PENG 462 Renewable and Alternative Energy

I nstructor: Dr Mohamed G Hassan-Sayed

Office: SSE 1007 Lab: 1031
Phone: Ext 2676 Email: m.g.hassan@aucegypt.edu
Lecture Times & Location: See department
Office Hours: as stated on the office door
Text:
1. (comprehensive lecture notes/ tutorials questions will be posted on the web page)
2. Renewable Energy Godfrey Boyle 2004 Oxford Press
3. Alternative Energy Systems Hodge 2011 Wileys
4. Lab manual on blackboard

Out line
Principles of Renewable and Alternative Energy Systems: Wind, Solar, Biogas, Geothermal,
Fuel Cells, and Hydrogen Technologies. Economic Aspects; Efficiency; Introduction to
Nuclear Energy. Connection to Grid, Smart Grids and intermittency, Market liberalization.
Grading and Exams
Your grade is calculated based on 100% Grade total semester points:
Evaluation:
Final grades are calculated from the points earned in the following areas:
Attendance and Participation 3%
Students are expected to attend and actively participate in all classroom sessions.
Pop Quiz +Lab work +Essay 10%
It will consist of problems and questions related to recently covered material in It will be every week. Essay given today
I ndependent projects 7%
Every student is required to spend 10-20 hours on an independent project dealing with a real-life energy management issue,
submit a 3-5 page report, and deliver a 10 min presentation.
Midterm Exam 1&2 50%
Midterm exam It will cover all material covered up to that point.
Final Exam 30%
Final exam will cover all material from the whole semester.
Final Exam is scheduled for May; you will be notified of the specific dates.
Your grade is calculated based on:
A A- B+ B B- C+ C C-
93+ 90-92.9 86-89.9 83-85.9 80-82.9 76-79.9 73-75.9 70-72.9

The format for the Class and Final Exams is short and long questions

NO OTHER EXTRA CREDIT IS OFFERED!! PUT IT OUT OF YOUR MIND.

Attendance and Missed Exams
Attendance in lectures is strongly encouraged. I will post lecture notes online. I believe its
important for you to take and organize notes for yourself. The lecture notes are on the
website.
The lecture notes on the web are incomplete and it is up to you to fill the missing
information from what is provided in class
Make-up exams are given for excused absences only see AUC policy on this!
Expectations I have the following expectations of each student:
1. To spend at least 2 hours a week for ever one hour class. As long as you are
willing to put in the time to understand the material, you will do well.
2. To work through the material presented on the course website.
3. To participate in class discussions Participation includes answering discussion
questions, asking questions to carry the discussion further, and responding or
commenting during the teaching hours (Participation is very important.)
4. To take all quizzes and the final on time and independently.
5. To be academically honest in exams and discussions. Read the AUC policy on
academic dishonesty All answers to questions must be written in your own
words. Sources of information used to answer questions should be given at the end of
your answer.
6. To let me know if you're not keeping up with the course and need help.
7. To be respectful.
Your expectations from me:
1. I will offer you guidance and help you throughout the course.
2. I will be accessible either by email, office phone, or office visit (during office hours)
to answer any questions or concerns you may have.
Topics covered
PART 0: REVIEW & PREPARATION
Week 0 ( Drop and Add Week) Overview of needed background
Review A
Review of Energy Principles
Review of basic physics principles as related to energy generation; foundation of understanding the
performance and efficiency of energy systems

Overview
Technical Performance
Energy Systems and Metrics
Resources How Force, Power, Torque, & Energy Work, HowStuffWorks.com
Energy, Force, Power; Wikipedia.org
Review B
Review of Conventional Power Generation
Review of fundamental principles of contemporary power generation and distribution.
Overview
Fossil Fuels and Fossil Energy
Storage, Transport, Distribution
Electric Power Sector
Resources How Electricity is Created, How Electricity is Distributed,
TampaElectric.com
Electricity Generation, Power Station, Wikipedia.org
How Power Grids Work, HowStuffWorks.com

PART 1: RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
Week 1
Introduction to Sustainable Energy Technologies
Definitions of sustainable energy; patterns of global energy supply and evaluation; fossil fuel energy vs.
sustainable energy; current energy reserves; resource assessment; environmental impacts; historical notes.

Overview
Sustainable Energy
Estimation of Energy Resources
Renewable Energy in Context
Lecture Intro to Sustainable Energy Technologies (slides)
Resources
Renewable Energy, Wikipedia.org
Future Energy Development, Wikipedia.org
References Boyle 1: Intro Renewable Energy

Week 2
Hydro Energy
Extent and prevalence of hydropower; geographic distribution and availability of hydropower resources;
trajectory of hydropower technologies; economics of hydropower; sustainability attributes.

Overview
Hydropower
Lecture Hydro Energy Presentation (slides)
Resources How Hydropower Plants Work, HowStuffWorks.com
References Boyle 5: Hydroelectricity

Week 3
Wind Energy
History of wind energy; global wind resources; wind energy technologies; wind tower and turbine design;
trajectory of wind technology; economics of wind energy, sustainability attributes.

Overview
Wind Energy
Lecture Wind Energy Presentation (slides)
Resources Wind Power, Wind Turbines, Wind Farms, Wikipedia.org
References Boyle 7: Wind Energy
Week 4
Mid term 1 and Oceanic Energy
Overview of oceanic energy; energy generation using tides, waves, and temperature
differentials; trajectories of oceanic technologies; economics of oceanic energy; sustainability attributes.

Overview
Ocean Waves, Tide, and Thermal Energy
Lecture Oceanic Energy Presentation (slides)
Resources How Tidal Power Plants Work, Inventors.About.com
References Boyle 6: Tidal Energy
Boyle 8: Wave Energy

Week 5
Solar Energy
General characteristics; passive and active solar thermal energy; power generation with thermal solar
energy; solar photovoltaic systems (solar cells); trajectory of solar technology; economics of solar energy;
sustainability attributes.


Overview
Solar Energy
Lecture Solar Energy Presentation (slides)
Resources How Solar Cells Work, HowStuffWorks.com
Solar Cell, Wikipedia.org
References Boyle 3, 4 : Solar Photovoltaics, thermal
Week 6
Geothermal Energy
Types of geothermal energy; geographic distribution and availability of geothermal resources;
technological trajectories for exploiting geothermal resources; economics of geothermal energy;
sustainability attributes.


Overview
Geothermal Energy
Lecture Geothermal Energy Presentation (slides)
Resources How Geothermal Energy Works,
Union of Concerned Scientists, ucsusa.org
References Boyle 9: Geothermal Energy
Week 7
Biomass Energy
Promise of biomass energy resources; conversion of biomass to thermal energy; conversion of
biomass to intermediate energy resources (e.g., ethanol); trajectory of biomass technologies;
economics of biomass energy; sustainability attributes.


Overview
Biomass Energy
Lecture Biomass Energy Presentation (slides)
Resources How BioDiesel Works, HowStuffWorks.com
References Boyle 4: Bioenergy

PART 2: ALTERNATIVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
Week 8 Mid term two
Week 9
Nuclear Energy
History and future and nuclear power technologies; global distribution of nuclear power generation;
nuclear fuel resources, processing, use, and disposal; fission vs. fusion power; trajectories of nuclear
technologies; economics of nuclear power; sustainability attributes.

Overview
Nuclear Power
Lecture Nuclear Energy
Resources How Nuclear Power Works, HowStuffWorks.com
How Fusion Reactors Work, HowStuffWorks.com
Week 10
Fossil Fuel Innovation
Fossil fuel technology is not standing still and the fossil fuel industry continues to innovate. We will
examine a number of current initiatives and ideas such as clean coal, carbon sequestration, cogeneration,
coal gasification (syngas), and others; sustainability attributes.

Overview Fossil Fuels & Fossil Energy
Storage, Transport, Distribution
Lecture Sustainable Fossil Fuels Presentation (slides)

Week 11
Renewable Energy Integration
Systems view of renewable energy; prospects for renewable energy; what lies ahead,

Overview
Synergistic Complex Systems
Choosing Among Options
Lecture Renewable Energy Integration (slides)


A-K ABET assessment of objectives
PENG
462
1. Understand the framework within which renewable energy is studied
including the economic, socioeconomic, political, historical and
environmental contexts that are relevant.
2. Produce written and oral presentations of data and analyses of
problems relating to renewable energy that are creative, clear, concise,
and elegant.
3. Use thermodynamic concepts to analyze renewable energy driven
power technologies and be able to determine the energy generating
potential and efficiency of these systems.
4. Have a conceptual understanding of why some forms of energy are
more useful and valuable than others. Use exergetic analysis to make
critical decisions about the worth or value of a source of energy or energy
conversion technology.
5. Have a qualitative knowledge of the main sources of renewable
energy, the origins of these sources and the means by which the sources
can be exploited for energy generation.
6. Using the powerful tool of estimation, determine quantitatively the
amount of energy content in renewable sources available for use.
7. Identify and locate relevant information sources and analytical tools on
renewable energy, energy use, demand, consumption, cost, and required
land/ocean needs.
8. Be familiar with the landscape of technologies most commonly used to
convert renewable energy sources into usable power or heat and analyze
these technologies using both 1st Law (energy) and 2
nd
Law (exergy)
analyses.
9. Have a conceptual understanding for the limits of renewable energy as
a function of scale, location, user, type of renewable, capital cost,
operating cost, and effect on climate change.
10. Design and analyze creative solutions for intermittent energy supply
and demand issues.
C,J,K


D,F,G,I

A,E

A,E, B,C



J,K, G,
H,I
A,E

A,C,E,H,
J

A,E,J,K,
H


H,C, A

B,C,A,E,
H,I

L 2 or less M 3-4
H 5 or higher
Course ABET A-K Outcomes
A B C D E F G H I J K
PENG 462 H L H L H L L H M L M

Relationship of course to program outcomes:
A. An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering
B. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data
C. An ability to analyze and design systems, components, or processes to meet desired needs
within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health
and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability
D. An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams
E. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems using mathematical,
probabilistic tools
F. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility
G. An ability to communicate effectively
H. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global,
economic, environmental, and societal context
I. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning
J. A knowledge of contemporary issues
K. An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for
engineering practice.
Outcome Measurement:
The outcomes of this course are measured through home work, quizzes, Reports, major
exams, and final exam.

Student Survey Questions:
This Course improved my ability to do the following:
1. Apply knowledge of math, science, and engineering.
2. Design a system, component or process to meet desired needs.
3. Function as a member of a multi-disciplinary team.
4. Identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems.
5. Understand my professional and ethical responsibilities.
6. Communicate effectively.
7. Be aware of contemporary issues.
8. Use modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.
Please answer the following questions regarding the course:
1. The level of work required in the course was appropriate for the credit given.
2. My mathematical background for the course was adequate.
3. The amount of time spent on theory and on problem solving was appropriate.
4. My background in energy was adequate.
5. This course strengthened my overall understanding of source of new energy.
6. The design part was appropriate for the course.
7. The computer program(s) in the course were adequate.
In this course, I acquired the following:
1. Be acquainted with energy problems and impact of development on the environment
2. Be acquainted with sources of energy and how to adapt them for energy demands.
3. Be acquainted with PEST analysis for each renewable energy.
4. Be acquainted resource: management, characteristics, storage, collection, utilization, and
control.
5. Be able to use Material and energy balances equation to solve energy problems
6. Be acquainted in integration of new energy, transmission and distribution issues
7. Be acquainted in innovation in the fossil fuel industry
8. List and generally explain the main sources of energy and their primary, secondary and
tertiary use
9. Describe the challenges and problems associated with the use of various energy sources,
including fossil fuels, with regard to future supply and the environment.
10. Discuss remedies/potential solutions to the supply and environmental issues associated
with fossil fuels and other energy resources.
11. List and describe the primary renewable energy resources and technologies.
12. Convert units of energyto quantify energy demands and make comparisons among
energy uses, resources, and technologies.
13. Collect and organize information on renewable energy technologies as a basis for further
analysis and evaluation.





Renewable and Alternative Energy Project
Project Description:
This project serves as a practical application to solar energy. Students are asked to design a PV
system for a building on AUC Cairo Campus. Students will be submitting a report showing all their
work. Moreover they will present their work to the entire class. Students will receive 50% or the grade
on the report and the other 50% on the presentation. Individual efforts in each group will be assessed.
In the project Students will be required to:
1. Choose a location on campus to design a PV system for.
2. Evaluate the location in terms of usable area for PVs and Energy consumption.
3. Perform a market research to allocate the most efficient solar panels to be used.
4. Design the PV system and calculate its energy production and power output (W).
Note: PV system designed will be on grid and no battery usage is required.
5. Use the SMA Sunny Design software to choose the best type of inverter for their system.
6. Draw a schematic of the PV connections (strings in series and parallel) with the inverter and
other safety components of the system.
7. Perform a feasibility and cash flow analysis to convince officials on campus of installing their
PV system.
PV system calculations must include:
Specifications of the chosen solar panel.
Specification of the chosen inverter.
Solar insulation data of the location.
Panels tilt angle and azimuth.
Open circuit voltage of the PV system and if its compatible with the inverter maximum voltage
ratings.
Total power of the system (W).
Total voltage (V) and current (A) produced by the PV system.
Submitted report must include

A cover page
Table of contents
Introduction and objective
Analysis of the location and Analysis of the location energy consumption
PV system Design , calculations and schematic
Feasibility and cash flow analysis (Capital investment, Energy savings, pay back period,
operation and maintenance costs)
Conclusion/recommendation
List of any used References and Appendix ( if needed)

Given on 1
st
day of Class to be Handed in Monday 13
th
of May 2013
The assistant will be available for any help, the SMA Sunny Design software is available free on line
and the TA will conduct a problem session on installing and using.





Essay
This is the list of Essay topic that you have to undertake as part of the PENG 462
You will be assessed on the following criteria
Essay not exceed 2000 words
The material has to be relevant and current nothing older than 2010 for the references
All charts, fig, and tables have to be referenced
Wikipedia is a starting point but not the be all and the end all of knowledge. Use current
magazines for your information as well as any other source
Dont copy information blindly from sources, try to write in your own words
The essay does not have to be a pure academic work inform me of what charities are
doing, or small groups , NGO, the UN, and the individuals
Try to have fun with your topic, tease out the information and most of all make the
reader interested in your topic.
Try not to present your topic in a dry academic manor.
Task given to you on the 1
st
day of class
You mush hand in to me by email on the 16
th
of April after spring brake
All the best
Dr Hassan

Hydro power in East Africa ( Ethiopia Damp and the formation of new country)
Geothermal potential in Africa
Biomass in Africa
Energy security in Africa
Who has the right to nuclear power the Iran dilemma
Zaafaran development and impact on Egypt
the energy need for rebuilding Somalia
solar systems for small building
Energy storage
transmission and distribution of energy in Africa
building Green (the use of smart energy in buildings)
distributed generation for contained community in Africa
tidal wave in Africa
Demand side management of energy in Africa
Renewable energy in Egypt
Nuclear Energy in the UAE
Energy crises after the revolution in Egypt
Energy Demand for food manufacturing the use of renewables
Solar tower in Libya
LPG and LNG in the Mediterranean
New Nile Co Energy project in Egypt