CONCLUSION

To conclude we can say that

there is a general agreement on the major factors causing Brain-
Dr ai n, wor l dwi de f r om devel opi ng count r i es i n par t i cul ar . Thes e i ncl ud
e among ot her s t herelative expected income discrepancies between labor -
importing and exporting countries
and b e t t e r j o b o p p o r t u n i t i e s i n l a b o r -
i mp o r t i n g c o u n t r i e s . B u t , t h e r e i s s t i l l a d e b a t e o n t h e developme
nt consequences of Brain-Drain. From the analysi s of the relationships
between brain Drain and some development indicators in member countries, it
appears that the overall impact of brain-Drain on the development of a nation is negative; the
member countries that havethe highest rate of brain Drain tend to be less developed. The results also
support the conventionalview that brain Drain has a detrimental effect on human capital and poverty alleviation.The
subject of Brain-Drain is very vast. In this report a brief description of the main reasons
of Brain-Drain and the possible measures to prevent it from countries mainly
Pakistan
has beeng i v e n . P a k i s t a n i g o v e r n me n t s p e n t b i l l i o n s o f r u p e e s f o r
e d u c a t i o n o f t h e e x p e r t s , b u t unfortunately these people are migrating abroad
due to non-existence of the market according totheir capabilities.Although
the country has been receiving millions of dollars in shape of remittance which
theseexperts send back to Pakistan every year, these remittance are not a substitute of the
expertise
of e d u c a t e d
a n d e x p e r
t p e o p l e
A large number of Pakistani students securing top positions from different
universities had beenserving in European companies while many of them have
settled there permanently after
gettingimmigration nationality or citizenship of these countries.The expatriate
Pakistani s just visit the country to meet their relatives whi ch is very
disappointing for the future growth of the country. Developed nations always
protect the experts of their country and stop their migrating movement by providing
them incentives. There is no shortageof talent and mind in Pakistan but the need is
to protect them and control the migration of technical experts, doctors,
engineers, economi st and others in order to maintain the growth. The case of
Pakistan has also been discussed as this country has recently taken serious steps through its
policies being implemented under the Higher Education Commission which have
yielded successful
results. Some new initiatives of arranging interaction of students/youngscholars with
Nobel Laureates as an inspirational and motivation step for adoption of
scientific careers have given successful results.


Problem of Brain Drain in India
Brain Drain means the migration of highly qualified experts like doctors,
engineers, scientist andother trained persons from the under-developed
countries to advancing countries. More or less, all thebackward countires
are suffering from this problem. India is also suffering from this brain
drainseriously at the present moment.Thus brain drain is a direct loss, of
trained experts in many fields, to the under-developed and poorcountries.
On the other hand, it is a net gain to the advanced countries. According to
a UNO report,every year thousands of experts are migrating from
backward countries to advanced countries likeUSA, UK, Canada, Germany
etc. The under-developed countries are spending millions of rupees
on thetraining of these experts. But the advanced countries are utilizing
their services without spending asingle penny on their training.Every
year, thousands of highly talented doctors, engineers, scientists and other
intellectuals leaveIndia and migrate to foreign countries. They generally
go to U.S.A, UK, Canada, West Germany, etcfor monetary gains and
facilities for higher research. US is the biggest gainer from the loss of
Indiadue to brain drain.Most of the students who go abroad for higher
studies do not return to India. After seeing, the affluentlife of foreign
countries they lose all interest in their own country. Many Indians are
teaching atvarious US Universities and other Institutions of higher
learning. Some of them are placed on quitelucrative and high posts.There
are so many causes of the brain drain in India. First of all, there is the
unemployment problem.Even a talented person cannot get job. India is
lacking in facilities for higher research work. The topappointments are
quite few in India. Thus the talented experts like to seek new pastures
abroad.There is another attraction of leading a higher standard of living in
foreign countries, because thetechnical experts and intellectuals, are give
special facilities there. In foreign countries, there is theadvantage that
while learning a person can also earn his own living. The stipends in
foreign countriesare sufficient enough. A frugal Indian Student living there
can also save something to send home.There is no doubt that India is
having vast natural and man power resources. If both these resourcesare
put to the maximum utilization astounding advancement can be achieved
in all fields. Thesetechnical and other talented reasons whom we lose
every year, can greatly help in the development of our natural resources.
The government must take speedy steps to lure back home these
talented sonsof India who are living abroad. These experts can surely help
in making India a great power in theworld.In this connection, even the
people should also come forward and cooperate with the Government
insolving this problem. The parents of the students should not encourage
them to go abroad and settlethere even if they are paid high salaries.The
doctors, engineers and scientists owe a duty to their motherland. Our
nation is spending hugeamounts of money on their training. These people
should not betray their own nation by servingforeign nations. Today
thousands of young Indian scientists and technicians are devoted the
cause of rebuilding our nation. The country has already achieved the
nuclear status as well as become a spacepower. There are enough
opportunities for all the Indian scientists and engineers settled abroad,
if they come back to India. They should play an important role in future
progress of our country andshare the honour of participating in this
sacred task.There is no doubt that India is bound to become one of the
most industrialised and scientificallyadvanced countries in the world. Let
every Indian scientist, engineer and technician share the privilegeof
participating in the noble task of building nation. Thus they can earn the
gratitude of their people.




Brain Drain in India

Favorable or Unfavorable?
A brain drain
is a large emigration of individuals with the Knowledge orTechnical skills, usually due to conflict,
political instability, lack of opportunity, or health risks. A brain drain is generally regarded
asaneconomic cost, because emigrants usually take with them the fraction of value of their
teaching sponsored by government.Do you believe
brain drain
, regularly known as a main problem in our
country is essentially a bad thing? I dont think so. In reality it is a big gift
that capable minds are able to depart the country and track their goals anddreams elsewhere. At
the first glimpse, it seems like a huge loss. Asignificant number of young people are parting the
country. It looks like thestate is loosing a lot of knowledgeable and educated
workforce.However,what will happen if they seal the borders and detain all thistalent inside the
nation? Would they be able to grow and be as creative asthey would like to? Would they cause a
technological revolution or will theyjoin the queue of unemployed people as well as produce more
problems forour already worried society?The biggest
benefit of brain drain
is that all those individual brains willget the opportunity to nurture in another atmosphere where
they get moresupport as well as have more freedom to boom and this is why they leave.From a
universal point of view, it will help talents develop and not beshattered. Here is a plain example, a
very intelligent friend of mine got amedal in the International Physics Olympics as well as entered
the universitywith no concourse. He graduated with most excellent marks, passed theMasters
Entrance exam however was failed for some silly reason. For sometime he unsuccessfully tried to
get around the difficulty, but at the end hegave up and determined to study his masters out of the
country. Now he is aPhD as well as lives happily and works in the States. Would someone else
inhis condition have done something else? I think no.Furthermore, the knowledge that those
young brilliant people gainoverseas will be very helpful if they choose in a later phase to go back
aswell as settle down or engage in their country. The fact that young culturedpeople leave the
country in the present situation is not only good forthemselves however is also good for the world.


However on the other side,
Brain drain
is a
severe loss
due to the flowof the competent and effective sector of the country particularly oilproducing states
which are now in terrible need for trained and highlyskilled employees. Brain drain influences all
level of education in the worldwhich suffers
illiteracy estimation at 70 million people
. The economy canalso be affected due to expenditure on study whether state funded orprivately.
The migration even broadens the gap between the rich and poorcountries. Brain drain is
advantageous to the beneficiary countries as well asloss to countries of origin, because it deprives
these countries from theinnovations of their subjects. Such countries as a result have
becomeculturally and technologically dependent on the West.An answer to this would be to
encourage entrepreneurs to produceemployment. The Government is supposed to give
concessions in tax as wellas decrease the hassles concerned in setting up an industry. In this way
we
could make Indias workforce one of its major assets.


ndia, as evidenced by economists all over the world, is not only the world's largest democracy
but a country with untapped and unlimited economic potential. As an entrepreneur, I can boldly
state that doing business in India is one of the many intangible treasures that few other countries
can offer a "foreigner". As much as we like to criticize the red tape and the daily frustrations
doing business brings about, the truth of the matter is that India encourages entrepreneurship
and has untapped potential in virtually every sector in its economy.

India has the world's third largest GDP (by purchasing power parity) and with a middle class of
nearly 300 million, is a preferred location for FDIs around the world to invest in.

NRIs are returning to India in what is being called the "reverse brain drain". The initial "brain
drain" occurred in the 1990s when many IT students left for the west for possibly better education
and employment opportunities. However, as the dot-com bubble burst, many were forced to
return to India. At that time, it might have seemed to them that this was a misfortune.

However, in the past decade, something interesting has occurred: India's economy boomed
while the US and other countries have suffered through struggling economies. In the past 10
years, the Sensex has appreciated 310 per cent while the Dow Jones Industrial Average (the
equivalent to the Sensex in the US) has appreciated a meager 62 per cent.

The global meltdown in 2008 definitely contributed towards many NRIs returning to India;
however, due to the mass exodus of Indians leaving the West and returning to India, the urge to
return is only going to grow since the returnees have started and will continue to start thousands
of companies which will provide equal or better opportunities than there are in the West.

In a recent study published by the Harvard Law School, 50 per cent of NRI returnees are doing
so for entrepreneurship and business start-up reasons. Some key findings of the same study:


10 per cent of Indians surveyed held senior management positions in the US, but 44 per
cent found jobs at that level in India
61 per cent of Indians found opportunities for professional advancement better at home
than in the US
Most also found better opportunities to start a business in India
79 per cent were motivated to return home because of growing demand for their skills in
India
Just 6 per cent of Indian students surveyed would like to stay permanently in the US
Most fear the US economy will lag global growth rates in the near future
86 per cent felt the best days for India's economy lay ahead
53 per cent of respondents hope to start businesses in India
NRIs have returned to India for other reasons as well. Leveraging the education and experiences
they gained abroad, they are applying their skills and contributing towards India's economy in
numerous ways, across all sectors and walks of life. Whether it be business start-ups, non-
profits, high-level positions at MNCs, or purely to be in a country that they can confidently call
"home", NRIs have been returning in a massive scale ever since the US recession began. Indian
scientists and engineers are returning due to better career and growth prospects in India versus
the West. There is more job security, as well as the intangible benefits of better family and
cultural ties.

Another startling reason as to why NRIs are returning to India is because they are unable to get
their spouses, parents, and relatives visas abroad. In India, NR's are welcomed warmly since it is
guaranteed that they will most likely contribute towards the economy in a meaningful way.

There is also another valid reason as to why NRIs are returning to India: they are unable to start
up their own ventures and businesses. Due to recent immigration rule changes, students with an
F1 Visa in the US are unable to get into entrepreneurship due to laws that forbid them from
working on "outside jobs". They can work as an employee (within their domain of studies) or in
internships with companies in his/her field of study, but they are not allowed to be self-employed
in a business venture.

An irrational fear among Westerners, mostly due to the recession, that an accelerated growth of
Indians in their countries will make it more difficult to obtain jobs has also contributed towards the
"reverse brain drain". Thus, NRIs are being crowded out overseas and are looking at India for
better employment and economic opportunities.

Among those NRIs that are returning to India, a special mention needs to be made to scientists,
who are finding that better research opportunities and passion towards doing something for their
home countries is luring them back to their motherland. Around 500 scientists have come back in
the last seven years - and only six have gone back.

While the vast majority of the "reverse brain drain" has happened from the U.S., Germany and
Britain, scientists have also started coming from South Korea and Japan. Schemes set up by the
Indian government, including the setting up of The Ramanujam Fellowship, Innovation in Science
Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) Programme and the Ramalingaswamy Fellowship, are
just a handful of programs that are being pushed by India to entice NRIs to return to India.

The tide has finally passed. Two decades ago, India was worried was about the "brain drain".
Skilled Indian students were leaving the country and caused India concerns that they would not
return.