Version 2

STANDARDS/MANUALS/
GUIDELINES FOR
SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT
Electro-Mechanical Works
Selection of Switchyard Equipment for SHP
(Including Power Transformer and Circuit Breaker)
Sponsor:
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Govt. of India
Lead Organization:
Alternate Hydro Energy Center
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
May 2011
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Items Page No.
1.0
Section 1
Guide for Design of Outdoor Step up Sub-Station
And Selection of Equipment
INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1
2.1 General 1
2.2 Seismic Consideration 2
2.3 Basic Insulation Level and Insulation Co-ordination 2
2.4 Electrical Clearances for Installing Equipment in the Field 8
2.5 Insulators Creepage Distance 11
2.6 Insulator Type 12
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
1.0
2.0
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.0
Switchyard Structures
GIS Substations
Power Line Carrier Equipment
Substation Auxiliary Facilities
Bus Bar Schemes
Inspection and Maintenance
ANNEXURE 1.1
ANNEXURE 1.2
Section 2
Selection of Switchyard Equipment
BUS BAR
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
ISOLATORS
Temperature Rise
Rating
Isolator Insulation
Arcing Horn & Arcing Contacts
Load Break Switches
Terminal Connectors
Interlocks
Supporting Structures
Fire Extinguishing System
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
Type and Rating
Details of Current Transformer
General Requirements
Terminal Connectors 33 kV and Above
Type of Mounting
Tests
External Insulation (12 kV & Above)
Fittings and Accessories (12 kV & Above)
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER AND COUPLING VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER
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15
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28
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
Type and Rating of Potential Transformer
Temperature Rise
11 kV Voltage Transformer
Coupling Voltage Transformer (36 kV & Above)
TRANSFORMERS
LIGHTNING ARRESTORS
EQUIPMENT FOR CUMMUNICATION, RELAYING AND TELE
METERING AND OFF-SITE CONTROL
AUXILIARIES
REPAIR / INSPECTION FACILITIES
PALE FENCING
SWITCHYARD LAYOUT
Section 3
Selection of Power Transformer
GENERAL
GENERATOR TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMER RATING
STANDARD RATING
COOLING
TEMPERATURE RISE, OVERLOAD CAPACITY AND
CONTINUOUS RATING
TRANSFORMER STUDIES
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Type of Transformer and Operating Conditions
Continuous Maximum Rating and Overloads
Voltage Ratio
Duty Under Fault Condition
Electrical Connections
Flux Density
Current Density
Short Circuit Strength
Frequency and System Voltage
Parallel Operation
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31
35
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36
36
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58
8.11
8.12
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
1.
2.
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.
5.
6.
7.
Vibration and Noise
Basic Insulation Levels (BIL)
IMPEDANCE
TRANSFORMER EFFICIENCY
TERMINAL BUSHINGS
TANKS
PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE
ANTI EARTHQUAKE CLAMPING DEVICE
FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES
DIELECTRIC TESTS
ACCESSORIES
OIL CONTAINMENT AND FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
FACTORY AND FIELD TESTING
ERECTION, MAINTENANCE TESTING AND COMMISSIONING
TYPICAL TRANSFORMER RATING AND CHARACTERISTICS
ANNEXURE 3.1
ANNEXURE 3.2
ANNEXURE 3.3
ANNEXURE 3.4
Section 4
Selection of Circuit Breaker
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
TYPE OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Advantages and Disadvantages
Evaluation of SF6 and Vacuum Switching Technologies
Protection Classes for Switchgear Installation
RATED CHARACTERISTICS
STANDARD RATINGS OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
CO-ORDINATION OF RATED VALUES
TESTS
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86
8.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
FAULT CALCULATION
Staged Short Circuit Tests
Circuit Breaker Rating for Short Circuit Duty
Simplified Methods for Calculation Short Circuit Current
E/X Simplified method as per IEEE std. C37010-1999
Simplified Method
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89
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
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AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
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AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/E&M Works- Guidelines for Selection of Switchyard SHP Station
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2.5
a
Code
First Digit Degree of protection against contact
And ingress of foreign bodies
Second Digit
Degree of protection against ingress
Of water
Supplementary Sealing material between code letter
floor, ceiling or wall
IP 4 3 B
Protection Class
kA kV
voltage operating
voltage imum Rated
x
x
x
x x
AC
DC
I
x I
Vr is recovery voltage stated in terms of voltage between phases at service frequency
Vrc is recovery voltage component existing across the breaks of each pole.