Meters
Miles
Yards
Centimeters/second
Feet/minute
Feet/second
Knots
Meters/minute
Miles/hour
Feet/sec./sec.
Meters/sec./sec.
Miles/gallon
Pounds
Pounds/sq. inch
B.T.U.
Ergs
Foot-pounds
Horsepower-hours
Joules
Kilocalories
Kilogram-meters
B.T.U./minute
Foot-pounds/minute
Foot-pounds/second
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Knots
Knots
Knots
Knots
1.341
14.34
1000
1.689
1.8532
1.151
1
Horsepower
Kilocalories/minute
Watts
Feet/second
Kilometers/hr.
Miles/hour
Nautical miles/hour
Lamberts
Lamberts
Lamberts
Leagues
Light years
Light years
Lines/sq. centimeter
Lines/sq. inch
Lines/sq. inch
Lines/sq. inch
Links (engineers)
Links (surveyors)
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters/minute
Liters/minute
Lumens
Lumens
Lumens/sq. foot
Lumens/sq. foot
Lux
.3183
2.054
3183
3
9.4609x1012
5.9x1012
1
.1550
1.550x10-9
10-8
12
7.92
1000
.03531
61.02
.001
.001308
.2642
1.000
2.113
1.057
5.886x10-4
.004403
.07958
.001496
1
10.76
.0929
Candela/sq. centimeter
Candela/sq. inch
Candela/sq. meter
Miles (nautical)
Kilometers
Miles
Gausses
Gausses
Webers/sq. centimeter
Webers/sq. inch
Inches
Inches
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Gallons
Kilograms of water
Pints (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Cu. feet/second
Gallons/second
Spherical candle power
Watts
Foot-candles
Lumens/sq. meter
Foot-candles
Maxwells
Maxwells
Megajoules
Megalines
MegaPascals
Meter-kilograms
Meter-kilograms
.001
10-8
.2778
1,000,000
145.0
98,070,000
100,000
Kilolines
Webers
Kilowatt-hours
Maxwells
Pounds/sq. inch
Centimeter-dynes
Centimeter-grams
35
Multiply
Meter-kilograms
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters/minute
Meters/minute
Meters/minute
Meters/minute
Meters/minute
Meters/minute
Meters/second
Meters/second
Meters/second
Meters/second
Meters/second
Meters/second
Meters/sec./sec.
Meters/sec./sec.
Meters/sec./sec.
Mhos
Microfarads
Microns
Mil-feet
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles (nautical)
Miles (nautical)
Miles (nautical)
Miles (nautical)
Miles (nautical)
Miles/gallon
Miles/hour
Miles/hour
Miles/hour
Miles/hour
Miles/hour
Miles/hour
Miles/hour
By
7.233
100
3.281
39.37
.001
6.214x10-4
5.396x10-4
1000
1.094
1.667
3.281
.05468
.06
.03238
.03728
196.8
3.281
3.6
.06
2.237
.03728
3.281
3.6
2.237
1
10-6
10-6
9.425x10-6
160,900
5280
63,360
1.609
1,609
.8684
1760
6,080.27
1.853
1,853
1.1516
2,027
.4251
44.70
88
1.467
1.609
.8684
26.82
.1667
36
To Obtain
Pound-feet
Centimeters
Feet
Inches
Kilometers
Miles
Miles (nautical)
Millimeters
Yards
Centimeters/second
Feet/minute
Feet/second
Kilometers/hour
Knots
Miles/hour
Feet/minute
Feet/second
Kilometers/hour
Kilometers/minute
Miles/hour
Miles/minute
Feet/sec./sec.
Kilometers/hr./sec.
Miles/hour/sec.
Siemens
Farads
Meters
Cu. inches
Centimeters
Feet
Inches
Kilometers
Meters
Miles (nautical)
Yards
Feet
Kilometers
Meters
Miles
Yards
Kilometers/liter
Centimeters/second
Feet/minute
Feet/second
Kilometers/hour
Knots
Meters/minute
Miles/minute
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Miles/hour/sec.
Miles/hour/sec.
Miles/hour/sec.
Miles/hour/sec.
Miles/minute
Miles/minute
Miles/minute
Miles/minute
Milliers
Milligrams
Milligrams
Milligrams/liter
Milliliters
Millimeters
Millimeters
Millimeters
Millimeters
Millimicrons
Million gallons/day
Mils
Mils
Miners inches
Minims
Minims (British)
Minutes (angle)
Minutes (angle)
Minutes (angle)
Minutes (angle)
44.70
1.467
1.609
.4470
2682
88
1.609
60
1000
.01543
.001
1
.001
.1
.03937
.003281
39.37
.001316
.001333
.04461
13.60
133.3
.01934
10-9
1.54723
.00254
.001
1.5
.061612
.059192
.01667
1.852x10-4
2.909x10-4
60
Feet/sec./sec.
Kilometers/hr./sec.
Meters/sec./sec.
Centimeters/second
Feet/second
Kilometers/minute
Miles/hour
Kilograms
Grains
Grams
Parts/million
Liters
Centimeters
Inches
Feet
Mils
Atmospheres
Bars
Feet of water
Kilograms/sq. meter
Pascals
Pounds/sq. inch
Meters
Cu. feet/second
Centimeters
Inches
Cu. feet/minute
Cu. centimeters
Cu. centimeters
Degrees
Quadrants
Radians
Seconds
N
Nepers
Newton-meters
Newton-meters
Newtons
Newtons
Newtons
Newtons
Newtons/sq. meter
1
8.686
.7376
1
100,000
.1020
1
.2248
1
Newtons
Decibels
Foot-pounds
Joules
Dynes
Kilograms
Kilogram-meters/sec.2
Pounds
Pascals
37
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Oersteds
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces (fluid)
Ounces (fluid)
Ounces (troy)
Ounces (troy)
Ounces (troy)
Ounces (troy)
Ounces (troy)
Ounces/sq. inch
79.58
16
437.5
28.349527
.9115
.0625
2.790x10-5
2.835x10-5
1.805
.02957
480
31.103481
1.09714
20
.08333
.0625
Amperes/meter
Drams
Grains
Grams
Ounces (troy)
Pounds
Tons (long)
Tons (metric)
Cubic inches
Liters
Grains
Grams
Ounces
Pennyweights (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds/sq. inch
Pa
Parts/million
Parts/million
Parts/million
Pascals
Pascals
Pascals
Pascals
Pecks
Pecks
Pecks
Pecks
Pennyweights (troy)
Pennyweights (troy)
Pennyweights (troy)
Pennyweights (troy)
Pi
Picas
Pints (dry)
Pints (liquid)
Pints (liquid)
Pints (liquid)
Pints (liquid)
Pints (liquid)
Pints (liquid)
Pints (liquid)
Points
1
.0584
.07016
8.345
9.869x10-6
.00001
1
1.450x10-4
.25
537.605
8.810
8
24
1.55517
.05
.004167
1
.1660
33.60
473.2
.01671
28.87
6.189x10-4
.125
.4732
.5
.01384
Pascals
Grains/gallon
Grains/Imp. gallon
Pounds/million gallons
Atmospheres
Bars
Newtons/sq. meter
Pounds/sq. inch
Bushels
Cubic inches
Liters
Quarts (dry)
Grains
Grams
Ounces (troy)
Pounds (troy)
3.141592654
Inches
Cu. inches
Cu. centimeters
Cu. feet
Cu. inches
Cu. yards
Gallons
Liters
Quarts (liquid)
Inches
38
Multiply
Poise
Pound-feet
Pound-feet
Pound-feet
Poundals
Poundals
Poundals
Poundals
Poundals
Poundals
Poundals
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds (troy)
Pounds of water
Pounds of water
Pounds of water
Pounds of water/min.
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic inch
Pounds/cubic inch
Pounds/cubic inch
Pounds/foot
Pounds/inch
Pounds/sq. foot
Pounds/sq. foot
Pounds/sq. foot
By
1
13,560,000
13,825
.1383
13,826
14.10
.001383
.1383
.01410
.1383
.03108
256
444,823
7000
453.59237
.04448
.45359237
.004448
4.448
16
14.5833
32.17
1.21528
.0005
5760
373.24177
13.1657
12
240
.822857
4.1143x10-4
3.6735x10-4
3.7324x10-4
.01602
27.68
.1198
2.670x10-4
.01602
16.02
5.787x10-4
27.68
27,680
1728
1.488
178.6
.01602
4.883
.006945
39
To Obtain
Grams/centimeter-sec.
Centimeter-dynes
Centimeter-grams
Meter-kilograms
Dynes
Grams
Joules/centimeter
Joules/meter
Kilograms
Newtons
Pounds
Drams
Dynes
Grains
Grams
Joules/centimeter
Kilograms
KiloNewtons
Newtons
Ounces
Ounces (troy)
Poundals
Pounds (troy)
Tons
Grains
Grams
Ounces
Ounces (troy)
Pennyweights (troy)
Pounds
Tons
Tons (long)
Tons (metric)
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Gallons
Cu. feet/second
Kilograms/cu. meter
Pounds/cu. inch
Kilograms/cu. meter
Pounds/cu. foot
Kilograms/meter
Grams/centimeter
Feet of water
Kilograms/sq. meter
Pounds/sq. inch
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Pounds/sq. inch
Pounds/sq. inch
Pounds/sq. inch
Pounds/sq. inch
Pounds/sq. inch
Pounds/sq. inch
Pounds/sq. inch
Pounds/sq. inch
.06804
.06895
2.307
2.036
703.1
6.897
.006897
6897
Atmospheres
Bars
Feet of water
Inches of mercury
Kilograms/sq. meter
KiloPascals
MegaPascals
Pascals
Quadrants (angle)
Quadrants (angle)
Quadrants (angle)
Quarts (dry)
Quarts (dry)
Quarts (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Quarts (liquid)
Quintals
Quintals
Quintals (Argentinean)
Quintals (Brazilian)
Quintals (Peruvian)
Quintals (Chilean)
Quintals (Mexican)
Quires
90
5400
1.571
67.20
1.164
946.4
.03342
57.75
9.464x10-4
.25
.9463
.8594
100
220.5
101.28
129.54
101.43
101.41
101.47
25
Degrees
Minutes
Radians
Cubic inches
Quarts (liquid)
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Gallons
Liters
Quarts (dry)
Kilograms
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Sheets
Radians
Radians
Radians
Radians/second
Radians/second
Radians/second
Radians/sec./sec.
Radians/sec./sec.
Reams
Revolutions
Revolutions
Revolutions
Revolutions/minute
Revolutions/minute
57.30
3438
.6366
57.30
9.549
.1592
573.0
.1592
500
360
4
6.283
6
.1047
Degrees
Minutes
Quadrants
Degrees/second
Revolutions/minute
Revolutions/second
Revolutions/min./min.
Revolutions/sec./sec
Sheets
Degrees
Quadrants
Radians
Degrees/second
Radians/second
40
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Revolutions/minute
Revolutions/second
Revolutions/second
Revolutions/second
Revolutions/sec./sec.
Rods
Rods
Rods
Rods
.01667
.001745
2.778x10-4
360
6.283
60
6.283
3600
.25
16.5
5.029
5.5
Revolutions/second
Radians/sec./sec.
Degrees/second
Radians/second
Revolutions/minute
Radians/sec./sec.
Chains
Feet
Meters
Yards
S
Scruples
Seconds (angle)
Seconds (angle)
Seconds (angle)
Seconds (angle)
Siemens
Slugs
Slugs
Square centimeters
Square centimeters
Square centimeters
Square centimeters
Square centimeters
Square feet
Square feet
Square feet
Square feet
Square feet
Square feet
Square inches
Square inches
Square inches
Square inches
Square inches
Square kilometers
Square kilometers
Square kilometers
Square kilometers
Square kilometers
Square meters
Square meters
Square meters
1
20
2.778x10-4
.01667
3.087x10-6
4.848x10-6
1
14.59
32.17
197,300
.001076
.1550
10-4
100
2.296x10-5
929.0
144
.09290
3.587x10-8
.1111
1,273,000
6.452
.006944
645.2
1,000,000
247.1
10,760,000
1,000,000
.3861
1,196,000
2.471x10-4
10.76
3.861x10-7
Siemens
Grains
Degrees
Minutes
Quadrants
Radians
Mhos
Kilograms
Pounds
Circular mils
Square feet
Square inches
Square meters
Square millimeters
Acres
Square centimeters
Square inches
Square meters
Square miles
Square yards
Circular mils
Square centimeters
Square feet
Square millimeters
Square mils
Acres
Square feet
Square meters
Square miles
Square yards
Acres
Square feet
Square miles
41
Multiply
By
To Obtain
Square meters
Square miles
Square miles
Square miles
Square miles
Square millimeters
Square millimeters
Square millimeters
Square mils
Square yards
Square yards
Square yards
Square yards
Square yards
Stokes
1.196
640
27,878,400
2.590
3,097,600
1,973
.01
.001550
1.273
2.066x10-4
9
1,296
.8361
3.228x10-7
.0001
Square yards
Acres
Square feet
Square kilometers
Square yards
Circular mils
Square centimeters
Square inches
Circular mils
Acres
Square feet
Square inches
Square meters
Square miles
Sq. meters/second
T
Teslas
Therms
Tonne
Tons
Tons
Tons
Tons
Tons
Tons
Tons
Tons (long)
Tons (long)
Tons (long)
Tons (metric)
Tons (metric)
Tons (register)
Tons (refrigeration)
Torr
Torr
Torr
1
1
105.5
1
907.18486
32,000
29166.66
2000
2430.56
.89286
.90718
1016
2240
1.12
1000
2205
100
3.517
1.3349
.16643
83.333
.001333
133.3
.01934
Teslas
Webers/sq. meter
Megajoules
Ton (metric)
Kilograms
Ounces
Ounces (troy)
Pounds
Pounds (troy)
Tons (long)
Tons (metric)
Kilograms
Pounds
Tons
Kilograms
Pounds
Cubic feet
Kilowatts
Cu. feet/hour
Gallons/minute
Pounds water/hr.
Bars
Pascals
Pounds/sq. inch
Volts
42
Multiply
By
To Obtain
W
Watt-hours
Watt-hours
Watt-hours
Watt-hours
Watt-hours
Watt-hours
Watt-hours
Watt-hours
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Wb
Webers
Webers
Webers/sq. inch
Webers/sq. inch
Webers/sq. inch
Webers/sq. inch
Webers/sq. meter
Webers/sq. meter
Webers/sq. meter
Webers/sq. meter
Webers/sq. meter
1
3.412
860.4
3.6x1010
2655
.001341
.8604
367.1
.001
3.412
.05687
107
44.25
.7376
.001341
.001360
.01434
.001
1
100,000
108
1.550x107
108
.1550
1,550
10,000
64,520
1
.0001
6.452x10-4
Watts
B.T.U.
Calories (gram)
Ergs
Foot-pounds
Horsepower-hours
Kilocalories
Kilogram-meters
Kilowatt-hours
B.T.U./hour
B.T.U./minute
Ergs/second
Foot-pounds/minute
Foot-pounds/second
Horsepower
Horsepower (metric)
Kilocalories/minute
Kilowatts
Webers
Kilolines
Maxwells
Gausses
Lines/sq. inch
Webers/sq. meter
Gausses
Lines/sq. inch
Teslas
Webers/sq. inch
Yards
Yards
Yards
Yards
Yards
Yards
Yards
91.44
3
36
9.114x10-4
.9144
5.682x10-4
4.934x10-4
Centimeters
Feet
Inches
Kilometers
Meters
Miles
Miles (nautical)
43
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45
RIGHT TRIANGLES
B
c
A
Known
Sides and Angles
a and b
a and c
b and c
a and A
a and B
b and A
b and B
c and A
c and B
C = 90
Unknown
Sides and Angles
c = a2 + b2
b = c2 - a2
a = c2 - b2
b=
a
tan A
b = a x tan B
a = b x tan A
a=
b
tan B
a = c x sin A
a = c x cos B
a
b
B = arc tan
a
c
B = arc cos
b
c
B = arc sin
A = arc tan
A = arc sin
A = arc cos
Area
b
a
axb
a
c
a x c2 - a2
b
c
b x c2 - b2
a
sin A
B = 90- A
c= a
cos B
A = 90- B
b
cos A
B = 90- A
b
sin B
A = 90- B
c=
c=
c=
b = c x cos A
b = c x sin B
46
2
a2
2 x tan A
a 2 x tan B
2
b 2 x tan A
2
b2
2 x tan B
B = 90- A
A = 90 B
c 2 sin A cos A
2
c 2 cos B sin B
2
OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
B
c
A
Known
Sides and Angles
A=
b
Unknown
Sides and Angles
B=
2
2
2
All three sides arc cosb + c - a arc sin b x sin A
a, b, c
2bc
a
Two sides
and the angle
between them
a, b, C
Area
C=
180 - A - B
a x b x sin C
2
B=
a
x
sin
C
a 2+b 2-(2abxcosC) arc tanb-(a x cosC) 180 - A - C
a x b x sin C
2
c=
Two sides
and the angle
B=
opposite one
of the sides
b x sin A
arc sin
a, b, A
a
(B less
than 90)
Two sides
B=
and the angle
180 opposite one
of the sides
arc sin b x sin A
a, b, A
a
(B greater
than 90)
One side
and two
angles
a,A,B
b=
a x sin B
sin A
A=
C=
c=
180 - A - B
a x sin C
sin A
C=
c=
180 - A - B
C=
180 - A - B
47
a x sin C
sin A
c=
a x sin C
sin A
a x b x sin C
2
a x b x sin C
2
a x b x sin C
2
SYSTEM
Same great
product, but
with these
advantages:
Exclusively made in the USA
Complete interchangeability with all
components of the similar mounting
system previously offered by Carr Lane
Now lower price!
5-AXIS
+
QUICK
CHANGE
=
MAXIMUM
UTILIZATION
Use Carr Lanes Quintus quick-change
riser to mount vises, fixture plates, or
your custom clamping device
By design, the CL5 system accepts our German-built, extremely
accurate vises on precision plates made in the USA
Achieve 5-side part access and quick-change flexibility
Numerous jaw types and sizes available
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NOTES
NOTES
DECIMALEQUIVALENTS
1
64
.015625
1
32
.03125
3
64
.046875
1
8
1
16 .0625
5
64
.078125
3
32
.09375
7
64
.109375
3
16
1
4
5
16
3
8
7
16
1
2
.125
9
.140625
64
5
32
.15625
11
64
.171875
.1875
13
64
.203125
7
32
.21875
15
64
.234375
.25
17
64
.265625
9
32
.28125
19
64
.296875
.3125
21
64
.328125
11
32
.34375
23
64
.359375
.375
25
64
.390625
13
32
.40625
27
64
.421875
.4375
29
64
.453125
15
32
.46875
31
64
.48375
.5
17
32
9
16
.53125
35
64 .546875
.5625
19
32
5
8
37
64 .578125
.59375
39
64 .609375
.625
21
32
11
16
41
64 .640625
.65625
43
64 .671875
.6875
23
32
3
4
45
64 .703125
.71875
47
64 .734375
.75
25
32
13
16
49
64 .765625
.78125
51
64 .796875
.8125
27
32
7
8
53
64 .828125
.84375
55
64 .859375
.875
29
32
15
16
57
64 .890625
.90625
59
64 .921875
.9375
31
32
1
33
64 .515625
61
64 .953125
.96875
63
64 .984375
1.

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Thread Sizes and Tap Drills......................................2

Counterbored Holes for Cap Screws ........................6

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing ................7

Clamping Force of Standard Clamp Straps............13

Machinability Comparison of Various Metals ..........15

Conversion Factors for Units of Measure ..............24

* Coarse series shown in bold. Pitch callout not required on

USA DRILL SIZES

METRIC DRILL SIZES

USA SOCKET-HEAD CAP SCREWS

METRIC SOCKET-HEAD CAP SCREWS

A flag which designates a physical feature

Callouts occasionally needed to designate

Cylindrical Tolerance Zone

A box around any drawing dimension

This symbol, commonly used to indicate a

Maximum Material Condition

Least Material Condition

Abbreviation: MMC. A tolerance modifier

Abbreviation: LMC. A tolerance modifier

Regardless of Feature Size

Projected Tolerance Zone

Abbreviation: RFS. A tolerance modifier

An additional specification box attached

All points on the indicated surface

All points on the indicated surface

If the indicated surface were

All points on any full slice of the

All points on the indicated surface

All points on the indicated

All points on the indicated surface

All points on the indicated

Each circular element of the

The entire indicated surface is

If the indicated surface were

The indicated features axis

TYPICAL SURFACE FINISHES PRODUCED

*Clean, dry clamping stud torqued to approximately 33% of its

AISI/SAE NUMBERING SYSTEM

L denotes leaded steels

Plain Carbon, Mn 1.00% max

Resulfurized Free Machining

Plain Carbon, Mn 1.00-1.65%

Ni 1.82%, Cr .50-.80%, Mo .25%

Ni 1.05%, Cr .45%, Mo .20-.35%

50XXX Cr .50%, C 1.00% min

Ni .30%, Cr .40%, Mo .12%

Ni .55%, Cr .50%, Mo .20%

Ni .55%, Cr .50%, Mo .25%

Ni .55%, Cr .50%, Mo .35%

Si 1.40-2.00%, Mn .65-.85%, Cr 0-.65%

Ni 3.25%, Cr 1.20%, Mo .12%

Ni .45%, Cr .40%, Mo .12%

Ni .55%, Cr .20%, Mo .20%

Ni 1.00%, Cr .80%, Mo .25%

2355 Annealed .................70%

Stainless Steels and Super Alloys:

Gray Cast Iron:

60-40-18 Annealed ..........61%

420 Annealed ................45%