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Contents
CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................................... 2
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS................................................................... 2
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2
4.2 Analysis of findings .............................................................................................................. 2
4.2.1 Age of respondents ........................................................................................................ 2
4.2.2 Gender ............................................................................................................................ 3
4.2.3 Study level ..................................................................................................................... 3
4.2.4 Nationality...................................................................................................................... 4
4.2.5 Activities engaged .......................................................................................................... 5
If yes, what activity do you do? .............................................................................................. 5
4.2.6 Plan for self employment ............................................................................................... 6
4.2.7 Are your parents currently self-employed? .................................................................... 7
4.2.8 Measurements of risk taking potential ........................................................................... 9
4.2.9 Attitudes towards entrepreneurship ............................................................................. 10
4.2.10 Proactive personality .................................................................................................. 11
4.2.11 Perceived behavioural control.................................................................................... 12



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CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the findings from the data obtained from the survey. The analysis followed
the structure of the questionnaire. Graphs are used frequently to illustrate the results visually.
4.2 Analysis of findings
4.2.1 Age of respondents
Figure 4.1: Age of respondents

Source: Survey data
Results show that quite a diverse age range of respondents. As shown in figure 4.1 above, the
majority were above 23 years while there were also respondents younger than 18. Such diversity
was good for the research in that the opinions were also diverse and therefore rich in data.




0
20
40
60
80
100
<18 18 - 20 21 - 23 >23
Age
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4.2.2 Gender
Figure 4.2: Respondents gender

Source: Survey Data
Results show that 52% of the participants were female and 48% were male. Generally there are
very few female entrepreneurs in Namibia. The composition of the sample was therefore every
significant in determining the responses. Men would tend to be positive and more knowledgeable
about entrepreneurship that their female counterparts.
4.2.3 Study level
Figure 4.3: Study level

Source: Survey Data
48%
52%
Male
Female
44%
56%
Undergraduate
Graduate
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Figure 4.3 show that the majority (56%) of the respondents were from the graduate schools of
UNAM and POLYTECHNIC of NAMIBIA (PoN) 44% while only where undergraduates. It was
good for the study to have such a composition because the most of the graduate students are
already engaged in work or business. With such first-hand experience of the business world, their
opinions on entrepreneurial issues were more practical and experienced based as opposed to
undergraduates who may have been basing their responses on theory read in their studies.
4.2.4 Nationality
Figure 4.4 Nationality of respondents

Source: Survey data
Figure 4.4 shows that 45% of the respondents were Namibians, 12% Zimbabweans, 13%
Batswana and others as indicated. The importance of having such a culturally diverse group of
respondents was that each country creates a certain level risk profile among individuals.
Namibians tend to be risk averse and therefore their opinions on entrepreneurship will reflect as
such. In countries like Angola, Zambia and Zimbabwe, there were serious economic challenges
in the past. Such conditions have a big impact on people mindset towards formal employment or
0 10 20 30 40 50
Namibian
Zambian
Zimbabwean
Angolan
Batswana
Other
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entrepreneurship. In these countries there were times where unemploymentwas at its worst
therefore these respondents grew up conditioned that one should fend for themselves. These
experiences helped diversify the opinions found by the survey.
4.2.5 Activities engaged
Figure 4.5: Responses to whether they engage in money making activities

Source: Survey data
If yes, what activity do you do?
The majority of the participants who agreed to engage in money making activities took the roles
of middlemen/broker; this is, linking a supplier to a buyer. The emergence of this trend is
attributed to easy access of the internet. 95% of these respondents which confessed to playing the
role of a broker said that they used electronic social media as a market place, for both sourcing
goods and buyers. The 5% used other methods to source goods, such as working on commission
for various retailers; however they used electronic social media to market these products. A few
students that are good in the field of Information Technology were in the business of computer
hardware and software repairs. They offered this service to students on campus and the broader
69%
31%
Yes
No
6

population of the city of Windhoek. Other service providers were Media students who composed
adverts for radio stations or offered services as deejays at events not only on campus but town as
well. Other activities were students offering printing services, baking and cooking to sell. A
group of lady students were offering hair dressing and maintenance to other students.
A few other students were tutoring for a fee and I came across a certain gentleman who traded
financial securities.
4.2.6 Plan for self employment
Figure 6: Responses to willingness to be self employed

Source: Survey data
The bulk of the sample collected showed interest in entrepreneurship. Most of these who were
interested in entrepreneurship expressed the freedom that comes with self-employment as a
desirable characteristic, a few said the mental process involved in entrepreneurship would make
them better people and help them achieve their full potential. With a growing number of easy to
access information, many people are becoming exposed to different lifestyles which were
commonly unseen in past generations. This exposure is stimulating various passions and
70%
30%
Yes
No
7

potentials within youth. The entrepreneurship aspirants pointed out that globalization has made
the world more accessible , a single marketplace with countless suppliers and countless buyers,
this they said, if one has a good product or service it can be supported to profitability whereas in
the past businesses were limited to their founding country and its population which is sometimes
not sufficient to keep a business afloat. The participants who did not see themselves as being
self-employed in the future were more than half of the participants that wanted to be self-
employed. The reasons being the aversion to self-employment were mainly twofold. Some
students had a particular company such as the Motor Vehicle Accident Fundthat they wanted to
work for, these students felt they had much value to add to these particular institutions. Other
students disliked the risk inherent in entrepreneurship, they wanted a more secure and certain
path.
4.2.7 Are your parents currently self-employed?
Figure 7: Responses to parents being self employed

Source: Survey data

20%
80%
Yes
No
8

It has been noticed that most of the participants who had interests in self-employment come from
homes where both or either one of the parents was an entrepreneur, however this not ultimate,
some who come from such homes have had bad experiences coming from homes where parents
are self-employed. This is especially true because we are only a few years from the global
recession that hit businesses hard. Homes where entrepreneurship is prevalent tended to be
afforded more knowledge on business, this gave more exposure on this subject, again living in
these homes they saw first-hand the benefits of self-employment, not only monetary rewards but
time flexibility too. Parents who are self-employed usually create risk tolerant environments, so
naturally the children will be risk taking as compared to those who grow up in homes where both
parents are full employed.

As mentioned above other children had traumatic experiences to their parents status of self-
employment, this is the case during periods of low economic activity where many businesses
fail. This can create a culture of extreme risk aversion, children who grew up in these homes will
tend to shun self-employment and seek extremely solid and secure paths such as employment in
key industries such hospitals, police departments, schools. It is essential to keep in mind that risk
levels are not universal and risk is purely subjective.

Most of those participants who had parents that are not self-employed generally had less
exposure of the lifestyle and aspired rather to be employed in a bigger firm than their parents.
The few in this category saw self-employment as a remedy to the problems that their fully
employed parents faced.

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4.2.8 Measurements of risk taking potential
Figure 8: Risk taking propensity

Source: Survey data
Figure 8 above shows the risk taking propensity of respondents. This was evaluated on five
themes namely ease of taking risks with money, trying new routes when travelling, generally
trying new things, prospect of opening own business after graduation and tendency to read
environmental articles. When it comes to taking risks, 30% of the respondents strongly agree,
with a similar amount of 30% who agree too but with lessor conviction. 10% were undecided,
10% held strong convictions that they would not take risk. 20% said they disagreed to risk
taking. 20% strongly agreed to taking new routes with 10% with a mild agree. 10% we
indifferent,10% disagreed to taking new routes and 50% strongly disagreed. 60% were very
willing to trying new things,10% agreed and 10% were undecided. 10% disagreed and 10%
strongly disagreed too. 10% strongly agreed to the idea of owning a business after graduation,
20% agreed mildly, 60% were undecided and 30% strongly disagreed to the idea. 10% were
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120
Easily take
risk
Take new
routes
Try new things Own business
after
graduation
Read articles
Strongly Agree
Agree
Undecided
Disagree
Strongly disagree
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undecided towards reading articles. 5% strongly agreed to the activity, 35% gave agreement to
this activity. 10% disagreed and 40% strongly disagreed to reading articles.
4.2.9 Attitudes towards entrepreneurship
Figure 9: Attitudes towards entrepreneurship

Source: Survey Data
20% strongly agreed to become an entrepreneur, with 10% agreeing too. 30% were undecided,
30% disagreed with the same amount 30% disagreeing strongly. 20% were undecided on
whether it was beneficial to have large firms. 50%strongly disagreed, 10% disagreed, 10%
agreed and 20% strongly agreed. 50% strongly disagreed to become a company founder, 10%
disagreed, 10% were undecided. Those who strongly agreed were 20% of the sample taken,10%
agreed.



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50 50
20
30
10 10
10
10 10 10
10
10 10 10
20
20 20 20
40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Prefer being
entrepreneur
Beneficial to have
large firms
want to be a
company founder
Own business
after graduation
Strongly Agree
Agree
Undecided
Disagree
Strongly disagree
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4.2.10 Proactive personality
Figure 10: personality tests

Source: Survey data
20% of participants said they strongly agreed to their enjoyment of facing obstacles, 10% were
undecided and the rest of the sample< 80% strongly disagreed All of the respondents were
excited about turning ideas into reality, 100% strongly agreed. 60% strongly agreed to be able
to identify opportunities. 40% agreed 40% were undecided with regards to challenging the
status, 40% agreed and 20% strongly agreed.







80
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20
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100
120
Enjoy facing
obstacles
Excited about
turning ideas into
reality
Identify
opportunities
Love challenge
status quo
Strongly Agree
Agree
Undecided
Disagree
Strongly disagree
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4.2.11 Perceived behavioural control
Figure 11: responses to behavioural control

Source: Survey data
20% of the sample taken strongly disagreed to being confident about business success. 15%
just disagreed, 30% were undecided, 25% agreed and 10% strongly agreed Of those who were
questioned on whether it was easy to start a business 5% strongly agreed, 10% agreed, 40%
were undecided and 20% disagreed to the ease of starting a business with 25% strongly
disagreeing to its ease. 60% strongly agree to the thought that owning a business will utilize
their education, with 40% mildly agreeing. 20% of the sample strongly agreed to having skills
to be an entrepreneur, 40% mildly agreed and 40% were undecided.

20
25
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10
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80
100
120
Confident about
business success
Easy to start
business
Own business will
utilize my
education
Have skills to be
an entrepreneur
Strongly Agree
Agree
Undecided
Disagree
Strongly disagree
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CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introdcution