EC2 Continuous Beam Design

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CONTINUOUS BEAM EXAMPLE
RC BEAM ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1992-1)
In accordance with UK national annex
TEDDS calculation version 2.1.15

Load Envelope - Combination 1
0.0
64.830
mm 8000
1 A
6000
2 B C

0.0
64.830
mm 8000
1 A
6000
2 B C

0.0
64.830
mm 8000
1 A
6000
2 B C

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Support conditions
Support A Vertically restrained
Rotationally sprung (35136 kNm/rad)
Support B Vertically restrained
Support C Vertically restrained
Applied loading
Permanent full UDL 25.8 kN/m
Variable full UDL 20 kN/m
Load combinations
Load combination 1 Support A Permanent 1.35
Variable 1.50
Span 1 Permanent 1.35
Variable 1.50
Support B Permanent 1.35
Variable 1.50
Variable 1.50
Support C Permanent 1.35
Variable 1.50
Variable 1.50
Variable 1.50
Variable 1.50
Variable 0.00
Variable 0.00
Variable 0.00
Variable 0.00
Variable 1.50
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Variable 1.50
Variable 1.50
Analysis results
Maximum moment support A; MA_max = -177 kNm; MA_red = -142 kNm; 20%
Maximum moment span 1 at 3692 mm; Ms1_max = 265 kNm; Ms1_red = 315 kNm; 18.9%
Maximum moment support B; MB_max = -385 kNm; MB_red = -270 kNm; 30%
Maximum moment span 2 at 3375 mm; Ms2_max = 145 kNm; Ms2_red = 159 kNm; 9.2%
Maximum moment support C; MC_max = -78 kNm; MC_red = -78 kNm;
Maximum shear support A; VA_max = 239 kN; VA_red = 249 kN
Maximum shear support A span 1 at 449 mm; VA_s1_max = 210 kN; VA_s1_red = 220 kN
Maximum shear support B; VB_max = -287 kN; VB_red = -287 kN
Maximum shear support B span 1 at 7556 mm; VB_s1_max = -258 kN; VB_s1_red = -258 kN
Maximum shear support B span 2 at 445 mm; VB_s2_max = 212 kN; VB_s2_red = 212 kN
Maximum shear support C; VC_max = -170 kN; VC_red = -189 kN
Maximum shear support C span 2 at 5551 mm; VC_s2_max = -141 kN; VC_s2_red = -160 kN
Maximum reaction at support A; RA = 239 kN
Unfactored permanent load reaction at support A; RA_Permanent = 92 kN
Unfactored variable load reaction at support A; RA_Variable = 72 kN
Maximum reaction at support B; RB = 528 kN
Unfactored permanent load reaction at support B; RB_Permanent = 210 kN
Unfactored variable load reaction at support B; RB_Variable = 163 kN
Maximum reaction at support C; RC = 170 kN
Unfactored permanent load reaction at support C; RC_Permanent = 59 kN
Unfactored variable load reaction at support C; RC_Variable = 46 kN
Rectangular section details
Section width; b = 300 mm
Section depth; h = 500 mm

300

Concrete details (Table 3.1 - Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete)
Concrete strength class; C40/50
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength; fck = 40 N/mm
2

Characteristic compressive cube strength; fck,cube = 50 N/mm
2

Mean value of compressive cylinder strength; fcm = fck + 8 N/mm
2
= 48 N/mm
2

Mean value of axial tensile strength; fctm = 0.3 N/mm
2
(fck/ 1 N/mm
2
)
2/3
= 3.5 N/mm
2

Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ecm = 22 kN/mm
2
[fcm/10 N/mm
2
]
0.3
= 35220 N/mm
2

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Partial factor for concrete (Table 2.1N); C = 1.50
Compressive strength coefficient (cl.3.1.6(1)); occ = 0.85
Design compressive concrete strength (exp.3.15); fcd = occ fck / C = 22.7 N/mm
2

Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fyk = 500 N/mm
2

Partial factor for reinforcing steel (Table 2.1N); S = 1.15
Design yield strength of reinforcement; fyd = fyk / S = 435 N/mm
2

Nominal cover to reinforcement
Nominal cover to top reinforcement; cnom_t = 35 mm
Nominal cover to bottom reinforcement; cnom_b = 35 mm
Nominal cover to side reinforcement; cnom_s = 35 mm
Support A

300
2 x 8 shear legs at 200 c/c
4 x 16 bars
4 x 16 bars

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)
Minimum moment factor (cl.9.2.1.2(1)); |1 = 0.25
Design bending moment; M = max(abs(MA_red), |1 abs(Ms1_red)) = 142 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_t - |v - |top / 2 = 449 mm
Percentage redistribution; mrA = 20 %
Redistribution ratio; o = min(1 - mrA, 1) = 0.800
K = M / (b d
2
fck) = 0.059
K' = 0.598 o - 0.181 o
2
- 0.21 = 0.153
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min((d / 2) [1 + (1 - 3.53 K)
0.5
], 0.95 d) = 424 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5 (d - z) = 61 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As,req = M / (fyd z) = 767 mm
2

Tension reinforcement provided; 4 16| bars
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As,prov = 804 mm
2

Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); As,min = max(0.26 fctm / fyk, 0.0013) b d = 246 mm
2

Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.9.2.1.1(3)); As,max = 0.04 b h = 6000 mm
2

PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Minimum bottom reinforcement at supports
Minimum reinforcement factor (cl.9.2.1.4(1)); |2 = 0.25
Area of reinforcement to adjacent span; As,span = 1963 mm
2

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Minimum bottom reinforcement to support; As2,min = |2 As,span = 491 mm
2

Bottom reinforcement provided; 4 16| bars
Area of bottom reinforcement provided; As2,prov = 804 mm
2

PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear (Section 6.2)
Design shear force at support A; VEd,max = abs(max(VA_max, VA_red)) = 249 kN
Angle of comp. shear strut for maximum shear; umax = 45 deg
Maximum design shear force (exp.6.9); VRd,max = b z v1 fcd / (cot(umax) + tan(umax)) = 727 kN
PASS - Design shear force at support is less than maximum design shear force
Design shear force span 1 at 449 mm; VEd = max(VA_s1_max, VA_s1_red) = 220 kN
Design shear stress; vEd = VEd / (b z) = 1.730 N/mm
2

Strength reduction factor (cl.6.2.3(3)); v1 = 0.6 [1 - fck / 250 N/mm
2
] = 0.504
Compression chord coefficient (cl.6.2.3(3)); ocw = 1.00
Angle of concrete compression strut (cl.6.2.3);
u = min(max(0.5 Asin[min(2 vEd / (ocw fcd v1),1)], 21.8 deg), 45deg) = 21.8 deg
Area of shear reinforcement required (exp.6.13); Asv,req = vEd b / (fyd cot(u)) = 477 mm
2
/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8| legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm
2
/m
Minimum area of shear reinforcement (exp.9.5N); Asv,min = 0.08 N/mm
2
b (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
/ fyk = 304 mm
2
/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing (exp.9.6N); svl,max = 0.75 d = 337 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Crack control (Section 7.3)
Maximum crack width; wk = 0.3 mm
Design value modulus of elasticity reinf (3.2.7(4)); Es = 200000 N/mm
2

Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct,eff = fctm = 3.5 N/mm
2

Stress distribution coefficient; kc = 0.4
Non-uniform self-equilibrating stress coefficient; k = min(max(1 + (300 mm - min(h, b)) 0.35 / 500 mm, 0.65), 1) = 1.00
Actual tension bar spacing; sbar = (b - 2 (cnom_s + |v) - |top) / (Ntop - 1) = 66 mm
Maximum stress permitted (Table 7.3N); os = 347 N/mm
2

Concrete to steel modulus of elast. ratio; ocr = Es / Ecm = 5.68
Distance of the Elastic NA from bottom of beam; y = (b h
2
/ 2 + As,prov (ocr - 1) (h - d)) / (b h + As,prov (ocr - 1)) =
245 mm
Area of concrete in the tensile zone; Act = b y = 73539 mm
2

Minimum area of reinforcement required (exp.7.1); Asc,min = kc k fct,eff Act / os = 297 mm
2

PASS - Area of tension reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required for crack control
Quasi-permanent value of variable action; 2 = 0.30
Quasi-permanent limit state moment; MQP = abs(MA_c21) + 2 abs(MA_c22) = 81 kNm
Permanent load ratio; RPL = MQP / M = 0.57
Service stress in reinforcement; osr = fyd As,req / As,prov RPL = 237 N/mm
2

Maximum bar spacing (Tables 7.3N); sbar,max = 200 mm
PASS - Maximum bar spacing exceeds actual bar spacing for crack control
Minimum bar spacing
Minimum bottom bar spacing; sbar,min = (b - 2 cnom_s - 2 |v - |bot) / (Nbot - 1) = 66 mm
Minimum allowable bottom bar spacing; sbar_bot,min = max(|bot, hagg + 5 mm, 20 mm) + |bot = 41 mm
Minimum top bar spacing; sbar,min = (b - 2 cnom_s - 2 |v - |top) / (Ntop - 1) = 66 mm
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Minimum allowable top bar spacing; sbar_top,min = max(|top, hagg + 5 mm, 20 mm) + |top = 41 mm
PASS - Actual bar spacing exceeds minimum allowable
Mid span 1

300
4 x 25 bars
2 x 16 bars

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1) - Positive midspan moment
Design bending moment; M = abs(Ms1_red) = 315 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_b - |v - |bot / 2 = 445 mm
Percentage redistribution; mrs1 = Ms1_red / Ms1_max - 1 = 18.9 %
Redistribution ratio; o = min(1 - mrs1, 1) = 0.811
K = M / (b d
2
fck) = 0.133
K' = 0.598 o - 0.181 o
2
- 0.21 = 0.156
Lever arm; z = min((d / 2) [1 + (1 - 3.53 K)
0.5
], 0.95 d) = 384 mm
2

2

2

2

Design shear force at span s1; VEd,max = max(Vs1_mid, 0 kN) = 131 kN
Design shear force Span 1 - 2400 mm to 5600 mm; VEd = max(Vs1_mid, 0 kN) = 131 kN
2

2
] = 0.504
2
/m
2
/m
2
b (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
/ fyk = 304 mm
2
/m
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2

2

Actual tension bar spacing; sbar = (b - 2 (cnom_s + |v) - |bot) / (Nbot - 1) = 63 mm
2

2
239 mm
2

2

Quasi-permanent limit state moment; MQP = abs(Ms1_c21) + 2 abs(Ms1_c22) = 122 kNm
2

Minimum bar spacing
Deflection control (Section 7.4)
Reference reinforcement ratio; m0 = (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
/ 1000 = 0.006
Required tension reinforcement ratio; m = As,req / (b d) = 0.014
Required compression reinforcement ratio; 'm = As2,req / (b d) = 0.000
Structural system factor (Table 7.4N); Kb = 1.3
Basic allowable span to depth ratio (7.16b); span_to_depthbasic = Kb [11 + 1.5 (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
m0 / (m - 'm)
+ (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
('m / m0)
0.5
/ 12] = 19.817
Reinforcement factor (exp.7.17); Ks = min(As,prov / As,req 500 N/mm
2
/ fyk, 1.5) = 1.042
Flange width factor; F1 = 1.000
Long span supporting brittle partition factor; F2 = 1.000
Allowable span to depth ratio; span_to_depthallow = min(span_to_depthbasic Ks F1 F2, 40 Kb) =
20.640
Actual span to depth ratio; span_to_depthactual = Ls1 / d = 17.998
PASS - Actual span to depth ratio is within the allowable limit
Support B

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8
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300
2 x 25 bars
4 x 25 bars

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)
Design bending moment; M = abs(MB_red) = 270 kNm
Percentage redistribution; mrB = 30 %
Redistribution ratio; o = min(1 - mrB, 1) = 0.700
K = M / (b d
2
fck) = 0.114
K' = 0.598 o - 0.181 o
2
- 0.21 = 0.120
Lever arm; z = min((d / 2) [1 + (1 - 3.53 K)
0.5
], 0.95 d) = 394 mm
2

2

2

2

Design shear force at support B; VEd,max = abs(max(VB_max, VB_red)) = 287 kN
Design shear force span 1 at 7556 mm; VEd = abs(min(VB_s1_max, VB_s1_red)) = 258 kN
2

2
] = 0.504
2
/m
2
/m
2
b (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
/ fyk = 304 mm
2
/m
Design shear force span 2 at 445 mm; VEd = max(VB_s2_max, VB_s2_red) = 212 kN
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2

2
] = 0.504
2
/m
2
/m
2
b (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
/ fyk = 304 mm
2
/m
2

2

2

2
239 mm
2

2

Quasi-permanent limit state moment; MQP = abs(MB_c21) + 2 abs(MB_c22) = 189 kNm
2

Minimum bar spacing
Mid span 2

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Sheet no./rev.
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300
2 x 25 bars
2 x 16 bars

Design bending moment; M = abs(Ms2_red) = 159 kNm
Percentage redistribution; mrs2 = Ms2_red / Ms2_max - 1 = 9.2 %
Redistribution ratio; o = min(1 - mrs2, 1) = 0.908
K = M / (b d
2
fck) = 0.067
K' = 0.598 o - 0.181 o
2
- 0.21 = 0.184
Lever arm; z = min((d / 2) [1 + (1 - 3.53 K)
0.5
], 0.95 d) = 416 mm
2

2

2

2

2
/m
2
b (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
/ fyk = 304 mm
2
/m
Design shear resistance (assuming cot(u) is 2.5); Vprov = 2.5 Asv,prov z fyd = 151.7 kN
Shear links provided valid between 1400 mm and 5700 mm with tension reinforcement of 982 mm
2

2

2

2

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2
244 mm
2

2

Quasi-permanent limit state moment; MQP = abs(Ms2_c21) + 2 abs(Ms2_c22) = 56 kNm
2

Minimum bar spacing
Deflection control (Section 7.4)
Reference reinforcement ratio; m0 = (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
/ 1000 = 0.006
Required tension reinforcement ratio; m = As,req / (b d) = 0.007
Required compression reinforcement ratio; 'm = As2,req / (b d) = 0.000
Structural system factor (Table 7.4N); Kb = 1.3
Basic allowable span to depth ratio (7.16b); span_to_depthbasic = Kb [11 + 1.5 (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
m0 / (m - 'm)
+ (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
('m / m0)
0.5
/ 12] = 26.165
Reinforcement factor (exp.7.17); Ks = min(As,prov / As,req 500 N/mm
2
/ fyk, 1.5) = 1.120
Flange width factor; F1 = 1.000
Long span supporting brittle partition factor; F2 = 1.000
Allowable span to depth ratio; span_to_depthallow = min(span_to_depthbasic Ks F1 F2, 40 Kb) =
29.301
Actual span to depth ratio; span_to_depthactual = Ls2 / d = 13.498
PASS - Actual span to depth ratio is within the allowable limit
Support C

300
4 x 16 bars
4 x 16 bars

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Sheet no./rev.
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Design bending moment; M = abs(MC_red) = 78 kNm
Percentage redistribution; mrC = 0 %
Redistribution ratio; o = min(1 - mrC, 1) = 1.000
K = M / (b d
2
fck) = 0.032
K' = 0.598 o - 0.181 o
2
- 0.21 = 0.207
Lever arm; z = min((d / 2) [1 + (1 - 3.53 K)
0.5
], 0.95 d) = 427 mm
2

2

2

2

Minimum bottom reinforcement at supports
Minimum reinforcement factor (cl.9.2.1.4(1)); |2 = 0.25
Area of reinforcement to adjacent span; As,span = 982 mm
2

Minimum bottom reinforcement to support; As2,min = |2 As,span = 245 mm
2

Bottom reinforcement provided; 4 16| bars
Area of bottom reinforcement provided; As2,prov = 804 mm
2

PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum area of reinforcement required
Design shear force at support C; VEd,max = abs(max(VC_max, VC_red)) = 170 kN
Design shear force span 2 at 5551 mm; VEd = abs(min(VC_s2_max, VC_s2_red)) = 160 kN
2

2
] = 0.504
2
/m
2
/m
2
b (fck / 1 N/mm
2
)
0.5
/ fyk = 304 mm
2
/m
FAIL - Area of shear reinforcement provided is less than the minimum required
2

2

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Sheet no./rev.
13
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2

2
245 mm
2

2

Quasi-permanent limit state moment; MQP = abs(MC_c21) + 2 abs(MC_c22) = 27 kNm
2

Minimum bar spacing
Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1) - Negative span moment
Design bending moment; M = abs(MC_neg) = 2 kNm
Percentage redistribution; mrC = 0 %
Redistribution ratio; o = min(1 - mrC, 1) = 1.000
K = M / (b d
2
fck) = 0.001
K' = 0.598 o - 0.181 o
2
- 0.21 = 0.207
Lever arm; z = min((d / 2) [1 + (1 - 3.53 K)
0.5
], 0.95 d) = 427 mm
2

2

2

2

2

2

2

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Sheet no./rev.
14
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Date
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2
245 mm
2

2

Quasi-permanent limit state moment; MQP = abs(MC_c21) + 2 abs(MC_c22) = 27 kNm
2

Minimum bar spacing

EC2 Continuous Beam Design

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