Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Carleton University
PHIL 2306 A
Christine Koggel
Reading The Second Sex
A look into what it may take for women to be truly liberated
Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex: Introduction touches on an argument that
has been talked about by Marilyn Frye and many others; that women are an oppressed
group much like the proletariats a few centuries ago and African Americans a few
decades ago with one exception, women are spread among different classes and
cultures. This spreading makes it difficult to pin point the oppression women face.
Women are in a unique situation in oppression according to de Beauvoir who points
out that unlike the historical events which created the oppressive situations faced by
proletariats, blacks, or Jews women have always been considered inferior to men in
some degree or another throughout history. This would lead some to believe that
whereas slavery, antiSemitism and class formation was due to historical events
women’s situation is a natural condition. De Beauvoir argues that even if women’s
situations and things created by history thus it can be changed. However women face a
different disadvantageous situation than other groups; they neither have a collective
past, history, religion, or culture of their own. It is an oxymoronic situation where they
are different enough to be treated oppressively but not different enough to become a
collective and unified whole that can fight together to bring about change. In The Second
Sex: Introduction it has been pointed out that a bourgeoisie female will feel more affinity
more solidarity towards a white male than a black female. Therefore “the bond that
unites [the female] to her oppressors is not comparable to any other” (de Beauvoir 34).
This unique situation makes the oppression of females something hard to classify and
more harm than good. We find this argument in both Simone de Beauvoir and Inji
Aflatun’s writings where they say that some feminists, instead of advocating equality
for all women, try to achieve equality for the women in their own group only. Using the
bird cage analogy this would be the equivalent of being focused on removing one bar in
the birdcage and being satisfied with it while the point should be to remove the entire
cage. And removing the entire cage is not possible while women remain divided by
race, culture and religion.
Though Simone de Beauvoir wrote her book almost sixty years ago the
arguments she put forward and the concerns she raised are still relevant today. Women
are still divided as ever before and they still tend to feel more of an affinity towards
people based on a shared religion or culture rather than sex. This argument suggests the
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solution is for women to come together and unite as a group and create a sense of
solidarity that surpasses race or culture. It is an interesting take on what may have held
women back in their liberation. Many of the women today, especially those living in
developed western countries, would say that they feel equal to men and are treated far
better now than women were a few decades past. If change had truly occurred and
women do have more rights today than in the past does that mean that women have
finally come together as a group and are no longer divided by their station in life or
upbringing? I hardly think that is the case and yet even in their division they were able
which one feels a connection to and religion and culture creates a strong connection.
Even so the danger de Beauvoir and Aflatun speaks of is very real. Trying to remove a
single bar in the birdcage in order to free one’s view and thus achieve the illusion of
freedom was certainly not the aim of any true feminist movement but that is the very
danger a movement falls into when it starts to become exclusionary. How can women
declared abolished until there are no slaves on earth, women cannot be declared
liberated until all women are treated justly and equally around the world. To declare
liberty before that would be premature just as declaring victory after a triumphant
battle is foolish as there is still a war to be won. I believe de Beauvoir’s argument is not
that women cannot achieve a level of freedom and equality without ever having truly
united but she does recognize the fact that the war can never be won on that strategy.
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Even if women today fully understood how important it is for them to feel
united together despite any cultural or religious divide they would still have a lot of
things to overcome in order to do so. Apart from the obvious communication problem
there is one of cultural conditioning. Modern women in most part have come to believe
between the sexes. Cultures around the world have fully engrained in them the idea
that physical differences point to natural differences which then are the justifications for
unequal treatment therefore women have taken to ignoring that there is a physical, and
possibly mental, difference. How can they keep on ignoring this fact, which they do
under the false assumption that recognizing it would also lead to recognizing women’s
true inferiority, if they are told to unite according to their sex. There is also the fact that
humans naturally like to side with the stronger side and even women, many
influence. Once women recognize that physical difference does not automatically equal
a hierarchy and that siding with the ‘winners’ is actually making them an active
member in their own oppression they may start to heed de Beauvoir’s points and unite
to bring about change and equality for all women.
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Work Cited
De Beauvoir, Simone. Feminist Theory Reader. Ed. Carole R. McCann and Seung-Kyung Kim.