UHS 2122 UHS 2122

Creative Thinking
(Pemikiran Kreatif) (Pemikiran Kreatif)
Mohd Nasir Masroom,
m.nasir@utm.my
MENJ ANA MINDA KREATIF DAN INOVATIF
http://virtualsalt.com/crebook1.htm
What is Creativity? What is Creativity?
is the ability to imagine or invent
something new.. (based on existence g (
resources)
is also an attitude: the ability to is also an attitude: the ability to
accept change and newness
is a process Creative people work ...is a process. Creative people work
hard and continually to improve ideas
and solutions and solutions.
Creative Methods Creative Methods
Evolution. This is the method of
incremental improvement. p
For example, look at the history of the
automobile automobile.
Critical principle: Every problem that
has been solved can be solved again has been solved can be solved again
in a better way.
Synthesis. -- two or more existing ideas
are combined into a third, new idea. ,
For example, combine two events into
one one.
Revolution. Sometimes the best new
idea is a completely different one, an p y ,
marked change from the previous ones.
For example "Howcan I make my For example, How can I make my
lectures better and better?"
Reapplication. Look at something old
in a new way. y
For example, a paperclip can be used
as a tiny screwdriver as a tiny screwdriver.
Changing Direction. Many creative
breakthroughs occur when attention is g
shifted from one angle of a problem to
another.
(identify the problem, not its symptoms)
UHS2122 UHS2122
Creative&Critical
Thi ki Thinking
MohdNasirMasroom
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia
Th i ll thi l i Thereisreallynothingelusive
or mysterious about creativity. ormysteriousaboutcreativity.
Anyonewhocantalkisableto
h write.Anyonewhocanseeis
able to visualize and anyone who abletovisualizeandanyonewho
canthinkisabletohaveideas
StephenBaker
Liquid
Bette
ti h
q
paper
Nesmith
setiausaha
Pi
King
Pisau
Cukur
King
Camp
Gillette
Jurujual
Kapal
Terbang
Wright &
Brothers
Cycleman
Diapers
Marion
Donavon
Suri rumah
o vo
Tayar
J B Dunlop Veterinary
Penumatik
J.B Dunlop Veterinary
You were born creative Youwereborncreative
1968:Theassessmentinitialofstagesofthe
Headstart .Theresult..
25years:2%
Creativenessisafundamentalcharacteristic
15years:10%
inherentinhumanbeingsatbirth
AbrahamMaslow
All children are born geniuses and we spend the
10years:32%
Allchildrenareborngeniusesandwespendthe
firstsixyearsoftheirlive,degeniusing them
BuckminsterFuller
5years:98%
Differentiate
Creativity Invention Innovation Creativity Invention
thi hi h h
Innovation
involvingtheuseof
imaginationto
producenewideasor
somethingwhichhas
neverbeenmade
before,ortheprocess
ofcreatingsomething
hi h h b
anewidea,method,
orinvention
things
whichhasneverbeen
madebefore
someonewhois
creativeisverygood
atusingtheir
i i i k
todiscover,asby
studyorinquiry;to
findout;todevise;to
t i d
fromLatininnovre: to
renew
imaginationtomake
things
contriveorproduce
forthefirsttime;
renew
Differentiate
Science Technology Engineering
Differentiate
Science Technology Engineering
thesystematicstudyofthe
structureandbehaviour ofthe
physicalworld,especiallyby
watching,measuringanddoing
Theapplicationofscience,
especiallytoindustrialor
commercialobjectives.
Thediscipline,artandprofession
ofacquiringandapplying
technical,scientific,and
mathematicalknowledgeto
design and implement materials
experiments,andthe
developmentoftheoriesto
describetheresultsofthese
activities
designandimplementmaterials,
structures,machines,devices,
systems,and processes thatsafely
realizeadesiredobjectiveor
invention.
Th b i id ifi i
Theuseofscientificknowledgeto
solvepracticalproblems.
Engineer: a person whose job is to
Theobservation,identification,
description,experimental
investigation,andtheoretical
explanationofphenomena.
Thedisciplinedealingwiththeart
orscienceofapplyingscientific
knowledgetopracticalproblems
Engineer:apersonwhosejobisto
designorbuildmachines,engines
orelectricalequipment,orthings
suchasroads,railwaysorbridges,
usingscientificprinciples
Concept of Creativity ConceptofCreativity
What product were made by making the Whatproductweremadebymakingthe
followingconnections?
A Tooth pick and cotton A.Toothpickandcotton.
B.Carandhome.
C.Chairandwheel
D.Perfumesprayandcarengine. p y g
makingconnectionwherenoneexisted
before before
Myths about Creative Thinking and
P bl S l i Problem Solving
1. Every problem has only one
solution (or one right answer). ( g )
What is THE solution to putting words
on paper? on paper?
(Fountain pen, ball point, pencil, marker,
typewriter printer Xerox machine typewriter, printer, Xerox machine,
printing press)
2. The best answer/solution/method
has already been found. y
What is the solution to human
transportation? transportation?
The ox or horse, the cart, the wagon,
the train the car the airplane the jet the train, the car, the airplane, the jet..
3. Creative answers are complex
technologically. g y
Many problems that seem to require a
technological solution can be addressed technological solution can be addressed
in other ways.
Positive Attitudes for Creativity
1 Curiosity
Positive Attitudes for Creativity
1. Curiosity.
Creative people want to know things--all
kinds of things just to knowthem kinds of things-- just to know them.
Knowledge does not require a reason.
Knowledge is enjoyable and often
useful in strange and unexpected ways.
2 Challenge 2. Challenge.
Curious people like to identify and
h ll th ti b hi d challenge the assumptions behind
ideas, proposals, problems, beliefs, and
t t t statements.
3. Constructive discontent.
the ability to see a need for the ability to see a need for
improvement and to propose a method
of making that improvement of making that improvement.
Constructive discontent is a positive,
enthusiastic discontent reflecting the enthusiastic discontent, reflecting the
thought, "Hey, I know a way to make
that better " that better.
4. A belief that most problems can be
solved.
By faith at first and by experience later
on the creative thinker believes that on, the creative thinker believes that
something can always be done to
eliminate or help alleviate almost every eliminate or help alleviate almost every
problem.
5. The ability to suspend judgment
and criticism.
It is important for the creative thinker to
be able to suspend judgment when new be able to suspend judgment when new
ideas are arriving, to have an optimistic
attitude toward ideas in general and to attitude toward ideas in general, and to
avoid condemning them with the typical
kinds of negative responses kinds of negative responses.
6. Seeing the good in the bad.
Creative thinkers when faced with poor Creative thinkers, when faced with poor
solutions, don't cast them away.
because there may be something because there may be something
useful even in the worst ideas.
A d h littl th t d b it And however little that good may be, it
might be turned to good effect or made
t greater.
7 Problems lead to improvements 7. Problems lead to improvements.
but such unexpected and perhaps
unwanted problems are not necessarily unwanted problems are not necessarily
bad, because they often permit
solutions that leave the world better solutions that leave the world better
than before the problem arose.
8. A problem can also be a solution.
A fact that one person describes as a A fact that one person describes as a
problem can sometimes be a solution
for someone else for someone else.
For example, soon after the advent of cyanoacrylate
adhesives (super glue), it was noted that if you
weren't careful, you could glue your fingers together
with it. This problem--a permanent skin bond--was
soon seen as a solution also Surgeons in Viet Nam soon seen as a solution, also. Surgeons in Viet Nam
began to use super glue to glue wounds together.
9. Problems are interesting and
emotionally acceptable. y p
Creative people see problems as
interesting challenges worth tackling interesting challenges worth tackling.
Characteristics of the Creative Person Characteristics of the Creative Person
curious
seeks problems
enjoys challenge
optimistic
able to suspend judgment
comfortable with imagination comfortable with imagination
sees problems as opportunities
sees problems as interesting sees problems as interesting
problems are emotionally acceptable
challenges assumptions g p
doesn't give up easily: perseveres, works hard
UHS2122 UHS2122
Creative&Critical
Thi ki Thinking
MohdNasirMasroom
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia
Negative Attitudes That Block Creativity NegativeAttitudesThatBlockCreativity
1 Oh no a problem! The reaction to a 1.Ohno,aproblem! Thereactiontoa
problemisoftenabiggerproblemthanthe
problem itself problemitself.
Aproblemisanopportunity.
Meetingproblemsaschallengesand
opportunitiestoimprovethings.
Seekingproblemsaggressivelywillbuild
confidence,increasehappiness,andgive pp g
youabettersenseofcontroloveryourlife.
Problemcouldbedefinedas;
(1)Seeingthedifferencebetweenwhatyou ( ) g y
haveandwhatyouwant.
(2) Recognizing or believing that there is (2)Recognizingorbelievingthatthereis
somethingbetterthanthecurrentsituation
(3) An opportunity for a positive act (3)Anopportunityforapositiveact.
2 It can't be done This attitude is in effect 2.Itcan tbedone. Thisattitudeis,ineffect,
surrenderingbeforethebattle.
And giving up before starting is of course self Andgivingupbeforestartingis,ofcourse,self
fulfilling.
"Th diffi l d i di l h "Thedifficultwedoimmediately;the
impossibletakesalittlelonger."
3 I can't do it Or There's nothing I can do 3.Ican tdoit.OrThere snothingIcando.
Somepeoplethink,wellmaybethe
problem can be solved by some expert problemcanbesolvedbysomeexpert.
becauseI'mnot;
(a)smartenough,
(b)anengineer, ( ) g
(c)somebody(whethereducated,expert,
etc.) etc.)
a good mind with a positive attitude and agoodmindwithapositiveattitudeand
somegoodproblemsolvingskillswillgofarin
solving any problem solvinganyproblem.
Motivation,Interestinandcommitmentto
the problem are the keys for creative inventor theproblemarethekeysforcreativeinventor.
4 B t I' t ti E i ti 4.ButI'mnotcreative. Everyoneiscreative
tosomeextent.
Mostpeoplearecapableofveryhighlevels
ofcreativity;
Theproblemisthatthiscreativityhasbeen
suppressedbyeducation.Allyouneedtodo
isletitcomebacktothesurface.Youwill
soondiscoverthatyouaresurprisingly
creative.
5 That's childish In our effort to appear 5.That schildish. Inourefforttoappear
alwaysmatureandsophisticated,weoften
ridicule the creative playful attitudes that ridiculethecreative,playfulattitudesthat
markedouryoungeryears.
R b th t ti l l h Rememberthatsometimespeoplelaugh
whensomethingisactuallyfunny,butoften
th l h h th l k th i i ti theylaughwhentheylacktheimagination
tounderstandthesituation.
6 What will people think? There is strong 6.Whatwillpeoplethink? Thereisstrong
socialpressuretoconformandtobeordinary
and not creative andnotcreative.
Peoplearealreadytalkingaboutyou,saying
that your nose is too big or your shoes are thatyournoseistoobigoryourshoesare
funnyoryoudateweirdpeople.
CreativePerson: "Iliketoputwaterinmyorangejuicesoit'sless
sweet."
OrdinaryPerson: "You'reweird,youknow?" y , y
OrdinaryPerson: "Whatareyoudoing?"
C ti P "W ' i ti ilb " CreativePerson: "We'repaintingourmailbox."
OrdinaryPerson: "You'recrazy."
CreativePerson: "Whydon'tweaddalittlegarlic?"
OrdinaryPerson: "Becausetherecipedoesn'tcallforgarlic."
OrdinaryPerson: "Whyareyougoingthisway?It'slonger."
CreativePerson: "BecauseIlikethedrive."
O di P "Did t ll ' t ?" OrdinaryPerson: "Didanyoneevertellyouyou'restrange?"
7 I might fail Fear of failure is one of the 7.Imightfail.Fearoffailureisoneofthe
majorobstaclestocreativityandproblem
solving solving.
Thecureistochangeyourattitudeabout
failure failure.
Failingisasignofactionandstruggleand
h b h i i attemptmuchbetterthaninaction.
Whatisimportanceof
creativethinkinginour
l f life?
UHS2122 UHS2122
Creative&Critical
Thi ki Thinking
MohdNasirMasroom
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia
Concept of Creativity ConceptofCreativity
What product were made by making the Whatproductweremadebymakingthe
followingconnections?
A Tooth pick and cotton A.Toothpickandcotton.
B.Carandhome.
C.Chairandwheel
D.Perfumesprayandcarengine. p y g
makingconnectionwherenoneexisted
before before
Scopes: Eight Intelligence Scopes:EightIntelligence
Linguistic useofthespoken
Language Nature
g p
orwrittenlanguagewriters,
speakers,trainers.
Logical logical and
Logic
Intra&Inter
personal
Logical logicaland
analyticalthinking
accountants,mathematical,
scientist
Music Body
personal scientist.
Musical musicalnotesor
rhythmmusicians,singers,
d
Visual
dancers.
Visual space,colors,design
designer,artist,architects.
Scopes: Eight Intelligence Scopes:EightIntelligence
Bodily kinesthetic,body
Language
Nature
coordination,movement
acrobat,stunt,performers.
Intrapersonal understand
Logic
Intra&Inter
personal
Intrapersonal understand
yourselfandmakebeneficial
progressbasedonthis
knowledge happy well
Music Body
personal
knowledgehappy,well
adjusted.
Interpersonal dealingwith
l l
Visual
peoplesalespersons,
politicians,leaders.
Naturalist understanding
andrelatingtonature
naturalist,botanist,gardeners.
Theories The Psychoanalytical Theories ThePsychoanalytical
The main proponents of this theory include Themainproponentsofthistheoryinclude
Freud,Jung,Kris,Rank,Adler,andHammer;
and the general argument is that people is that people andthegeneralargumentisthatpeople isthatpeople
becomecreativeinreactiontodifficult becomecreativeinreactiontodifficult
circumstances or repressed emotions circumstances or repressed emotions circumstancesorrepressedemotions. circumstancesorrepressedemotions.
Forexample,asFreudmaintained,people
repress memories of traumatic episodes or repressmemoriesoftraumaticepisodesor
events,andtheemotionsrelatedtothese
events are released through creative outlets eventsarereleasedthroughcreativeoutlets.
id id
S
ego
Super
ego ego
Theidisdrivenbythepleasureprinciple,whichstrivesforimmediategratificationofall
desires,wants,andneeds.
Iftheseneedsarenotsatisfiedimmediately,theresultisastateanxietyortension.
Forexample,anincreaseinhungerorthirstshouldproduceanimmediateattempttoeator
drink.
Id
drink.
Theidisveryimportantearlyinlife,becauseitensuresthataninfant'sneedsaremet.Ifthe
infantishungryoruncomfortable,heorshewillcryuntilthedemandsoftheidaremet.
Theegoisthecomponentofpersonalitythatisresponsiblefordealingwithreality.
AccordingtoFreud,theegodevelopsfromtheidandensuresthattheimpulsesoftheidcanbe
expressedinamanneracceptableintherealworld.
Th t b d th lit i i l hi h t i t ti f th id' d i i li ti Theegooperatesbasedontherealityprinciple,whichstrivestosatisfytheid'sdesiresinrealistic
andsociallyappropriateways.Therealityprincipleweighsthecostsandbenefitsofanaction
beforedecidingtoactuponorabandonimpulses.Inmanycases,theid'simpulsescanbesatisfied
throughaprocessofdelayedgratificationtheegowilleventuallyallowthebehavior,butonlyin
theappropriatetimeandplace
ego
Thesuperegoistheaspectofpersonalitythatholdsallofourinternalizedmoralstandardsand
idealsthatweacquirefrombothparentsandsocietyoursenseofrightandwrong.
Th id id li f ki j d A di F d h b i
Super
Thesuperegoprovidesguidelinesformakingjudgments.AccordingtoFreud,thesuperegobegins
toemergeataroundagefive. ego
Thetheoryalsoarguesthefollowing:
People are able to demonstrate creativity Peopleareabletodemonstratecreativity
whentheylinkthepersonalunconsciouswith
the collective conscious thecollectiveconscious.
Regressionprecedescreativity.
Feelingsofinferioritycontributetocreativity.
Arguably:otherstheoristsmaintainthatthe
psychoanalytictheorylackscredencebecause
itfailstotakeintoconsiderationthatpeople
arebothbiologicalandsocialbeings.
The Humanistic Theory TheHumanisticTheory
The main supporters of this theory include Themainsupportersofthistheoryinclude
Maslow,Rogers,andFromm,thoughthe
theory is based mainly upon Maslows theoryisbasedmainlyuponMaslow s
HierarchyofNeeds,atheoryhedeveloped,
which maintains that humans have six basic whichmaintainsthathumanshavesixbasic
needsthatmustbemetinorderforthemto
thrive and reach maximum potential thriveandreachmaximumpotential.
maslow's hierarchy of needs maslow shierarchyofneeds
Peoples lower needs must be met in order People slowerneeds,mustbemetinorder
forthemtoprogresstothenexthighestlevel,
and only upon reaching the uppermost level andonlyuponreachingtheuppermostlevel,
selfactualization..
thus obtain the highest level where he or she thus,obtainthehighestlevel,whereheorshe
canchoosetobecreative.
I h d l d id f h l Inotherwords,peopledecideforthemselves
whetherornottheywillbecreative.
Islamic Perspective IslamicPerspective


.
He (God) is the Originator of the heavens and He(God)istheOriginatoroftheheavensand
theearth.HowcanHehavechildrenwhenHe
has no wife? He created all things and He is hasnowife?HecreatedallthingsandHeis
theAllKnowerofeverything.

.
Verily,inthecreationoftheheavensandtheEarth,
d i th lt ti f i ht d d th andinthealternationofnightandday,thereare
indeedsignsformenofunderstanding.


AnditisHeWhogiveslifeandcausesdeath,
and His is the alternation of night and day andHisisthealternationofnightandday.
Willyounotthenunderstand?
Islamic Circle of Creativity IslamicCircleofCreativity
Language Nature
Logic
Intra&Inter
personal
Islamic syariah
Music
Body
Visual
Pemikiran Lateral PemikiranLateral
EdwarddeBono EdwarddeBono
untuk untuk menerbitkan menerbitkan persepsi persepsi baru baru yang yang menganjak menganjak untuk untuk menerbitkan menerbitkan persepsi persepsi baru baru yang yangmenganjak menganjak
keluar keluar dari dari belengu belengu dari dari pemikiran pemikiran biasa biasa.. ..
Ciri Ciriciri ciri Pemikiran Pemikiran Lateral; Lateral; Ciri Ciri ciri ciri Pemikiran Pemikiran Lateral; Lateral;
Lari dari cengkaman ideaidealama
Mencabar konsep yang telah diterima pakai Mencabar konsep yangtelah diterima pakai
Merancang penjanaan ideaideabaru
Penangguhan penilaian Penangguhan penilaian
Tidak berminat dengan perkaraperkara yangjelas
B b d b fiki bi Berbeza dengan cara berfikir biasa yang
mengutamakan kebenaran dan kewajaran
Alternatif Alternatif
cara cara lain lain untuk untuk melakukan melakukan sesuatu sesuatu cara cara lain lainuntuk untuk melakukan melakukan sesuatu sesuatu.. ..
Menulis pen,?,?,
k ? Pengangkutan?
Alternatif yangdijana mesti mempunyai y g j p y
kaitan kaitan dengan dengan perkara perkara/ /benda benda
ll yang yangasal asal (fixedpoint)
Benda/
Perkara
Fixed
Point
Alternatif
Pen
Cara
Pensil,
kapur Pen
Menulis
kapur,
makerdll
Lori
Kereta
Cara
Bergerak
Lori,
motorsikal
dll
Poster
CaraSebar
Maklumat
Sms,flyers
dll Maklumat dll
Benda/ Fixed
Alternatif
Perkara Point
Alternatif
Pensil
Pen
Cara
Menulis
Pensil,
kapur,
makerdll
Pen
Cara
Menikam
Pisau,lidi
sate dll Menikam satedll
KonsepSegitiga
Al if Alternatif
#1
3 Kaedah meningkatkan
#ceramah / tazkirah
Alternatif
#2
3. Konsep
(fixed point)
3. Kaedah meningkatkan
kesedaran mahasiswa
#kursus perkahwinan
Alternatif
#3 #rondaan malam
2.Idea
1 Definisi
1. Meningkatkan kesedaran
akhlak mulia mahasiswa
Permulaan /
Pilihan Utama
1.Definisi
Matlamat
2. Kempen Akhlak Mulia
CreAtivePersonality:
Positive Attitudes for Creativity PositiveAttitudesforCreativity
1 Curiosity 1.Curiosity.
Creativepeoplewanttoknowthingsall
kinds of things just to know them kindsofthings justtoknowthem.
Knowledgedoesnotrequireareason.
Knowledgeisenjoyableandoftenusefulin
strangeandunexpectedways.
2 Challenge 2.Challenge.
Curiouspeopleliketoidentifyand
h ll h i b hi d id challengetheassumptionsbehindideas,
proposals,problems,beliefs,and
t t t statements.
3 C t ti di t t 3.Constructivediscontent.
theabilitytoseeaneedforimprovement
andtoproposeamethodofmakingthat
improvement.
Constructivediscontentisapositive,
enthusiasticdiscontent,reflectingthe
thought,"Hey,Iknowawaytomakethat
better."
4 A belief that most problems can be solved 4.Abeliefthatmostproblemscanbesolved.
Byfaithatfirstandbyexperiencelateron,the
creative thinker believes that something can creativethinkerbelievesthatsomethingcan
alwaysbedonetoeliminateorhelpalleviate
almost every problem almosteveryproblem.
5 The ability to suspend judgment and 5.Theabilitytosuspendjudgmentand
criticism.
It is important for the creative thinker to be Itisimportantforthecreativethinkertobe
abletosuspendjudgmentwhennewideasare
arriving to have an optimistic attitude toward arriving,tohaveanoptimisticattitudetoward
ideasingeneral,andtoavoidcondemning
them with the typical kinds of negative themwiththetypicalkindsofnegative
responses.
6 Seeing the good in the bad 6.Seeingthegoodinthebad.
Creativethinkers,whenfacedwithpoor
solutions don't cast them away solutions,don tcastthemaway.
becausetheremaybesomethinguseful
i h id evenintheworstideas.
Andhoweverlittlethatgoodmaybe,itmight
beturnedtogoodeffectormadegreater.
7 Problems lead to improvements 7.Problemsleadtoimprovements.
butsuchunexpectedandperhaps
unwanted problems are not necessarily unwantedproblemsarenotnecessarily
bad,becausetheyoftenpermitsolutions
that leave the world better than before the thatleavetheworldbetterthanbeforethe
problemarose.
8 A problem can also be a solution 8.Aproblemcanalsobeasolution.
Afactthatonepersondescribesasaproblem
can sometimes be a solution for someone cansometimesbeasolutionforsomeone
else.
For example soon after the advent of cyanoacrylate adhesives Forexample,soonaftertheadventofcyanoacrylateadhesives
(superglue),itwasnotedthatifyouweren'tcareful,you
couldglueyourfingerstogetherwithit.Thisproblema
permanentskinbondwassoonseenasasolution,also.
SurgeonsinVietNambegantousesupergluetogluewounds
together. together.
9 Problems are interesting and emotionally 9.Problemsareinterestingandemotionally
acceptable.
Creative people see problems as interesting Creativepeopleseeproblemsasinteresting
challengesworthtackling.
Characteristics of the Creative Person CharacteristicsoftheCreativePerson
curious
seeks problems seeksproblems
enjoyschallenge
optimistic
abletosuspendjudgment
comfortablewithimagination
seesproblemsasopportunities
seesproblemsasinteresting
bl ti ll t bl problemsareemotionallyacceptable
challengesassumptions
doesn't give up easily: perseveres works hard doesn tgiveupeasily:perseveres,workshard
Steps to creativity Stepstocreativity
Creative thinking is not Creativethinkingisnot
atalent;itisaskillthat
canbelearnt.It
empowerspeopleby
addingstrengthtotheir
naturalabilitieswhich
improveteamwork,
productivityandwhere
appropriate profit appropriate profit.
EdwarddeBono
1.Knowledge
Acquirediverseknowledgeutilizingallthefivesense
Creativityisaboutmaking
connection.
Agoodwaytogetoutofthebox
getoutofroutine.
Knowledge rawmaterial
usetomakeconnection.
g
Lettrypickupamaterial
normallyyoudontread,change
morediverseknowledge
moregreatestchances.
y y , g
yourhobby.
History,poem,engineering,art,new
Reading,learningoutside
yourexpertiseinnovative.
experience..
2. Thinking 2.Thinking
Thinking activates the mind to make Thinkingactivatesthemindtomake
usefulconnectionstocomeoutwith
possible solutions to the problem at hand possiblesolutionstotheproblemathand.
Left
Brain =
Right
Usebothside
togenerate
ideas (R) and to
Brain
Logical
Thinking
Brain=
Ideas
ideas(R)andto
evaluate/
developideas
forpractical(L).
Nice to know, nice to do; Nicetoknow,nicetodo;
(R)braincontrol(L)side ( ) ( )
body
(L)braincontrol(R)side
VerticalThinking;
( ) ( )
body
Rside+Lsidecoordination
Diggingahole
deeper.
activity =enhancecreativity
Like;swimming,dancing,
LateralThinking;
Diggingmanyhole.
gymnastic,juggling.
Increaseyouragainstside
gg g y
#EdwarddeBono
TO enhanceyourpotential.
3 I b ti
IFafterintensemental
ff t l ti i
3.Incubation
efforts,nosolutionis
forthcomingideadries
thi ki

upthinkingprocess
unproductive
STOP STOP
RelaxORdosomethingelse
Let the subconscious mind Letthesubconsciousmind
totakeover
Relax..Take 5
Mental
Relax..Take5
Mental
defenses
Howlong? Howlong?
down
gg
Severalminutes?
Consciousmind
unburdened
Anhour?
A couple days?
unburdened
Subconscious
Acoupledays?
Weeks?
mindfreeto
make new
Months?
makenew
connection
Years?
playing
Peace be to
relaxing
Peace be to
Prophet s.a.w
incubation incubation
Doing something sleeping Doing something
else
sleeping
daydreaming fantasizing
memerihalkan memerihalkan tentang tentang memerihalkan memerihalkan tentang tentang
penemuan penemuan, ,reka reka cipta cipta dan dan
inovasi inovasi yang yangdiperolehi diperolehi
oleh oleh individu individu @@ kelompok kelompok oleh oleh individu individu @ @kelompok kelompok
individu individu dalam dalam R&Dnya R&Dnya.KS .KS
berkait berkait rapat rapat dengan dengan
bagaimana bagaimana proses proses LOGIK LOGIK bagaimana bagaimana proses proses LOGIK, LOGIK,
Genius( Genius(kepintaran kepintaran), ),
Peluang Peluang (chance),model (chance),model
mental ( mental (imaginasi imaginasi mental( mental(imaginasi imaginasi, ,
serendipityetc) serendipityetc)dan dan
Zeitgeist( Zeitgeist(persekitaran persekitaran) )
merangsang merangsang mendorong mendorong merangsang merangsang, ,mendorong mendorong
saintis saintis dalam dalam menjalankan menjalankan
penyelidikan penyelidikan
DeanKeithSimonton( DeanKeithSimonton(2004 2004) )
Kreativiti Biologi KreativitiBiologi
Kajian Kajian saintifik saintifik tentang tentang benda benda Kajian Kajian saintifik saintifik tentang tentang benda benda
benda benda hidup hidup ( (organisma organisma) )dan dan
persekitarannya persekitarannya
K ji lidik bi l i lib k
persekitarannya persekitarannya
Kajianataupenyelidikanbiologimelibatkan;
Kaedah kaedahsaintifik
Peralatancanggih
Minda,ideaseorangsaintis.
Haiwan
(zoologi)
Tumbuhan
G tik
Tumbuhan
(botani)
Genetik
Biologi Biologi
Mikrobiologi
Penyakit
Mikrobiologi
y
(patologi)
Serangga
(entomologi)
Parasit
(parasitologi)
Ahli Biologi AhliBiologi
Hi t i I t i i Hipotesis Intuisi
Golongan yangmencipta hipotesis secara intuisi g y g p p
sebelum mengetahui faktafaktanya dan
hipotesis itu diuji kesahihannya.
Hipotesis Informis
G l l l kl t Golongan yangmengumpul segala maklumat
yanglogik secukupnya sebelum mencipta
hipotesis hipotesis
Bidang Kajian BidangKajian
Mencipta Mencipta Sesuatu Sesuatu yang yangbaru baru spt mencipta
vaksin baru untuk menyembuhkan penyakit.
Memperkembangkan Memperkembangkan teknik teknik spt teknik
biologi molekul dan kejururteraan genetik.
Menambahbaik Menambahbaik kaedah kaedah spt teknologi p g
menggunakan semula bahan buangan
tanaman.
Meningkatkan Meningkatkan produktiviti produktiviti spt baja,
hormon dan pembiakbaka hormon dan pembiakbaka.
Contoh kajian Contohkajian
Plastik yang dapat didegrasikan dari Plastikyangdapatdidegrasikandari
mikroorganisma mesraalamdanmudah
direputkan direputkan.
Sisabuangankelapasawit enzimdan
selulos yang boleh digunakan dalam industri selulosyangbolehdigunakandalamindustri.
Kacukan nangka,padi,kambing,lembudll.
D l i ti it Developingyourowncreativityasa
scientiststartswithgettingtoknowa
subjectinmanyways readingthe
literature,becomingfamiliarwith , g
materials,and,mostimportantly,
talking to people who are experts. talkingtopeoplewhoareexperts .
It might seem like a paradox that Itmightseemlikeaparadoxthat
youhavetobeknowledgeablein
ordertobecreative,butnew
knowledge can only be generated knowledgecanonlybegenerated
ifyouknowwhathascome
b f before.
Fosteringscientific
i i l i l creativityalsoinvolves
challengingthat
knowledge, by asking knowledge,byasking
whatifquestions,
proposingalternative
l i d l ki solutions,andlooking
acrossdisciplinary
boundaries to answer boundariestoanswer
yourquestions.
technologyisthestudyofhowthepowerofmankindcanbeincreased
technology an be for peace and for technology an be for peace and for technologyanbeforpeaceandfor technologyanbeforpeaceandfor
war.thechoicebetweenpeace war.thechoicebetweenpeace
andwarisnotascientificchoice.it andwarisnotascientificchoice.it
isaculturalone;thecultureof isaculturalone;thecultureof
l d f l t h l l d f l t h l loveproducepeacefultechnology. loveproducepeacefultechnology.
thecultureofhatredproduces thecultureofhatredproduces
instrumentsofwar.loveand instrumentsofwar.loveand
hatred have existed forever. in the hatred have existed forever. in the hatredhaveexistedforever.inthe hatredhaveexistedforever.inthe
bronzeandironages,notoriously bronzeandironages,notoriously
pre prescientific,mankindinvented scientific,mankindinvented
andbuilttoolforpeaceand andbuilttoolforpeaceand
i t t f i th ll d i t t f i th ll d instrumentofwar.inthesocalled instrumentofwar.inthesocalled
"modernera"itisimperativethat "modernera"itisimperativethat
cultureoflovewins. cultureoflovewins.
UHS2122 UHS2122
Creative&Critical
Thi ki Thinking
MohdNasirMasroom
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia
Hadiah & Ganjaran Hadiah&Ganjaran
TheAbelPrize,ScandinaviaAwards danFieldsMedal
(matematik)
TheTuringAward (pencapaiandalambidangsains
computer)
TheArchibaldAward,HugoAwards (pencapaiandalam
penulisansainsfiksyen)
The BookerPrize (penulisannovelbaginegaranegara
Komenwel)
ThePulitzerPrizeWinner (pencapaiantahunandalam
bidangkewartawanan,dramadanmuzikyangdiberikan
l h i i i l bi j k )
TheWollastonMedal (pencapaiandalambidanggeologi)
TheRolfSchockPrizes(logic,falsafah,matematikdan
muzik)
TheGregoriAminoffPrize(crystallography)
TheTempletonPrize (pencapaiandalambidangagama)
The Schock Prize (pencapaian dalam bidang logic
olehUniversitiColumbiasejak1917)
PolarMusicPrize (pencapaiandalambidangmuzik)
TheLongitudePrize(pencapaiandalambidangmaritim)
TheLaskerMedicalresearchAwards(pencapaiandalam
penyelidikanperubatan)
TheOrteigPrize(pencapaiandalambidangaeronautic)
TheSchockPrize(pencapaiandalambidanglogic,
falsafah,matematik,lukisandansenimuzik)
TheMillenniumTechnologyPrize(pencapaiandalam
bidangteknologi)
TheRightLivelihoodAwards(hadiahNobelalternatif
dalamenambidang)
The Astrid Lindgren memorial Award (pencapaian dalam
g (p p g )
ThePritzkerPrize(pencapaiandalamsenibina)
TheCrafoordPrize(pencapaiandalamastronomi,
biosains,geosains,matematik)
TheCatherineWolfeBruceMedal(pencapaiandalam
astronomi)
The Wolf Prizes (pencapaian dalam bidang umum)
TheAstridLindgrenmemorialAward(pencapaiandalam
kesusteraanremajadankanakkanak)
MalcolmBaldrigeAward(pencapaiankualitidalam
organisasi)
InnovativePionnerAward(inovasidanrekacipta)
TheASEANScinceandTechnologyAwards(pencapaian
sains dan teknologi) TheWolfPrizes(pencapaiandalambidangumum) sainsdanteknologi)
Kreativiti Saintifik KreativitiSaintifik
ih lk t t k i t d memerihalkantentangpenemuan,rekaciptadan
inovasiyangdiperolehiolehindividu@kelompok
individudalamR&Dnya.KSberkaitrapatdengan
b i LOGIK G i (k i ) bagaimanaprosesLOGIK,Genius(kepintaran),
Peluang(chance),modelmental(imaginasi,
serendipityetc)danZeitgeist(persekitaran)
merangsang,mendorongsaintisdalam
menjalankanpenyelidikan
DeanKeithSimonton(2004)
Scientific creativity tends to be
f t d b hil hi l t fostered by philosophical systems
that stress empiricalism,
materialism, individualism and
determinism
Alfred Bernhard Nobel
(1833 1896)
sekiranya saya mendapat seribu idea setahun dan
hanya satu yang berhasil saya telah berpuahati
Biografiringkas
Lahirpada21Oktober1833,Stockholm,sweden
B j t Bapaseorangjurutera
DibesarkandiSwedendanRusia
Meminatibidangkimia,fizikdankesusasteraan
Memiliki90kilangdi20buahnegara
Menandatanganiwasiatpada27November1895
Memperoleh 355 paten Memperoleh355paten
Meninggalduniapada10Disember1896
HadiahNobel:SepintasLalu
6000penyertaansetiaptahun;400disenaraipendek
B l i dih b l 31 J i Borangpencalonanmestidihantarsebelum31Januari
Februari Oktoberpenilaiandibuatolehjawatankuasa
Pemenang akan diraikan sebelum dan selepas hari Pemenangakandiraikansebelumdanselepashari
penyampaianhadiah
10Disemberharipenyampaianpingat,diplomadan
ucap utama di Sweden dan Norway di Stockholm ucaputamadiSwedendanNorwaydiStockholm
ConcertHall
Fakta Hadiah Nobel FaktaHadiahNobel
Bermulapada1901(103tahun)
Hadiahdisampaikanpada10Disembersetiaptahun
735pemenangindividu&organisasi
Hadiah bernilai USD1 juta (RM3 8 juta) HadiahbernilaiUSD1juta(RM3.8juta)
Pemenangberumurpurata40an(termuda25&tertua87)
Adapemenangyangmenolakhadiahnobel
6 Kategori Hadiah Nobel 6KategoriHadiahNobel
Fizik Fizik
Kimia
Perubatan & Fisiologi (Institut Karolinska)
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Perubatan&Fisiologi(InstitutKarolinska)
Kesusasteraan(SwedishAcademy)
Keamanan (Jawatankuasa Parlimen Norway) Keamanan(JawatankuasaParlimenNorway)
Ekonomi(SwedishNationalBank)
When the Nobel Prize is awarded, no short
list of top candidates is ever announced. The
d i i i fi l Gl i i t k decision is final. Glaring mistakes or
omissions have been made, but no award is
ever reversed or altered even disputes inside ever reversed or altered, even disputes inside
the committees occasionally erupt into public
sight g
But new or old, the Nobel Prize still
outrages them all. It was the first
important regular prize to include not
only the arts and sciences but politics in
the form of peace. It was international
prize(Feldman, 2000)
A Laureate is a person honored ALaureateisapersonhonored
forhighachievement ina
particularfield. Anobellaureate
is someone who awarded the issomeonewhoawardedthe
NobelPrize.
Isotop,sebatianakrilik,hormonseks,vitaminC,vitaminB,penghabluran
enzim,sintesisamonia,teknologipolimertinggi,kimiamakromolekul,
DNA,RNA,fuleren,molekulhidrokarbon,NMR,sinarX,radioaktif
spontan,optikjitu,spektoskopisinarX,teorikuantum,teorirelativiti,
neutron,sinarankosmik,positron,magnetproton,fiziktekanantinggi,
k b k il i k k hid kebukawanwilson,teorimeson,strukturspektrumhidrogen,
semikonduktor,kesantransistor,antiproton,elektrodinamikkuantum,
fizikzarahasas,pengembanganholografi,mesonpsi,fiziksuhurendah,
zarah kuasi zarah w dan z kesan Hall terkuantum tau lepton neutrino zarahkuasi,zarahwdanz,kesanHallterkuantum,taulepton,neutrino,
penyerakanneutron,protonseldanasidnukleik,gerakbalasalergi,
imunisasi,elektrokardiograf,vitaminK,penisilin,kitarkrebs,metabolisme
gula, vaksin demam kuning, kromosom dan keturunan, perkembangan gula,vaksindemamkuning,kromosomdanketurunan,perkembangan
embrio,kodgenetik,persepsitampakdll.
therecanbenocreativityifaproductisnot
l d i h b i d stronglyrootedinthepast,becauseinorder
foraudiencetoevenunderstandtheproduct,
we must have some frame of reference and wemusthavesomeframeofreference,and
thiscanonlybesuppliedbythepast.Without
somesortofreferencetothepast,there f f p ,
wouldbenocoherence:Theproductwould
makenosensetous.
Bailin (1984)
Nobellaureatesarepeoplewhohavedoneextraordinary
things.Theyarenotedfortheirdiscoveries,inventionsand
improvementstotheexistingwayoflife.Thisrequires
CREATIVITY.CREATIVITY helpsinextraordinaryeffortsby
looking for new ways of doing things It improves the lookingfornewwaysofdoingthings.Itimprovesthe
presentwayofdoingthings
UlfLarsson(2004)
creativitydenotesapersonscapacity y p p y
toproducenewororiginalideas,
insights,inventionsorartisticproducts g p
whichareacceptedbyexpertsasbeing
ofscientific,aesthetic,socialor f f
technicalvalue
Vernon (1989) Vernon(1989)
Nobel prize winners are proudly and Nobel prize winners are proudly and
greedily claimed by their nations,
universities, hometowns, political causes, universities, hometowns, political causes,
professional organizations and any
interested parties (Lee, 2002) interested parties (Lee, 2002)
HadiahNobel&Kecemerlangan
Universiti
U i iti Chi US (77 U i iti C b id UK (80 UniversitiChicago,US(77
pemenang)
UniversitiColumbia,US(71
pemenang)
UniversitiCambridge,UK(80
pemenang)
UniversitiManchester,UK(21
pemenang) pemenang)
MIT,US(56pemenang)
UniversitiHarvard,US(40
pemenang)
pemenang)
KolejImperial,UK(4
pemenang)
UniversitiOxford,UK(24 p g)
KolejTrinity,US(31
pemenang)
UniversitiJohnHopkins,US
, (
pemenang)
p
(30pemenang)
UniversitiCaltech,US(28
pemenang)
School claims any piece of a laureate they
can. If the laureate studied there, studied
th t ht th did h th there, taught there, did some research there,
or somehow affiliated, plaques or bronze
scroll or even oil portraits are apt schools scroll or even oil portraits are apt school s
reputation can rise or fall thereby .(Feldman,
2000))
UniversitiEropah&Asia p
U i iti Ut ht J (12 U i iti Vi A t i (2 UniversitiUtrecht,Jerman(12
pemenang)
UniversitiSorbonne,Perancis
(7 pemenang)
UniversitiVienna,Austria(2
pemenang)
UniversitiCulcutta,India
Universiti Moscow Rusia (2
(7pemenang)
UniversitiZurich,Switzerland
(3pemenang)
UniversitiLeiden,Belanda(3
UniversitiMoscow,Rusia(2
pemenang)
UniversitiKebangsaan
Australia(1pemenang) , (
pemenang)
UniversitiHelsinki,Findland(1
pemenang)
( p g)
UniversitiRom,Itali(1
pemenang)
UniversitiMadrid,Sepanyol(1
UniversitiNagoya,Jepun
(1pemenang)
p y (
pemenang)
Hadiah Nobel & Kecemerlangan HadiahNobel&Kecemerlangan
Negara
Amerika Syarikat (270 Jepun (9 pemenang) AmerikaSyarikat(270
pemenang)
Unitedkingdom(100
pemenang)
Jepun(9pemenang)
Belgium(5pemenang)
Norway(3pemenang)
Argentina (2 pemenang)
Jerman(77pemenang)
Perancis(49pemenang)
Switzerland(15pemenang)
S d (17 )
Argentina(2pemenang)
India(3pemenang)
China(2pemenang)
AfrikaSelatan(2pemenang)
Sweden(17pemenang)
Rusia(12pemenang)
Belanda(13pemenang)
Denmark (9 pemenang)
( p g)
Taiwan(1pemenang)
Burma(1pemenang)
Tibet(1pemenang)
Denmark(9pemenang)
Itali(14pemenang)
Kanada(10pemenang)
Austria
Sepanyol
Vietnam
Amerika Syarikatdan negaranegara Eropah mendahului
negaranegara lain Laporan The Sutton Trust menyatakan negaranegara lain.Laporan TheSuttonTrust menyatakan
sejak 1970rakyat Amerika Syarikatmemenangai 48%
daripada keseluruhan penerima hadiah Nobel.Ini diikuti
l h B i i (14%) J (12%) N E h oleh Britain(14%),Jerman (12%),Negaranegara Eropah
Eropah seperti Switzerland,Itali,Austria,Hungary,
Sepanyol,Norway,Belgium,Belanda,Sweden(22%),
Jepun (1%),negaranegara lainseperti Vietnam,Burma,
India,Tibet,China,Taiwan,Kanada,Afrika Selatandan
sebagainya (2%) sebagainya (2%).
UHS2122 UHS2122
Creative& Critical
Thi ki Thinking
MohdNasirMasroom
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia
1
Kritis v/sKritik?
l
Komen
Sangat mendalam
Hentam
Terperinci
Kecam
Mengamati
Bangkang
2
Pendahuluan Pendahuluan
KritisCRITICKriths(Kritikos)yangbermaksud ( ) y g
MENIMBANG (tojudge)
MENIMBANG;
Menilai
Membezakan Membezakan
menyoal
Memutuskan
Konstruktif
Objektif Objektif
3
Tahap Pemikiran TahapPemikiran
TAHAP DESKRIPSI
Pengetahuan Panggil semula maklumat, ulang semula
maklumat yang sama tanpa ada perubahan
Pemahaman Memahami idea, menggunakan peraturan,
ikut arahan
Aplikasi Aplikasi pengetahuan dalam penyelesaian
masalah dan situasi baru masalah dan situasi baru
Analisis Lihat hubungan, pecahkan maklumat ikut
bahagian, analisis bagaimana sesuatu
benda beroperasi benda beroperasi
Sintesis Gabung idea dalam situasi yang unik, cipta
sesuatu yang baru
Penilaian Membuat penilaian, menilai maklumat yang
betul dan tepat
Criticalthinkingis,inshort,selfdirected,self
disciplined,selfmonitoredandselfcorrective
thinking
(Paul & Elder 2001) (Paul& Elder,2001)
5
Sikap
Agama & kepercayaan
Kreativiti
Kesejahteraan
Mendengar
Intuisi
Pengajaran &
Pembelajaran
Emosi
Pemikiran
Kritis
Penyelesaian
masalah
Membaca
Perubatan
Politik
masalah
Habit
Berkomunikasi
Politik
Penulisan
Persepsi
6
Definisi Definisi
Strategi kognitif yangsistematik dan
aktif untuk memeriksa,menilai dan ,
memahami peristiwa,menyelesaikan
masalah dan membuat keputusan masalah dan membuat keputusan
berasaskan taakulan yang
munasabah dan bukti yang sah munasabah dan bukti yangsah
7
ciriciri ciri ciri
mengekalkansikapdanfikiranyangterbukadan
k tik l skeptikal;
mengenalpastiantarafaktadanteori;
berusahauntukmemperolehketepatanfaktualdan
logikyangkonsisten;
l kl bj k if mengumpulmaklumatsecaraobjektif;
penekanandanmengsintesismaklumat;
membinainferensiyangmunasabah,membuat
penilaiandankesimpulan;
k l i d l d i d k kenalpastidanmenyoalandaiandankepercayaan;
8
Ciriciri Ciri ciri
kenalpasti makna yang tersembunyi dan implisit; p y g y p ;
dapat melihat perbezaan dan persamaan antara
fenomena;
memahami hubungan sebabakibat;
mengurangkan kesilapan logik dan bias peribadi
ti l kk d i d bil d h seperti mengelakkan daripada mengambil mudah
sesuatu perkara;
membina toleransi terhadap ketidaktentuan dan membina toleransi terhadap ketidaktentuan dan
dan kesamaran maklumat;
mencari alternatif dan penerangan; p g
serta mencari penyelesaian yang kreatif
9
Sintesis Pemikiran Kritis SintesisPemikiranKritis
Berfikirdenganmenggunakanotakkiri
B fiki k t d h k l ik Berfikirmenggunakanurutandanhukumlogik
Berfikiruntukmembuatpertimbangandan
keputusan p
Berfikirdengansikapyangberhatihatidan
mengambilrisiko
B fiki t k d tk k b k j l Berfikiruntukmendapatkankebenaran,kejelasan,
kesahan,
Berfikiruntukmenghapuskankeraguan,kesamaran, g p g , ,
ketakyakinandankesilapan,
Thinkingforoneself
Fiki d iki (d i d khi t) Fikirdanzikir(duniadanakhirat)
10
Mengapa Pemikiran Kritis? MengapaPemikiranKritis?
Themineisbetterhabit(egocentric)
Sociocentric
Defensemechanisme(facesaving)
Resistance to change
Integriti
Berani
Resistancetochange
Conformity
Stereotyping
S lf d i
Autonomi
Berani
Rendah hati
Selfdeception
Overgeneralizations
Oversimplifying
Keadilan
Empati
Yakin
Doublestandard
Shiftingtheburdenproof
Irrational appeal
Empati
Konsisten
Irrationalappeal
11
T l d t k th i i d Toomanypeopledonotmakeuptheirownminds,
buthavetheirmindsmadeupforthembysalesmen,
advertisers parents propagandists TV newspapers advertisers,parents,propagandists,TV,newspapers
andsoon
AbrahamMaslow
12
S h k i di k k Sesungguhnya kami sediakan umpan neraka
jahanam kebanyakan daripada jin dan manusia
kerana mereka mempunyai akal tetapi tidak kerana mereka mempunyai akal tetapi tidak
mahu memahami dengannya, mereka
mempunyai mata tetapi tidak mahu melihat p y p
dengannya dan mereka mempunyai telinga
tetapi tidak mahu mendengar dengannya.
Mereka itu seperti binatang ternak malah lebih
sesat lagi. Mereka adalah orang-orang yang
lalai lalai .
(Al-Araf: 179)
13
TahapPemikiranKritis p
1. Sayainginmengetahuisesuatusecarailmiah. y g g
2. Sayaseorangyangobjektif.
3. Sayaberfikiranterbuka.
4. Pemikiransayafleksibel.
5. Sayamemilikiskeptikismeintelektual.
6. Sayajujursecaraintelektual.
7. Sayasorangyangbersistematik.
8 Saya seorang yang tetap pendirian 8. Sayaseorangyangtetappendirian.
9. Sayamementingkankejituandanketepatan.
10. Saya hormati pandangan/pendirian orang lain. 10. Sayahormatipandangan/pendirianoranglain.
14
BEBALISME
Bebalisme adalah sikap yang terdiri dari berbagai bagai
S
Bebalisme adalah sikap yangterdiri dari berbagaibagai
perangai yangmanifestasi akhirnya termasuk ketidaktahuan,
lamban,acuh tidak acuh dan keras kepala yangmembatu,
sebagai ganti usaha yang gigih kerana orang orang bebal sebagai ganti usaha yanggigih.kerana orangorang bebal
tidak mempunyai daya antisipasi maka biasanya mereka
hanya bertindakbalas terhadap peristiwa setelah kejadian.
mereka akan memb ka pa ng ses dah h jan membasahi mereka akan membuka payung sesudah hujan membasahi
tubuhnyabebalisme tidak mempunyai kemampuan untuk
menilai masalah secara kontekstual,mendalam dan
i b sinambung.
Mitos Peribumi Malas
15
PANDIRISME
1. tidak mampu menganalisis masalah;
2. jika diberitahu kepadanya, dia tidak dapat memecahkannya; 2. jika diberitahu kepadanya, dia tidak dapat memecahkannya;
3. dia tidak dapat mempelajari apa yang diperlukan;
4. dia tidak mampu belajar seni belajar; dan
5. dia biasanya tidak mahu mengakui kepandirannya. y g p y
6. tidak berfikir secara kontekstual baik dalam ruang waktu dan
dinamika saling hubungan masing faktornya;
7. hanya bereaksi dengan hal yang langsung, dan tidak dapat
melihat yang ada disebaliknya;
8. berfikir dalam pengertian sebab-sebab yang terbatas, dan
bukannya sebab-sebab yang berkesinmabungan;
9 bi t h d tid k k iti t h d l d iki 9. biasanya patuh dan tidak kritis terhadap landasan pemikiran
sendiri;
10. tidak mengawas diri atasi masalah dan situasi;
11 tidak konsisten; 11. tidak konsisten;
Mitos Peribumi Malas
16
LOGIK
KRITIS
17
2 Kategori 2Kategori
KritisRendah KritisTinggi
Membanding&membeza
gg
Membuatramalan
Membuatkategori
Membuaturutan
Menilitibahagianbahagian
Mengusulperiksaandaian
Membuatinferens
Mengesahkansumber
kecildankeseluruhan
Menerangkansebab
maklumat
Membuatgeneralisasi
Mencarisebabdanmembuat
kesimpulan
18
Skop Pemikiran Kritis SkopPemikiranKritis
Argumen(penghujahan) g (p g j )
Bahasadanmakna
Analisissumbermaklumat
Menyoal
Memahamikonsepdandefinisi
19
Stail Pemikiran Kritis StailPemikiranKritis
Pragmatik
Negatif
Analitikal
Objektif
Saintifik
Historis
Reaktif Reaktif
Sistematik
20
Panduan Menjadi Kritis PanduanMenjadiKritis
Bermaindenganbahasa
Banyakkanmenyoal
Berbahas,berbincang
Membaca
Mendengar,memerhatidansebagainya
Penglibatan turut serta dll Penglibatanturutsertadll
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Menyoal (questioning) Menyoal(questioning)
3Jenissoalan
Soalanfakta
Memerlukanbuktidantaakulan
Jawapanyangtepat p y g p
pengetahuan
Soalankeutamaan
Keutamaan yang subjektif Keutamaanyangsubjektif
Pendapatyangsubjektif
Tidakbolehdinilai
Soalan penilaian Soalanpenilaian
Memerlukanbuktidantaakulan
Jawapanyangbagusdantidakbagus
penilaian penilaian
22
Pro & Kon Pemikiran Kritis Pro&KonPemikiranKritis
PRO KONTRA
Menjadilebihmatang
Bersikapobjektif
BersifatReaktif
Mementingkanlogikdan
Sensitif,konstruktifdanprihatin
Berjiwabesar,yakindanberani
Berhematdan
rasional
Takutmembuatkesilapan
Praktikal
bertanggungjawab
Memilikidayatahan
Tidakmudahdipengaruhidan
Komprehensif
berdikari
23
Pendekatan Berfikir Intelektual PendekatanBerfikirIntelektual
Kebenaran
Kejujuran
Tanpakepentinganlangsung
Bersandarkankekuatanhujah
Rasional
Objektif
Kritis
Terbuka Terbuka
Pragmatik
Oleh R.Merton, K.R Popper, B. Barber, M.Polanyi OlehR.Merton,K.RPopper,B.Barber,M.Polanyi
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