Problem 1.24 The plot in Fig. P1.

24 displays the cumulative charge q(t) that has

entered a certain device up to time t. Sketch a plot of the corresponding current i(t).
q
t (s)
1 2
20 C
20 C
0
3 5 4
Figure P1.24: q(t) for Problem 1.24.
Solution: Based on the slope of q(t):
i(t) =
dq
dt
=

20 A for 0 t 1 s
20 A for 1 t 3 s
0 for 3 t 4 s
20 A for 4 t 5 s
0 for t 5 s
Fig. P1.24
i (A)
t (s)
1 2
20
20
0
3 5 4
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Problem 1.34 The voltage across a device and the current through it are shown
graphically in Fig. P1.34. Sketch the corresponding power delivered to the device
and calculate the energy absorbed by it.
10 A
1 s 2 s
i(t)
t
5 V
1 s 2 s
(t)
t
0
0
Figure P1.34: i(t) and (t) of the device in Problem 1.34.
Solution: For 0 t 1 s,
p(t) =i = (5t)(10t) = 50t
2
For 1 s t 2 s,
= 5(2t)
i = 10(2t)
p(t) = 50(2t)
2
1 s 2 s
50 W
p(t)
t
w =

2
0
p(t) dt
=

1
0
50t
2
dt +

2
1
50(2t)
2
dt
= 33.3 J.
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Problem 2.3 A thin-lm resistor made of germanium is 2 mm in length and its
rectangular cross section is 0.2 mm 1 mm, as shown in Fig. P2.3. Determine the
resistance that an ohmmeter would measure if connected across its:
(a) Top and bottom surfaces
(b) Front and back surfaces
(c) Right and left surfaces
0.2 mm
1 mm
2 mm
y
z
x
Figure P2.3: Film resistor of Problem 2.3.
Solution:
(a)
R =

A
=0.22 mm, A =1 mm2 mm=210
6
m
2
=
210
4
2.13210
6
47 .
(b)
R =

A
=1 mm, A =2 mm0.2 mm=410
7
m
2
=
10
3
2.13410
7
1, 174 .
(c)
R =

A
=2 mm, A =1 mm0.2 mm=210
7
m
2
=
210
3
2.13410
7
4, 695 .
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Problem 2.17 Determine currents I
1
to I
4
in the circuit of Fig. P2.17.
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
2
6 A
4 2 4
Figure P2.17: Circuit for Problem 2.17.
Solution: The same voltage exists across all four resistors. Hence,
2I
1
=4I
2
=2I
3
=4I
4
.
Also, KCL mandates that
I
1
+I
2
+I
3
+I
4
=6
It follows that I
1
=2 A, I
2
=1 A, I
3
=2 A, and I
4
=1 A.
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Problem 2.18 Determine the amount of power dissipated in the 3-kresistor in the
circuit of Fig. P2.18.
10
3
V
0
2 k 3 k 10 mA
V
0
+
_
Figure P2.42: Circuit for Problem 2.18.
Solution: In the left loop,
V
0
= 1010
3
210
3
= 20 V.
The dependent current source is I
0
= 10
3
V
0
= 20 mA.
The power dissipated in the 3-k resistor is
p = I
2
0
R = (2010
3
)
2
310
3
= 1.2 W.
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Problem 2.19 Determine I
x
and I
y
in the circuit of Fig. P2.19.
4I
x
I
2 6
4
10 V
+
_
+
_
I
x
I
y
Figure P2.19: Circuit for Problem 2.19.
Solution: Application of KVL to the two loops gives
10+2I
x
+4I =0
4I +6I
y
4I
x
=0.
Additionally,
I =I
x
I
y
.
Solution of the three equations yields
I
x
=3.57 A, I
y
=2.86 A.
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Problem 2.25 After assigning node V
4
in the circuit of Fig. P2.25 as the ground
node, determine node voltages V
1
, V
2
, and V
3
.
6 6
3
3
12 V
3 A
+
_
1 A
6
1 A
V
1
V
3
V
2
V
4
Figure P2.25: Circuit of Problem 2.25.
Solution:
6 6
3
3
12 V
3 A
+
_
I
1
1 A
6
1 A
V
1
V
3
V
2
V
4
Fig. P2.25 (a)
From KCL at node V
1
, the sum of currents leaving the node is
3+I
1
1 = 0,
or
I
1
=3+1 =2 A.
Node voltages (relative to V
4
):
V
1
=61 =6 V,
V
2
= V
1
3I
1
=63(2) = 0,
V
3
= 61 = 6 V.
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Problem 2.36 Use resistance reduction and source transformation to nd V
x
in the
circuit of Fig. P2.36. All resistance values are in ohms.
Solution:
16 16
4
12 16 16 6
4
10 A
V
x +
_
8
4
12 8 6
4
10 A
V
x +
_
6 8 6
4
10 A
V
x +
_
8 3
4
10 A
V
x +
_
8
3 4
V
x +
_
30 V
+
_
Figure P2.36: Circuit
for Problem 2.36.
V
x
=
304
3+4+8
=8 V.
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Problem 2.43 Apply voltage and current division to determine V
0
in the circuit of
Fig. P2.43 given that V
out
= 0.2 V.
Solution:
V
out
= 0.2 V
I
5
2
1
4
2
4
8
+
_
+
_
V
1
+
_
V
2
+
_
V
3
+
_
V
4
+
_
V
5
+
_
V
0
Figure P2.43: Circuit
for Problem 2.43.
I
3
I
4
I
2
I
1
I
1
=
0.2
1
= 0.2 A
I
2
=
V
2
2
=
I
1
2
(2+1) = 0.3 A
I
3
= I
1
+I
2
= 0.5 A
I
4
=
V
4
4
=
V
3
+V
2
4
=
4I
3
+2I
2
4 = 0.65
A
I
5
= I
3
+I
4
= 1.15 A
V
0
= V
4
+V
5
= 4I
4
+8I
5
= 11.8 V.
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Problem 2.44 Apply source transformations and resistance reductions to simplify
the circuit to the left of nodes (a, b) in Fig. P2.44 into a single voltage source and a
resistor. Then, determine I.
5 A
4
3 A
12 2
10
a
b
I
Figure P2.44: Circuit of Problem 2.44.
Solution:
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5 A
3 A
12 2
10
a
b
30 V
12
10 2
a
b
+ _
+
_
10 V
12
12
a
b
+
_
40 V
12 12
a
b
40
12
40
12
6
a
b
4
6
a
b
+
_
20 V
I
Fig. P2.44 (a)
I =
20
6+4
= 2 A.
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Problem 2.47 Determine currents I
1
to I
4
in the circuit of Fig. P2.47.
+
_
12 V
I
1
I
2
6
12
I
3
I
4
6
3
Figure P2.47: Circuit of Problems 2.47 and 2.48.
Solution:
I
1
=
12
12
=1 A,
I
2
=
12
6
=2 A,
I
3
=
12
3
=4 A,
I
4
=
12
6
=2 A.
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Problem 3.9 Apply nodal analysis to nd node voltages V
1
to V
3
in the circuit of
Fig. P3.9 and then determine I
x
.
V
1
V
3
V
2
3 6
2
2 4
4 A
48 V
I
x
+
_
+
_
Figure P3.9: Circuit for Problem 3.9.
Solution: At nodes V
1
, V
2
, and V
3
:
Node 1:
V
1
2
+
V
1
V
2
3
4 =0 (1)
Node 2:
V
2
V
1
3
+
V
2
48
2
+
V
2
V
3
6
=0 (2)
Node 3:
V
3
V
2
6
+
V
3
4
+4 =0 (3)
Simplication of the three equations leads to:
5V
1
2V
2
=24 (4)
2V
1
+6V
2
V
3
=144 (5)
2V
2
+5V
3
=48 (6)
Simultaneous solution of Eqs. (4)(6) leads to:
V
1
=
84
5
V, V
2
=30 V, V
3
=
12
5
V.
Hence,
I
x
=
V
2
V
3
6
=
3012/5
6
=4.6 A.
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Problem 3.29 Apply mesh analysis to nd I in the circuit of Fig. P3.29.
1 1
1
1 1
16 V
I
+
_
I
1
I
2
I
3
Figure P3.29: Circuit for Problem 3.29.
Solution:
Mesh 1: 16+I
1
+(I
1
I
2
) = 0
Mesh 2: (I
2
I
1
) +I
2
+(I
2
I
3
) = 0
Mesh 3: (I
3
I
2
) +I
3
= 0
Solution is:
I
1
= 10 A, I
2
= 4 A, I
3
= 2 A.
I = (I
1
I
2
) = 104 = 6 A.
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