NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

SPECTROSCOPY
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS SPECTROSCOPY?
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of
electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Most of what we know about the structure of atoms and
molecules comes from studying their interaction with molecules comes from studying their interaction with
light (electromagnetic radiation). Different regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum provide different kinds of
information as a result of such interactions.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a
phenomenon which occurs when the
nuclei of certain atoms are immersed in a
static magnetic field and exposed to an
oscillating electromagnetic field. oscillating electromagnetic field.
Some nuclei experience this
phenomenon, and others do not,
dependent upon whether they possess a
property called spin.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the use of
the NMR phenomenon to study physical, chemical, and
biological properties of matter.
As a consequence, NMR spectroscopy finds applications
in several areas of science.
NMR spectroscopy is routinely used by chemists to study
chemical structure using simple one-dimensional
techniques.
Two-dimensional techniques are used to determine the
structure of more complicated molecules.
The versatility of NMR makes it pervasive in the
sciences.
SPIN
The nuclei of some atoms have a property called SPIN.
NUCLEAR SPIN NUCLEAR SPIN
These nuclei behave as if
they were spinning.
.. we dont know if they actually do spin!
This is like the spin property
of an electron, which can have
two spins: +1/2 and -1/2 .
Each spin-active nucleus has a number of spins defined by
its spin quantum number, I.
COMMON NUCLEI WITH SPIN
Nuclei Unpaired Protons Unpaired Neutrons Net Spin
1
H 1 0 1/2
2
H 1 1 1
31
P 1 0 1/2
23
Na 1 2 3/2 Na 1 2 3/2
14
N 1 1 1
13
C 0 1 1/2
19
F 1 0 1/2
A nucleus with an odd atomic number or an
odd mass number has a nuclear spin.
The spinning charged nucleus generates a
magnetic field.
Nuclear Spin
When placed in an external field, spinning protons
act like bar magnets.
External Magnetic Field
The magnetic fields of
the spinning nuclei
will align either with
the external field, or
against the field.
Two Energy States
against the field.
A photon with the right
amount of energy can
be absorbed and
cause the spinning
proton to flip.
NMR Nobel Prize Laureates
BOOKS:
H. Gnther, NMR Spectroscopy
M.Lewitt, Spin Dynamics: Basics of Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance
J. Keeler, Understanding NMR Spectroscopy
Donald Pavia, Spectroscopy
DEROME, Modern NMR techniques for chemists. DEROME, Modern NMR techniques for chemists.