AMM-014325

The 23
rd
November 4 7, 2009, Chiang Mai
Conference of the Mechanical Engineering Network of Thailand

Free Vibration Analysis of Symmetrically Laminated Composite Square Clamped
Plate Using the Extended Kantorovich Method

Kullasup Phongsrisuk*

, Prasong Ingsuwan, Wiwat Klongpanich and Wetchayan Rangsri

Email:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
phongsrisuk@gmail.com, Tel: (053) 225423, Fax: (053) 225423

Abstract
The free vibration of symmetrically laminated composite square clamped plate is analyzed by the
extended Kantorovich method. The extended Kantorovich method is used to reduce the fourth order
partial differential equations to the fourth order ordinary differential equations in the x and y coordinate
direction with constant coefficient. The iterative calculation is used to evaluate the natural frequencies by
using the free vibration of the clamped beam as an initial trial function. Comparison the first hundred
natural frequencies of cross-ply symmetrically laminated composite square clamped plate with the Finite
Element Method, it is found that they are good agreement at the lower natural frequencies.
Keywords: Vibration, Laminate, Clamped, Plate, Kantorovich

1. Introduction
The increased usage of composite
materials in mechanical, civil, aerospace and
marine due to their high strength, low weight,
good fatigue, good corrosion resistance and the
properties meet the requirements of specific
design. Rectangular plate-type structures made of
isotropic or orthotropic or anisotropic material with
clamped or simply supported or free edge and
are frequently encountered in structural dynamics.
The extended Kantorovich method is
used to reduce the fourth order partial differential
equations to the fourth order ordinary differential
equations. The iterative calculation is used to
evaluate the natural frequencies and to force the
final solution to satisfy the boundary conditions.
The extended Kantorovich method has been
reviewed by several researchers. For example,
Sakata et al [2] evaluated the natural frequency of
an orthotropic rectangular plate with various
boundary conditions. It was found that the
convergence of the final solution was rapid and
the particular natural frequency can be obtained
separately with good accuracy. Dalaei and Kerr
[3], Bercin [5] derived a closed-form approximate
solution for the natural frequency of an orthotropic
rectangular clamped plate. The result showed that
the final solution was obtained from the fourth
iteration and it was independent of an initial trial
function. Rajalingham et al [4] improved the
AMM-014325

convergence of the natural frequency of an
isotropic rectangular clamped plate. It discovered
these shape functions obtained from the extended
Kantorovich method can enhance the
effectiveness of the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Lee
JM, Chung JH and Chung TY [6] derived the free
vibration of symmetrically laminated composite
rectangular plate with all edges elastically
restrained against rotation based on the first order
anisotropic shear deformation plate theory. The
result indicated that the extended Kantorovich
method can apply to the free vibration of
symmetrically laminated composite with cross-ply
rectangular plate but cannot apply to the free
vibration of symmetrically laminated composite
with angle-ply rectangular plate. Rajalingham et al
[7] derived a closed-form approximate solution for
the natural frequency of an isotropic rectangular
clamped plate. It was found that the modal
parameters were suitable to evaluate for higher
natural frequency. Ungbhakorn and
Singhatanadgid [9] evaluated the critical buckling
load of symmetrically laminated composite with
unidirectional 0 and cross-ply rectangular plate
with various boundary conditions. The result
showed that the final solution was automatically
forced to satisfy the boundary conditions and the
critical buckling load was obtained from the fourth
iteration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate
the first hundred natural frequencies of
symmetrically laminated composite square
clamped plate by the extended Kantorovich
method.
2. Derivation of the iterative differential
equations
Hamitons principle assumes that the
system under consideration is characterized by
two energy functions, the kinetic energy and the
potential energy [8].

= +
2
1
0 )] ( [
t
t
dt U V K (1)

where K is the kinetic energy, U V + are the
potential energy
The potential energy and the kinetic
energy of the symmetrically laminated composite
plate, as Fig. 1, can be written as

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
1
0 0
2
2
2
2
12
2
2
2
11
2
2
1
t
t
a b
y
w
x
w
D
x
w
D
2
2
2
22
2
2
2
16
4
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
y
w
D
y x
w
x
w
D
dy dx
y x
w
D
y x
w
y
w
D
(
(

(
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
2
2
66
2
2
2
26
4 4
0 ) (
2
1
0 0
2
=
)
`

dt dy dx w m
a b
(2)

where
ij
D is the bending stiffness of composite
plate, w is the lateral deflection, m is mass per
unit area of plate and is the natural circular
frequency.











Fig.1 Square clamped plate
AMM-014325

Assume the solution as

) ( ) ( ) , ( y Y x X y x w = (3)

substitute equation (3) into equation (2)

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

a b
y
Y
X Y
x
X
D Y
x
X
D
0 0
2
2
2
2
12
2
2
2
11
2
2
1

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ Y
x
X
D
y
Y
x
X
D
y
Y
X D
2
2
16
2
66
2
2
2
22
4 4
dxdy
y
Y
x
X
y
Y
X D
(
(

(
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
2
2
26
4
| | 0
2
1
0 0
2 2 2
=

dy dx Y mX
a b
(4)

If ) (x X is defined as priori, equation (4)
can be rewritten as

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
b
x x x
y
Y
D S
y
Y
Y D S Y D S
0
2
2
2
22 3 2
2
12 2
2
11 1
2
2
1

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
y
Y
Y D S
y
Y
D S
x x 16 5
2
66 4
4 4
dy
y
Y
y
Y
D S
x
(
(

(
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
2
2
26 6
4
0
2
1
2 2
3
=

b
b
x
dy mY S (5)

where
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
a
x
dx
x
X
S
0
2
2
2
1
,
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
a
x
dx
x
X
X S
0
2
2
2

=
a
x
dx X S
0
2
3
,

|
.
|

\
|

=
a
x
dx
x
X
S
0
2
4

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|

=
a
x
dx
x
X
x
X
S
0
2
2
5
,

|
.
|

\
|

=
a
x
dx
x
X
X S
0
6


By the variational method and integration
by parts equation (5) yields the fourth order
ordinary differential equations as equation (6) and
the boundary conditions along 0 = y and b y =
as equation (7) and (8)

2
2
66 4 12 2 4
4
22 3
) 4 2 (
dy
Y d
D S D S
dy
Y d
D S
x x x
+
0 ) (
2
3 11 1
= + Y m S D S
x x
(6)
dy
dY
D S D S
dy
Y d
D S V
x x x y
) 4 (
66 4 12 2 3
3
22 3
+ =
Y D S
x 16 5
2 (7)
dy
dY
D S
dy
Y d
D S M
x x y 26 6 2
2
22 3
2 + =
Y D S
x 12 2
+ (8)

Similarly when ) y ( Y is defined as priori,
can be written the fourth order ordinary differential
equations as equation (9) and the boundary
conditions along 0 = x and a x = as equation
(10) and (11)

2
2
66 4 12 2 4
4
11 3
) 4 2 (
dx
X d
D S D S
dx
X d
D S
y y y
+
0 ) (
2
3 22 1
= + X m S D S
y y
(9)
dx
dX
D S D S
dx
X d
D S V
y y y x
) 4 (
66 4 12 2 3
3
11 3
+ =
X D S
y 26 5
2 (10)
X D
dx
dX
D S
dx
X d
D S M
y y x 12 16 6 2
2
11 3
2 + =
X D S
y 12 2
+ (11)

where
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
b
y
dy
y
Y
S
0
2
2
2
1
,
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
b
y
dy
y
Y
Y S
0
2
2
2

=
b
y
dy Y S
0
2
3
,
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
b
y
dy
y
Y
S
0
2
4

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
b
y
dy
y
Y
y
Y
S
0
2
2
5
,
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
b
y
dy
y
Y
Y S
0
6

3. Solution of the iterative differential
equations
The fourth order ordinary differential in
equation (6) can be rewritten in a simple form as
AMM-014325

2
2
22 3
66 4 12 2
4
4
4 2
dy
Y d
D S
D S D S
dy
Y d
x
x x
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
0
22 3
2
3 11 1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ Y
D S
m S D S
x
x x



consider a case
2
3 11 1
m S D S
x x
< , the solution
can be written in symmetry case as equation
(12.1) and antisymmetry case as equation (12.2)

) cosh( ) cos( ) (
2 2 1 1
y q C y q C y Y
y y
+ = (12.1)
) sinh( ) sin( ) (
2 2 1 1
y q C y q C y Y
y y
+ = (12.2)

where
1
q and
2
q are modal parameters in y
coordinate direction, and

22 3
66 4 12 2 2
2
2
1
4 2
D S
D S D S
q q
x
x x

= (13)
22 3
11 1
2
3 2
2
2
1
D S
D S m S
q q
x
x x

=

(14)

substitute equation (12) into the boundary
conditions 0 =
dy
dY
and 0 = Y yields the non-
trivial solution in symmetry case as (15.1) and
antisymmetry case as (15.2)

0
2
tan
2
tanh
1
1
2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
| b q
q
b q
q (15.1)
0
2
cot
2
coth
1
1
2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| b q
q
b q
q (15.2)

Similarly, the fourth order ordinary
differential in equation (9) can be rewritten in a
simple form as

2
2
11 3
66 4 12 2
4
4
4 2
dx
X d
D S
D S D S
dx
X d
y
y y
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
0
11 3
2
3 22 1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ X
D S
m S D S
y
y y


consider a case
2
3 22 1
m S D S
y y
< , the solution
can be written in symmetry case as equation
(16.1) and antisymmetry case as equation (16.2)

) cosh( ) cos( ) (
2 2 1 1
x p C x p C x X
x x
+ = (16.1)
) sinh( ) sin( ) (
2 2 1 1
x p C x p C x X
x x
+ = (16.2)

where
1
p and
2
p are modal parameters in x
coordinate direction, and

11 3
66 4 12 2 2
2
2
1
4 2
D S
D S D S
p p
y
y y

= (17)
11 3
22 1
2
3 2
2
2
1
D S
D S m S
p p
y
y y

=

(18)

substitute equation (16) into the boundary
conditions 0 =
dx
dX
and 0 = X yields the non-
trivial solution in symmetry case as (19.1) and
antisymmetry case as (19.2)

0
2
tan
2
tanh
1
1
2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
| a p
p
a p
p (19.1)
0
2
cot
2
coth
1
1
2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| b p
p
b p
p (19.2)
4. Iterative calculation procedures
1. The iterative calculation can start with
choosing an initial trial function in x or y
coordinates direction, the following procedure
chooses a function in x coordinate direction as an
initial trial function.
2. Calculate
x
S
1
to
x
S
6
by an initial trial
function from step 1.
3. Substitute q
2
as a function of q
1
or
substitute q
1
as a function of q
2
from relationship
equation (13), and then find Eigenvalue q
1
or q
2

from equation (15) and Eigenvector in y
coordinate direction.
AMM-014325

-0. 4
-0. 2
0
0. 2
0. 4
-0. 4
-0. 2
0
0. 2
0. 4
0
0. 25
0. 5
0. 75
1
-0. 4
-0. 2
0
0. 2
0. 4
4. Calculate
y
S
1
to
y
S
6
by Eigenvector
in y coordinate direction obtained from step 3.
5. Substitute p
2
as a function of p
1
or
substitute p
1
as a function of p
2
from relationship
equation (17), and then find Eigenvalue p
1
or p
2
x
S
1

from equation (19) and Eigenvector in x
coordinate direction.
6. Calculate to
x
S
6
by Eigenvector
in x coordinate direction obtained from step 5.
7. Substitute q
2
as a function of q
1
or
substitute q
1
as a function of q
2
from relationship
equation (13), and then find Eigenvalue q
1
or q
2
8. Compare q

from equation (15) and Eigenvector in y
coordinate direction.
1
and q
2
from step 7 and
step 3. If the difference satisfies the specified
tolerance, the last q
1
and q
2
The first mode of an isotropic square
clamped plate is illustrated in Table 1. Following
the iterative calculation procedures in section 4
until the difference of the modal parameters in x
or y coordinate direction satisfy the specified
tolerance. In the end of the iterative calculation,
the modal parameters in x coordinate direction of
the second and fourth iteration is identification, p
are taken as the final
solution. Otherwise continue the iterative
calculation by repeating step 2-7.
9. Calculate the natural frequency from
equation (14) or (18).
5. Numerical verification and accuracy
1

= 4.312 and p
2
D C y x w = ) , (
= 6.525, The mode shape is the
product of the eigenvector in x and y coordinate
direction, , as shown in the last
column.

Table 1 Iteration example for the first mode of an isotropic square clamped plate.

Iteration no. Assumed solution X(x) or Y(y) Solution
Eigenvalue Eigenvector X(x) or Y(y) Mode shape
1 A q
1
q
= 4.304
2

= 6.567

B
2 B p
1
p
= 4.312
2

= 6.525

C
3 C q
1
q
= 4.312
2

= 6.526

D
4 D p
1
p
= 4.312
2

= 6.525

C

Note: ) 730 . 4 cosh( 132 . 0 ) 730 . 4 cos( x x A + = , ) 567 . 6 cosh( 041 . 0 ) 304 . 4 cos( y y B + =
) 525 . 6 cosh( 042 . 0 ) 312 . 4 cos( x x C + = , ) 526 . 6 cosh( 042 . 0 ) 312 . 4 cos( y y D + =
AMM-014325

The accuracy of the presented method is
verified by comparison the first hundred
frequencies parameters of an isotropic square
clamped plate with published by Rajalingham [7]
as illustrated in Table 2. The lateral deflection can
divide into 4 categories as SS, AS, SA and AA,
the first and second character presents property
of the mode about the x and y coordinate
direction respectively. The character S presents
the lateral deflection symmetry with the
coordinate direction and A presents the lateral
deflection antisymmetry with the coordinate
direction. The first hundred natural frequencies of
the symmetrically laminated composite square
clamped plate with cross-ply fibers, [0/90]
s
, are
evaluated by the extended Kantorovich method
and the Finite Element Method as illustrated in
Table 3. Mechanical properties of Kevlar 49 and
plate dimension are E
1
= 138 GPa, E
2
= 8.96 GPa,
G
12
= 7.1 GPa, G
23
= 2.82 GPa,
12
= 0.3,
23
=
0.59, mass per unit volume = 1600 kg/m
3

, a = 1 m
and thickness = 2.5 mm.
Table 2 Comparison frequency parameters D m ab / of an isotropic square clamped plate.

i SS SA AS AA
Reference [7] Present Reference [7] Present Reference [7] Present Reference [7] Present
1 35.998 35.998 73.405 73.405 73.405 73.405 108.235 108.236
2 131.902 131.902 165.023 165.024 165.023 165.024 242.667 242.670
3 131.902 131.902 210.526 210.526 210.526 210.526 242.667 242.670
4 220.058 220.059 296.366 296.366 296.366 296.366 371.375 371.376
5 309.037 309.036 340.590 340.590 340.590 340.590 458.531 458.533
6 309.037 309.036 427.356 427.359 427.356 427.359 458.531 458.533
7 393.355 393.357 467.290 467.291 467.290 467.291 583.748 583.745
8 393.355 393.357 510.647 510.645 510.647 510.645 583.748 583.745
9 562.178 562.177 596.366 596.363 596.366 596.363 754.035 754.034
10 565.452 565.452 677.745 677.744 677.745 677.744 754.035 754.034
11 565.452 565.452 720.486 720.483 720.486 720.483 792.462 792.461
12 648.020 648.021 723.308 723.306 723.308 723.306 877.329 877.329
13 648.020 648.021 805.350 805.348 805.350 805.348 877.329 877.329
14 813.747 813.746 927.706 927.708 927.706 927.708 1083.301 1083.300
15 813.747 813.746 931.503 931.500 931.503 931.500 1083.301 1083.300
16 900.917 900.913 969.994 969.996 969.994 969.996 1128.751 1128.750
17 900.917 900.913 1054.163 1054.160 1054.163 1054.160 1128.751 1128.750
18 982.561 982.562 1098.275 1098.270 1098.275 1098.270 1250.915 1250.910
19 982.561 982.562 1179.610 1179.610 1179.610 1179.610 1250.915 1250.910
20 1062.226 1062.230 1217.163 1217.160 1217.163 1217.160 1371.470 1371.470
21 1146.348 1146.340 1259.105 1259.110 1259.105 1259.110 1455.006 1455.010
22 1146.348 1146.340 1342.710 1342.710 1342.710 1342.710 1455.006 1455.010
23 1392.385 1392.390 1546.110 1546.110 1546.110 1546.110 1740.982 1740.980
24 1392.385 1392.390 1587.780 1587.780 1587.780 1587.780 1740.982 1740.980
25 1720.193 1720.190 1914.550 1914.540 1914.550 1914.540 2108.395 2108.400


AMM-014325

Table 3 Natural frequency of the [0/90]
s

laminates square clamped plate.
i SS SA AS AA
Present FEM Present FEM Present FEM Present FEM
1 102.125 101.558 152.510 151.765 256.188 252.850 288.967 285.445
2 249.216 247.785 387.666 384.650 361.050 356.951 478.950 473.489
3 493.182 482.191 518.596 507.273 641.697 633.404 832.333 804.679
4 564.700 558.604 666.875 653.724 810.212 783.096 846.367 833.259
5 573.029 561.292 778.985 768.273 877.201 848.707 953.707 923.866
6 805.664 789.985 990.125 969.883 1069.610 1037.000 1229.580 1193.000
7 1029.920 1012.000 1227.270 1171.000 1090.730 1070.000 1373.450 1342.000
8 1206.860 1151.000 1317.260 1289.000 1435.140 1392.000 1685.750 1632.000
9 1218.640 1191.000 1332.280 1273.000 1682.990 1581.000 1702.400 1599.000
10 1266.790 1209.000 1489.210 1451.000 1693.660 1647.000 1797.190 1690.000
11 1431.020 1369.000 1569.090 1503.000 1738.720 1634.000 2004.960 1890.000
12 1640.820 1597.000 1977.220 1894.000 1883.930 1773.000 2050.880 1984.000
13 1750.560 1678.000 2000.550 1937.000 1980.000 1911.000 2316.380 2227.000
14 1800.140 1747.000 2150.220 2076.000 2165.280 2044.000 2368.450 2237.000
15 2238.560 2067.000 2257.330 2084.000 2616.340 2471.000 2891.890 2621.000
16 2249.240 2152.000 2345.420 2167.000 2873.540 2605.000 2909.570 2745.000
17 2291.600 2116.000 2532.150 2345.000 2924.750 2651.000 2975.370 2698.000
18 2423.820 2242.000 2565.810 2448.000 3047.870 2766.000 3146.840 2859.000
19 2675.520 2482.000 2858.150 2654.000 3276.990 2982.000 3442.710 3137.000
20 3083.150 2866.000 3352.460 3116.000 3647.650 3327.000 3894.630 3555.000
21 3587.920 3188.000 3605.950 3204.000 4381.690 3812.000 4399.500 3828.000
22 3627.830 3233.000 3686.170 3277.000 4430.650 3855.000 4477.320 3896.000
23 3754.380 3339.000 3846.350 3424.000 4542.860 3954.000 4628.980 4033.000
24 3966.330 3535.000 4118.450 3676.000 4741.050 4134.000 4882.330 4263.000
25 4306.540 3849.000 4533.830 4056.000 5056.510 4421.000 5266.970 4610.000

6. Discussion and conclusion
The free vibration of symmetrically
laminated composite square clamped plate is
analyzed by the extended Kantorovich method.
The extended Kantorovich method is used to
reduce the fourth order partial differential
equations to the fourth order ordinary differential
equations. The iterative calculation is used to
evaluate the natural frequencies and to force the
final solution to satisfy the boundary conditions.
The free vibration of the clamped beam which
satisfies the boundary conditions is used as an
initial trial function. The accuracy of the presented
method is verified by comparison the first hundred
frequencies parameters of an isotropic square
clamped plate with published by Rajalingham [7].
By comparison the first hundred natural
frequencies of the symmetrically laminated
composite square clamped plate with cross-ply
fibers with the Finite Element Method, it was
found that they are good agreement at the lower
natural frequency. This indicates that the
extended Kantorovich method can provide the
particular natural frequency with good accuracy
while the Rayleigh-Ritz method must use a large
number of shape function if higher natural
AMM-014325

frequency are required and the Finite Element
Method cannot provide accurate values for higher
natural frequency.
7. Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the
Consulting center for machine design and
development for SMEs.
8. References
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