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TRANSFORMERLESS
UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY
(UPS) SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) IS A DEVICE THAT HAS AN
ALTERNATE SOURCE OF ENERGY THAT CAN PROVIDE POWER WHEN THE
PRIMARY POWER SOURCE IS TEMPORARILY DISABLED.
UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) SYSTEMS ARE EMPLOYED TO
SUPPLY THE CRITICAL LOADS..
CRITICAL LOADS INCLUDES HOSPITALS, DATA CENTERS, AND
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ETC
TRANSFORMERLESS UPS PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED INTO THE
MARKET TO MEET THE NEED FOR LIGHTER, MORE COMPACT THREE-PHASE
UPS SYSTEMS.
TRANSFORMERLESS UPS SYSTEMS PROVIDE SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER INPUT
POWER FACTOR AND CURRENT TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION THAN THE
UPS WITH ISOLATION TRANSFORMER .
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WORKING OF TRANSFORMER
BASED UPS
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Rectifier
1. Under normal condition current from mains flows through the bypass
line and also charge the battery.
2. When there is a power failure current flows from battery to inverter,
static switch closes towards inverter side.
Rectifier
USE OF TRANSFORMER IN
UPS
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Two transformers is used, one at input side and other at
output side
Input transformer provides isolation between ac and dc link.
Output transformer step up 120vac to 240vdc.
TRANSFORMERLESS
UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER
SUPPLY
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800Vac
1) Instead of transformer a dc to dc converter is used.
2) Dc to dc convertors step-up 340Vdc to 800Vdc.
3) Inverter converts 800Vdc to240v ac in case of single phase supply.
TRANSFORMERLESS UPS
TOPOLOGIES
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The single-phase modern transformerless UPS circuit (employing three-level inverter output stage) diagram
The rectifier part of the UPS consists PWM boost rectifier. PWM boost rectifier provides constant
output DC bus voltage, low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the mains currents and a fully
controllable power factor.
Half bridge inverter topology is used in the inverter unit which needs a common neutral point.
There also exist other inverter topologies such as the four-leg inverter with the use of four-leg
inverter topology; there is no need for a common neutral point in the DC busbar.
TWO-LEVEL AND THREE- LEVEL
INVERTER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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Two-level inverter topology,(b) three- level inverter circuit topology diagram.
Three-level inverter topology becomes attractive at both the input and output stages of the transformerless UPS
system.
Two-level inverter, the phase to neutral output voltage is composed of switching voltages of Vdc/2 and -Vdc/2.
So the stress on the filtering elements are higher, large output filter is needed. Besides, the switching losses of the
IGBTs are high due to the switching of total DC bus voltage.
The three-level inverter case, the phase to neutral output voltage is composed of switching voltages of Vdc/2, 0
and -Vdc/2.
So the stress on the output filter elements and the IGBT losses is smaller. So the overall efficiency of the
three-level inverter is higher than the two-level inverter.
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Three-phase transformerless
UPS circuit diagram
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Three-phase transformerless UPS circuit diagram
oIf the UPS fails, the load is bypassed to raw mains by means of the static-switch by-
pass circuit.
oThe by-pass circuit also allows the UPS to operate with high energy efficiency
during the non-critical load operating hours in a facility, this is called eco-mod
operation.
o Due to eco-mode operation efficiency of ups is increased by 4%.
SINGLE PHASE UPS
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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Input voltage and current waveforms
of the 6kVA single- phase UPS at
100% load (C1: 100V/div, C2:
20A/div, andtime: 5ms/div)
Input current harmonic spectrum
of the 6kVA single- phase UPS
at 100% load
A 6 kVA rated single-phase modern
transformerless UPS (half size of
that with the transformer).
INPUT VOLTAGE AND
CURRENT WAVEFORMS
INPUT CURRENT
HARMONIC
SPECTRUM
SIZE OF UPS
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Output voltage and current waveforms
of the 6kVA single-phase UPS at 100%
nonlinear load (C1: 100V/div, C2:
20A/div, and time: 5ms/div)
Output voltage harmonic spectrumof
the 6kVA single- phase UPS at 100%
nonlinear load
The energy efficiency curve of the
6kVA single-phase UPS under
linear resistive load
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
AND CURRENT
WAVEFORMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
HARMONIC
SPECTRUM
EFFICIENCY
CURVE
Three Phase UPS Experimental
Results
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Input Voltage And Current Waveforms Of
The 60 KvaThree-phase Transformerless
Ups At 100% Load
INPUT VOLTAGE AND
CURRENT WAVEFORMS
Input current harmonic table of the 60
kVAthree-phase transformerless UPS
at 100% load
INPUT CURRENT
HARMONIC TABLE A 60 kVA rated three-
phase modern
transformerless UPS
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Output voltage and current waveforms
of the 60 kVA three-phase UPS at 100%
nonlinear load
Output voltage harmonic table of the
60 kVA three- phase transformerless
UPS at 100% nonlinear load
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
HARMONIC TABLE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND
CURRENT
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CONCLUSION
TransformerlessUPS systems have utility friendly input
performance and high quality output voltage waveform.
Smaller size, higher efficiency, and increased reliability.
UPS line side power factor being near unity and line current
THD being less than 5% over a wide load range.
The output voltage quality is very high.
The new technology transformerlessUPS systems are
currently under heavy R&D investigation around the world.
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