4 Rules To Master para Completion - GP Ka Funda

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4 Rules to Master Para Completion
Posted on July 14, 2014 by GP
If a poll was conducted among CAT aspirants on the most hated question type in English section, possibly Sentence
Correction and Para Completion would top the charts. Unfortunately the prerequisite for doing well in both these question
types would mean going back in time and inculcating a good reading habit. You will rarely find someone who has been
reading regularly not doing well in these question types. Obviously, going back in time is ruled out and since we are targeting
CAT 2014, which is just 3 months away, develop a good reading habit is stupid advice.
We will look at grammar later but first let us try and resolve the issue of Para Completion because the approach to tackle
Para Completion questions can be applied to critical reasoning and inferential questions in RC passages and hence can
impact 5-6 questions in the VALR section.
Fir st let us under stand how most of the Par a Completion questions ar e fr amed. Typically, the question creator
will take a short paragraph from a book or an article and remove the last sentence and your Para Completion question and
the correct answer choice are ready. The only thing missing are the three incorrect choices. Now creating three good, but
incorrect, choices is not only hard work (who wants to work hard?) but also requires the content creator to think like the
author, which is not easy, so he/she will usually be able to create only one good/close choice and two not so good choices.
We need to hence remember that the correct answer choice in Para Completion is an extension of the passage and is written
by the same person who wrote the passage, so there have to be similarities between the paragraph and the correct answer
choice. If we are able to identify the similarities or dissimilarities between the paragraph and the choices we have tamed the
monster. Identifying similarities is usually more difficult than identifying dis-similarities and it I have my 4 Rules to
identify the incor r ect choices. Obviously eliminating 3 incor r ect choices will give us the answer .
4 Rules to Master Par a Completion
Rule 1: Scope
Scope loosely refers to the subject of the passage and the issues discussed in it. Scope of the correct answer choice should
be the same as that of the passage. For example, if the passage discusses the benefits of Nuclear Energy, choices discussing
Solar Power are unlikely to be correct. When a choice is out of scope, it is discussing issues or subjects that are different
from those in the passage. Thus any choice that is not in sync with the scope of the passage will be incor r ect
and should be eliminated.
Rule 2: Scale
Consider a passage on the outbreak of bird flu in a city, the correct answer choice will also focus on the city, it will not
significantly change the scale (or size) of the problem. Thus any choice that extends the bird flu problem of the city to the
country or reduces it to a small part of the city is unlikely to be correct. In other wor ds the scale (or size) of the
issue/pr oblem will be similar in the par agr aph and the cor r ect answer choice.
Rule 3: Tone
If the author of the paragraph has a favourable opinion on an issue then the correct answer choice should also reflect it. The
tone of the passage and the correct answer choice has to be the same. If the passage is laudator y, it is not possible
for the cor r ect answer choice to be cr itical.
Rule 4: Continuity
Just as Ganges flows from Gangotri to Rishikesh to Varanasi and cannot reverse its direction, an issue that has been
discussed and closed in the paragraph will not be taken up again, remember from Rishikesh Ganges can flow only to
Varanasi and not to Gangotri. It is the last thought or issue that has to be taken for war d and not something
that is dead and bur ied.
How to apply these 4 Rules?
Obviously you start by reading the paragraph and going thru the choices. Check each choice for similarity with the passage
MORE IN ACADEMICS, PREPARING FOR CAT,
TEST_TAKING_STRATEGIES (5 OF 83 ARTICLES)
Are you choosing the right questions in your Mock CATs?
on account of Scope (syllabus), Scale (size) Tone and Continuity (flow). Any choice that does not adhere to these four has to be
incorrect and eliminated.
1. If you are able to eliminate 3 out of 4 choices the remaining choice is the answer.
2. If you are able to eliminate 2 out of 4 choices, compare the two remaining choices and the one which is closer to the
paragraph in terms of scope, scale, tone and continuity is the answer.
3. If you are able to eliminate only 1 out of 4 choices, move on to the next question.
4. If you are unable to eliminate any choice obviously this need not be discussed.
To help you understand the application of these rules I have discussed 4 Para Completion question below. After going thru
these examples try applying these rules to Para Completion questions of Mock CAT past CAT papers.
These r ules will also wor k for Summar y and Cr itical Reasoning questions and infer ential questions in RC
passages.

Application of 4 Rules to a few questions for better under standing:
Q1. Teaching creationism in American public schools has been outlawed since 1987 when the Supreme Court ruled that the
inclusion of religious material in science classes was unconstitutional. In recent years, however, opponents of the theory of
evolution first developed by Charles Darwin, have regrouped, challenging science education with the doctrine of intelligent
design, which has been carefully stripped of all references to God and religion. Unlike traditional creationism, which claims
that God created the earth in six days, proponents of intelligent design say the workings of this planet are too complex to be
ascribed to evolution. There must have been a designer working to a plan that is, a creator. _____________________
(a) However, these kinds of teachings are unacceptable to the American public.
(b) However, there are many schools that are in favour of teaching traditional creationism to the students.
(c) However, such beliefs are not substantial enough to convince the American courts to allow teaching the subject in its
schools.
(d) However, the American government believes that the students must have the knowledge of traditional creationism, as
well as, intelligent design.
(e) However, some believe that parents should decide what subjects should be taught to their children
Choice (a): Incor r ect, change of scope, the paragraph does not discuss the views of the American public.
Choice (b): Incor r ect, change of scope, the paragraph does not discuss the views of the schools.
Choice (c): Could be cor r ect, scope is view of American courts, and the tone is the same as the view is the same in
another similar situation.
Choice (d): Incor r ect, change of scope from view of American Courts to views of the American Government.
Choice (e): Incor r ect, change of scope from view of American Courts to views of the parents.
Cor r ect answer : Choice (c)

Q2. The Ninth Schedule was created by Jawaharlal Nehrus government as a vessel to protect agrarian reform legislation.
Nehrus vessel became a constitutional dustbin for Indira Gandhis and later governments to provide immunity for any kind
of legislation relating to elections, mines and minerals, industrial regulation, requisition of property, monopolies, coal or
copper nationalisation, general insurance, sick industries, acquiring the Alcock Ashdown company, Kerala Chitties Act, Tamil
Nadu reservations of 69 per cent and so on. _____________________
(a) This misuse is only characteristic of the political situation in India.
(b) Protection has become a veil for rampant corruption.
(c) No principle underlies this selection.
(d) Theoretically, all state and Union legislations lack substance.
(e) The dustbin was of limitless capacity.
Choice (a): Incor r ect, scale (or scope) has changed from Indira Gandhis and later Governments to entire political class.
Choice (b): Incor r ect, change of scope, corruption has not been discussed in the paragraph and hence out of syllabus
Choice (c): Could be cor r ect, it has a tone of disapproval like the paragraph and it talks about all kind of legislation (no
principle) but introduces a new concept principle and hence the scope is possibly different.
Choice (d): Incor r ect, scale has changed to encompass all legislations and scope has changed by including both state
and the Union.
Choice (e): Cor r ect on account of tone (disapproving) and continuity (dustbin) and does not have a problem of either scale
or scope.
Cor r ect answer : Choice (e)

Q3. The digital-storytelling movement started in the early 1990s with performance artists such as San Francisco-based
Atchley. But the technique is just beginning to take hold in the world of e-business. At last falls national Digital Storytelling
Festival in Crested Butte, Colo., nearly half of the people signed up represented corporations. The stories that people are
telling on the Web around corporate brands are astounding, says Atchley. Knowledge is best shared and remembered
through a good story, and companies are just starting to catch on to all that this can mean.__________________
(a) If so, digital storytelling will see that computer prices continue to plummet.
(b) If so, digital storytelling will link high-speed data lines and more people to the Web.
(c) If so, digital storytelling will help companies to know more than what they knew earlier.
(d) If so, digital storytelling will only become more popular.
(e) If so, digital storytelling will only become less popular.
Choice (a): Incor r ect, change of scope Computer prices out of syllabus.
Choice (b): Incor r ect, change of scope High speed data lines & web are not discussed in the paragraph.
Choice (c): Incor r ect, change of scope The focus of the paragraph is on digital storytelling and not on how it will help
companies.
Choice (d): Cor r ect, on account of Scope & Continuity. The focus of this choice is on digital storytelling and also takes
forward the impact of interest of companies more popularity.
Choice (e): Incor r ect, change of tone the paragraph talks only of increasing popularity while the choice is making
digital storytelling less popular.
Cor r ect answer : Choice (d)

Q4. No fewer than 70,000 workers would have been needed to lug limestone blocks from desert miles away to the building
sites of the pyramids. Yet there is little evidence that the pharaohs had to coerce their subjects to leave their fields and
families in order to build a monument whose completion any single worker would certainly never see. All people apparently
willingly participated in the pageant of immortality-made-real. With no hope of a berth for themselves in the tomb, the
workers nonetheless must have taken comfort from knowing that their king, their earthly representative, would live on for
them in perpetuity.
(a) Here was a culture that would persist, just as its pharaohs would live on in their silent palaces.
(b) The Egyptian hoi polloi became immortal by proxy.
(c) King Tut and ended the brief experiment in monotheism in favour of the older religion with its promise of an afterlife.
(d) The solemn bearing of these great structures reminds people today of the way an entire culture fashioned a collective
immortality in astonishing stone.
Choice (a): Incor r ect, culture is not mentioned in the paragraph, out of scope.
Choice (b): Could be cor r ect on account of scope, workers or common people, and continuity from last statement.
Choice (c): Incor r ect, on account of scale reducing from Pharoahs in general to King Tut in particular and the scope
changing to religion.
Choice (d): Incor r ect, scope is workers and not the structures
208 THOUGHTS ON 4 RULES TO MASTER PARA COMPLETION
All the Best
GP
Tweet 0 Share
Shubham
on August 15, 2012 at 9:24 am said:
Thank you sir for providing the rules and methods for eliminating the incorrect choices. I will try to use this
technique for solving.
Again thanks a ton!!
prateek mangla
really helpful sir ..thank you !!!
Arpita
on August 15, 2012 at 12:31 pm said:
Thanks a lot !
It works even if I dont understand the para completely !! Please suggest some tricks for paragraph jumble
. I usually(90% time) miss them by just one wrong misplacement .
34 Like
Manu Bajpai
A very helpful article sir. Loved it. Will keep the rules in mind
Subir Paul
Sir!
This is a brilliant read.It would make the medium difficulty questions so much easier.
You actually unveiled the mentality of the Question setter!!!
U Rock!
Subir Paul
Sir one doubt on the last Example.
Why the Scope cant be structures? The passage does imply that the Sctructures represented Immortality
( All people apparently willingly participated in the pageant of immortality-made-real.)
(king, their earthly representative, would live on for them in perpetuity)
Subir Paul
What i mean is Cant two scopes share a passage?
GP
Subir, typically a paragraph will deal with one issue/idea while a passage will deal with
multiple aspects of the same issue/idea.
In Q4 the focus is on workers and their motivation for willing participation in building the
structure. So the Scope has to be workers and not structure.
Another indicator is that workers/people or their condition are mentioned number of times
while building/tomb are mentioned just a couple of times.
Prateek
Sir, Ive come across some questions where the last line(the correct choise) is supposed to bring out the
contrast in the idea suggested by the para. In such cases,it becomes very difficult to know if we should
contradict the idea or not. Case in point, Mock-5,ques based on poetry..The solution says that the
option brings out the contrast perfectly..but how are we supposed to know that??
GP
Prateek, these are the most difficult Para Completion questions. Usually in these questions the
para itself will give some kind of hint. It might be evaluating all aspects of an issue or it might be
critical and hence will try to provide a contrast to the idea. The methods that I have shared with
you will work in 9 out of 10 questions that come in CAT or XAT and we will have to live with these
odd question tht we will get wrong.
Abhishek.U
Outstanding article. Thanks a lot SIR
Mohit
Thanks a lot Sir for your insight.
One doubt in Q2)
How did you find the tone as that of disapproval in the passage ?
And, how option 4 carries reflects this tone ?
GP
Mohit, the use of the word dustbin for the 9th schedule, indicates that the author is not in
agreement with how Indira Gandhis and subsequent Governments used this provision.
Nehrus vessel became a constitutional dustbin for Indira
Mohit
Hi Sir,
Also, Can you take 2-3 more examples focussing on the role of tone and continuity while solving para
completion questions ?
ankur yadav
sir i dont knw wt to say abt u..when i do questions by myself only,they looks like real trouble fr me to
solve thembut whenever i see ur post on any topic..it looks like u r fooling around the examinern
making a big joke on these examinersomewhere it looks like tht u r challenging them with ur
knowledge n the way u solve ny question its look like a fun game to play no more boring or
troubling.
thnx a lot sirit is really helpfull
mohit
sir,
In question-3 , half of the people signed up represented corporations and companies are just starting to
catch on to all that this can mean so can we say that the para is disussing on about the companies and
the intrest they are showing in digital storytelling suggest that digital storytelling will help companies to
know more than what they knew earlier
Anshul Mittal
on July 17, 2014 at 1:22 pm said:
Even I had the same doubt.
aditya
on February 22, 2013 at 10:02 am said:
this is the same confusion that i have faced to solve this question
Ankit
Hats off sir..:)
This is the first article I have read and now i will go through rest of em as well..
I always have had difficulties in VA(para completion and inference based questions in RC) but the way you
have solved these questions makes me feel that things can be done easily with common sense and basic
rules..:)
Thanx a lot
Ankit
Most students arrive at [college] using, discrete, concrete and absolute categories to understand people,
knowledge and values. These students live with a dualistic view, seeing the world in polar terms of we-
right-good vs. other-wrong-bad. These students cannot acknowledge the existence of more than one point
of view toward any issue. And because these absolutes are assumed by or imposed on the individual from
external authority, they cannot be personally substantiated or authenticated by experience. (.)
a) They gather personal experience into a coherent frame work, abstract principles to guide actions and
use these principles to discipline and govern their thoughts and actions.
b) They appreciate authority for its expertise, using it to defend their own generalizations. In addition, they
accept or reject ostensible authority after systematically evaluating its validity.
c) These students strive for the generalizations of their authorities. An eye for an eye! Capital punishment
is apt justice for murder. The Bible says so.
d) However, most students break through the dualistic stage to another equally frustrating stage
multiplicity, where the student sees variety of ways to deal with any problem.
I tried this one on similar thoughts but got it wrong..can you please throw some light on this
GP
This is a difficult question, however the rules can be applied:
a) Incorrect, Against the flow, absolutes are assumed by or imposed on the individual from
external authority while the choice use of principles
b) Incorrect, Against the flow, absolutes are assumed by or imposed on the individual from
external authority while the choice talks about systematically evaluating the validity.
c) Incorrect, Out of scope, Bible?
d) Correct, Continuity, bringing out the next stage
Conventional method:
The passage indicates that the guiding principle in acceptance of moral absolutes is external. The
inability to think for self and acceptance of rules over reason is indicated. Option (a) and (b) go
against this idea as they both argue in favour of the individual being able to create his own frame-
work or generalization.
Kaku
on April 11, 2013 at 1:37 am said:
Talking about Multiplicity should also be out of scope sir? A new idea is introduced here!
Team CL
Options (a) and (b) can be eliminated as they have pronoun-antecedent error.
They in these options should refer to students, but, if we take any of these as the
correct answer choice, then they would start referring to absolutes. Hence we can
eliminate (a) and (b). The passage discusses not just the nature of the students
but also their journey. It starts with .most students arrive .This shows that the
author is trying to explain how the students are when they come and takes the
narrative from there. Option (d) takes the passage from there and explains that
eventually a transformation happens and the students move into another state.
Option (c) is incorrect as viewing the world in black and white may not translate
into an eye for an eye as described by the example of generalization of
authority in option (c). This makes option (c) out of scope.
Team CL
Options (a) and (b) can be eliminated as they have pronoun-antecedent error.
They in these options should refer to students, but, if we take any of these as the
correct answer choice, then they would start referring to absolutes. Hence we can
eliminate (a) and (b). The passage discusses not just the nature of the students
but also their journey. It starts with .most students arrive .This shows that the
author is trying to explain how the students are when they come and takes the
narrative from there. Option (d) takes the passage from there and explains that
eventually a transformation happens and the students move into another state.
Option (c) is incorrect as viewing the world in black and white may not translate
into an eye for an eye as described by the example of generalization of
authority in option (c). This makes option (c) out of scope.
vinod
sir,
thanks a lot for enlightening us with the intricacies involved in para-completion
Regards
Vikram
Hirdesh Tomar
Sir,
In some questions, the option which I find in scope and continuity comes out to be the wrong answer with
the stated reason as the choice A is mere repetition of what is stated in the paragraph. These usually
happens when i am left confused between two options. What should be the approach in such cases?
GP
Hridesh, repetition of what has been mentioned in the paragraph will fit in wrt the scope but would
be incorrect wrt continuity. The answer choice should be taking the thought/idea forward and not
repeating what has been said earlier.
Garima
Amazing sir , i guess its the years of experience ..
Thanks a lot for sharing such useful rules.I attended your Quant session today in Siri Fort Auditorium n m
looking forward to attend a few more.Kindly plan to take some more sessions on other sections also.
anil
please give some tips on parajumbles.
GP
Will do so shortly.
rohit
on September 2, 2012 at 1:14 pm said:
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-22/edit-page/27888158_1_dustbin-ninth-schedule-
immunity
sir plz chk dis link for question no 2 it says answer as c
GP
on September 5, 2012 at 7:54 am said:
Rohit, you are right that the original passage has choice (c) as the last line but we do not have the
luxury of the original passage while answering the question and can only logically deduce the
answer.
Unfortunately there is no way of avoiding this problem because in the end there is some amount of
subjectivity involved in creation of a paragraph.
Ravi
Hi Sir. very often i mark the last line as the one which sumarizes the given 3 or 4 lines..n to my disappoint
thts nevr the answer ..am i going wrong somewhere in choosing the summary choice as the answer ??
karan
sir,
as rohit gave a link to the article, it says that answer is c, but the option we selected was the line picked
up by the question setter two lines below, seems question setter is smart(just kidding.. :p)but the
question is how to crack these kind of questions/how to judge this cleverness of question setter?
GP
Karan, there is no specific way of handling such questions.
Pooja Arora
Hello Sir
I tried same method with the below given question, but failed in attempting it correctly. Kindly throw light
on the same:
Adaptation, the process by which one thing develops into another thing, by which one shape or form
changes into a different form, is a commonplace artistic activity. Books are turned into plays and films all
the time, plays are turned into movies and also sometimes into musicals, movies are turned into
Broadway shows and even, by the ugly method known as novelisation, into books as well. We live in a
world of such transformations and metamorphoses. ________________________
a Ricky Gervais turns into Steve Carell, just as, long ago, the British working-class racist Alf Garnett in
Till Death Us Do Part turned into the American blue-collar bigot Archie Bunker in All In the Family.
b British TV comedy series are turned into American TV comedy series, so that The Office becomes a
different The Office.
c British reality programmes are adapted to suit American audiences as well; Pop Idol becomes
American Idol when it crosses the Atlantic.
d Good movies Lolita, The Pink Panther are remade as bad movies; bad movies The Incredible
Hulk, Deep Throat are remade as even worse movies.
What my doubt is; Neither of the options shows exact TRANSFORMATION. TV series remain series
even if the audiences to which it caters changeSimilarly with other as well
GP
Pooja, I had asked Gejo for his opinion on the question, his response is given below:
GP,
This is picked from http://redroom.com/member/salman-rushdie/writing/a-fine-pickle-slumdog-
millionaire-and-film-adaptation
You see all the four options one after another.
It is a bad question since all four are examples of transformation and there is no reason as to why
one of them should be a better last sentence.
As you rightly pointed out everything is a transformation.
Gejo
Kaku
GP Sir
I wont lie to you but I chose option D, thinking what will I choose if I had to choose one.
Heres my logic:
The first three talk about British and American blah blah blahThey are an example where
no personal view as the ugly method known as novelisation is hinted. However, we see
that in the last option the author of this article tries to continue the passage by saying
good becomes bad and bad becomes worse. Hence, the immediate choice should be D.
What do you have to say about my logic? Kindly correct me, if I am wrong in my thinking.
Team CL
You are correct . The correct answer is (d). The author shows slight contempt for
this process of converting one form of art into another. This is evident by the choice
of words like ugly.However , as discussed earlier, all the given options can follow
the text in quick succession .
GP
Pooja, this is a very poorly framed question. all four can be correct.
The paragraph gives us the generic concept hence it should be followed by an example. all the four
choices are equally good examples and can fit in. I would leave this question unattempted.
sunny
sir,
why option no. 3 is incorrect in q no. 3 as it is in continuity with the passage and not completely out of
scope as the last lines of para were dealing with knowledge sharing through digital story telling by
companies and the option goes with it.??
pl give ur valuable insights.
GP
Sunny, the focus of the paragraph is on digital story telling & its growth not on betterment of companies,
hence scope is digital storyelling and not companies.
Vamsi krishna
Sir,
Please give us some tips on Para Jumbles, SC and fill in the blanks.
Eagerly waiting for your the posts on requested.
Regards,
Krishna
Jyoti
Sir your guidelines on sentence completion is amazingPlease give guidelines for para jumbles Inspite
of practicing a lot , I am still making mistakes .Please help
Pooja Arora
Thanks a lot for your reply
Vaani
Hi Sir, could u plz answer the below question?
Choose the option which can continue the paragraph most logically and consistently:
The launch of trilateral strategic consultations among the United States, India, and Japan, and their
decision to hold joint naval exercises signals efforts to form an entente among the Asia-Pacific regions
three leading democracies. At a time when Asia is in transition and troubled by growing security
challenges, the US, India, and Japan are seeking to build a broader strategic understanding to advance
their shared interests. Their effort calls to mind the pre-World War 1 Franco-British-Russian Triple
Entente to meet the threat posed by the rapid rise of an increasingly assertive Germany.
______________
1) This entente could serve as an important strategic instrument to deter Chinas rising power from sliding
into arrogance.
2) Indeed, the intention of the three democratic powers is to create an entente cordiale without
transforming it into a formal military alliance.
3) The new strategy supports India as a regional economic anchor and provider of security in the broader
Indian Ocean region.
4) This time, the impetus has been provided by Chinas increasingly muscular foreign policy.
Gaurav Srivastava
@vaani
http://apircenter.org/usa/togetheru-s-indiaandjapancan-checkchina/
Gaurav Srivastava
Hi Sir,
Mock :8 Section :2 Question no 14 paracompletion , I am not satisfied with CL Answer:
even googled and find the actual article here the given option is starting a fresh para not closing the para.
Please let me know where i am
moneyland.time.com/2011/11/14/
pragati
on October 10, 2012 at 7:29 pm said:
sir in q-2 we can also say for e) part that capacity hasnt been talked about so out of scope
GP
No, limitless capacity flows out from the fact that all kinds of legislations were being pushed under
the 9th schedule.
nikhil
thanx sir..
sachin
@GP sir , plz give some more examples !! it will be of great help
Rajesh
Choose sentence that completes the para -
Mattancherry is Indian Jewrys most famous settlement. Its pretty streets of pastel coloured houses,
connected by first-floor passages and home to the last twelve saree-and-sarong-wearing, whiteskinned
Indian Jews are visited by thousands of tourists each year. Its synagogue, built in 1568,
with a floor of blue-and-white Chinese tiles, a carpet given by Haile Selassie and the frosty Yaheh
selling tickets at the door, stands as an image of religious tolerance.
(1) Mattancherry represents, therefore, the perfect picture of peaceful co-existence.
(2) Indias Jews have almost never suffered discrimination, except for European colonizers and
each other.
(3) Jews in India were always tolerant.
(4) Religious tolerance has always been only a faade and nothing more.
(5) The pretty pastel streets are, thus, very popular with the tourists.
Sir, I find solution of this question confusing. The passage predominantly deals with Mattancherry
settlement. So I feel the ideal conclusion should be (a). But the correct choice according to CL is (b).
Please share your thoughts on this.
Team CL
on October 18, 2012 at 7:19 am said:
The paragraph does not describe a co-existence . It describes a confluence of cultures, where it
is difficult to define the end of one and the beginning of the other . It is not that two groups are
peacefully living together; there are no Indians and no Jews . Despite being white-skinned these
people are Indian Jews who are as much a part of Indian fabric as of Jewish race. And hence, the
only discrimination that has come their way is from Europeans ( outsiders ).
Kaku
GP Sir
Isnt peaceful co-existence out of scope?
Where does peace comes in? Also, how can we imply the situation is peaceful? Diversity
doesnt guarantee peace, or am I missing something?
Team CL
Yes, Peace is not implied by the passage. the passage is more about how these
people are a part of both the Indian as well as the Jewish community.
Rajesh
It is mentioned in the para that Its pretty streets of pastel coloured houses,
connected by first-floor passages.. Many houses connected by first floor passages
doesnt this imply the Jews are living in peaceful co-existence. Option (2) takes a
diversion. Last sentence of para Its synagogue, built in 1568,with a floor of blue-and-
white Chinese tiles, a carpet given by Haile Selassie and the frosty Yaheh
selling tickets at the door, stands as an image of religious tolerance. It is also a
description. So the sentence that follows this sentence should be in sync with this
sentence. Option (2) I feel is not in sync with the rest of the para. The para is not about
Jews but about Jews settlement.
rahul ritesh chaudhary
on November 1, 2012 at 4:30 pm said:
awwwwwwwwww dat worked sir..
GP
on November 2, 2012 at 1:57 am said:
Great, All the best.
ANURAG AGGARWAL
on November 11, 2012 at 5:07 pm said:
Sir pl answer this pc
The popularity of science fiction in the visual
media had a profound effect on the genre.
Science fiction authors who had been content
with an elite circle of readers now wanted
the recognition and money that went with
mass appeal. Escapism reigned supreme. The
literary excellence of the 1960s was replaced
by a return to the simpler storytelling of the
1940s.
1) This has helped these writers to reach
a wider audience leading to many more
people reading this stuff.
2) Even this failed to bring in more readers,
and this genre soon started declining
giving way to other genres in literature.
3) Rather than developing in new areas,
writers turned to the easy money found
in producing sequels to great works of
the past.
4) This period coincided with the American
counterculture movement, which es
poused a return to simpler past rather
than the scientific future.
Team CL
on November 12, 2012 at 10:46 am said:
The given paragraph talks about how science fiction authors opted for the easy way out in their
pursuit of wealth and recognition. Option 3 continues with this main idea of the paragraph and is
the correct answer. Options 1 and 2 are in-congruent with the paragraph. Option 4, though it
seems relevant at first glance, talks about the counterculture movement whose motives for
reverting to the ways of the past were different from those of the science fiction writers.
Vishwaas
on June 27, 2013 at 2:14 pm said:
how is option 2 in congruent with the paragraph??
It hasnt been mentioned earlierin fact the idea in option 3 has already been stated in the
paragraph(easy money..) so option 3 does not take the idea forward.
whereas option 2 not only taks the idea forward but is in sync with the tone.
pls elaborate further.
GP
Vishwaas, Option 3 is not a repetition of what has been mentioned in the passage.
The last sentence of the passage gives one way of easy money (simpler
storytelling) option 3 gives another way sequels so it is in continuity with the
passage.
Kaku
GP Sir
I love you for this article. This has saved me from attempting additional RC questions just to increase my
of attempts. Thanks a lot!
Do you have similar articles on Parajumbles, Choose out of context idea from a coherent paragraph,
RCs ?
Thanks a zillion!
GP
on April 22, 2013 at 3:12 pm said:
Kaku, apologies for the inordinate delay in responding to your queries. Ill be finishing the queries
of CAT 12 students, who have to take decisions, on institutes by tomorrow morning and will
respond to all your questions tomorrow.
Will be writing on Parajumbles and other topics also for CAT 13. For RC you can refer to the
articles written by Gejo in this blog itself.
Kaku
Sir
How to solve this quesn by your approach?
Fashion firms have their clothes made in China. This is cheap but managing a long supply chain is hard.
Inditex, by contrast sources its products from Spain, Portugal and Morco. This costs more but the supply
chain is short, it can react quickly to new trends. Instead of betting on tomorrows look, Inditex can wait to
see what customers are actually buying and make that.
a) While others are stuck with unwanted stock, Inditex sells at full price.
b) Yesterdays catch must be discounted and may not sell.
c) Will its fast-fashion model be copied, or bettered, by others?
d) Europe is stagnant and ageing- Inditex needs new markets.
Also how to identify what this passage is focusing on, as in, is it focusing on Inditex in particular or
Fashion firms or the supply chain model?
GP
Choice a) okay in terms of continuity comparison of Inditex vs others. Take the though forward.
Choice b) okay in terms of continuity but is actually extending the argument contained in Choice
(a)
Choice c) Incorrect, Change of track so continuity is an issue.
Choice d) Incorrect, on account of scale (market size) and scope (new markets or new strategy)
and continuity.
Between (a) and (b) Choice (a) is preferred because it is extending the thought while Choice (b)
could be the next statement after Choice (a)
Kaku
Sir, How is there a change of track in (c)?
Kaku
We can say that the contrast idea is being taken forward, or no?
GP
The passage focuses on the strength of Inditex with regards to its shorter supply chain. The
passage talks about the positive effects of such a system. It should continue in the same line of
thought. The contrast shown with the competitors should also follow. Option (a) continues with this
idea by contrasting the results of such an operation model for Inditex and its competitors.
Kaku
Sir
Why not option B or C?
Kaku
Q. There was a time when the Indian Army was placed on a high pedestal- the soldier was considered the
most honorable of men and his wife, the noblest of them all. Though the wife lived in the dread of a
midnight call that brought the dreadful news, she was the epitome of equanimity and grace. She took
everything in her stride. She knew the importance of community living and her duties towards the families
of the troops, while the husband led the men into the battle field.
a) Discipline and duties were bywords for not just the men, even the women were married to men.
b) Equally well, she could throw a dinner for 20 people at an hours notice.
Which is a more appropriate choice to complete the para wrt scope, size, tone, flow?
Both look equally good. Why should I rule one of them out? Also how to figure that out in the exam? or
should we leave such questions?
Please explain this. Also a lot of other posts by me are awaiting moderation. Kindly see if they can be
brought up on this forum.
GP
Choice (a) correct on account of continuity, it sums up the paragraph.
Choice (b) incorrect on account of scope and continuity (equally well)
Team CL
The passage is not about the qualities of a wife, or the ability of a woman to manage multiple
things. We can therefore eliminate option (2). The passage is about how a soldiers wife
contributed. The passage suggests that it was not only that the husband was committed to the
army, it was also his wife who made the commitment. Option (a) takes this forward by explaining
that both the partners in a marriage lived by the words of discipline and duty.
Kaku
I am sometimes attacked for imposing rules. Nothing could be further from the truth. I hate rules. All I do
is report on how consumers react to different stimuli. I may say to a copywriter, Research shows that
commercials with celebrities are below average in persuading people to buy products. Are you sure you
want to use a celebrity? Call that a rule? Or I may say to an art director, Research suggests that if you
set the copy in black type on a white background, more people will read it than if you set it in white type
on a black background.
1)Guidance based on applied research can hardly qualify as rules.
2)Thus, all my so called rules are rooted in applied research.
3)A suggestion perhaps,but scarcely a rule.
4)Such principles are unavoidable if one wants to be systematic about consumer behavior.
5)Fundamentally it is about consumer behavior not about celebrities or type settings.
Dear Sir
Kindly let me know if my logic is correct. More than getting the correct answer, I believe we must know as
to why others were a bad choice.
4) out of scope- principle??
5) scope- focus is on rules actually being rules here, not consumer behavior.
1, 2, 3 are close.
but the author says he reports.
1 and 3 talk about guidance and suggestions. When you give a report, you just present a scenario, you
dont give suggestions/ guidance. So, 1 & 3 should be ruled out.
I cannot think how to rule out 2, though my gut feeling says that this options doesnt gel with the
paragraph. I do not know the explanation for that. Kindly provide one.
Official Answer is 3.
How to rule out 1 & 2. Why 3 over 1?
Should such a set be attempted?
GP
You have rightly eliminated Choice 4 and 5.
Choice 2 is incorrect as it is against the tone. It says all my so called rules, the author will
not use the word rules for what he does. Guidance or suggestion are okay.
Choice 1 and 3 are very close and it is difficult to eliminate either of them. If you assume the
paragraph to be a bit serious then you will go for Choice 1 but if you think that it is a bit light
hearted then you will go for Choice 3
Kaku
Sir
Thank you for replying back to all the queries. I really appreciate your help here.
The author has mentioned the use of rules in so called rules. Isnt that the reason he
used so called? i.e. he doesnt wish to use the word rules for what he does, thats why he
says so called rules, or am I wrong?
Team CL
This is a fairly tough question. Options 1 , 2 and 3 are quite close and it is very difficult to
eliminate 1 and 2. The author is trying to make light of the fact that he quotes data and uses
rules. The use of word scarcely has been done for that purpose. He tries to give this tendency
of his the name of suggestion rather than rule. The tone of the author suggests that option (3)
should follow.
Kaku
People may be attracted to those who have similar attitudes, values, and beliefs and even marry them at
least in part on the basis of this similarity because attitudes are highly visible and salient characteristics
and they are fundamental to the way people lead their lives. Personality-related characteristics, on the
other hand, take much longer to be known. However, once people are in a committed relationship, it is
primarily personality similarity that influences marital happiness because being in a committed
relationship entails regular interaction and requires extensive coordination in dealing with tasks, issues
and problems of daily living. ____.
1)But Nature doesnt really care whether they get along or not, as long as the two procreate.
2)That is why we try to choose someone with the same interests as we, someone from a similar
background, with the same values, and with whom we have a lot in common.
3)Hence couples with similar temperaments tend to get along better, and that similar attitudes and beliefs
are not an important factor.
4)Where personality similarity is likely to facilitate this process, personality differences may result in more
friction and conflict in daily life.
5)Exceptions generally do not arise when some external factors, like interference of in-laws, is playing a
role in the couples unhappiness, not their personalities.
1) out of scope- Nature
2) similar background rules out this choice
5) out of scope- external factors.
Though this option should be out of scope, they have mentioned Exceptions like
Does this change the definition of our scope, as in, if there is a set where we have a passage and
something which is out of scope is mentioned with exception. Should we evaluate that choice on other
grounds. i.e flow, tone too?
4) should be out of scope. Personality difference is a new idea.
3) could be correct. How to decide between 3 and 4?
Official Answer- 4.
GP
Choice 1, 2 and 5 have been correctly eliminated.
Choice 3 is incorrect on account of continuity (here repetition of an idea) it is the same as ..it
is primarily personality similarity that influences marital happiness
Team CL
The passage , in the last lines , explains why personality similarities are important. Option (4)
takes this forward by explaining what happens if the personalities do not match. Option (3) is a
reiteration of what has already been stated, and can be eliminated.
Kaku
Existentialism is the view of life which focuses on a man and in so doing denies that any man is to be
measured or equated against any class called man in any sense of experience. Since man traditionally is
classified in terms of his mind, body and will against the framework of an external world, the existential
position denies, utterly, the certainty of any external world, as object, and denies, utterly, the assertion
that any rule physical, emotive, or intellectual is valid in relation to the single individual.
__________________ .
(1) The exponent of existentialism considers the traditional world to be one of illusion.
(2) Man is not an accidental expression of colliding atoms which continuously move in a random
fashion.
(3) It is quite interesting to analyze organized religion with this background.
(4) It is the consciousness of a man that he is existing in terms of his own flowing of experience, a flow
which is governed by natural laws.
(5) Therefore, the existentialist is free to choose because there are no objective standards to inhibit or
constrain his choice.
1) Could be correct: deductible from the passage: Is it a repetition of an idea already mentioned? Isnt it
continuing what has been said about traditional world. i.e. the author doesnt approve of the classifications
done by the traditional world.
2) Scope: atoms-new idea
3) religion: out of scope
4) How to rule out this one?
5) Scope: where does the question about his choice comes from? All we are talking about is that man is
independent of the external world, contradictory to traditional classifications.
OA:5
Was this an easy/moderate set?
GP
Difficult question.
You have correctly eliminated Choice 2, 3 and 5.
Choice 1 is also out of scope illusion
Hence the only remaining choice choice (4) is the answer
Pulkit
What does OA: 4 mean? Does it mean that option 4 is the correct choice? But according
to GP, the correct option is 1. Sir, please clarify this.
GP
Pulkit, the correct answer is Choice (1). Statements 3, 2 and 4 form a coherent
paragraph.
Team CL
This is not an easy question. The passage states that Existentialism means that man is defined
only by his own experiences and should not be classified against any preconceived class or
experience. Option (4) sums up this definition by saying that it is only the consciousness of
existence that defines a man ( according to existentialism ) and he should be governed only by
natural laws ( and not according to the predefined classes ).In this option it refers to
Existentialism. Option (a) is not correct as the passage only states the position of existentialists
that man should not be measured in terms of the external world. This does not mean that they
consider the world illusionary.The other options , as you correctly pointed out, are out of scope.
Kaku
Choose the odd one out (the one that does not fit the context) in this para jumble set:-
1.There is no doubt that hedge-fund managers have been good at making money for themselves.
2.With keen eyes and sharp brains, they spot and exploit inefficiencies in the markets.
3.HEDGE-fund managers are the smartest investors around.
4.Or at least that is what the industry tells its clients.
My take is 2 follows 3 for sure. So, 1/4 is to be checked. 4 looks out of context because industry is
used. Hedge fund industry is not being talked about. It is the managers who are being talked about.
OA: 4
GP sir: Kindly help me with this
GP
on June 12, 2013 at 7:26 am said:
Kaku, you are right that 3 and 2 are connected. Additionally 3,2 and 4 form a coherent chain. 4
says that 3 & 2 are what the industry (hedge fund) tells the clients.
Kaku
Sir, solving these PCs by your approach I think I missed out on something. Kindly let me know what is it?
Q1. Dozens of muscles are exercised when one laughs heartily. Endorphins get activated in the brain
promoting a sense of joy and well-being. Also, many scientific studies have pointed to the healing effect of
laughing. And when one is able to laugh at oneself, there is an added psychological benefit too.
a)For we will be able to laugh at our mistakes and handle criticism better.
b)For this signals to others and ones own self that one is emotionally secure and comfortable under
ones skin.
B) others is used, so it is a violation on account of scale.
A) seems correct but intuitively not the best option
OA is b)
Why B despite violation of scale, or am I wrong in eliminating this? No violation?
Q2. AFTER the binge of the holidays, many stumble into January with a hangover, some fragile
resolutions and a desire to shed a few pounds.Alas, few will benefit from rigid calorie-counting or cabbage-
soup slurping. In a recent study of 31 long-term diet plans, the American Psychological Association found
that up to two-thirds of participants ended up heavier than before they started. Some diets are more
sensible than others, but any regimen that promises swift and dramatic results will doom most followers to
failure. Weight-loss pills and surgery are similarly ineffectiveand sometimes dangerousover time.
a)Besides, there have been other gurus, plans, drugs and devices, but most offer short-lived results and
long-term angst.
b)Lasting changes need slow but steady modifications to lifestyle.
c)Yet girth-management is big business, full of charismatic hucksters and fake science (fat-burning lip
balm?), earning $40 billion a year in America alone.
a) Repetition because weight loss pills has already been talked about. So, no question of drugs or the use
of the word other with drugs allows this and doesnt make this redundant?
b) Too generalized, could be a choice.
c) girth management business is a new idea.
Where am I wrong?
OA is C. Was this an easy/ moderate set?
I remember a similar set came in CAT 12 where the next idea could have continued the para but it was a
new idea just like in this example and I eliminated that option.
GP
Q1. There is no violation of scale in B it is infact giving the reason for the last sentence in the
passage. Others is in context with oneself.
Statement A on the other hand is repeating the last sentence and not giving a reason for it, hence
A is incorrect on account of continuity.
Q2. You are on target with Statement A .
Statement B: incorrect on account of continuity. Would have made sense after ..doom most
followers to failure. or just before the last sentence.
Statement C: Okay on continuity, takes the last point forward.
Weight loss pills are ineffective..yet it is good business.
rajeev mahere
but sir, according to passage they r talking about diets first then they stated about
experiment in which they says dieting results in failure and option A yet it repeats
summarizes they para but option C shift d focus from to its market
GP
Rajeev, the Yet.. in option C tells us that despite the ineffectivness of the
remedies, this is good business and hence on account of continuity it is correct.
Kaku
This question is from CL proc mock 2
My lapse from faith occurred as is usual among people on our level of education. In most cases, I think, it
happens thus: a man lives like everybody else, on the basis of principles not merely having nothing in
common with religious doctrine, but generally opposed to it; religious doctrine does not play a part in life,
in interaction with others it is never encountered, and in a mans own life he never has to reckon with it.
Religious doctrine is professed far away from life and independently of it.________________
a)It will often happen, perhaps from the nature of things, that it is impossible to master and express a
religious idea.
b)In the view of doctrinal developments in general, it cannot be denied that those which relate to the
objects of faith have a character of their own, and must be considered separately.
c)If it is encountered, it is only as an external phenomenon disconnected from life.
d)It is the most difficult thing to contemplate upon.
A doctrines definition includes ideas, right?
Now the answer choice a) has been eliminated on grounds that the author is talking about doctrine, not an
idea.
c) is the OA. However, dont you think that it is a repetition of what has been said. It is implied from the
last line of the para.
Why should c) not be eliminated? Why would one eliminate a)? Had the choice been impossible to
master a religious idea rather than impossible to master and express a religious idea, would you go for
a)?
Kindly explain this query. I am anticipating that the amount of time that goes in typing would not be
snubbed. I dont intend to be insolent here, by any means. Its just that I am itching to use my vocab
wherever I can
GP
Kaku, In future do not type the question, just mention the Q.No and the Paper, in this case Proc
Mock 2 Q 31 would have been sufficient. Coming to the question, the paragraph states that
religion does not play any role in day to day life of men and there is hardly any interaction with
religion. Now on to the choices:
Choice a: Incorrect on account of scope, this choice is discussing mastering and expressing a
religious idea.
Choice b: Incorrect on account of scope and continuity.
Choice c: Can be correct on account of scope and continuity. This is taking the last sentence to
completion and also consistent with the fact that interaction with religion is accidental.
Choice d: Incorrect on account of continuity as it is not taking the last sentence forward.
Correct answer: Choice c.
Vishwaas
Proc mock 3 ques 52
The solution says option B can be ruled out because it logically goes against the last sentence which
states that Arthur seems to have woken up to the harsh reality.
why cant option B be correct ??? option B takes into account the opening test match in chennai and the
fact that he didnt do his bit then but after the defeat in the two matches he has woken up .
How is this logic wrong.
GP
Vishwaas, Option (b) is incorrect on account of continuity. It would make sense after Choice (a)
hitesh
Sir, Is 2 months time sufficient to crack the CAT 2013 ? PLEASE DO REPLY.
GP
Hitesh, it is sufficient if you can put in about 8 hours per day.
If you are enrolled with CL for a classroom program then focus on Mock CATs, Tet Gym Adaptive,
MCQs at the end of Fundabooks and past CAT papers.
If you are not enrolled with CL then consider the option of enrolling for Smart CAT Cracker + Test
Gym + Smart Test Cracker (Test Series). You can enroll at your nearesrt CL center or online at
http://www.careerlauncher.com/ecenter/EProduct.jsp
Rahul
Hi Sir ,
Please put a blog post on Rules to Master Para Jumbles . It would be of great help. Thanks in advance
GP
Rahul, sure will try to write one.
Rahul
Hi Sir, please explain Q51 of unproc mock 5.
I am not satisfied with the solution given in Unproc 5 solution . My approach to the wrong answer choice
C is given below:
CB looks a mandatory pair to me. this approach in C refers to the secular, rationalist education in B
DA also seems to be a mandatory pair as D tells beforehand why He inspired emulators in several
countries and aroused the enmity of the church.
GP
Rahul, CB is not possible. If these have to be together and this approach in C refers to secular,
rationalist education in B even then it should be BC.
Emulators in A refers to the emulators of his School and hence it should be C A and not DA.
akash
Sir, Im a non-engineer. I have almost completed funda books exercises. Now, should I consult book by
Arun Sharma or re-do all the exercises of cl material. Im still not confident in many areas of Quant. And
sir, please upload funda book videos of algebra, number system, geometry. Request!!
and sir your pedagogy helps non-engineers a lot!!
GP
Akash, you should redo the important MCQs from the CL exercises and the funda-books, practice
questions from Test Gym and also attempt the section tests in the Take Offs (Verbal Ability and
QADI).
Mohit Singhal
Sir,i have finished all the funda books in quant(except P&C which i m nvr able to understand)and i have
also given all the section and topic tests on sis,but still,i am only scoring between 35-40 marks in quant in
the mocks,even i am analyzing the mocks regularly,still though i am not getting where the problem lies
and there is not enough time left..can u please help
GP
Mohit, are you revising the important questions from all the Mocks, section tests and Fundabook
MCQs at least once a week? Revision will usually lead to better scores.
Chirag
Sir
Can u plz help in this question
1. Making people laugh is tricky.
A. At times, the intended humour may simply not come off.
B. Making people laugh while trying to sell them something is a tougher challenge, since the commercial
can fall flat on two grounds.
C. There are many advertisements which do amuse but do not even begin to set the cash registers
ringing.
D. Again, it is rarely sufficient for an advertiser simply to amuse the target audience in order to reap the
sales benefit.
6. There are indications that in substituting the hardsell for a more entertaining approach, some agencies
have rather thrown out the baby with the bath-water.
a.CDBA
b.ABCD
c.BADC
d.DCBA
e.CADB
Answer is BADC but I think A goes perfectly with starting sentence. Continuity of B with first sentence
looks inconsistent.
GP
Chirag, Both Statement A & B can come after 1 but B is a better choice.
Statement B: ..commercials can fall flat on two grounds. Hence the next two statements
should give these two ground and they are given in Statement A and D. Hence BAD is a
combination.
Paresh Sinha
Thank You Sir!!!
ankita
sir, how close is the difficulty level of the questions of test gym (L2 and L3) to the real CAT questions ???
GP
Ankita, similar to or more difficult than CAT.
ankita
okay
sir ,I have completed my fundabooks n m practising test gym these days where I get
decent score but m not able to improve my score in mock cat . I m not able to find my
fault that where m lagging.
GP
Ankita, along with practice you need to focus on revision also. Please refer to my
blogpost Things you must-do after every mock you take for details.
Saurabh Bhatia
Sir,i have finished the vocabulary book which is provided to us in the first packet(done with all the words in
the book and exercises at the back).I would like to know if is that sufficient or i need to go for some other
material?
GP
Saurabh, please refer to my blogpost Crack Vocab & Sentence Correction in 60 days for
guidance on Vocabulary.
Ashish Singh
Sir,i have a problem in this question of quant(from Proc Mock-5).
Q)If (a*b)^(c*d)=(e*f),
(c*d)^(e*f)=(a*b)
(e*f)^(a*b)=(c*d)
where a,b,c,d,e,f are all non zero integers,then the sum of all possible values of (a+b+c+d+e+f) will be
a).8
b).6
c).0
d).16
the solution provided marks the answer as 0,but i am not getting that why the answer is only 0,why it isnt
6 because at the very first look on the question,most of us will mark the answer as 6 only,so why the
answer is 0 only???
GP
Ashish, please check the video analysis of the question. It has been explained there.
prashant gupta
Sir,i am facing a serious problem.Whenever i give a mock(quant section),i dont know what happens to me
that time and i dont attempt and even not able to identify the questions which i can do very easily.And
when the mock gets over,once again i try to do all the questions in 70 minutes only without having a look
at the solutions.Then everytime i notice that my score always get double from what i am able to score in
mock.I am able to solve most of the questions very easily which i could have solved in that 70 minutes
time too but i dont know what happens to me that time.In proc mock-7 too,my score in quant was 29,but
when i solved again(without solution),i was able to score 49 marks.What should i do so that i can get out
from this disater.
GP
Prashant, please call me at 9811155160 to discuss the issue.
Vishal
Hello Sir,
Great article. Please give some guidelines for paragraph sequencing questions.
GP
on July 18, 2014 at 6:23 am said:
Vishal, will come out with an article on PJ soon.
ashish gupta
Sir your insightful article on parajumbles is much awaited by me
Pooja Singh
Great tips sir! Thank you for the guidance.
priya
Mr GP would you please apply you rules on this question
Many people certainly do have a sense that, if you do physics, you cant avoid philosophy. But different
conclusions are drawn from this. Some dismiss the philosophers, saying its the physicists who are the
ones really doing the philosophy; while others complain that the problem with physicists is that theyre
doing philosophy,___
a) and they are doing it well.
b)but theyre not equipped to do it.
c)and paying less attention towards their main domain i.e. Physics.
d)but with vested interests like fame that outlives their otherwise mundane life.
GP
Priya, my answer is Choice (b). Explanation is given below:
Choice a. Incorrect on account of continuity and tone.
Choice b. Correct on account of continuity and tone.
Choice c. Incorrect on account of scope.
Choice d. Incorrect on account of scope.
priya
Thanks a lot ..boss
Now I really believe that your fundas work.BUT..(Its a long but)..I have encountered
some problem when answer options are the first line of next paragraph , since next
paragraph can start with a new idea.(I have came across many such questions). Can you
please help me with this one.
After six years in economic doldrums and despite the US economys rally many
business leaders across the globe still seem paralysed when it comes to growth
strategies.
a)Were in the midst of the longest and most perplexing recessionary period ever
b)Despite all this, two factors are fairly clear: one, business leaders have always lived with
uncertainty. Two, if money is not invested to spur real growth, expansion and innovation,
its certain that none of these will occur.
c)For example, mergers and acquisitions are down 14% globally since 2008 and have
plummeted 35% in Europe.
d)Business leaders can anticipate change by understanding that a lot of what seems like
uncertainty is actually unfamiliarity
GP
Priya, apologise for the delay, I was travelling and could not respond earlier.
The paragraph ends with introducing the paralysis of business leaders and the
correct my answer choice should take the thought forwards.
Choice a. Incorrect on account of continuity. Also goes against the initial thought of
the paragraph.
Choice b. Incorrect on account of continuity and scope (introduces new idea)
Choice c. Could be correct on account of continuity example of paralysis of
business leaders.
Choice d. Incorrect on account of tone and continuity.
Correct answer: Choice c.
priya
Reply Please.?
Ipsita Mishra
Typically, the question creator will take a short paragraph from a book or an article and remove the last
sentence and your Para Completion question and the correct answer choice are ready. The only thing
missing are the three incorrect choices.
EPIC!
And thank you so much for the articles. I found them today and am so glad i did!
Gejo
Thanks Ipsita
Samapika Draghima
Can the last sentence in a para completion introduce a new idea? Is there any generalised rule for this??
GP
Samapika, the last statement is a culmination of the idea/thought in the para and should not be
introducing a new idea.
Ashok
Thank you sir.
Can you also share an article on tips to crack Out of Context kind of questions.
Samapika Draghima
But sir in many para completion questions the given correct ans is a new idea(though not out of context).
The explanation usually given is that it takes the idea/ argument forward.
GP
Samapika, it is a function of the choices. Our task is to pick up the best among the choices.
Something that takes the idea forward is okay in terms of Continuity.
jaswanth
THANK U SIR .FOR YOUR VALUABLE TIPS.THIS REALLY WORKS IN MY PROCS AND OTHER
EXAMS
Sharan Bakshiram
thank you sir for these rules..it really helped me in solving para completion questions fast and with good
accuracy.. Sir, im facing problems with para jumbles. it consumes a lot of time and i end up choosing the
incorrect option most of the time. so Sir, plz shed some light on how to solve para jumbles questions also.
Sharan Bakshiram
and Sir if u can include the special type of para jumbles questions, that would be great..
vikas haritwal
Sir i have a doubt in question 2 i have select my option 3 but answer is something else
GP
Vikas, the original passage has choice (c) as the last line but we do not have the luxury of the
original passage while answering the question and can only logically deduce the answer and
between choice (c) and (e) my preference is for (e).
vinit
Sir
How to solve questions of following type:
given are 4 statements of which 3, when placed in proper order would form a contextually complete
paragraph. Pick the statement that is not part of that context??????????
GP
Vinit, the same way as you do a Para Jumble identify mandatory pair/combinations.
Ravi
Hi Sir,
For question 3 cant we select C option on the basis of continuity?? In the penultimate sentence we talk
about the companies and then in the 3rd option too we are talking about companies..? Plz help
Thanks,
Ravi
GP
Ravi, it is out of scope so continuity will not matter. The passage is about digital storytelling and
not companies.
Deepak
Thank you sir for providing us with this effective method of solving para completion.
Sir i am having problem in solving sentence elimination questions in verbal ability section. can you provide
me with a solution for solving those questions as you have provided for para completion?
GP
Deepak, will post a blog on this in a day or two.
Deepak
i am really thankful to you sir, for considering my request and providing with those 10
practice question.
jayanti hazra
sir,i would be appearing CAT 2014,please provide me with tips and strategies so that i score well in the
two sections.7 months is still left.how can i improve my vocabs and rc within this time?
Team CL
Jayanti, you should read a daily news paper and a couple of magazines to improve your reading
and comprehension skills. For basic vocabulary Word Power Made Easy by Norman Lewis can
be extremely helpful.
Siddhartha
Sir, I have 80%+ scores in 10 and 12. But my B.Com score has ended with 49%. What are my best
options for pursuing MBA? Which entrance exams are possible for me? Thanking you in advance
GP
Siddhartha, unfortunately with less than 50% in graduation most of the B schools are not possible
for you. A few B schools like XLRI do not ask for 50% in graduation and are possible for you. An
alternate option is to work for a few years and then go for an executive MBA from IIMs or ISB since
their eligibility requirement is graduation only.
Siddhartha
What will be the %ile I will need to score in XAT, for admission in XLRI?
GP
Siddhartha, a XAT score of 95%ile with over 90%ile in each section can get you
calls from both the programs of XLRI BM and HRM. However your target score
should be over 97%ile
Siddhartha
Thank you Sir, thanx a lot.
Ayush
Sir,
i have been attempting 2 RCs a day with 6-7questions in each RC. it takes me 5 mins to read and another
8-9 mins to answer the question. Therefore,it takes me around 13-15 mins to do an RC completely with
85-90% accuracy. Having said that, could you please tell me whether my speed is fine, or do I need to be
quicker?
GP
Ayush, while you could increase your speed but 6-7 RC questions and reading the passage in 13-
15 minutes is acceptable. With CAT about 3 months away you should try reducing the time by 2-3
minutes.
Ankita
Sir
I recently practised RCs,hoping that I will do better but I flunked the mocksdoing worse than
before..Please give some tips to attempt the RCs in a better way.
GP
Ankita, Gejo will be uploading blogs on RC shortly.
Ankita
Ok Sir thnks
cat aspirant
SIR though this is a different topic but want to know what will be approximate cut off for IIFT for sc
candidate? I dint find it anywhereplaese guide.
GP
cat aspirant, the SC cut off for IIFT last year was 40 marks.
Rahul
Hi Sir ,
I completed all the CL booklets ( booklets of year 2010-2011) in 2012 and completed all the SIS in 2013 (
test gym + mocks). This year I am revising my CL books and also solving CL hand outs ( as I havent
done those before this) . Which other books should I refer for :-
1. CAT QA
2. CAT DI ( tell for calc based and logic based separately)
3. CAT RC
4. CAT EU
5. CAT LR .
CAT 2012 QA= 77 VA=91 OA = 90.98
CAT 2013 QA=69 VA=77 OA = 77
Based on my scores , please tell me a personalized strategy . I am targeting more than 99.6 percentile
overall.
will be eagerly waiting for your reply .
Thanks and Regards,
Rahul
GP
Rahul, call me at 9811155160 in the evening to discuss.
Anshul Mittal
Thanks a lot, sir, for the wonderful article on para-completions
Vishal
Dear GP Sir,
I am Vishal having acad (X-78, XII- 58, Grad-66) & work exp- 38 months. NC OBC. I am Appearing for CAT-
14 & Other major MBA entrance this year. Please tell how much i need to score for old IIMs & new IIMs?
How many correct question do i need to solve in each section? Looking to my current profile if i managed
to get more than 95% can i have chance to get call from A,B,C?
Thanks inn Advance
GP
Vishal, a NC-OBC candidate with a good academic record and a 3 year work experience can get
calls from all IIMs at 95%ile but with low marks in XII and graduation you should target around
98%ile for the top IIMs (A,B & C).
Vishal
Thanks GP Sir. Can you please tell me according to CAT-13 how many correct question
(considering 2-3 wrong) were fetched 98%
GP
Vishal, in CAT13 one needed about 9-11 net correct answers in a section to get a
score of 97.5%ile in each section which would result in an overall score of 98.5-
99%ile.
Harman
sir, i have a same query work ex 24 months now left job preparing for cat. will this be a hindrance
in admission or during interview
GP
Harman, will come out with an article on PJ soon.
poushali
Sir, my academic profile is as follows-
x-78%
xii-80.5%
B.tech-8.3(upto 5th sem)
what percentile should i target to get calls from the newer iims or from the other top rank colleges in this
years cat?
GP
poushali, with a good academic record you can get calls from all IIMs. A general category
candidate needs a CAT score of over 99.5%ile for top IIMs, over 99%ile for other old IIMs, FMS
and IIT Mumbai and around 97.5%ile for new IIMs, other IITs, MDI, NITIE etc.
Anshul Mittal
Hi Sir.
Would you please explain the answer of following question?
Thanking you in advance.
A century and a half ago, Charles Darwin detailed his theory of evolution by natural selection in his book
On the Origin of Species. How does this remarkably successful theory apply to life on our planet? How
have the scientists of subsequent generations built on Darwins ideas?______________________.
a.) Darwins general theory presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely
naturalistic (undirected) descent with modification.
b.) And can Darwins theory of Evolution be aligned with the evolutionary worldview, which is as old as
antiquity?
c.) Natural selection is the preservation of a functional advantage that enables a species to compete better
in the wild
d.) And does revisiting the original theory shed new light on the remaining puzzles?
Answer-> d)
But sir, option d) changes the scope to other remaining puzzles which are nowhere mentioned in the
para.?
GP
Anshul, the first line introduces theory and the subsequent lines ask questions on the applicability
of the theory. So, for continuity, the correct answer choice should either answer the questions that
have been raised or ask another question. If question is asked then it would obviously not be the
same as the earlier two and would expand the scope of the passage. Hence Choice (d) is
acceptable on account of continuity.
Amit Singhal
Dear Sir,
I am general category student , B.Tech from IIIT with CPI 6.6, X 78.5 and XII 73.5 both from Rajasthan
Board, and presently working with BHEL Govt. 28 Months work exp. How much should I score to get call
from Old IIMs and New IIMs (considering normalization for academics) ? What should be strategy for IIFT/
NITIE?
GP
Amit, IIMA is unlikely due to your not so good academic performance which will be compensated
by your 28 month work experience in case of IIMB. Since IIMC does not consider graduation
marks for interview shortlisting you have a chance here also. Your target score for IIMC should be
over 99.7%ile, for IIMB, FMS, IIT Mumbai and other top IIMs it should be over 99%ile and the new
IIMs, NITIE, other IITs and MDI it should be over 97%ile.
Ayush
Sir,
I face problem in VA while attempting the question in which we are supposed to find out incorrect usage of
word. Can you please help me in that? What should I do?
GP
Ayush, this is the most difficult part of CAT and since you can be asked about the usage of any
word it will require a huge effort to ensure that these 1-2 questions are answered correctly. An
extensive reading habit would have helped but it cannot be cultivated in the short time available to
us. Suggest that you focus on the words that are there in the material and Mocks and ignore the
rest.
sudhansu
Sir ,
Just wanted to know that is there any difference between the degree provided by TISS in HR is different
from the normal regular MBA degree ? they say it as MA. and please put some light on the placements of
the college.
GP
Sudhansu, TISS gives an MA in HRM but in the industry it is considered at par with MBA.
Sidhanshu
Sir, I am Not able to solve Geometry Questions and very weak in that. Sir What should I do to cover up
this ?
GP
Sidhanshu, focus on Algebra, Number System and DI. Geometry typically has around 6 questions
in CAT out of which a couple are very easy and you should be able them too. Algebra and No.
System typically contribute to about 10-11 questions in CAT and along with the 9 DI questions
and 2-3 Arithmetic questions you have about 22 questions to work on.
Sidhanshu
Thanks alot Sir.
Ayush
Sir,
i will be giving cat 15. I had appeared for cat 13. Geometry was a weak area .can you please tell me how
to start with it so that i can have a strong base before doing cat level questions.
GP
Ayush, start with IX-X standard Maths book to clear the basics and then go through Geometry in
your study material.
Ayush
Sir, can you come out with a strategy on identify odd one out sentence.. Will be really helpful
GP
Ayush, will do so shortly.
Devanshu
Para Completion..
Trade protectionism, disguised as concern for the climate, is raising its head. Citing competitiveness
concerns, powerful industrialized countries are holding out threats of a levy on imports of energy-intensive
products from developing countries that refuse to accept their demands. The actual
source of protectionist sentiment in the OECD countries is, of course, their current lacklustre economic
performance, combined with the challenges posed by the rapid economic rise of China and India in that
order.
(1) Climate change is evoked to bring trade protectionism through the back door.
(2) OECD countries are taking refuge in climate change issues to erect trade barriers against these two
countries.
(3) Climate change concerns have come as a convenient stick to beat the rising trade power of China and
India.
(4) Defenders of the global economic status quo are posing as climate change champions.
(5) Todays climate change champions are the perpetrators of global economic inequity.
please help
GP
Devanshu, the paragraph talks about the OECD countries using climate concerns as a cover for
trade protectionism and to safeguard their economic interests against the economic rise China
and India. The correct answer choice should either carry forward the thought in the last sentence
or conclude the idea.
Choice 1. Incorrect on account of continuity, this is a repetition of the what has been mentioned in
the first line of the paragraph.
Choice 2. Incorrect on account of continuity, this to is a repetition of the what has been mentioned
in the the paragraph.
Choice 3. Incorrect as this too is a repetition.
Choice 4. Could be correct as it is summarising the thought behind the paragraph.
Choice 5. Incorrect as it is outside the scope. Global economic inequity is a new idea.
Shayantu Sinha Roy
It is a sad commentary that judicial pronouncements of late provide ample ground for criticism an debate
.the police now feel stifled to perform their duty and assign tasks , as forces in armed combat cannot
function with the prospect of a murder charge hovering over them thanks to impractical or unrealistic
judicial pronouncement . the morale fr those facing bullets is hit. courtroom logic doesnt cut ice for the
underpaid ,overworked jawan risking life and livelihood for lofty ideals.he cannot perform if he is not
guaranteed security from prosecution for genuine exchanges of fire. human rights are sacrosanct.
a. no one advocates fake killings , be it of innocents or criminals.
b. but the life and security of forces fighting the battle must be paramount.
c. legal pundits are unanimous on several points.
d. life and security of citizens is paramount
kindly answer as what my logic dictates is not the answer also the explanation
//br
shayantu
Shayantu
Actually I had thought it to be option b as the passage is regarding the security person and their
inability to work because as forces in armed combat cannot function with the prospect of a
murder charge hovering over them thanks to impractical or unrealistic judicial pronouncement
written in the passage. So shouldnt it be b as we can say that though human life is sacrosant
but still life of security forces should also be given due importance as they are fighting for us also
mentioned in the passage is It is a sad commentary that judicial pronouncements of late provide
ample ground for criticism an debate .the police now feel stifled to perform their duty and assign
tasks. Doesnt all this indicate that security forces should be given paramaount importance while
fighting as questions being raised against them hampers them in performing their duties ??
GP
Shayantu, the focus of the passage is not on the physical safety of the security forces but
on the lack of operational freedom due to legal issue where they could be charged with
murder for performing their duties.
GP
Shayantu, none of the choices is very good but choice (a) is possibly the best among these.
Choice a could be correct on account of continuity wrt the last statement.
Choice b is against what is given in the passage.
Choice c is incorrect on account of continuity.
Choice d is incorrect as it is out of scope. The paragraph is about giving sufficient protection to
security personnel in discharging their duties.
shayantu
Drinking 500ml of beetroot juice a day can significantly reduce blood pressure, research suggests . The
key beneficial ingredient appears to be nitrate , also found in green, leafy vegetables. The researchesrs
found that in healthy volunteers blood pressure was reduced within an hour of drinking the juice. The study
, could suggest a low cost way to treat hypertension.
a. Drinking beetroot juice , or consuming other nitrate-reich vegetables, might be a simple way to maintain
a healthy cardiovascular system
b.What we need now is research to see wether it has an effect on people with high blood pressure over a
much longer period of time
c. There is a growing body of work showing that a rich diet in fruit and vegetables had a beneficial effect on
hypertension
GP
Shayantu, I would go for Choice (b) in this question.
Choice (a) incorrect since it is a repetition of the first line of the para.
Choice (b) correct on account of continuity. The last line of the para talks about the benefits to
healthy and this choice asks the next logical question of the impact on people suffering high blood
pressure.
Choice (c) incorrect as it is expanding the scope by referring to growing body of work and also
talks about fruit which is not mentioned in the paragraph.
Shayantu
Hi Sir,
Even I thought it was b with the same line of reasoning and also that cardiovascular
system was also not mentioned in the para.
But the answer is a and i was not able to understand why
Rakesh Pawar
hi GP,
I am currently working in an IT company since 11 months and i am preparing for CAT2014.
I had obtained 86% in X ,84% in XII and 67% in BE.
This is second time i am appearing for CAT and obtained 70 %ile in the first.
will I get a call from top IIMS if i score above 90%ile with above academics?
Right now I am searching for CAT new pattern Mock Test Series.
If mock tests are available in career launcher ,for which i should enroll?
Thanks for your reply in advance.
GP
Rakesh, you can get calls from almost all IIMs despite a 67% in graduation due to work
experience and very good marks in X & XII. However if you are a general category candidate then
you should have over 99%ile and if an OBC candidate you would need over 95%ile.
CL has launched the new pattern CAT test series, please click here for details.
ashwin
Very useful article, sir. Thanks a lot. Will you upload more articles on such strategies?
siddhartha
Hi GP sir
been following ur blog which has been of great use lately, my CL mock score has improved from 60
percentile to 98 percentile in the last but the change of pattern has made my situation dicey, i would like
to know how many attempts u suggest in new mocks starting soon as earlier my attempts would range
from 37-40. also i have missed the sqc session conducted in pune can i find a video or youtube link where
such session video is available. looking forward for ur reply.
GP
Siddhartha, in the new pattern also you will be able to do well, just ensure adequate time to each
section. It is poor time management that is usually responsible for poor scores in this kind of
paper. The default time split could 70-85 minutes for VALR and the rest to QADI. Since the total
time has gone up by 25% your initial target could be about 25% more attempts in each section.
Will be conducting an online SQC in Sept but most probably the session will be repeated in Pune
and you could attend the same.
saikat
sir I have 85.11% in std X, 72.57% in std XII and gpa 7.88. How much percentile in CAT 2014 can get me
at IIM A,B,C or FMS?
GP
Saikat, while 72.57% in XII is a bit low you can still get calls from the IIM A, B & C with a CAT
core of over 99.6%ile. For FMS and other top IIMs you will need a score of over 99%ile.
shayantu
Hi GP,
I have got a score of 90% in 10th 88% in 12th and 73 % in B.Tech.
I have also got a work ex. of 25 months as of july in WIPRO.
Can you tell me the required percentile to get into FMS, NITIIE , IIMs or IIT Delhi/Mumbai.
Also if i can get a call from IIM A , B or C.
//Shayantu
GP
Shayantu, your target score should be:
1. 99.5%ile for IIM A and C.
2. 99%ile for IIMB, L, I, K, FMS and IIT Mumbai
3. 97%ile for new IIMs, other IITs, MDI, NITIE, SP Jain, IIFT.
IIT Delhi will need over 98%ile,
Diksha
Sir can you please post a similar article explaining how to solve parajumbles.I am realy not good at
parajumbles and tend to get confused most of the times.Thanks in advance.
Achal
Sir, the post is great and very helpful. It has increased my efficiency a lot.
There are limited number of question available for these types in Mocks and in previous years. In SIS also,
there are no specific questions for this(though it is available with Para Jumbles. in which i am very bad).
So it becomes difficult in practicing these types of ques.
So, if you can suggest from where I can get questions for Para Jumbles. As I am planning of doing around
5 ques a day and release burden from RC part.
P.S. Request you to write a blog regarding Para Completion,
Achal
Sir, the post is great and very helpful. It has increased my efficiency a lot.
There are limited number of question available for these types in Mocks and in previous years. In SIS also,
there are no specific questions for this (though it is available with Para Jumbles, in which I am very bad).
So it becomes difficult in practicing these types of ques.
So, if you can suggest from where I can get questions for Para Jumbles. As I am planning of doing around
5 ques a day and release burden from RC part.
P.S. Request you to write a blog regarding Para Jumbles.
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