What are the main ingredients in . . .

1. Fluoride varnish
- Fluoride varnish can reduce caries in the primary and permanent dentition.
- Fluoride varnishes contain the highest level of fluoride of nay therapeutic agent.
- Duraphat contains 5% sodium fluoride by weight at a fluoride concentration of
22,600ppm ( 1 ml of varnish contains 22.6 mg of fluoride)
- For children younger than 10 with a high caries risk, fluoride varnishes should be
used. Fluoride gels and foams should not be used because the risk of inadvertent
ingestion of gels and foams.

2. Tooth paste
i. Water
ii. Humectant: keeps paste moist
iii. Abrasive: removes stains and plaque and polishes teeth most commonly
silica.
iv. Detergents: reduce surface tension, enhance cleaning, and loosen food particles.
v. Flavours: fresh, clean taste and after taste.
vi. Colouring, binders: Stabilise and hold ingredients together.
vii. Therapeutic agents: Fluoride, triclosan, arginine/calcium carbonate, potassium
nitrate, pyrophosphate, peroxide.
- 400-500 ppm (low conc) fluoride for children up to 6 years of age to lower fluorosis
risk.
- 1000-1500 ppm (maximum concentration of fluoride found in toothpaste in
supermarkets)
- 5000 ppm: available through pharmacy and dental professionals for high risk
pateints.

3. Tooth mousse plus
- Calcium and phosphate ions are required with hydroxide and fluoride ions for the
formation of fluorhydroxyapatite or with fluoride to ions for the formation of
fluorapatite.
- In the healthy mouth, the low concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions can
limit the remineralising action of fluoride.

- Tooth mousse plus is a water based, sugar free, dental topical crme containing
CPP-ACPF (casein phosphor peptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride)
- The level of fluoride is 0.2% w/w (900 ppm).
- When CPP ACPF is applied in the oral environment, it will bind to biofilms, plaque,
bacteria, hydroxyapatite and soft tissue localising bio-available calcium,
phosphate and fluoride.
- This will help neutralise acid challenges from acidogenic bacteria in plaque. + help
neutralise acid challenges from other internal and external sources.

For patients with active caries, dental erosion, sensitivity and accelerated tooth wear
Extra protection for high risk patients eg. Sjogrens, xerostomia and head and neck
radiotherapy
During and/or after orthodontics
For patients with an acidic oral environment and gastric reflux
For patients with poor plaque control and high caries risk

4. Neutraflour 5000 +
- Neutraflour 5000+ is a high concentration fluoride toothpaste for use by patients
who have high risk of dental decay (caries).
- Scientific research concludes that when toothpaste containing a relativey high
amout of fluoride is applied to the teeth it offers increased protection aganst acid
attck from decay causing bacteria in the mouth.
- 5000 ppm fluoride.
Children under 10 years should not use.
Fissure sealants
- Preventive dental treatment, in which glass ionomer is placed in the pits and
fissures or occlusal surfaces of permanent molar teeth.
- These molar teeth are considered susceptible to dental caries due to the anatomy
(deep fissures) which may inhibit protection form saliva and fluoride and may
favour plaque accumulation.
- Part of the minimal intervention dentistry approach.
- The aim is to prevent or arrest the development of dental caries by stopping food
and bacteria accumulation (physical barrier for decay)
INDICATIONS
- Deep fissures
- Incomplete or ill formed pits.
- Newly erupted teeth.
- Molars.
SEALANT FAILURE
- Debris and/or saliva contamination.
- A contaminated site from faulty technique will likely result in complete or partial
loss of the sealant within 6-12 months.
TECHNIQUE
Acid etch (phosphoric acid) = micromechanical retention bonding resin/glass ionomer

PRR
- If caries is present in one area or part of the pits and fissures that particular
caries is restored and remaining pits and fissures are protected with sealants.
- When caries is limited to enamel, a slow speed round diamond is used to remove
any decalcified enamel.
- Unfilled resin or sealant is used to restore he preparations of carious lesions.
PIEZO vs MAGNETO