1

About ADB
ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48
from the region. ADBs vision is n Asi nd
!cific region free of "overty.
#
$#
$%
$4
$$
$6
D&'s (egionl
members
Population share, 2013
)
1)
#)
%)
4)
D&'s (egionl
members
Income share, 2013
Asi
(est
of
world
Share in extreme
poor, 2010
Key Indicators
or Asia and the Paciic
ADBs flgshi" "ubliction on sttistics
*economic, finncil, nd socil indictors+
4$th edition, covers 48 regionl members
,ncludes s"ecil ch"ter on Poverty in Asia:
A Deeper Look
%
4
Asia!s dramatic po"erty reduction
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
&0
'0
(0
1('1 1('# 1('& 1((0 1((3 1((% 1((( 2002 200$ 200' 2010
Po"erty rate )*+
,entral and -est Asia .ast Asia
Paciic South Asia
Southeast Asia De"elopin/ Asia
0umber o
poor
)millions+
1('1 2010
'entrl nd
-est Asi 67 #$
.st Asi 8%$ 1$6
!cific # %
/outh Asi 40$ 47%
/outhest Asi 180 77
Develo"ing
Asi 1$87 7%%
$
1b2ecti"es o the report
.1mine resons for inde2ucy of the
conventionl "overty line *!3+
!rovide nlyticl in"uts to ongoing
discussions of identifying e1treme "oor
3hree reasons or inade4uacy o the 5162$ P7
'onsum"tion bs4et not s"ecific to Asis "oor
5ulnerbility to shoc4s not fctored in
6ood "rices rise fster thn generl "rice level
New count of extreme poor
7
8ood is more costly in Asia
8
Source9 I,P 200$6
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
2
0
.
0
0
4
0
.
0
0
6
0
.
0
0
8

D
e
n
s
i
t
y
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
2
0
.
0
0
4
0
.
0
0
6
0
.
0
0
8
D
e
n
s
i
t
y
Arica
Asia
Annual ood expenditures per capita in 200$ PPP or the 1$ least
de"eloped countries
D
e
n
s
i
t
y
An Asian po"erty line:
A""ly method used to derive 71.#$ !3, but
with u"dted ntionl "overty lines from Asi
Asian poverty line = $1.51!ay "in #$$5
PPPs%
0
:implies hi/her po"erty rates
Po"erty rates )*+ in Asia )516$1 "s6
benchmar; 5162$ po"erty lines+
0umber o poor )millions+ in Asia under
the 5162$ and 516$1 po"erty lines
1)
2%6(
236(
206&
3&63
3#60
306$
$
10
1$
20
2$
30
3$
#0
200$ 200' 2010
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
Benchmar; Ad2usted
(02
'2'
&33
3$0
3#'
3#3
0
200
#00
%00
'00
1000
1200
1#00
200$ 200' 2010
0
o
6

p
o
o
r

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
+
Poor bet<een 5162$ and 516$1
5162$ poor
1,1&%
1,0&%
1,2$2
)at 5162$+ )at 516$1+
Source9 ADB estimates6
3op number = the poor at 516$1
po"erty line
116%
326&
1'61
1%6$
#&6&
2'60
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
P>, India Indonesia
Benchmar; )at 5162$+ Ad2usted )at 516$1+
,ountry?speciic data
Po"erty rates )*+, 2010, )516$1 "s6
benchmar; 5162$ po"erty lines+
116%
326&
1'61
1%6$
#&6&
2'60
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
P>, India Indonesia
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
0umber o poor )millions+, 2010, under the
5162$ and 516$1 po"erty lines
1$%
#00
#3
%$
1'#
2#
0
100
200
300
#00
$00
%00
&00
P>, India Indonesia
0
u
m
b
e
r

o

p
o
o
r

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
+
221
$'#
%&
11
3op number = the poor at 516$1 P7
@ulnerability to shoc;s aect <elare
71.#$ !3 does not consider ris4s or shoc4s
5ulnerbility8d9usted !3 cn be derived
1#
8711D .A>3ABCAK.
S31>DS
Ereater re4uency o natural calamities:
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
&0
'0
1('0 1('$ 1((0 1(($ 2000 200$ 2010 2013
8
r
e
4
u
e
n
c
y

o

n
a
t
u
r
a
l

c
a
l
a
m
i
t
i
e
s
Drou/ht .arth4ua;e .pidemic 8lood 7andslide
Storm @olcano -ildire 3sunami
1%
Sources9 &'(DA): )*e +,DA-.&D /nternational Disaster Data0ase1 at <<<6emdat6be, Cni"ersitF catholi4ue de
7ou"ain6 Brussels, Bel/iumG ADB Photo 7ibrary6
:aect millions o Asians
0
$0
100
1$0
200
2$0
1('0 1('$ 1((0 1(($ 2000 200$ 2010 2013
0
o
6

o

e
c
t
e
d

p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
+
3he Paciic Southeast Asia
South Asia .ast Asia
De"eloped Dember .conomies ,entral and -est Asia
14
Source9 &'(DA): )*e +,DA-.&D /nternational Disaster Data0ase1 at <<<6emdat6be, Cni"ersitF catholi4ue de
7ou"ain6 Brussels, Bel/ium6
Shoc;s raise po"erty measures too
Po"erty rates )*+ in Asia, <ith
"ulnerability considered
0umber o poor )millions+ in Asia,
<ith "ulnerability considered
1$
2%6(
236(
206&
3&63
3$63
326%
10
1$
20
2$
30
3$
#0
200$ 200' 2010
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
Benchmar; Ad2usted
)at 5162$+ or "ulnerability
(02
'2'
&33
3#'
3($
#1'
0
200
#00
%00
'00
1000
1200
1#00
200$ 200' 2010
0
o
6

o

p
o
o
r

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
+
5162$ poor Additional
1,2$0
1,223
1,1$1
3op number = total poor
Source9 ADB estimates6
116%
326&
1'61
1%6$
#&6&
2'60
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
P>, India Indonesia
Benchmar; )at 5162$+ Ad2usted or "ulnerability
,ountry?speciic data
Po"erty rates )*+, 2010, <ith
"ulnerability considered
116%
326&
1'61
2'6&
#16%
2&61
0
$
10
1$
20
2$
30
3$
#0
#$
P>, India Indonesia
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
0umber o poor )millions+, 2010,
<ith "ulnerability considered
1$%
#00
#3
22(
110
22
0
100
200
300
#00
$00
%00
P>, India Indonesia
0
u
m
b
e
r

o

p
o
o
r

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
+
3'#
$10
%$
16
3op number = total poor
8aster ood price hi;es aect poor more
6ood insecurity often
reflected in rising food
"rices
Ad9ust 71.#$ !3 by
food '!,s when higher
thn generl '!,s
17
8ood price "s6 /eneral price increases
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0
.
8
1
.
0
1
.
2
1
.
4
1
.
6
1
.
8
Bangladesh

P
r
i
c
e

I
n
d
e
x

u
s
i
n
g

2
0
0
5

a
s

B
e
n
c
h
m
a
r
k
CPI
!!d CPI
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0
.
8
1
.
0
1
.
2
1
.
4
1
.
6
1
.
8
India


CPI
!!d CPI
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0
.
6
0
.
8
1
.
0
1
.
2
1
.
4
1
.
6
1
.
8
2
.
0
Indonesia


CPI
!!d CPI
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0
.
8
1
.
0
1
.
2
1
.
4
1
.
6
1
.
8
2
.
0
Nepal


CPI
!!d CPI
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
1
.
0
1
.
2
1
.
4
1
.
6
Peoples Republic of China


CPI
!!d CPI
2005 2006 200" 2008 200# 2010 2011 2012
1
.
0
1
.
2
1
.
4
1
.
6
1
.
8
2
.
0
2
.
2
Tajikistan


CPI
!!d CPI
Ban/ladesh ,hina, People!s >ep6 o India
3a2i;istan
Indonesia
0epal
Source9 8A1
18
Po"erty ad2usted or aster ood price hi;es
Po"erty rates )*+ in Asia, <ith aster
ood price increases considered
0umber o poor )millions+ in Asia, <ith
aster ood price increases considered
10
2%6(
236(
206&
2&6$
2#6&
1$
20
2$
30
200$ 200' 2010
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
Benchmar; Ad2usted
)at 5162$+ or ood price hi;es
(02
'2'
&33
12#
1#1
0
200
#00
%00
'00
1000
200$ 200' 2010
0
o
6

o

p
o
o
r

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
+
5162$ poor Additional
($2
'&#
3op number = total poor
Source9 ADB estimates6
116%
326&
1'61
1%6$
#&6&
2'60
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
P>, India Indonesia
Benchmar; )at 5162$+ Ad2usted or "ulnerability
,ountry?speciic data
Po"erty rates )*+, 2010, <ith aster
ood price hi;es considered
116%
326&
1'61
1&60
336'
2'60
0
$
10
1$
20
2$
30
3$
#0
P>, India Indonesia
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
0umber o poor )millions+, 2010, <ith
aster ood price hi;es considered
1$%
#00
#3
&1
1#
2#
0
$0
100
1$0
200
2$0
300
3$0
#00
#$0
P>, India Indonesia
0
u
m
b
e
r

o

p
o
o
r

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
+
22&
#1#
%&
#)
3op number = total poor
2%6(
236(
206&
106#
1061
(6'
116# 1&6%
1(61
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
200$ 200' 2010
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
5162$ 516$1 ? 5162$ 8ood price increases H @ulnerability
,ombinin/ all 3 actors doubles Asia!s poor
Po"erty rates )*+, all 3 actors
considered
2%6(
236(
206&
106#
1061
(6'
116# 1&6%
1(61
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
200$ 200' 2010
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
#'6&
$16$
#(6$
0umber o poor )millions+, all 3
actors considered
(02
'2'
&33
3$0
3#'
3#3
3'2
%0'
%&#
0
$00
1000
1$00
2000
200$ 200' 2010
0
o
6

o

p
o
o
r

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
+
1,%3#
1,&'#
1,&$0
#1
Source9 ADB estimates6
2%6(
236(
206&
106#
1061
(6'
116# 1&6%
1(61
0
10
20
30
#0
$0
%0
200$ 200' 2010
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
5162$ 516$1 ? 5162$ 8ood price increases H @ulnerability
Po"erty reduction remains a challen/e
Po"erty rates )*+, all 3 actors
considered
126&
$6'
26$
16#
'6&
$6(
26&
161
1(6'
2060
1(60
1#6%
0
$
10
1$
20
2$
30
3$
#0
#$
201$ 2020 202$ 2030
P
o
"
e
r
t
y

r
a
t
e

)
*
+
#162
316&
2#62
1&61
0umber o poor )millions+, all 3
actors considered
#&3
223
100
$%
32#
230
10(
#&
&3#
&&&
&%#
%0$
0
200
#00
%00
'00
1000
1200
1#00
1%00
1'00
201$ 2020 202$ 2030
0
o
6

o

p
o
o
r

)
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
+
1,$32
1,230
(&3
&0'
##
Source9 ADB estimates6
Policy implications9 ood price increases
Avilbility
Affordbility
/u""ly stbility
#%
Policy implications9 "ulnerability
Disster ris4 reduction
'limte chnge mitigtion nd d"ttion
Diversifiction of income sources
/ocil ssistnce nd "rotection
&r4et8bsed instruments *e.g., disster
insurnce, helth insurnce, cro" insurnce+
#4
Key messa/es
:4ing into ccount these fctors, the
hedcount of e1tremely "oor is substntilly
higher thn by conventionl mesures
Addressing vulnerbility nd food ffordbility
nd relibility re im"ortnt "rts of nti8
"overty strtegies
#$