1

Figure 16.1

Using Figure 16.1, match the following:

1) Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual
characteristics at puberty.

2) Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain.

3) Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristics.

4) Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

5) Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ.
1. Answer: D

2. Answer: B

3. Answer: E

4. Answer: C

5. Answer: A
2

Figure 16.2

Using Figure 16.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone
targets:

6) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).

7) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

8) Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH).

9) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

10) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
6. Answer: A

7. Answer: C

8. Answer: B

9. Answer: E

10. Answer: D
3
Match the following:

A) Pituitary dwarfism
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Addisons disease
D) Graves disease
E) Acromegaly

11) An autoimmune problem
involving the thyroid gland.

12) Hyposecretion of growth
hormone.

13) Hyposecretion of the
pancreas.

14) Hyposecretion of the adrenal
cortex.

15) Hypersecretion of growth
hormone.
11) D
12) A
13) B
14) C
15) E
4
Match the following:

A) Cretinism
B) Myxedema
C) Cushings disease
D) Acromegaly

16) Hyposecretion of the thyroid
in adults.

17) Hypersecretion of the adrenal
cortex.

18) Hypersecretion of growth
hormone.

19) Hyposecretion of the thyroid
in infants.
16) B
17) C
18) D
19) A
5
Match the following:

A) Parathyroid
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Pancreas
D) Thyroid
E) Hypophysis

20) The size and shape of a pea;
produces hormones that
stimulate other endocrine
glands.

21) The gland that controls the
fight-or-flight reaction.

22) Produces hormones that
regulate glucose levels in the
body.

23) Produces a hormone that
controls blood levels of
calcium and potassium by
their removal from bone
tissue.

24) Produces the bodys major
metabolic hormones.
20) E
21) B
22) C
23) A
24) D
6
True/False Questions
1) In humans, melatonin may inhibit sexual maturation.
Answer: TRUE
7
2) The antagonistic hormones that regulate the blood calcium level are calcitonin-parathormone.
Answer: TRUE
8
3) The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin.
Answer: FALSE
9
4) The endocrine structure that develops from the nervous system is the anterior pituitary.
Answer: FALSE
10
5) Both turn on factors (hormonal, humoral, and neural stimuli) and turn off factors
(feedback
inhibition and others) may be modulated by the activity of the nervous system.
Answer: TRUE
11
6) ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.
Answer: TRUE
12
7) LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin.
Answer: TRUE
13
8) The only known effect of prolactin in humans is to produce impotence in males.
Answer: FALSE
14
9) Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.
Answer: TRUE
15
10) Follicle cells of the thyroid gland produce thyroglobulin, while follicle cells of the
parathyroid
produce calcitonin.
Answer: FALSE
16
11) The thyroid gland is embedded in the parathyroid tissue.
Answer: FALSE
17
12) The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis.
Answer: TRUE
18
13) The beta cells are the pancreatic islet cells that produce insulin.
Answer: TRUE
19
14) Most Type II diabetics do not produce insulin.
Answer: FALSE
20
15) Peptide hormones enter the target cells and elicit a response by mediating neurotransmitter
effects.
Answer: FALSE
21
16) Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that has destructive effects on the skeletal system.
Answer: FALSE
22
17) Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid produced in the adrenals but the least
abundant.
Answer: FALSE
23
18) Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing the
urinary excretion of sodium.
Answer: TRUE
24
19) While glucagon is a small polypeptide, it is nevertheless very potent in its regulatory effects.
Answer: TRUE
25
20) The thyroid gland is a large gland that controls metabolic functions throughout the life of an
individual.
Answer: TRUE
26
21) Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are chemically identical to brain
neurotransmitters.
Answer: TRUE
27
22) All of the following hormones are secreted by the adenohypophysis: ACTH, FSH, and LH.
Answer: TRUE
28
23) Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.
Answer: TRUE
29
24) The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person has a high metabolic rate is
the parathyroid.
Answer: FALSE
30
25) Growth hormone always exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce
hormones.
Answer: FALSE
31
26) Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus are both caused by a genetic mutation involving the
synthesis of insulin.
Answer: FALSE
32
27) The stimulus for calcitonin release is usually excessive amounts of growth hormone
synthesis
Answer: FALSE
33
28) Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an
individual is suffering from severe stress.
Answer: FALSE
34
29) Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system.
Answer: FALSE
35
30) All peptide hormone synthesis requires gene activation that produces mRNA.
Answer: TRUE
36
31) All adenohypophyseal hormones except GH affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP
second-messenger.
Answer: TRUE