Wireless

Wireless Connectivity for
Medical Applications
2
medicalsolutions@arrow.com
Wireless Connectivity in Healthcare
Applications of Wireless Connectivity in Medicine
Remote monitoring of patients with implantable devices
Chronic disease management
Wellness and preventive medicine
Telemedicine
Wireless connectivity enables:
New ways to collect more data, more frequently, and cheaper
New ways to connect patients and health care professionals
New ways to manage health, disease, and life-style
3
Potential Wireless Standards
For Medical Applications
Active RFID
Range (meters)
D
a
t
a

R
a
t
e
20 kbps
250 kbps
3 Mbps
11 Mbps
54 Mbps
300 Mbps
480 Mbps
1 10
100
Zigbee
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11a/g
Bluetooth
ULP
Bluetooth
UWB
IEEE 802.11n
Passive RFID
Passive RFID
Active RFID
Zigbee
Bluetooth Low Energy
Bluetooth
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11g
IEEE 802.11n
UWB
..also GSM/GPRS
4
Comparing Wireless Technologies
Key metrics:
Data rate
Range
Average and peak power consumption, battery life
Operating spectrum
Target packet error rate (PER) or bit error rate (BER)
Interference tolerance (co-existence)
Time to join the network
Network topology
Number of nodes that can be supported within topology
Memory requirements
Chip cost => and cost to use
Deployment volume and timing
5
Requirements of the Applications
Applications:
Chronic disease management
Vital signs monitoring
Health & wellness
Connected diagnostic devices
Biological Signal Data Rate (kbps)
Blood pressure 0.01 - 10
Pulse / Heart Rate 0.01-10 (40-200 Hz sample)
Temperature 0.01- 10
Respiration 0.01 -10 (10-80 Hz sample)
Glucose 0.01 - 10
SpO2 0.01 10
EEG 10 - 200 (500Hz sample, 12-bit ADC, up to 32 channels)
ECG 10 - 200 (500Hz sample, 12-bit ADC, up to 24 channels)
EMG 10 - 500 (500Hz sample, 16-bit ADC, up to 32 channels)
Still Images 1,000 - 2,000
6
Unlicensed and Dedicated Medical Spectrum
Europe unlicensed ISM 2 MHz 868-870 MHz
Europe unlicensed ISM3 1.74 MHz 433.05-434.79 MHz
ISM unlicensed 200 MHz 5150-5350 MHz
WMTS bands 6 MHz (1.5MHz/chan)
5 MHz
5 MHz
608-614 MHz
1395-1400 MHz
1427-1432 MHz
Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS)
bands
3MHz 402-405 MHz
ISM unlicensed 355 MHz 5470-5825 MHz
Public Safety in US 50 MHz 4940-4990 MHz
Unlicensed ISM 83.5 MHz 2400-2483.5 MHz
US unlicensed ISM 26 MHz 902-928 MHz
Wireless medical telemetry at healthcare
facilities at risk for high levels of interference
from DTV signals
42 MHz
138 MHz
54 MHz
174-216 MHz
470-608 MHz
614-668 MHz
Description Available Bandwidth Frequencies
Note: Transmission power varies by country and frequency band. Access rules need to be followed
7
Unlicensed and Dedicated Medical Spectrum
WMTS bands in Japan Type A: 8.5 KHz
Type B: 8.5kHz < BW < 16kHz
Type C: 16kHz < BW < 32kHz
Type D: 32kHz < BW < 64kHz
Type E: 64kHz < BW < 320kHz
420.05-430, 440-449.6625 MHz
420.0625-430, 440-449.6375 MHz
420.075-430, 440-449.6 MHz
420.1-430, 440-449.525 MHz
420.3-430, 440-449.425 MHz
WMTS in New Zealand 2.5 MHz 202.65-205.15 MHz
Description Available Bandwidth Frequencies
Note: Transmission power varies by country and frequency band. Access rules need to be followed
8
Existing Dedicated Medical Spectrum
MICS: Output power: 25W 9.1mV/m @ 3m, Signal BW = 300 KHz, Listen before talk (LBT)
MICS Ext: (1) Transmit only: Output power: -36 dBm, Signal BW = 100 kHz, < 0.1% duty cycle;
(2) Output power: -16 dBm, LBT with AFA
US WMTS: 608-614 MHz, Output power: 200 mW/m, Signal BW = 1.5 MHz, only data, no voice or video
US WMTS: 1395-1400, 1427-1429.5 MHz, Output power: 740 mW/m, only data, no voice or video
Japan WMTS: 420-429 MHz, 440-449 MHz, Output power: 0.001 W for BW 64 kHz, 0.01W for BW > 64 kHz,
Signal BW = 8.5, 16, 32, 64, 320 kHz, only simplex communication
MICS MICS Ext WMTS
401402 403
EU
USA
Japan
401402 405 406
401402
401402 405 406
401
420 429 402 405 440 449
608 614 1395 1400 1427 1429.5
Korea
401402
401402 405 406
Taken from IEEE 802.15-07-0871-0ban: Frequency Allocation Status of BAN by Y. Yoon et al.
9
Comparison of Wireless Technologies
3.1 10.6 GHz
~250
kB
~1 day 0.8-7.5 ~400mW 127+1 Distributed ~ 3-10 m
53-480
Mbps
UWB
860 960
MHz,
13.5 MHz
< 100 B NA NA NIL
Only 1 tag
read at one
time
Multipoint to
point,
1-way
~0.1s
per
read
0.01-3 m
868
kbps
Passive RFID
433 MHz < 1 MB
~100
days?
0.05-0.1 ~1mW
1000+ tags
read at
once
Multipoint to
point,
2-ways
< 1ms
per
read
0.01-100m
10s of
Mbps
Active RFID
2.4
GHz
50-90 kB 5-10 days 14 40mA 7+1 Star ~3s
1-10 m
(HPA: 100
m)
0.1-3
Mbps
Bluetooth
2.4
GHz
~50
kB
1 year 10.5-21 10-20mA 7+1 Star
<100
ms
5-10 m
1
Mbps
Bluetooth Low
Energy
868 MHz, 915
MHz,
2.4 GHz
30-100
kB
1000+ days 84-1050 20mA Unlimited Mesh/Star 30ms 1-100 m
20-250
kbps
Zigbee /
802.15.4
?
~0.5
MB
Memory
Needed
862-870 MHz
902-928 MHz
> 1 year
(depends
on app)
60 3mA 8+1
Star +
TDMA/FDMA
? ~ 3m 50 Kbps
Proprietary
(Sensium)
2.4 GHz 0.5-2 days 7.4-400
150-200 mA
(no PA)
255
Infrastructure,
mesh
~10s 10-100 m
1-54
Mbps
WLAN
Operating
Spectrum
Battery Life nJ/bit
Peak
Current /
Power
Network
Nodes
Network
Topology
Join
Time
Range
Data
Rate
Standard
Bluetooth / Bluetooth Low Energy
11
Overview of Bluetooth
Short-range wireless personal area network
(WPAN) technology
Geared towards voice and data applications
Voice has guaranteed QoS dedicated
slots
Data supports both symmetric and
asymmetric data rates
Operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM
band
Interference mitigated via adaptive
frequency-hopping GMSK modulation
scheme
Supported data rates: 100 kbps 3 Mbps
Typical operating range: 1 10 meters
(class 2 devices)
Master-slave topology; maximum of 8
devices within a piconet
Standardization body: Bluetooth SIG
Spectrum:
ISM band: starting at 2402 MHz
79 channels spaced 1 MHz apart
Class 2 device: typical found in practice
Nominal: 0 dBm (1 mW)
Maximum: 4 dBm (2.5 mW)
Modulation:
Rates 1 Mbps: Gaussian FSK with BT = 0.5
Rates > 1 Mbps 3 Mbps: /4-DQPSK and
8DPSK
Receiver sensitivity -70 dBm with a target
BER = 0.1%
Frequency hopping:
Hopping sequence is based on a pseudo-
random sequence
Rate: 1600 hops / sec
Normal mode: hop over 79 channels and
master/slave channels are different
Adaptive frequency mode: hop over minimum
of 15 channels and master/slave channels are
the same
12
Bluetooth Market Trends
Approximately 600Mu bluetooth-enabled handsets in 2008 growing to one
Billion Bluetooth phones by 2011 reflecting more than 70% BT Attach-Rate
(AR) in handsets
BT market is growing faster than the handset market
Notebook PC predicted to grow from 102 Mu in 2007 to ~230 Mu in 2012
Bluetooth penetration in notebooks predicted to rise from 43% in 2007 (~43Mu) to
77% (~180Mu) in 2012
BT 2.1 is the latest approved spec, introducing simple secure pairing and sniff-
mode sub-rating
New Health Device Profile (HDP) approved and released in June 2008 by the
Medical Technical Working Group (TWG)
BT SIG looking to go to higher data rates with WLAN or UWB PHY in BT 3.0
Bluetooth Low Energy
(aka ULP & WiBree)
14
Overview Bluetooth Low Energy (aka ULP/ Wibree)
Now part of Bluetooth SIG, standardized as
Ultra Low Power (ULP) Bluetooth
Designed for short bursts of traffic
Spectrum:
ISM band: starting at 2402 MHz
39 channels spaced 2 MHz apart
Power: -20 to +10dBm power
Very Short distance communication
Range of about 10m with 0dBm TX
power
Modulation:
Rates 1 Mbps: Gaussian FSK with
BT = 0.5
No frequency hopping:
Uses fixed advertisement channels for
service discovery and pairing, data
channels for communication
Sleep modes to conserve power
Allows for Scan only and broadcast only
devices
There are two types of devices:
Single mode These only support
ULP, and cannot communicate with
regular BR/EDR Bluetooth devices
Dual mode These devices support
both ULP and BR/EDR Bluetooth
devices, and can communicate with
both (time-division multiplexing)
Peak current consumption low enough to
enable use of primary lithium coin cells
Average power consumption low enough
to enable operation for one year or more
on primary batteries in many cases
Protocol optimized for low-duty cycle, low
bandwidth communcation
Low complexity keeps RAM/ROM/CPU
requirements low, enables low-cost
devices
Very fast connection times enable both
low latency and low power consumption
Good privacy and security
15
BT Classic vs. BLE: PHY Layer Comparison
BR/EDR BLE
Data rate
Range
1, 2 or 3 Mbps
1 Mbps
5-10 m
5-10 m
ISM bandwidth 2.400-2.4835 GHz
2.400-2.4835 GHz
Modulation
Mod. Index
GFSK (BR), PSK (EDR)
GFSK
0.35
0.5
Maximum Power
Sensitivity (BER=0.1%)
+20 dbm (class 1)
+10dbm
Spec: -70 dbm
BL6450: -92 dbm (BR), -86 dbm (EDR)
Frequencies
Channel Spacing
f=2402+kx2 MHz, k=0,,39 f=2402+k MHz, k=0,,78
1MHz
2MHz
Maximum Drift Rate 400 Hz/uS
400 Hz/uS
Sync Word 64 bits
32 bits
Spec: -70 dbm
BL6450: slightly better than -92 dbm
Power Control YES
NO (left for future spec release)
16
Bluetooth Classic vs. BLE:
Link Layer Comparison
BR/EDR BLE
Synchronous?
MAC Addressing
Fully Synchronous
(625uS Slot-Pairs)
Semi-Asynchronous
Scheduled connection events
48-bit IEEE Assigned
48-bit IEEE Assigned
or Private Address (random, auth.)
Topology
Star + Piconet
Pure Star (no piconet)
Packet Formats
Error Protection
Voice (SCO), Data (ACL)
Data (ACL)
Header HEC. Data FEC/CRC
CRC is 16 bits
Header + Payload are protected by 24
bit CRC
Hopping Algorithm
Data Packet Size
Permutation based on butterflies
pseudo-random modulo algorithm
(X mod N)
Maximum (ACL) 1021 bytes Maximum 31 bytes (27 in secured mode)
Roles
Device Discovery
Master, Slave, Role Switch
Master or Slave. No Role Switch
Master send page, Slave scan
Master scans, slave advertises
Whitening
YES
YES
Security
Pseudo random XOR sequence
AES-CCM (NIST approved)
Packet Composing Flow
Header: HEC->Whitening->FEC
Payload: CRC->Encryption->Whitening->FEC
Header and Payload: Encryption->CRC
17
WLAN
Roadmap
(WiLINK)
ULP
Roadmap
2009 2010 2008 Mass production
BT
Roadmap
802.15.4 /
Zigbee
Roadmap
BSN
Roadmap
Wireless Portfolio & Roadmap
6150
BT 2.0
130nm
6300
BT 2.0+EDR
90nm
6350
BT 2.1+EDR
90nm
6450
BT 2.1+EDR
65nm
SG2
BSN
Proprietary
130nm
SG1
BSN
Proprietary
130nm
CC2431
802.15.4
+Zigbee
+Location
180nm
CC2540
2.4GHz SOC
Wibree/ULP
Proprietary
180nm
CC2530
802.15.4
+Zigbee
SOC
180nm
CC2430
802.15.4
+Zigbee
180nm
Legend
In design
Under Study
Shipping/Sampling
WL1251
802.11 bg
90nm
WL1271
/3
802.11 abgn
BT 2.1+EDR
Wibree/ULP
65nm
WL1253
802.11 abg
90nm
MICS
Proprietary
130nm
CC1110/1
<1GHz SOC
+USB
Proprietary
180nm
-- BT / BLE Products
CC1101
<1GHz TRX
Proprietary
180nm
WL1271
/3 +ULP
802.11 abgn
BT 2.1+EDR
FM (Rx/Tx)
65nm
WL1281/3
WLAN
GPS
BT/ULP/FM
65nm
6460
BT 2.1+EDR
ULP
65nm
18
Bluetooth / BLE Roadmap
2008 2009 2010
BT6350
BT ver 2.1
BT6450
BT ver 2.1/
BLE ready
WL1271/3
BT ver 2.1 / BLE
BT6460
BT ver 2.1 /
ULP Compliant
ULP Compliance:
0.9 revision spec Nov 2008
1.0 revision of spec J un 2009
ULP Compliance:
0.9 revision spec Nov 2008
1.0 revision of spec J un 2009
CC2540
ULP 1.0
Compliant
ULP Only:
8051 uC; 64KB/ 128 KB Flash
ULP Only:
8051 uC; 64KB/ 128 KB Flash
19
CC2540 System-on-a-chip (SoC)
Single-cycle 8051 MCU with 64/128/256 kB in-
system programmable Flash, 4 kB SRAM
Fully-integrated single-mode ULP Bluetooth
radio
21 configurable digital I/O pins with
interrupt/wake-up
Digital peripherals
2 USART (UART or SPI)
Full-speed (12 Mbps) USB 2.0 interface
2x 16 bit, 2x 8-bit timers, dedicated Link Layer timer for ULP
Bluetooth protocol timing
AES-128 encryption/decryption in HW
Advanced analog peripherals
200 ksmpl/s 8-12 bit delta-sigma ADC
Ultra-low-power analog comparator
Integrated high-performance op-amp
<1uA with Sleep Timer running at 32kHz
All in a 40-pin 6x6x0.85mm QFN package
USB_P
GND
P1_7
P1_6
P1_5
P1_4
P1_3
P1_2
USB_M
CC2540
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
P
1
_
0
P
0
_
0
P
0
_
1
P
0
_
2
P
0
_
3
D
V
D
D
P
0
_
4
P
0
_
5
P
0
_
6
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
AVDD
XOSC_Q1
RESET_N
RF_P
RF_N
AVDD
AVDD
XOSC_Q2
AVDD
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
P
2
_
4
P
2
_
2
D
V
D
D
P
2
_
0
P
2
_
1
P
2
_
3
A
V
D
D
A
V
D
D
D
C
O
U
P
L
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
5
3
6
3
7
3
8
3
9
P1_1 10
P
0
_
7
2
0
R_BIAS 30
D
V
D
D
4
0
20
Zigbee / 802.15.4
21
ZigBee
What is ZigBee?
ZigBee is an open global standard for
wireless monitoring and control
applications
ZigBee supports mesh networks which
creates reliable and robust networks
Why ZigBee?
The ZigBee alliance main focus is to
standardize and enable interoperability
of products within home, building and
industrial automation.
Reliable wireless networks with low
complexity and low cost
Various types of equipment from any
number of vendors can be integrated
Require very little power (E.g. a light
switch can run for years on inexpensive
batteries)
Shorten development time by using a
standardized and tested platform
Zigbee Characteristics:
Very low duty cycle, very long primary
battery life applications as well as
mains-powered.
Static and dynamic mesh, cluster tree
and star network structures with
potentially a very large number of
client units.
Low wake up and latency features.
Ability to remain quiescent for long
periods of time without communicating
to the network.
Data rates of 250 kb/s, 40 kb/s and 20
kb/s.
Reliable and easy to configure and
deploy.
Self Healing network.
Fully handshaked protocol for transfer
reliability.
22
Zigbee Networks
Three Device Types: Coordinator, Router and End Device.
Mesh Network support hundreds of nodes.
Network is Self Healing and easily configured.
Two addressing modes:: 16 bit short and 64 bit IEEE addressing.
Point to Point
Star Network
Multihop Mesh and cluster tree Networks
ZigBee Coordinator
ZigBee Router
ZigBee End Device
23
Zigbee Frequency Bands and Data Rates
BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE # OF CHANNEL(S)
2.4 GHz ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 16
868 MHz Europe 20 kbps 1
915 MHz ISM Americas 40 kbps 10
24
IEEE 802.15.4-2003
superceded by
IEEE 802.15.4-2006
IEEE 802.15.4
2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz
PHY Layer
MAC Layer
Silicon ZigBee Stack Application
Texas
Instruments
Applications
User
Application Profiles ZigBee or User
Network and Security
Layers
Application Framework
ZigBee
ZigBee v1.0 (Dec 04)
ZigBee 2006 (Sept 06)
ZigBee Pro (Q1 07)
K
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a
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h
_
0
1'0
IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee
25
IEEE 802.15.4 2.4 GHz Silicon Performance
103 dB 95 dB 82 dB RF Link Budget
+ 5 dBm 0 dBm -3 dBm Output Power (Lowest maximum)
53
38 dB
-95 dBm
1st Gen
30 dB
0 dB
-85 dBm
Spec
54 dB Alternate Channel Rejection
49 dB Adjacent Channel Rejection
-98 Receive Sensitivity
2nd Gen Parameter
Texas Instruments theleading provider of IEEE 802.15.4
26
CC2520
Highly cost effective
-98dBm Sensitivity
+5dBm Output Power
>400m Line of Sight range
Extremely good selectivity
50dB ACR
Robust radio
Extensive MAC support and AES-128
Direct downconversion/upconversion
1.8 3.8 V , -40 to +125 C
18.5 mA RX current
Small form factor, QFN-28, 5x5mm

RF_core
Address
filtering
GPIO5
IO
SPI
Instruction
decoder
Clock/
reset
RAM
DPU
GPIO4
GPIO3
GPIO2
G
P
I
O
1
G
P
I
O
0
SO
SI
CSn
Exception
controller
A
D
C
A
D
C
D
A
C
D
A
C
LPF
TX MIX
PA
RX MIX
AAF
LNA
AES
Modulator
Synthesizer FSM
FS
REF
DIV
XOSC
X
O
S
C
3
2
M
_
Q
2
X
O
S
C
3
2
M
_
Q
1
B
u
s

c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
Global
bias
Atest
S
C
L
K
R
E
S
E
T
n
R
B
I
A
S
RF_N
RF_P
ADI
Vreg
D
C
O
U
P
L
V
R
E
G
_
E
N
Demod
A
G
C
PS
BIST
ADI
2
nd
Gen IEEE 802.15.4 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver
Features
Wireless LAN
28
Overview of WLAN
Wireless local area network (WLAN) technology
Geared towards data-centric applications
Data-centric applications: web browsing, file transfers (mostly non-QOS
apps)
IEEE 802.11e MAC extension to provide some level of QoS
Operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band
Interference mitigated via coding IEEE (802.11a/g/n), spreading (IEEE 802.11b)
Supported data rates:
IEEE 802.11b: 1 11 Mbps
IEEE 802.11a/g: 6 54 Mbps
IEEE 802.11n: 6 300+ Mbps
Typical operating range: 1 100 meters
Transmit power: IEEE 802.11b (17 dBm), IEEE 802.11a/g/n (13-15 dBm per
antenna)
Infrastructure mode (255 devices), ad-hoc mode (point-point), mesh networking
Standardization body: IEEE and Wi-Fi Alliance
29
Overview of IEEE 802.11n
Extension of the IEEE 802.11a/g to multiple radios (both TX/RX) MIMO
technology
Spectrum: 2.4 GHz (mandatory) and 5 GHz (optional) ISM bands
Radios on transmitter:
1 radio for single stream support (mostly for cell phones and portable
devices)
Min. requirement: 2 radios for non-mobile device, could support up to 4
radios
Channel BW: 20 and 40 MHz
Backwards compatible with IEEE 802.11a/g, but also has new Greenfield mode
Data rates: 6 300+ Mbps
Modulation scheme: MIMO-OFDM with 128-point FFT, 16, 32 sample CP, 4ms
symbols
30
Proprietary Technologies
MICS
32
MICS Standard
MICS (Medical Implant
Communication Service)
402405 MHz
FCC established the band in
1999
USA, EU, Australia, New
Zealand, Japan and Canada
harmonization
Although recently some
proposals to ETSI to
deregulate MICS band
Other countries expected to
follow
Frequency band shared with
meteorological aids (weather
balloons)
MICS considered a
secondary allocation of the
frequency spectrum
25 W (-16 dBm)
402 MHz
405 MHz
300 kHz
C
h
a
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l

1
C
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l

2
C
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
C
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9
C
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a
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e
l

1
0
Features
Short range telemetry ~2 m
Power limited to 25 mWEIRP
(outside the body)
300kHz bandwidth
Allows up to 10 channels
33
Wireless Connectivity Cardiac Health Management
M
I
C
S

L
P

R
F
B
T

/

B
L
E
o
r

L
P
W
B
T

/

B
L
E
o
r

L
P
W
G
S
M

/

G
P
R
S
L
P
W

?
?
34
TI MICS Solution Proposal (strawman)
Frequency range : 401-406Mhz (MICS and MEDS)
Data rate : 200-800kbps and lower
Output power : +3 dBm (max)
TX current : < 5 mA (max)
RX current : < 5 mA (max)
Power Supply Rail: 1.5 V
Proprietary Low Power Wireless
SoCs: Sensium
36
Patient Worn Monitors to
Wearable wireless patches
Vital Signs Monitoring:
Heart rate
ECG (3- 6 leads)
Respiration
Temperature
SpO2
Blood pressure
2-5 days portable operation (AA or AAA batteries)
Patient data viewable from central monitoring station
Patient able to roam throughout hospital while
connected
WMTS / WLAN
Enables small, flexible, disposable wireless sensor patches:
Operate from button-cell or flexible batteries (printable or thin-film Li-ion)
Consume low enough power for 5 day (ECG) 1 year (temp sense) operation
Low cost implementation
37
Sensor Interface
t
AMPERO_P
MEASUREMENT
AMPERO_N
MEASUREMENT
10 samples @100sps
t
so
t
so
THERMAL
MEASUREMENT
10 samples @100sps
10 samples @100sps
tso switch-over time (programmed by MAC <50ms)
3 sensor inputs multiplexed
38
Battery Comparison
Flexible
Thin
Zinc Air
Button
Lithium
Coin
AAA/AA Rechargeable Li-
Ion/Polymer
Voltage (V) 1.0~1.5 1.0~1.5 ~ 3.0 1.5 ~ 3.6
Maximum
Current (mA)
< 3 < 10 > 15 > 100 > 1000
Typical Charge
(mAh)
30 150 220 1000 1000
Easily
Disposable

Increasing Power
39
Wireless Connectivity Product Portfolio
> 50
25 50
0 10
5M 10M > 10M 500K 1M
10 25
1M - 5M 250K 500K 0 250K
Legend
In Design
Under Study
Shipping/Sampling
Data Rates (bps)
Peak I (mA)
BL6150
BT 2.0
130nm
BL6300
BT 2.0+EDR
90nm
BL6350
BT 2.1+EDR
90nm
BL6450
BT 2.1+EDR
Wibree/ULP
65nm
WL1251
802.11 bg
90nm
WL1271
802.11 abgn
BT 2.1+EDR
Wibree/ULP
65nm
CC2431
802.15.4
+Zigbee
+Location
180nm
CC2540
2.4GHz SOC
Wibree/ULP
Proprietary
180nm
CC2530
802.15.4
+Zigbee
SOC
180nm
CC1111
<1GHz SOC
+USB (FS)
Proprietary
180nm
SG2
Sensium 2
SOC
Proprietary
130nm
MICS
Proprietary
130nm
Data Rate vs. Peak Current
Data Rate vs. Peak Current
SG1
Sensium 1
SOC
Proprietary
130nm
40
Body Area Network for
Vital Sign Monitoring
41
Body Area Networks
Network that operates in, on, around the body
Limited range <0.01- 2.0 M
Low power RF transceivers and sensors
Limit power source batteries or RF link
Limited data rates: < 2 Mbps
Use Case scenarios:
Sports / Fitness monitoring:
Heart rate; pedometer, temp.; inclination, location, force, etc.
Force / torque (collisions)
Connected personal multimedia devices
Medical body area network
Vital sign monitoring
Connected therapeutic devices
42
Wireless Connectivity Solutions: Example BAN
Blood press.
Temp.
Pulse
BAN hub
BT / ZigBee /
proprietary
GSM / GPRS / 3G
WLAN / BT /
/BLE/ ZigBee /
proprietary
BT / ZigBee /
BLE /
proprietary
= TI coverage
43
Challenges with Wireless VSM / BASN
Open vs. Proprietary standards/protocol:
Open: Bluetooth/ULP, Zigbee
Proprietary: 802.15.4 (custom stack), Sensium NSP
Multiple frequency options:
2.4 GHz
800/900 MHz (ISM)
400 MHz (MICS/MEDS)
Security/authentication/pairing:
Interference from other RF devices (2.4 GHz)
Co-existence in the presence of nearby BANs
Patient to hub/monitor pairing
Battery Life and form-factor
Provide location information
Integration with Essential Sensor technology:
NIBP, respiration
44
Wireless Connectivity for
Health & Wellness
OMAP
LoCosto
Chronic Disease
Management
GSM/GPRS
Bluetooth /
BLE
Bluetooth /
BLE
Zigbee /
802.15.4
Weight
scale
Blood
pressure
monitor
Smart
bandage
Vital Signs Monitoring
800 MHz /
900 MHz ISM
2.4GHz ISM
(Zigbee/BT/
802.15.4/BLE)
Weight Management
45
Connected Diagnostic Devices
BT / WLAN
BT / WLAN
WMTS / WLAN
BT
46
Standards for Telemedicine and
Remote Monitoring
ISO / IEEE 11073:
Point-of-care medical device communication standards: Building the Foundation for Medical Device Plug-and-
Play Interoperability
http://www.ieee1073.org/overview/overview.html
HL7 (Health Level 7):
HL7 is an international community of healthcare subject matter experts and information scientists
collaborating to create standards for the exchange, management and integration of electronic healthcare
information. HL7 promotes the use of such standards within and among healthcare organizations to increase
the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery for the benefit of all.
Is an ANSI standards development organization (SDO)
https://www.hl7.org/
Continua Health Alliance:
Our Mission is to establish an eco-system of interoperable personal health systems that empower people &
organizations to better manage their health and wellness
Health & Wellness, Disease Management, Aging Independently
http://www.continuaalliance.org/home
IEEE BAN ( 802.15.6 Working group): This is a standard for short range, wireless communication in the vicinity of,
or inside, a human body (but not limited to humans). It can use existing ISM bands as well as frequency bands
approved by national medical and/or regulatory authorities. Support for Quality of Service (QoS), extremely low
power, and data rates up to 10 Mbps is required while simultaneously complying with strict non-interference
guidelines where needed.
IEEE 802.15.6 Formed in November 2007
Call for applications: due March 2008
Initial Sponsor Ballot submission: November 2009
Submission to RevCom: March 2010
Contact Information
To learn more about technology solutions for
medical applications from Arrow, Texas
Instruments, contact the Arrow Electronics
Medical Group at 866-260-1401, or email
medicalsolutions@arrow.com.

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