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The purpose of a transmission stall test is to establish whether the torque converter, transmission, or engine is the malfunctioning component. The following sequence involved for stall testing an automatic transmission is therefore very general, but follows the typical sequence of events necessary to determine the problem. Always check that the engine is capable of attaining its maximum no-load governed speed before stall testing.
The purpose of a transmission stall test is to establish whether the torque converter, transmission, or engine is the malfunctioning component. The following sequence involved for stall testing an automatic transmission is therefore very general, but follows the typical sequence of events necessary to determine the problem. Always check that the engine is capable of attaining its maximum no-load governed speed before stall testing.
The purpose of a transmission stall test is to establish whether the torque converter, transmission, or engine is the malfunctioning component. The following sequence involved for stall testing an automatic transmission is therefore very general, but follows the typical sequence of events necessary to determine the problem. Always check that the engine is capable of attaining its maximum no-load governed speed before stall testing.
establish whether the torque converter, transmission, or engine is the malfunctioning component when a complaint of poor performance is made by the vehicle operator. Prior to conducting a stall test, carefully read over the particular manufacturer's specifications relating to the specific transmission model so that the test is carried out properly. The following sequence involved for stall testing an automatic transmission is therefore very general, but follows the typical sequence of events necessary to determine the problem. Always check that the engine is capable of attaining its maximum no-load governed speed before stall testing.
Stall Testing Procedure
1. Bring the transmission up to operating temperature of 160-220 F 70-104 C), and with the vehicle parked on level ground, gently shift through all range selections and back to neutral. Leave the engine running at an idle and check the transmission oil level. 2. Check that all coolant and oil levels on the engine are correct. 3. If signs of excessive transmission fluid leakage are evident either correct the problem prior to stall testing, or take extreme care that the transmission is not damaged during a stall test because of oil leakage. 4. Attach the necessary temperature and pressure gauges to the transmission check points. When stall testing an electronically controlled transmission temp and sometimes pressure can be read from a pro link or other EST. Checking the main pressure will help to determine the condition of the hydraulic pump. I some transmission models it is possible to check apply pressure for each clutch this can also be very helpful when diagnosing a transmission problem. Engine speed is essential so attach an accurate engine tachometer if RPM is not available by using an EST. 5. Typical readings that would be taken and recorded during a stall test would be: A. Maximum engine rpm before stall B. Transmission oil pressure (main-pressure) 6. Caution: Since the condition that is being simulated during a stall test is one where the pump is turning at its maximum speed with the turbine held or stalled, excessive or maximum torque (vortex flow) is occurring within the torque converter during this time. Therefore to prevent the vehicle from breaking loose and causing equipment or personal injury, the vehicle MUST BE positively prevented from moving. Ensure that no one stands in front or behind the vehicle during the stall test. 7. It should not be necessary to maintain a stall test for longer than 5 seconds just long enough for the engine RPM to stabilize. However oil temperature can rise rapidly during the stall test so NEVER maintain a stalled condition longer than 30 seconds. Oil temperature will usually climb 1 degree F per second during such a test. Maximum transmission sump temperatures should not exceed 250degrees F (121 C), and the maximum oil temperature to the cooler should not exceed 300 degrees F(149 C) during a stall test.
8. To reduce the oil temperature after stall testing, shift into neutral, run the engine at 1200- 1500 rpm for several minutes. This should also be done if an additional stall test is to be conducted.
9. The gear selection for stall testing will vary between transmissions; therefore make sure you select the correct range as specified in the technical service manual by the manufacturer. CAUTION. Attempting to stall test certain transmissions in first gear or reverse can damage the transmission or drive line because of the extremely high torque produced in these low ranges. Some fully automatic transmissions can be placed in any forward range for this test; however, consult either the manual, or the local dealer/distributor.
10. With the vehicles brakes applied, select the correct transmission range and accelerate to maximum throttle position. When the engine speed reaches a maximum and doesn't climb any higher, note what rpm is on the tachometer as well as the oil pressure on the gauge. Remove your foot from the throttle and shift into neutral. Repeat Step 8 if necessary. Compare the stall speed with that of the transmission or vehicle manufacturer as being normal for your conditions. Bear in mind that engine power will decrease with an increase in altitude; therefore a lower engine speed will result under the stall test. 11. Generally the stated stall speed allows a plus or minus of 150 rpm in most instances. For example, if the stall speed is given as 1750 rpm plus or minus 150 rpm, then as long as you come within this particular range during stall testing, everything is correct. However if the engine speed is too high or too low, then a problem exists. Below are some of the typical causes of too high or too low a stall speed.
High Stall Speed (150 RPM or more higher than spec) 1. Low oil level (should always be checked prior to stall testing) 2. Low clutch pressure (check oil pressure at the range clutch check point if provided). 3. Slipping forward clutch (since a stall test is done in the forward range on most transmissions, possibly this particular clutch alone is slipping. Since the turbine within the torque converter is connected to this, creeping of the turbine will reduce vortex flow slightly (less torque); therefore the engine is capable of attaining a higher speed due to this slippage). 4. Slipping range clutch (depending on what range gear selection is engaged during the stall test), it is possible that this particular clutch is slipping. Clutches will slip due to low oil pressure, seized or lazy pistons, broken seals and or something wrong in the clutch apply circuit.
Low Stall Speed (200 RPM or more lower than spec) 1. Engine in need of a tune-up, or possibly not obtaining full throttle travel (check linkage etc.). 2. Internal damage within the torque converter, namely a freewheeling stator, (overhaul or replace converter). If the stall speed is correct, but the operator/driver complains of slippage in one gear range only while the vehicle is on the road, then the problem is in that particular range clutch or band. This will not show up under a stall test because the vehicle is stationary.
One problem that may be hard to detect during a stall test would be a seized stator however it will show up when performing the cool down phase. After normally stall testing the converter the fluid temperature will increase. When you switch to neutral to cool the fluid down the stuck stator will cause enough turbulence that the fluid will remain at a high temperature or even increase. This condition can also be checked on a road test, i.e. the vehicle will accelerate normally but will seem sluggish during cruising operation.