ASSIGNMENT 1 :

INNOVATION ON TIMBER FLOOR

SYSTEM



GROUP MEMBERS:
MUHAMMAD AFIQ HELMI BIN MAZLAN 0839355
KU ALIF BIN KU ZAHAR 0838677
MUHAMMAD ZIKRIL HAKIM BIN MOHD AMIN 0839515
MUHAMAD FARIQ RIZUAN BIN WAHAB 0815561
NOOR SHAFINNAZ BINTI AHMAD NARZI 0911462


KULLIYYAH OF ARCHITECTURE AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
AAR 1295 : BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS 2
SEMESTER 2 2009 / 2010
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CONTENTS
Contents
Page Number
1.0 Abstract 2
2.0 Introduction

2.1 Timber

2.2 Floor System

2.2.1 Timber Floor System
2

2

3

4
3.0 Innovation On Timber In Floor System


6
4.0 References
11






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1.0 ABSTRACT
No other plant species is so dear to humanity as the tree. It was the first, and remains the most
important, of the plants used by humans, and its significance in the development of civilization
cannot be underestimated. The tree has been vital in all spheres of activity: as provider of wood
and fruit, as provider of wood and fruit, as protection from the elements, and later, as a building
material, as well as being an enduring symbol for the natural course of life and for constancy in
an ever-changing world. Wood has been one of the most popular building materials, alongside
clay and stone, for thousand years. As a natural material, it is the perfect physical expression of
our intimate connection with the world in which we live, at a time when this world appears to be
coming increasingly virtual in character.
2.0 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Timber
Timber is wood that is used in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as
structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production. It is also one of
the oldest traditional building materials. In Malaysia timber has been used extensively in
building traditional Malay houses from their structures to their finishes. Today building
construction industry is the largest consumer of timber in the local market as well as
international market. Local timber mainly used in building industry for column and beam,
wall and floor, window and door & frames, roof trusses rafter, finishes, formwork for
concrete. The elemental properties of timber are: durability (The durability of timber is a
measure of its resistance to attack by insects and fungi. Also based on the resistance
towards the external weather), permeability (Permeability is an important factor in the
treatment of timber with chemicals such as preservatives and flame retardants), strength
(The structural strength of timber is a measure of its ability to resist outside forces, such
as compression, tension and shear. The density is a reliable indicator of timber structural
strength properties. Main strength ability to withstand tension forces, especially
imposed to the same direction of its fiber pattern and it is limited compression loading)
and fire resistance (Fire resistance is an important consideration in timber specification.
as timber being used for fire rated doors. Thick solid wood are used for fire rated door
and must be treated or painted with fire proof paints and solutions. Fire door varies from
1 hour fire rated to 2 hours). There are two types of timber or wood which are softwoods
come from coniferous, or cone-bearing trees, many of which have needle-like leaves
and are mostly evergreen. They grow relatively quickly, the resultant wood generally
being soft, of low density and easily worked. Substantially more economical than
hardwoods though they are general less durable. They are now most widely used type of
wood for general structural purposes. It has therefore very good durability. Examples:
Douglas Fir, Panama Pine, Spruce, Yellow Pine, Red European.


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2.2 Floor System
A floor system is the buildings primary horizontal planes which must support live loads
(people, furnishing and moveable equipment) and dead loads (the weight of the floor
construction itself.) Floor systems must transfer their loads horizontally across space to
either beams and columns or to bearing walls.

Figure 1 Dead loads and live loads
The depth of the floor construction and the cavities within it should be considered if it is
necessary to accommodate runs of mechanical or electrical lines within the floor
systems. Floors need to satisfy a number of functional requirements, which are:
Ground Floors
a) To withstand the loads that will be imposed upon them
b) To prevent damp penetrating the building by inserting a damp proof membrane in or
below the floor.
c) To be reasonably durable and so to reduce the amount of maintenance or
replacement work to a minimum.
d) To provide an acceptable surface finish.

Upper Floors
a) The functional requirements of upper floors differ considerably from those of ground
floors, which are as follows
b) To support their own weight, ceiling and superimposed loads
c) To restrict the passage of fire
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d) To restrict the transmission of sound from one floor to another
e) To possess an adequate standard of durability
f) To bridge the specific span economically and be capable of fairly quick erection
g) To accommodate services readily
h) To provide an acceptable surface finish in the manner described for ground floors.

2.2.1 Timber Floor System
There are 7 common components in timber floor systems which are floor joist, column,
floor plate, secondary beam, wedge, main beam and timber board.


Figure 2 Floor joist Figure 3 Secondary beam



Figure 4 Floor Plate Figure 5 Column
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Figure 6 Wedge Figure 7 Main Beam
Figure 8 Timber Board
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3.0 INNOVATION ON TIMBER IN FLOOR SYSTEM

Figure 9 Flooring system

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Figure 14 Types of Timber Board


Figure 10 Column Figure 11 Floor Joist
Figure 12 Main Beam Figure 13 Timber Board
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Figure 15 Planks and Beam

Figure 16 Trusses

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Figure 17 Types of Prefabricated Trussed Joist
















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REFERENCES

Bhd, M. A. (n.d.). Wood Flooring Parquet Malaysia Timber Flooring . Retrieved from
www.parquet.com.my.
Stungo, N. (1998). The New Wood Architecture. LONDON: Laurence King Publishing.
Victoria Ballard Bell with Patrick Rand. (2006). Materials for Architectural Design. New York: Laurence
King Publishing.