Labor Cases For Oct 8, 2014

Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page
Mariwasa Siam Ceramics v.

Secretary
December 21, 2009
Ponente: Nachura, J.
Naomi Q.
SUMMARY: Mariwasa fle a !etition "or cancellation o" union
registration o" SMMS#$%ne!enent& alleging t'at t'e union
"aile to com!l( wit' t'e 20) re*uirement+ S# rule in "avor
o" t'e union because t'e a,avits o" recantation were
e-ecute uner sus!icious circumstances& an contain
allegations unsu!!orte b( evience+
DOCTRINE:
.or t'e !ur!ose o" e$certi"(ing a union& it must be s'own t'at
t'ere was misre!resentation& "alse statement or "rau in
connection wit' t'e ao!tion or ratifcation o" t'e constitution
an b($laws or amenments t'ereto/ t'e minutes o"
ratifcation/ or& in connection wit' t'e election o" o,cers& t'e
minutes o" t'e election o" o,cers& t'e list o" voters& or "ailure
to submit t'ese ocuments toget'er wit' t'e list o" t'e newl(
electe$a!!ointe o,cers an t'eir !ostal aresses to t'e
0LR+
FACTS:
Petitioner Mariwasa Siam #eramics& %nc+ fle a Petition "or
#ancellation o" 1nion Registration against res!onent Sama'an
2g Mga Manggagawa Sa Mariwasa Siam #eramics& %nc+ 3SMMS#$
%ne!enent4& claiming t'at t'e latter violate Article 254 o" t'e
Labor #oe "or not com!l(ing wit' t'e 20) re*uirement& an
t'at it committe massive "rau an misre!resentation in
violation o" Article 256 o" t'e same coe+
Regiona Director o" D7L8 %9$A issue an 7rer granting t'e
!etition& revo:ing t'e registration o" res!onent& an elisting it
"rom t'e roster o" active labor unions+
!"R reverse Regional Director;s ecision+ Denie MR+
CA enie !etitioner;s Petition "or #ertiorari+ Denie MR+ <ence
t'is !etition+
='e !etitioner insists t'at res!onent "aile to com!l( wit' t'e
20) union members'i! re*uirement "or its registration as a
legitimate labor organi>ation because o" t'e isa,liation "rom
t'e total number o" union members o" 102 em!lo(ees w'o
e-ecute a,avits recanting t'eir union members'i!+
='e a,avits uni"orml( state t'at?
14 %n s!ite o" 'is 'esitation& t'e a,ant was "orce an eceive
into @oining t'e res!onent union+
24 ='e a,ants regret @oining res!onent union an e-!ress t'e
esire to abanon or renege "rom w'atever agreement t'e( ma(
'ave signe regaring members'i! wit' res!onent+
ISSUE#$E"D: %ON t&e 'nion com(ie) wit& t&e *+,
s'-scri(tion re.'irement / YES
T&ere is a )istinction -etween wit&)rawas ma)e -e0ore
t&e 1ing o0 t&e (etition 0or certi1cation eection2 an)
wit&)rawas ma)e a0ter.
%" mae be"ore t'e names o" em!lo(ees su!!orting t'e !etition
are su!!ose to be 'el secret to t'e o!!osite !art(+ Logicall(&
an( suc' wit'rawal or retraction s'ows voluntariness in t'e
absence o" !roo" to t'e contrar(+
%" mae a"ter t'e em!lo(ees w'o are su!!orting t'e !etition
become :nown to t'e o!!osite !art( since t'eir names are
attac'e to t'e !etition at t'e time o" fling+ ='ere"ore& it woul
not be une-!ecte t'at t'e o!!osite !art( woul use "oul means
"or t'e sub@ect em!lo(ees to wit'raw t'eir su!!ort+
1
$ERE2 t&e a3)avits o0 recantation were e4ec'te) AFTER
t&e 'nion 1e) a (etition # a0ter t&e i)entities o0 t&e 'nion
mem-ers -ecame ('-ic.
='e !ur!orte wit'rawal o" su!!ort "or t'e registration o" t'e
union was mae a"ter t'e ocuments were submitte to t'e
D7L8& Region %9$A+ ='e logical conclusion& t'ere"ore& "ollowing
@uris!ruence& is t'at t'e em!lo(ees were not totall( "ree "rom
t'e em!lo(er;s !ressure& an so t'e voluntariness o" t'e
em!lo(ees; e-ecution o" t'e a,avits becomes sus!ect+
T&e a3)avits were e4ec'te) 'n)er s's(icio's
circ'mstances.
='e frst batc' o" 2A !ro "orma a,avits s'ows t'at t'e a,avits
were e-ecute b( t'e iniviual a,ants on iBerent ates but
t'e( were all sworn be"ore a notar( !ublic on Cune D& 200A+
='ere was also a secon set o" EE stanari>e a,avits
e-ecute on iBerent ates& AF o" t'ese were notari>e on Cune
D& 200A& t'e ver( same ate w'en t'e frst set was notari>e+
#onsiering t'at t'e frst set was submitte to t'e D7L8 on Cune
14& 200A& it is sur!rising w'( !etitioner was able to submit t'e
secon set o" a,avits onl( on Cul( 12& 200A+
Accoringl(& we cannot give "ull creence to t'ese a,avits&
w'ic' were e-ecute uner sus!icious circumstances& an w'ic'
contain allegations unsu!!orte b( evience+ At best& t'ese
a,avits are sel"$serving+ ='e( !ossess no !robative value+
T&e retractions &ere are -are aegations an) cannot -e
'(&e).
A retraction oes not necessaril( negate an earlier eclaration+
.or t'is reason& retractions are loo:e u!on wit' is"avor an o
not automaticall( e-clue t'e original statement or eclaration
base solel( on t'e recantation+ %t is im!erative t'at a
etermination be frst mae as to w'ic' between t'e original an
t'e new statements s'oul be given weig't or accore belie"&
a!!l(ing t'e general rules on evience+
Res(on)ent is a egitimate a-or organi5ation.
8ven assuming t'e veracit( o" t'e a,avits o" recantation& t'e
legitimac( o" res!onent as a labor organi>ation must be
a,rme+ G'ile it is true t'at t'e wit'rawal o" su!!ort ma( be
consiere as a resignation "rom t'e union& t'e "act remains t'at
at t'e time o" t'e union;s a!!lication "or registration& t'e a,ants
were members o" res!onent an t'e( com!rise more t'an t'e
re*uire 20) members'i! "or !ur!oses o" registration as a labor
union+
Article 254 o" t'e Labor #oe merel( re*uires a 20) minimum
members'i! uring t'e a!!lication "or union registration+ %t oes
not manate t'at a union must maintain t'e 20) minimum
members'i! re*uirement all t'roug'out its e-istence+
$ow to )e6certi0y a 'nion: .or t'e !ur!ose o" e$certi"(ing a
union suc' as res!onent& it must be s'own t'at t'ere was
misre!resentation& "alse statement or "rau in connection wit'
t'e ao!tion or ratifcation o" t'e constitution an b($laws or
amenments t'ereto/ t'e minutes o" ratifcation/ or& in
connection wit' t'e election o" o,cers& t'e minutes o" t'e
election o" o,cers& t'e list o" voters& or "ailure to submit t'ese
ocuments toget'er wit' t'e list o" t'e newl( electe$a!!ointe
o,cers an t'eir !ostal aresses to t'e 0LR+
T&ere was no 0ra') or misre(resentation.
='e bare "act t'at two signatures a!!eare twice on t'e list o"
t'ose w'o !artici!ate in t'e organi>ational meeting woul not&
to our min& !rovie a vali reason to cancel res!onent;s
certifcate o" registration+
2
='e cancellation o" a union;s registration oubtless 'as an
im!airing imension on t'e rig't o" labor to sel"$organi>ation+ .or
"rau an misre!resentation to be grouns "or cancellation o"
union registration uner t'e Labor #oe& t'e nature o" t'e "rau
an misre!resentation must be grave an com!elling enoug' to
vitiate t'e consent o" a ma@orit( o" union members+
%n t'is case& we agree wit' t'e 0LR an t'e #A t'at res!onent
coul not 'ave !ossibl( committe misre!resentation& "rau& or
"alse statements+ ='e allege "ailure o" res!onent to inicate
wit' mat'ematical !recision t'e total number o" em!lo(ees in
t'e bargaining unit is o" no moment& es!eciall( as it was able to
com!l( wit' t'e 20) minimum members'i! re*uirement+
STA. LUCIA EAST COMMERCIAL
CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. HON. SECRETARY OF LABOR
AND EMPLOYMENT and STA. LUCIA EAST COMMERCIAL
CORPORATION WORKERS ASSOCIATION (CLUP LOCAL
CHAPTER),Respondents.
Ponente: Carpio
Date: August 14, 2009
By: Marian C. Castillo
FACTS/SUMMARY: This is a petition for reie! assailing
the De"ision pro#ulgate$ %y the Court of Appeals $enying &ta.
'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation)s *&'(CC+ petition, an$
affir#ing the &e"retary of 'a%or an$ (#ploy#ent *&e"retary+
that the su%se,uent negotiations an$ registration of a "olle"tie
%argaining agree#ent *CBA+ e-e"ute$ %y &'(CC !ith &a#ahang
Manggaga!a sa &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial *&M&'(C+ "oul$ not
%ar &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation .or/ers
Asso"iation)s *&'(CC.A+ petition for $ire"t "ertifi"ation. In s!,
"#$ %a&"s a'$ as %())(*s: Confe$erate$ 'a%or 0nion of the
Philippines *C'0P+, in %ehalf of its "hartere$ lo"al, institute$ a
petition for "ertifi"ation ele"tion a#ong the regular ran/1an$1file
e#ployees of &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation an$ its
Affiliates 2C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion3.
4o!eer, Me$1Ar%iter Ba"tin or$ere$ the $is#issal of the petition
$ue to inappropriateness of the %argaining unit. 5n the
#eanti#e, C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion
reorgani6e$ itself an$ re1registere$ as C'0P1&ta. 'u"ia (ast
Co##er"ial Corporation .or/ers Asso"iation *herein appellant
C'0P1&'(CC.A+, li#iting its #e#%ership to the ran/1an$1file
e#ployees of &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation. 5t !as
issue$ Certifi"ate of Creation of a 'o"al Chapter 7o. 894001
01101CC1004. Thereafter, C'0P1&'(CC.A file$ a petition for
$ire"t "ertifi"ation. &'(CC file$ a #otion to $is#iss the petition.
5t aerre$ that it has oluntarily re"ogni6e$ &M&'(C as the
e-"lusie %argaining agent of its regular ran/1an$1file e#ployees,
an$ that "olle"tie %argaining negotiations alrea$y "o##en"e$
%et!een the# *an$ a CBA !as later ratifie$ an$ registere$+.
&'(CC argue$ that the petition shoul$ %e $is#isse$ for iolating
the one year an$ negotiation %ar rules un$er pars. *"+ an$ *$+,
&e"tion 11, 8ule :5, Boo/ ; of the 9#ni%us 8ules 5#ple#enting
the 'a%or Co$e.
HELD/DOCTRINE '$ Can&$))a"+(n (% Un+(n
C$'"+%+&a"$ R$,+s"'a"+(n : C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers
0nion)s initial pro%le# !as that they "onstitute$ a legiti#ate
la%or organi6ation representing a non1appropriate %argaining
unit. 4o!eer, C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion
su%se,uently re1registere$ as C'0P1&'(CC.A, li#iting its
#e#%ers to the ran/1an$1file of &'(CC. &'(CC "annot ignore
that C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion !as a
legiti#ate la%or organi6ation at the ti#e of &'(CC)s oluntary
re"ognition of &M&'(C. &'(CC an$ &M&'(C "annot, %y
the#seles, $e"i$e !hether C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates
.or/ers 0nion represente$ an appropriate %argaining unit. T#$
+n&)s+(n +n "#$ n+(n (% d+s-a)+%+$d $!.)(/$$s +s n("
a!(n, "#$ ,'(nds %(' &an&$))a"+(n (% '$,+s"'a"+(n, n)$ss
s&# +n&)s+(n +s d$ "( !+s'$.'$s$n"a"+(n, %a)s$
5
S'ort? Pening a !etition "or cancellation o" t'e union;s
registration& Sec o" Labor orere t'e !arties to negotiate
t'e #0A+
Doctrine: 7en)ency o0 a (etition 0or canceation o0
'nion registration )oes not (rec')e coective
-argaining. i" a certifcation election ma( still be
orere es!ite t'e !enenc( o" a !etition to cancel t'e
union;s registration& more so s'oul t'e collective
bargaining !rocess continue es!ite its !enenc(/ ='e
ma@orit( status o" res!onent union is not aBecte b( t'e
!enenc( o" t'e !etition "or cancellation !ening against
it/ unless t'e certifcate o" registration an its status as
t'e certife bargaining agent are revo:e& t'e em!lo(er
is ut( boun to collectivel( bargain wit' t'e union/
s"a"$!$n" (' %'ad nd$' "#$ &+'&!s"an&$s $n!$'a"$d
+n S$&"+(ns (a) "( (&) (% A'"+&)$ 012 (% "#$ La3('
C(d$. Thus, C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion, haing
%een ali$ly issue$ a "ertifi"ate of registration, shoul$ %e
"onsi$ere$ as haing a",uire$ <uri$i"al personality !hi"h #ay
not %e atta"/e$ "ollaterally. The proper pro"e$ure for &'(CC is to
file a petition for "an"ellation of "ertifi"ate of registration

of
C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion an$ not to
i##e$iately "o##en"e oluntary re"ognition pro"ee$ings !ith
&M&'(C.
Digite Teecomm v Digite Em(oyees
Union et a
2012
Pere>& C+
Hen Molave
Facts:
1664& union 'er became e-clusive bargaining agent o" all
ran: an fle em!lo(ees o" Digitel+ %t commence bargaining
negotiations w'ic' resulte in a bargaining ealoc:+ %t
t'reatene to go on stri:e but t'e acting labor secretar( t'en
assume @urisiction an irecte t'e !arties to e-ecute a #0A+
2o #0A was "orge& 'owever+ Some members o" t'e union
le"t Digitel an t'e union became ormant+
2004& Digitel receive "rom 8s!lana 3w'o claime to be
!resient o" t'e union4 a list o" o,cers& #0A !ro!osals an
groun rules+ Digitel was reluctant to negotiate wit' t'e union
an re*uire com!liance wit' !rovisions o" t'e union;s
constitution an b($laws on members'i! an election o" o,cers+
8s!lana an 'is grou! t'en flea case "or !reventive
meiation wit' 2#M0 on Digitel;s violation o" t'e ut( to bargain+
Later t'e( fle a notice o" stri:e+ A"ter& Labor Sec Sto+ =omas
assume @urisiction over t'e case+
Pening t'e controvers(& DigitelServince& %nc 3Digiserve4&
an enter!rise engage in call center servicing fle wit' D7L8 an
establis'ment termination re!ort stating t'at it will cease its
business o!erations+ ='e closure aBecte at least 100
em!lo(ees+ 42 are members o" t'e union+
0ecause o" t'is& 8s!lana an 'is grou! fle anot'er notice
o" stri:e 3"or union busting& illegal loc:$out an violation o"
assum!tion orer4+ Secretar( o" Labor sai t'e secon notice o"
stri:e was subsume b( t'e !revious Assum!tion 7rer+
Meanw'ile& Digitel soug't to cancel t'e union;s
registration wit' 0LR+ ='is was ismisse "or lac:o" merit+
4
Sec o" Labor orere Digitel to commence #0A
negotiation+ Digitel motione "or reconsieration sa(ing t'at t'e
!etition "or cancellation o" t'e union;s certifcate o" registration is
a !re@uicial *uestion be"ore D7L8 coul orer t'e !arties to
bargain collectivel(+ M.R was enie+
As "or t'e 1LP issue& it was ismisse b( t'e 2LR# but
eclare t'e ismissal o" 15 em!lo(ees o" Digiserv as illegal an
orer reinstatement+ 1nion mani"este t'at out o" t'e 42& onl( 15
remaine because most 'a acce!te se!aration !a(+
Digitel t'en went to #A to *uestion ecision o" Sec o"
Labor on t'e !re@uicial *uestion issue an ecision o" 2LR# on
illegal ismissal issue+
#A u!'el Sec o" Labor;s orer "or Digitel to commence
#0A negotiations an em!'asi>e t'at t'e !enenc( o" a !etition
o" a !etition "or t'e cancellation o" a union;s registration oes not
bar t'e 'oling o" negotiations "or a #0A+ #A sustaine fning
t'at Digiserv is a labor$onl( contractor+ M.R enie+
%#N (en)ency o0 a (etition 0or canceation o0 'nion
registration (rec')e coective -argaining. No.
R'e we sette).
$ #a!itol Meical #enter v <on+ =ra@ano? i" a certifcation
election ma( still be orere es!ite t'e !enenc( o" a
!etition to cancel t'e union;s registration& more so s'oul
t'e collective bargaining !rocess continue es!ite its
!enenc(/ ='e ma@orit( status o" res!onent union is not
aBecte b( t'e !enenc( o" t'e !etition "or cancellation
!ening against it/ unless t'e certifcate o" registration
an its status as t'e certife bargaining agent are
revo:e& t'e 'os!ital is ut( boun to collectivel( bargain
wit' t'e union/
Digiserv a a-or6ony contractor
$ 2o s'owing t'at it 'as substantial investment in t'e "orm
o" ca!ital& e*ui!ment or tools/
o 2LR# i not fn substantial its aut'ori>e ca!ital
stoc: o" 1 million !esos/
o 7nl( 2A0 t'ousan !esos o" t'e aut'ori>e ca!ital
stoc: 'a been subscribe an F2+A t'ousan
!esos 'a been !ai u!/
o 2o increase in ca!itali>ation "or t'e last ten (ears/
$ Also& in its Amene o" Articles "or (ears 1664& 2001 an
200A& t'e !rimar( !ur!ose o" Digiserv is to !rovie
man!ower services/
o P#% Automation #enter v 2LR#? legitimate @ob
contractor !rovies services w'ile t'e labor$onl(
contractor !rovies onl( man!ower/
$ %t oes not e-ercise control over t'e aBecte em!lo(ees/
o 2LR# 'ig'lig'te t'e "act t'at Digiserv s'are t'e
same <R& Accounting& Auit an Legal
De!artments wit' Digitel w'ic' mani"este t'at it
was Digitel w'o e-ercise control over t'e
!er"ormance over t'e aBecte em!lo(ees/
A8ecte) em(oyees were iegay )ismisse)9
A
$ 2LR# sai t'e 15 were inee em!lo(ees o" Digitel/
$ 8ven be"ore incor!oration o" Digiserv& t'e aBecte
em!lo(ees were alrea( em!lo(e b( Digitel as =ra,c
7!erators& later rename as #ustomer Service
Re!resentatives/
Digite: a8ecte) em(oyees vai)y )ismisse) on
gro'n) o0 cos're o0 Digiserv
$ S#? no/
$ .or a vali retrenc'ment& its elements
1
must be "ollowe/
$ 7nl( frst 5 were satisfe/
1*1+ That retren"h#ent is reasona%ly ne"essary an$ li/ely to preent %usiness
losses !hi"h, if alrea$y in"urre$, are not #erely $e #ini#is, %ut su%stantial,
serious, a"tual an $ real, or if only e-pe"te$, are reasona%ly i##inent as
per"eie$ o%<e"tiely an$ in goo$ faith %y the e#ployer=
*2+ That the e#ployer sere$ !ritten noti"e %oth to the e#ployees an$ to the
Depart#ent of 'a%or an$ (#ploy#ent at least one #onth prior to the inten$e$
$ate of retren"h#ent=
*>+ That the e#ployer pays the retren"he$ e#ployees separation pay e,uialent
to one *1+ #onth pay or at least ? #onth pay for eery year of seri"e,
!hi"heer is higher=
*4+ That the e#ployer e-er"ises its prerogatie to retren"h e#ployees in goo$
faith for the a$an"e#ent of its interest an$ not to $efeat or "ir"u#ent the
e#ployees@ right to se"urity of tenure= an$
*A+ That the e#ployer use$ fair an$ reasona%le "riteria in as"ertaining !ho
!oul$ %e $is#isse$ an$ !ho !oul$ %e retaine$ a#ong the e#ployees, su"h as
status, effi"ien"y, seniority, physi"al fitness, age, an$ finan"ial har$ship for
"ertain !or/ers.
Digite in -a) 0ait&
$ #lsosure o" Digiserv !ening t'e e-istence o" an
assum!tion orer cou!le wit' t'e creation o" a new
cor!oration !er"orming similar "unctions as Digiserv
leaves no oubt t'at t'e targeot t'e closure are t'e
union$member em!lo(ees/
7etition Denie).
ADAMSON & ADAMSON, INC., petitioner, vs.THE
COURT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS and
ADAMSON & ADAMSON SUPERISOR! UNION
"FF#$, respondents.
Jan 31, 1984
Gutierrez, Jr.
F
Summary: The supervisors union and the rank and i!e union o the same
emp!oyer "ompany, #damson $ #damson, %n"., &oined one nationa!
ederation, 'ederations o 'ree (orkers. The emp!oyer "ompany
"ha!!en)ed this ai!iation o the t*o unions.
+o"trine: There is a re"o)nized ru!e that the ri)ht o supervisory
emp!oyees to or)anize under the %ndustria! ,ea"e #"t "arries "ertain
restri"tions -ut the ri)ht itse! may not -e denied or undu!y a-rid)ed. The
supervisory emp!oyees o an emp!oyer "annot &oin any !a-or or)anization
o emp!oyees under their supervision -ut may va!id!y orm a separate
or)anization o their o*n.
Fa%ts&The petitioner emp!oyer #damson $ #damson %n". ar)ues that the
ai!iation o the respondent union o supervisors, the sa!esmen.s
asso"iation, and the #damson and #damson independent (orkers /nion
o rank and i!e personne! *ith the same nationa! ederation 0'ederation o
'ree (orkers 0''(11 vio!ates Se"tion 3 o the %ndustria! ,ea"e #"t, as
amended, -e"ause 2
011 it resu!ts in the indire"t ai!iation o supervisors and rank3and3i!e
emp!oyees *ith one !a-or or)anization4
051 sin"e respondent union and the unions o non3supervisors in the same
"ompany are )overned -y the same "onstitution and -y3!a*s o the
nationa! ederation, in pra"ti"a! ee"t, there is -ut one union4 and
31 it *ou!d resu!t in the respondent union.s !osin) its independen"e
-e"ause it -e"omes the a!ter e)o o the ederation.
The issue presented invo!ves the "orre"t interpretation o Se"tion 3 o
6epu-!i" #"t 7o. 889, the %ndustria! ,ea"e #"t, as amended, *hi"h states:
:mp!oyees sha!! have the ri)ht to se!3or)anization and to orm &oin or assist !a-or
or)anizations o their o*n "hoosin) or the purpose ; "o!!e"tive -ar)ainin) throu)h
representatives o their o*n and to en)a)e in "on"erted a"tivities or the purpose
o "o!!e"tive -ar)ainin) and other mutua! aid or prote"tion. %ndividua!s emp!oyed as
supervisors sha!! not -e e!i)i-!e or mem-ership in a !a-or or)anization o
emp!oyees under their supervision -ut may orm separate or)anizations o their
o*n.
Iss'e& (hether or not a supervisor.s union may ai!iate *ith a ederation
*ith *hi"h unions o rank and3i!e emp!oyees o the same emp!oyer are
a!so ai!iated
He(d& <es
Ratio&%n interpretin) the prote"tion to !a-or and so"ia! &usti"e provisions o
the =onstitution and the !a-or !a*s or ru!es and re)u!ations imp!ementin)
the "onstitutiona! mandates, the S= have a!*ays adopted the !i-era!
approa"h *hi"h avors the e>er"ise o !a-or ri)hts.
There is a re"o)nized ru!e that the ri)ht o supervisory emp!oyees to
or)anize under the %ndustria! ,ea"e #"t "arries "ertain restri"tions -ut the
ri)ht itse! may not -e denied or undu!y a-rid)ed. The supervisory
emp!oyees o an emp!oyer "annot &oin any !a-or or)anization o
emp!oyees under their supervision -ut may va!id!y orm a separate
or)anization o their o*n.
The #damson and #damson Supervisory /nion and the #damson and
#damson, %n"., Sa!esmen #sso"iation 0''(1, have their o*n respe"tive
"onstitutions and -y3!a*s. They are separate!y and independent!y
re)istered o ea"h other. ?oth sent their separate proposa!s or "o!!e"tive
-ar)ainin) a)reements *ith their emp!oyer. There "ou!d -e no emp!oyer
in!uen"e on rank3and3i!e or)anizationa! a"tivities nor "ou!d there-e any
rank and i!e in!uen"e on the supervisory un"tion o the supervisors
-e"ause o the representation sou)ht to -e pros"ri-ed.
The "onusion seems to have stemmed rom the sui> o ''( ater the
name o the !o"a! unions in the re)istration o -oth. 7onethe!ess, the
in"!usion o ''( in the re)istration is mere!y to stress that they are its
ai!iates at the time o re)istrations. %t does not mean that said !o"a! unions
"annot stand on their o*n neither "an it -e "onstrued that their
persona!ities are so mer)ed *ith the mother ederation that or one
dieren"e or another they "annot pursue their o*n *ays, independent!y o
the ederation. This is -orne -y the a"t that ''(, !ike other ederation is a
!e)itimate !a-or or)anization separate and distin"t rom its !o"a!s and
ai!iates.
Atas v. "ag'esma
E
Dea Sae Me)ica Center v.
"ag'esma
12 August 1998
Ponente: J. Mendoa
!oe Anuncio
SUMMARY: ='e su!ervisor( em!lo(ees o" !etitioner
"orme a union+ ='e RA. em!lo(ees li:ewise "orme a union
o" t'eir own+ ='ese two unions& 'owever& are a,liate wit'
t'e same national "eeration+ G'en t'e union o"
su!ervisor( em!lo(ees fle a !etition "or certifcation
election& t'e !etitioner o!!ose alleging t'at t'e union;s
a,liation wit' t'e national "eeration wit' w'ic' t'e RA.
em!lo(ees; union is also a,liate violates t'e Labor #oe+
S# sa(s t'e IR is t'at t'e union o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees
cannot a,liate wit' t'e "eeration wit' w'ic' t'e RA.
em!lo(ees are a,liate+ ='ere is& 'owever& an e-ce!tion to
t'is rule+
DOCTRINE: ='e union o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees ma(
a,liate wit' t'e "eeration wit' w'ic' t'e RA. em!lo(ees
are a,liate sub@ect to certain conitions+
FACTS:
De La Salle 1niversit( Meical #enter an #ollege o"
Meicine 3DLS1M##M4 is a 'os!ital an meical sc'ool+
Private res!onent .eeration o" .ree Gor:ersDe La Salle
1niversit( Meical #enter an #ollege o" Meicine
Su!ervisor( 1nion #'a!ter 3..G$DLS1M##MS1#4& on t'e
ot'er 'an& is a labor organi>ation com!ose o" t'e
su!ervisor( em!lo(ees o" !etitioner DLS1M##M+
Private res!onent ..G$DLS1M##MS1# is a local c'a!ter
o" t'e .eeration o" .ree Gor:ers 3..G4& a national
"eeration o" labor union+ ..G fle a !etition "or
certifcation election in be'al" o" ..G$DLS1M##MS1#+
='is was o!!ose b( !etitioner DLS1M##M on t'e groun
t'at ..G$DLS1M##MS1# was com!ose o" bot'
su!ervisor( an ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees+
Me$arbiter? grante !etition "or cert+ election+
A!!eal to S7L8? ismisse+
ISSUES#$E"D:
1+ G72 unions "orme ine!enentl( b( su!ervisor( an
ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees o" a com!an( ma( valil( a,liate
wit' t'e same national "eeration? IR? 27+ 8J#? K8S&
sub@ect to certain conitions+
2+ G72 suc' conitions were satisfe in t'e !resent case?
K8S+
RATIO:
:.
Su!ervisor( em!lo(ees 'ave t'e rig't to sel"$organi>ation
as o ot'er classes o" em!lo(ees save onl( managerial
ones+
Art+ 24A o" t'e Labor #oe?
Su!ervisor( em!lo(ees s'all not be eligible "or
members'i! in a labor organi>ation o" t'e ran:$an$
fle em!lo(ees but ma( @oin& assist or "orm se!arate
labor organi>ations o" t'eir own+
='e reason "or t'e segregation o" su!ervisor( an ran:$
an$fle em!lo(ees o" a com!an( wit' res!ect to t'e
e-ercise o" t'e rig't to sel"$organi>ation is t'e iBerence
in t'eir interests+ Su!ervisor( em!lo(ees are more closel(
ientife wit' t'e em!lo(er t'an wit' t'e ran:$an$fle
em!lo(ees+ %" su!ervisor( an ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees in
a com!an( are allowe to "orm a single union& t'e
conLicting interests o" t'ese grou!s im!air t'eir
relations'i! an aversel( aBect isci!line& collective
bargaining& an stri:es+ ='ese conse*uences can obtain
not onl( in cases w'ere su!ervisor( an ran:$an$fle
em!lo(ees in t'e same com!an( belong to a single union
D
but also w'ere unions "orme ine!enentl( b(
su!ervisor( an ran:$anfle em!lo(ees o" a com!an(
are allowe to a,liate wit' t'e same national "eeration+
*.
='e a,liation o" two local unions in a com!an( wit' t'e
same national "eeration is not b( itsel" a negation o" t'eir
ine!enence since in relation to t'e em!lo(er& t'e local
unions are consiere as t'e !rinci!als& w'ile t'e
"eeration is eeme to be merel( t'eir agent+
='e locals are se!arate an istinct units !rimaril(
esigne to secure an maintain an e*ualit( o"
bargaining !ower between t'e em!lo(er an t'eir
em!lo(ee members in t'e economic struggle "or t'e
"ruits o" t'e @oint !rouctive eBort o" labor an ca!ital/
an t'e association o" locals into t'e national unionM
was in "urt'erance o" t'e same en+
=wo conitions w'ic' will !ermit t'e unions o" su!ervisor(
em!lo(ees an RA. em!lo(ees to be a,liate wit' t'e
same national "eeration?
14 t'e ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees are not irectl(
uner t'e aut'orit( o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees/
24 t'e national "eeration is not activel( involve in
union activities in t'e com!an(+
Re conition N1? !etitioner DLS1M##M 'as not !resente
an( evience s'owing t'at t'e ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees
com!osing t'e ot'er union are irectl( uner t'e
aut'orit( o" t'e su!ervisor( em!lo(ees+
Re conition N2? t'e !etition "or certifcation election in
t'is case was fle b( t'e ..G on be'al" o" t'e local union+
='is circumstance& w'ile s'owing active involvement b(
t'e ..G in union activities at t'e com!an(& is b( itsel"
insu,cient to @usti"( a fning o" violation o" Art+ 24A since
t'ere is no !roo" t'at t'e su!ervisors w'o com!ose t'e
local union 'ave irect aut'orit( over t'e ran:$an$fle
em!lo(ees com!osing t'e ot'er local union w'ic' is also
a,liate wit' t'e ..G+
;o<sc&e "a-or Union v. !'rea' o0
"a-or Reations
19 June 198"
Justice #ue$as
%indain
SUMMARY: 9ol:sc'el Labor 1nion was once a,liate wit'
Associate Labor 1nion "or Metal Gor:ers 3AL1M8=AL4+
9ol:sc'el an AL1M8=AL agree t'at AL1M8=AL will a!!l(
!a(roll euctions twice a mont' on t'e members
o" 9ol:sc'el as members'i! ues an ot'er "eesOfnes&
as ma( be ul( aut'ori>e b( t'e 9ol:sc'el an its
members+ ='e( calle t'is c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation+
Subse*uentl(& ma@orit( o" 9ol:sc'el;s members ecie to
isa,liate "rom AL1M8=AL in orer to o!erate on its own as
an ine!enent labor grou!& !ursuant to Art+ 241 o" t'e
Labor #oe. Moreover& t'e members o" 9ol:sc'el want
to revo:e t'eir c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation in "avor o" AL1M8=AL
7n t'e ot'er 'an& AL1M8=AL assaile t'at t'e isa,liation
is contrar( to law an t'e members are still oblige to !a(
t'eir ues+ ='e Su!reme #ourt rule t'at t'e isa,liation
was vali an t'at 9ol:sc'el is no longer oblige to !a( t'eir
union ues to AL1M8=AL+
DOCTRINE: ='e rig't o" a local union to isa,liate "rom its
mot'er union is well$settle+ %n !revious cases& it 'as been
re!eatel( 'el t'at a local union& being a se!arate an
voluntar( association& is "ree to serve t'e interest o" all its
members incluing t'e "reeom to isa,liate w'en
circumstances warrant+ ='is rig't is consistent wit' t'e
#onstitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association
6
='e em!lo(eesP c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation& even i" eclare
irrevocable& is goo onl( as long as t'e( remain members o"
t'e union concerne+ A contract between an em!lo(er an
t'e !arent organi>ation as bargaining agent "or t'e
em!lo(ees is terminate b( t'e isa,liation o" t'e local o"
w'ic' t'e em!lo(ees are members+
FACTS:
Local Union: Volkschel Labor Union(VOLKSCHEL)
Mother Union: Associated Labor Union for Metal Workers
(ALUMEAL for short)
1+ 97LH#<8L was once a,liate wit' AL1M8=AL+ 0ot' union
entere into a collective bargaining agreement 3#0A4 wit'
DMI %nc+& Peo!le;s #ar& %nc+& Hababa(an %nc+& an R=#
=raing& %nc+ 3res!onent com!anies4
2+ ='e relevant !ortion o" t'e #0A is Section 5& w'ic' states
t'at?
&ection '. #()#*+,--. . /he #,MPAN0 agrees to ma1e
2a3ro44 deductions not so5tener than t6ice a month o5
7N8,N membershi2 dues and such s2ecia4 assessments
5ees or 9nes as ma3 be du43 authoried b3 the 7N8,N,
2ro$ided that the same is co$ered b3 the indi$idua4
chec1+o: authoriation o5 the 7N8,N members. A44 said
deductions sha44 be 2rom2t43 transmitted 6ithin 9$e ;"<
da3s b3 the #,MPAN0 to the 7N8,N /reasurer. /he
#,MPAN0 sha44 2re2are t6o ;2< chec1s. ,ne ;1< chec1 6i44
be under the name o5 the 4oca4 union as their 4oca4 5und
inc4uding 4oca4 s2ecia4 assessment 5unds and the other
chec1 6i44 be 5or the A%7 !egiona4 ,=ce regarding the
remittance o5 the 7N8,N dues deduction.
5+ Subse*uentl(& t'e local union isa,liate "rom t'e
mot'er "eeration& !ursuant to Art+ 241
2
o" t'e Labor
#oe+ As a result& t'e members o" t'e local union ao!te
a resolution revo:ing t'eir c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation in "avor
o" t'e AL1M8=AL& t'e mot'er union+ 2otices were sent to
t'e mot'er union an to t'e res!onent cor!orations+
4+ ='e res!onent cor!orations was con"ronte wit' t'e
issue o" w'et'er or not to continue eucting "rom t'e
em!lo(ees; wages an remitting union ues to AL1M8=AL&
w'ic' in"orme t'e cor!orations t'at t'e( must still
continue t'e euction an remit t'e same to AL1M8=AL+
A+ ='e cor!orations soug't t'e legal o!inion o" t'e 0ureau o"
Labor Relations+
Me Arbiter ='e isa,liation was legal+ <owever&
t'e members o" t'e local union must still !a( t'eir
ues to AL1M8=AL& as agenc( "ees+
0LR Director ='e isa,liation was 27= vali+
Dues must still be !ai to AL1M8=AL& t'e mot'er
union+
D7L8 Secretar( Remane to t'e 0LR Director+
1!on reman& t'e 0LR Director maintaine t'at
t'e isa,liation was not vali+
F+ Meanw'ile& on motion o" AL1M8=AL& t'e D7L8 Secretar(
issue a writ o" e-ecution commaning t'e S'eriB o" 2LR#
to en"orce t'e orer o" t'e 0LR Director w'ic' 'as become
fnal an e-ecutor(+ ='e res!onent cor!orations 'ane
to AL1M8=AL& t'e mot'er "eeration& t'e union ues an
ot'er assessments in accorance wit' t'e #'ec:$7B
!rovision o" t'e #0A+
ISSUES:
1+ %s t'e isa,liation valiQ K8S+
2 Incumbent affiliates of existing federations or national unions may disaffiliate only for the
purpose of joining a federation or national union in the industry or region in which it properly
belongs or for the purpose of operating as an independent labor group.
10
2+ Do res!onent com!anies 'ave t'e rig't to eBect union
ues collections es!ite revocation b( t'e em!lo(ees o"
t'e c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ationQ 27+
RATIO:
!ss"e #$ %isa&liation is 'alid(
='e rig't o" a local union to isa,liate "rom its mot'er
union is well$settle+ A local union& being a se!arate an
voluntar( association& is "ree to serve t'e interest o" all its
members incluing t'e "reeom to isa,liate w'en
circumstances warrant+ ='is rig't is sanctione b( t'e
#onstitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association 3Art+ %9& Sec+
E& 16DE #onstitution4+
8n the case at bar& t'e local union;s isa,liation was
!rom!te b( t'e mot'er "eeration;s eliberate an 'abitual
ereliction o" uties towars t'e local union+ Accoring to t'e
local union& t'eir grievances were le"t unattene b( t'e mot'er
"eeration to t'e etriment o" t'e em!lo(ees; rig'ts an
interests+
G'ile t'e clear !olic( us to t'e con@oin wor:ers an
wor:er grou!s 3accoring to t'e D7L84& it is still o" !aramount
im!ortance to u!'ol t'e constitutional manate to !rotect an
labor an t'e wor:ers; rig't to sel" organi>ation+ 8n the case at
bar& it woul go against t'e s!irit o" labor law to restrict t'e local
union;s rig't to sel"$organi>ation ue to t'e e-istence o" t'e #0A+
='e S# agrees wit' t'e Me Arbiter;s o!inion? RA
isa,liation oes not isturb t'e en"orceabilit( an
aministration o" a collective agreement/ it oes not occasion a
c'ange o" aministrators o" t'e contract nor even an amenment
o" t'e !rovisions t'ereo"+S 0ut t'e contract entere into b( t'e
local union an AL1M8=AL oes not state t'at t'e local union
ma( not isa,liate "rom t'e mot'er "eeration+
!ss"e ) * With the local "nion+s disa&liation,
res-ondent cor-orations cannot contin"e the check$o. in
fa'or of the /other federation(
='e cor!orations were wrong in continuing t'e c'ec:$oB
in "avor o" t'e mot'er "eeration since t'e( were ul( notife o"
t'e isa,liation o" t'e local union an t'e local union;s
members; revocation o" t'e c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation in "avor o"
t'e mot'er "eeration+
='e rule is t'at AL1M8=AL& t'e mot'er "eeration& is
entitle to receive t'e ues "rom t'e res!onent cor!orations as
long as t'e local union is a,liate wit' it an res!onent
com!anies are aut'ori>e b( t'e members o" t'e local union to
euct union ues+
<owever& t'e em!lo(ees; c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation& even i"
eclare irrevocable& is goo onl( as long as t'e( remain
members o" t'e union concerne+ A contract between an
em!lo(er an t'e !arent organi>ationO mot'er "eeration as
bargaining agent "or t'e em!lo(ees is terminate b( t'e
isa,liation o" t'e local union o" w'ic' t'e em!lo(ees are
members+
RU"IN=: G<8R8.7R8& t'e Resolutions o" t'e 0ureau o" Labor
Relations o" Canuar( 2A& 16EE an Marc' 14& 16EE are R898RS8D
an S8= AS%D8+ Res!onent AL1M8=AL is orere to return to
!etitioner union all t'e union ues en"orce an collecte
t'roug' t'e 2LR# S'eriB b( virtue o" t'e writ o" e-ecution ate
A!ril 4& 16EE issue b( res!onent 0ureau+ 2o costs+
Maayang Sama&an v. Ramos
Date: -ebruar3 28, 2000
Ponente: Purisima, J.
Digest Ma1er: John Michae4 >ida
11
SUMMARY:
A local union election was 'el b( MSMI uner t'e
aus!ices o" 1LIGP "eeration+ Subse*uent events 3e+g+
1LIGP conucting an auit o" MSMI;s "uns& isa!!roval o"
t'e im!osition o" a P A0+00 fne& etc4 le to a souring o"
MSMI an 1LIGP;s relations'i!& ening in t'e e-!ulsion o"
MSMI "rom 1LIGP ue to acts o" islo(alt( an 1LIGP
!ressuring Ireenfel to e-!el MSMI;s union o,cers "rom
t'eir @obs+ ='e #ourt 'el t'at a local union 'as t'e rig't to
isa,liate "rom its mot'er union or eclare its autonom(+ A
local union& being a se!arate an voluntar( association& is
"ree to serve t'e interests o" all its members incluing t'e
"reeom to isa,liate or eclare its autonom( "rom t'e
"eeration to w'ic' it belongs w'en circumstances warrant&
in accorance wit' t'e constitutional guarantee o" "reeom
o" association+
DOCTRINE:
Disa,liation? a local union is "ree to isa,liate or eclare its
autonom( "rom t'e "eeration to w'ic' it belongs w'en
circumstances warrant& in accorance wit' t'e
constitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association+
FACTS:
T27=8? ta:en an erive "rom earlier Labor 2 igests "rom last
(ear;s !oolU
Mala(ang Sama'an ng mga Manggagawa sa M+ Ireenfel %nc+
3MSMI4 is an a,liate o" 1nite Lumber an Ieneral Gor:ers o"
t'e P'ili!!ines 31LIGP4+ ='e #0A between MSMI an M+
Ireenfel& %nc+ 3Ireenfel4 inclues t'e "ollowing !ertinent
!rovisions?
Art+ %%$1nion Securit(
Sec+ 1+ #o$erage and &co2e+ All em!lo(ees w'o are covere b( t'is Agreement
an !resentl( members o" t'e 12%72 s'all remain members o" t'e 12%72 "or t'e
uration o" t'is Agreement as a conition !receent to continue em!lo(ment
wit' t'e #7MPA2K+
Sec+ 4+ Dismissa4. An( suc' em!lo(ee mentione in Section 2 'ereo"& w'o "ails to
maintain 'is members'i! in t'e 12%72 "or non$!a(ment o" 12%72 ues& "or
resignation an "or violation o" 12%72Ps #onstitution an 0($Laws an an( new
em!lo(ee as efne in Section 2 o" t'is Article s'all u!on written notice o" suc'
"ailure to @oin or to maintain members'i! in t'e 12%72 an u!on written
recommenation to t'e #7MPA2K b( t'e 12%72& be ismisse "rom t'e
em!lo(ment b( t'e #7MPA2K/ !rovie& 'owever& t'at t'e 12%72 s'all 'ol t'e
#7MPA2K "ree an blameless "rom an( an all liabilities t'at ma( arise s'oul t'e
ismisse em!lo(ee *uestion& in an( manner& 'is ismissal/ !rovie& "urt'er t'at
t'e matter o" t'e em!lo(eePs ismissal uner t'is Article ma( be submitte as a
grievance uner Article J%%% an& !rovie& fnall(& t'at no suc' written
recommenation s'all be mae u!on t'e #7MPA2K nor s'all #7MPA2K be
com!elle to act u!on an( suc' recommenation wit'in t'e !erio o" si-t( 3F04
a(s !rior to t'e e-!ir( ate o" t'is Agreement con"ormabl( to law+
Art+ %J
Sec+ 4+ Program -und V ='e #om!an( s'all !rovie t'e amount o" P10&000+00 a
mont' "or a continuing labor eucation !rogram w'ic' s'all be remitte to t'e
.eerationM
A local union election was 'el uner t'e aus!ices o" t'e 1LIGP&
w'ere !etitioner 0ea Magalena 9illanueva an ot'er union
o,cers were !roclaime as winners+ Later on& a Petition "or
%m!eac'ment was fle wit' t'e 1LIGP b( t'e e"eate
caniates in sai election+
Subse*uentl(& 1LIGP conucte an auit o" MSMI;s "uns+ ='e
investigation resulte in t'e clearing o" t'e c'arges against t'e
MSMI o,cers o" anomal( in t'e custo(& 'anling an
is!osition o" t'e union "uns+ ='e 14 e"eate caniates t'en
fle a Petition "or %m!eac'mentO8-!ulsion o" t'e local union
o,cers wit' t'e D7L8 2#R+ <owever& t'e same was ismisse
"or "ailure to substantiate t'e c'arges an to !resent evience in
su!!ort o" t'e allegations+
MSMI t'en 'el a general members'i! meeting& but several
union members "aile to atten& !rom!ting t'e 8-ecutive 0oar
to create a committee tas:e to investigate t'e non$attenance&
!ursuant to t'e b($laws o" t'e union+ As a result& MSMI wrote t'e
com!an( a letter re*uesting it to euct t'e union fnes "rom t'e
wagesOsalaries o" t'ose union members w'o "aile to atten t'e
general members'i! meeting+
12
='e Secretar( Ieneral o" 1LIGP& Ioo"reo Paceno& Cr+&
isa!!rove t'e resolution o" t'e local union im!osing t'e PA0
fne+ ='e union o,cers !roteste suc' action b( t'e "eeration+
Subse*uentl(& t'e "eeration wrote t'e com!an( a letter avising
t'e latter not to euct t'e PA0$fne "rom t'e salaries o" t'e
union members an re*uesting t'at an( an all "uture
re!resentations b( MSMI aBecting a number o" members be frst
cleare "rom 1LIGP be"ore corres!oning action b( Ireenfel+
Ireenfel t'en sent a re!l( to t'e local union;s re*uest& stating
t'at it cannot euct t'e fnes "rom t'e em!lo(ees; salar(
wit'out going against certain laws an suggeste t'at t'e union
re"er t'e matter to t'e !ro!er government o,ce "or resolution+
='e im!osition o" t'e fne became t'e sub@ect o" bitter
isagreement between 1LIGP an MSMI& culminating in
MSMI;s eclaration o" general autonom( "rom t'e "ormer
t'roug' a resolution !asse b( t'e local e-ecutive boar an
ratife b( t'e general members'i!+ %n retaliation& 1LIGP as:e
t'e com!an( to sto! t'e remittance o" t'e local union;s s'are in
t'e eucation "uns+ MSMI ob@ecte+ Ireenfel was t'ere"ore
constraine to fle a #om!laint "or %nter!leaer wit' a Petition "or
Declarator( Relie" wit' t'e Me$Arbiter 0ranc' o" t'e D7L8+
Me)6Ar-iter: 1LIGP& t'roug' its local union o,cers& s'all
aminister t'e #0A+ ='e #om!an( s'all remit P10&000 mont'l(
labor eucation !rogram "un to t'e 1LIGP sub@ect to t'e
conition t'at it s'all be use "or its intene !ur!ose+ ='e
treasurer o" MSMI s'all be aut'ori>e to collect "rom t'e 5AF
union members PA0 as !enalt( "or t'eir "ailure to atten t'e
general members'i! assembl(+ <owever& i" t'e MSMI 7,cers
coul !resent t'e iniviual written aut'ori>ations o" t'e 5AF
union members t'en t'e com!an( is oblige to euct t'e fne
"rom t'e salaries o" sai union members+
Director >on a((ea?: ='e com!an( s'oul remit PA000 o" t'e
P10&000 mont'l( labor eucation !rogram "un to 1LIGP an
t'e ot'er PA000 to MSMI+
Meanw'ile& t'e o,cials o" 1LIGP calle a S!ecial 2ational
8-ecutive 0oar Meeting w'ere a Resolution was !asse !lacing
MSMI uner trustees'i! an a!!ointing #esar #larete as
aministrator& w'o wrote t'e com!an( in"orming t'e latter o" its
esignation o" Al"reo Haling:ing as local union !resient an
removing t'e aut'orit( o" t'e incumbent union o,cers to !revent
t'em "rom re!resenting t'e em!lo(ees+ MSMI !roteste& stating
t'at its union o,cers receive letters "rom t'e aministrator
re*uiring t'em to e-!lain w'( t'e( s'oul not be remove "rom
o,ce an e-!elle "rom union members'i!s+
<owever& be"ore MSMI coul re!l(& t'e( were alrea( e-!elle
"rom t'e 1LIGP+ %n t'e termination letter& t'e( were e-!elle "or
committing acts o" islo(alt( anOor acts inimical to t'e interest
an violative o" t'e constitution an b($laws o" t'e "eeration
an "or "ailingOre"using to oBer an e-!lanation es!ite t'e time
grante+ ='e "eeration avise t'e com!an( o" t'e e-!ulsion o"
t'e 50 union o,cers an emane t'eir se!aration "rom
em!lo(ment !ursuant to t'e 1nion Securit( #lause in t'eir #0A+
='erea"ter& t'e .eeration fle a 2otice o" Stri:e wit' t'e 2#M0
to com!el t'e com!an( to eBect t'e immeiate termination o"
t'e e-!elle union o,cers+ 1ner suc' !ressure& t'e com!an(
terminate t'e 50 union o,cers "rom em!lo(ment+ ='e e-!elle
union o,cers assigne in t'e frst s'i"t were !'(sicall( broug't
out o" t'e com!an( !remises b( t'e securit( guars+ Li:ewise&
t'ose assigne to t'e secon s'i"t were not allowe to re!ort "or
wor:+ Some members o" t'e local union !roteste/ some le"t t'eir
wor: !osts an wal:e out o" t'e !remises+ ='e "eeration& on
t'e ot'er 'an& wit'rew its notice o" stri:e+
MSMI t'en fle a 2otice o" Stri:e wit' t'e 2#M0 on t'e grouns
o" iscrimination& inter"erence in union activities& mass ismissal
o" union o,cers an s'o! stewars& t'reats& coercion an
intimiation& an union busting+ %n a stri:e vote re"erenum& 10DF
out o" 2105 union members vote to eclare a stri:e+ ='e 50
15
ismisse union o,cers fle a !etition wit' t'e D7L8 !ra(ing "or
t'e sus!ension o" t'e eBects o" t'eir termination+
DO"E Sec. Fran<in Drion: Petition ismisse+ ='e is!ute at
M+ Ireenfel is !urel( an intra$union matter+ 2o mass la($oB is
evient as t'e terminations 'ave been limite to t'ose allegel(
leaing t'e secessionist grou! leaving MSMI$1LIGP to "orm a
union uner t'e HM1+
='erea"ter& ED union s'o! stewars were !lace uner !reventive
sus!ension b( t'e com!an(+ 1nion members again stage a
wal:$out an eclare a stri:e+ ='e stri:e was attene wit'
violence& "orce an intimiation on bot' sies resulting to
!'(sical in@uries to several em!lo(ees& bot' stri:ing an non$
stri:ing& an amage to com!an( !ro!erties+ 8m!lo(ees w'o
!artici!ate in t'e stri:e an allegel( fgure in t'e violent
incient were !lace uner !reventive sus!ension+ ='e com!an(
also sent return$to$wor: notices to t'e 'ome aresses o" t'e
stri:ing em!lo(ees/ 'owever it amitte t'at onl( 2F1 were
eventuall( acce!te bac: to wor:+ ='ose w'o i not res!on
were sent termination letters+
MSMI t'en fle a verife com!laint wit' t'e Arbitration 0ranc'&
2#R& D7L8 c'arging res!onents o" 1LP w'ic' consists o" union
busting& illegal ismissal& illegal sus!ension& inter"erence in union
activities& iscrimination& t'reats& intimiation& coercion& violence
an o!!ression+ ='e lease contracts on t'e com!an(;s o,ce an
"actor( e-!ire an were not renewe+ 1!on eman o" t'e
owners o" t'e !remises& t'e com!an( was com!elle to vacate
its o,ce an "actor(+ ='e com!an( "aile to fn a suitable !lace
in Metro Manila "or relocation o" its "actor( an manu"acturing
o!erations 'ence it was constraine to move sai e!artments to
=acloban+ ='e com!an( accoringl( notife its em!lo(ees o" a
tem!orar( s'utown in o!erations+
"a-or Ar-iter: Dismisse com!laint+ =ermination is vali in
com!liance wit' t'e union securit( clause o" t'e #0A+
N"RC: A,rme+
ISSUES#$E"D:
G72 Ireenfel was @ustife in ismissing !etitioner em!lo(ees
u!on t'e "eeration;s eman "or t'e en"orcement o" t'e union
securit( clause emboie in t'eir #0A+ NO.
RATIO:
Alt'oug' t'e S# 'as rule t'at 1nion Securit( #lauses emboie
in t'e #0A ma( be valil( en"orce an t'at ismissals !ursuant
t'ereto ma( li:ewise be vali& t'is oes not eroe t'e
"unamental re*uirement o" ue !rocess+ ='e reason be'in t'e
en"orcement o" union securit( clauses is t'e sanctit( an
inviolabilit( o" contracts t'at cannot overrie one;s rig't to ue
!rocess+
As state in #arino $. N%!#, w'ile t'e com!an(& uner
Rmaintenance o" members'i!S !rovision in t'e #0A& is boun to
ismiss an( em!lo(ee e-!elle b( t'e union "or islo(alt( u!on
its written re*uest& t'is unerta:ing s'oul not be one 'astil(
an summaril(+ ='e com!an( acts in ba "ait' in ismissing a
wor:er wit'out giving 'im t'e beneft o" a 'earing+
%n t'is case& t'e com!an( i not in*uire into t'e cause o" t'e
e-!ulsion an w'et'er t'e "eeration 'a su,cient grouns to
eBect t'e same+ ='e com!an(;s allegation t'at !etitioners were
accore ue !rocess is belie b( t'e termination letters w'ic'
state t'e ismissal s'all be immeiatel( eBective+ 8ven on t'e
assum!tion t'at t'e "eeration 'a vali grouns to e-!el t'e
union o,cers& ue !rocess re*uires t'at t'e( be accore a
se!arate 'earing b( t'e com!an(+
='e rig't o" an em!lo(ee to be in"orme o" t'e c'arges against
'im an to reasonable o!!ortunit( to !resent 'is sie in a
controvers( wit' eit'er t'e com!an( or 'is own union is not
wi!e awa( b( a union securit( clause or a union s'o! clause in
a collective bargaining agreement+ An em!lo(ee is entitle to be
14
!rotecte not onl( "rom a com!an( w'ic' isregars 'is rig'ts
but also "rom 'is own union t'e leaers'i! o" w'ic' coul (iel to
t'e tem!tation o" swi"t an arbitrar( e-!ulsion "rom members'i!
an mere ismissal "rom 'is @ob+
Petitioner union o,cers were @ustifabl( e-!elle "rom t'e
"eeration "or committing acts o" islo(alt( w'en it Wunertoo: to
isa,liate "rom t'e "eeration b( c'arging 1LIGP wit' "ailure to
!rovie an( legal& eucational or organi>ational su!!ort to t'e
local union an eclare autonom(& w'erein t'e( !ro'ibit t'e
"eeration "rom inter"ering in an( internal an e-ternal aBairs o"
t'e local union+W
TMA%2 =7P%#U
As state in t'e case o" >o41sche4 $s. ?%!& a local union 'as t'e
rig't to isa,liate "rom its mot'er union or eclare its autonom(+
A local union& being a se!arate an voluntar( association& is "ree
to serve t'e interests o" all its members incluing t'e "reeom to
isa,liate or eclare its autonom( "rom t'e "eeration to w'ic' it
belongs w'en circumstances warrant& in accorance wit' t'e
constitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association+
#iting t'e %ibert3 #otton Mi44s case& t'e !ur!ose o" a,liation b( a
local union wit' a mot'er union or a "eeration is to increase b(
collective action t'e bargaining !ower in res!ect o" t'e terms an
conitions o" labor+ Ket t'e locals remaine t'e basic units o"
association& "ree to serve t'eir own an t'e common interest o"
all& sub@ect to t'e restraints im!ose b( t'e #0L o" t'e
Association& an "ree also to renounce t'e a,liation "or mutual
wel"are u!on t'e terms lai own in t'e agreement w'ic'
broug't it into e-istence+ ='us& a local union& w'ic' 'as a,liate
itsel" wit' a "eeration& is "ree to sever suc' a,liation an(time
an suc' isa,liation cannot be consiere islo(alt(+ %n t'e
absence o" s!ecifc !rovisions in t'e "eerationPs constitution
!ro'ibiting isa,liation or t'e eclaration o" autonom( o" a local
union& a local ma( issociate wit' its !arent union+
='e evience on 'an oes not s'ow t'at t'ere is suc' a
!rovision in 1LIGP;s constitution+ ='eir reliance u!on Article 9&
Section F& o" t'e "eeration;s #0L is not rig't because t'e
section& in "act& bolsters t'e !etitioner union;s claim o" its rig't to
eclare autonom(?
Section F+ ='e autonom( o" a local union a,liate wit' 1LIGP s'all be res!ecte
inso"ar as it !ertains to its internal aBairs& e-ce!t as !rovie elsew'ere in t'is
#onstitution+
%n t'is case& t'ere is no islo(alt( to s!ea: o"+ 2eit'er is t'ere an(
violation o" t'e "eeration;s constitution because t'ere is not'ing
in sai constitution t'at s!ecifcall( !ro'ibits isa,liation or
eclaration o" autonom(+ <ence& t'ere cannot be an( vali
ismissal because Art+ %%& Sec+ 4 o" t'e union securit( clause in
t'e #0A limits t'e ismissal to onl( 5 grouns?
1+ .or "ailure to maintain members'i! in t'e union "or non$
!a(ment o" union ues&
2+ .or resignation an
5+ .or violation o" t'e union;s #onstitution an 0($laws+
=enera Miing Cor(oration
v Co'rt o0 A((eas2 =enera
Miing Cor(oration
In)e(en)ent "a-or Union
an) Rito Mang'-at
-ebruar3 11, 200@
Ponente: Quisumbing, J.
*itt3
1A
SUMMARY: IM# 3com!an(4 an IM#$%L1 3union4 entere
into a #0A w'ic' was to e-!ire on 2ovember 50& 1661+ 7n
2ovember 26& 1661& t'e IM#$%L1 submitte a !ro!ose
#0A wit' a re*uest t'at t'e counter$!ro!osal be submitte
in 10 a(s+ IM# i not sen a counter$!ro!osal& claiming
t'at it 'a receive letters "rom wor:ers w'o state t'e(
'a wit'rawn "rom t'e union+ %t allege t'at it "elt t'ere
was no basis to negotiate wit' a union w'ic' no longer
e-iste+ ='e union fle a com!laint wit' t'e 2LR# alleging
1LP+ LA ismisse t'e case+ 2LR# initiall( reverse t'e LA
ecision+ %t reconsiere u!on MR o" t'e 2LR#+ #A set asie
t'e 2LR# resolution an reinstate its initial ecision+ S#
"oun t'at IM# was guilt( o" 1LP t'roug' its re"usal to
bargain collectivel( an inter"erence wit' t'e rig't to sel"$
organi>ation+
DOCTRINE: ='e crucial *uestion o" w'et'er a !art( 'as
met 'is statutor( ut( to bargain in goo "ait' t(!icall(
turns on t'e "acts o" an iniviual case+ ='ere is no !er se
test o" goo "ait'+ <owever& w'ere t'e em!lo(er i not
even bot'er to submit an answer to t'e bargaining
!ro!osals o" t'e union& t'ere is a clear evasion o" t'e ut(
to bargain collectivel(+
FACTS:
Ieneral Milling #or!oration 3IM#4 em!lo(e 160 wor:ers
in its !lants locate in #ebu #it( an La!u$La!u #it(+ All o"
t'em were members o" Ieneral Milling #or!oration
%ne!enent Labor 1nion& a ul( certife bargaining
agent+
A!ril 2D& 16D6? IM# an t'e union conclue a #0A w'ic'
inclue t'e issue o" re!resentation eBective "or a term o"
t'ree (ears+ %ts term was mae retroactive to December 1&
16DD+ ='us& it woul e-!ire on 2ovember 50& 1661+
2ovember 26& 1661? 7ne a( be"ore e-!iration& t'e union
sent IM# a !ro!ose #0A wit' a re*uest t'at t'e counter$
!ro!osal be submitte in 10 a(s+
As earl( as 7ctober 1661& 'owever& IM# receive
collective an iniviual letters "rom wor:ers w'o state
t'at t'e( 'a wit'rawn "rom t'eir union members'i!& on
grouns o" religious a,liation an !ersonal iBerences+
o 0elieving t'at t'e union no longer 'a staning to
negotiate a #0A& IM# i not sen a counter$
!ro!osal+
December 1F& 1661? IM# wrote a letter to t'e union;s
o,cers& Rito Mangubat an 9ictor Lastimoso& stating t'at
it "elt t'ere was no basis to negotiate wit' a union w'ic'
no longer e-iste but t'at t'e management was still
willing to ialogue wit' t'em on matters o" common
concern an was still o!en to suggestions on 'ow t'e
com!an( ma( im!rove its o!erations+
December 16& 1661? ='e o,cers wrote a letter
isclaiming massive isa,liation or resignation "rom t'e
union an submitte a mani"esto signe b( its members+
Canuar( 15& 1662? IM# ismisse Marcia =umbiga& a union
member on t'e groun o" incom!etence+
='e union !roteste an re*ueste IM# to submit t'e
matter to t'e grievance !roceure !rovie in t'e #0A+
IM# tol t'e union to re"er to its December 1F letter+
Cul( 2& 1662? ='e union fle a com!laint wit' t'e 2LR#
alleging 1LP on t'e !art o" IM# "or?
o Re"usal to bargain collectivel(
o %nter"erence wit' t'e rig't to sel"$organi>ation
o Discrimination
LA ismisse t'e case wit' t'e recommenation t'at a
!etition "or certifcation election be 'el to etermine i"
t'e union still 'el t'e su!!ort o" t'e wor:ers+
2LR# set asie t'e LA;s ecision& citing Art+ 2A5$A o" R+A+
FE1A w'ic' f-e t'e terms o" a #0A+ %t orere IM# to
abie b( t'e ra"t t'at t'e union !ro!ose 3w'ic' was
submitte on 2ov+ 26& 16614 "or a !erio o" two (ears
1F
beginning December 1& 1661& t'e ate o" e-!iration o" t'e
ol #0A+
o %t also !ointe out t'at u!on t'e eBectivit( o" R+A+
FE1A& t'e uration o" a #0A& inso"ar as t'e
re!resentation as!ect& is A (ears& in w'ic' case o"
t'e 'erein union woul be "rom December 1& 16DD
to 2ovember 50& 1665+
o %t also 'el t'at t'e letters o" wit'rawal "rom t'e
union t'at were submitte to IM# onl( confrme
t'e latter;s e-ertion o" !ressure on its wor:ers to
resign "rom t'e union+
1!on IM#;s MR& t'e 2LR# set asie its ecision& fning
IM#;s oubt as to t'e union;s status as @ustife an t'e
allegation o" coercion e-erte b( IM# on t'e union;s
members to resign un"oune+
1nion fle a !etition "or certiorari wit' t'e #A+ #A initiall(
ismisse "or "ailure o" t'e union to attac' t'e re*uire
co!ies o" !leaings an ot'er ocuments an material
!ortions o" t'e recor+ 1nion fle t'e same !etition again&
attac'ing t'e necessar( ocuments+
#A grante t'e !etition an set asie t'e 2LR# resolution
an reinstate t'e 2LR#;s !revious ecision+ IM# fle an
MR but it was enie+
IM# fle !resent !etition "or certiorari+
ISSUES#$E"D:
1+ Di t'e #A act in grave abuse o" iscretion in fning IM#
guilt( o" un"air labor !ractice "or violating t'e ut( to
bargain collectivel( anOor inter"ering wit' t'e rig't o"
em!lo(ees to sel"$organi>ationQ 27
2+ Di t'e #A act in grave abuse o" iscretion in im!osing
u!on IM# t'e ra"t #0A !ro!ose b( t'e unionQ 27
RATIO:
7n un"air labor !ractice
o ='e law manates t'at t'e re!resentation o" a #0A
s'oul last "or A (ears+ ='us& it is inis!utable t'at
w'en t'e union re*ueste "or a renegotiation o"
t'e economic terms o" t'e #0A on 2ovember 26&
1661& it was still t'e certife collective bargaining
agent o" t'e union+ ='e !ro!osal was also
submitte wit'in t'e !rescribe 5$(ear !erio "rom
t'e ate o" eBectivit( o" t'e #0A+
o %t was obvious t'at IM# 'a no vali reason to
re"use to negotiate in goo "ait' wit' t'e union+ %n
re"using to sen a counter$!ro!osal to t'e union
an to bargain anew on t'e economic terms& it
committe 1LP uner Art+ 24D o" t'e Labor #oe+
Art+ 24D+ 1n"air labor !ractices o"
em!lo(ers+ %t s'all be unlaw"ul "or an
em!lo(er to commit an( o" t'e "ollowing
un"air labor !ractice? JJJ 3g4 =o violate t'e
ut( to bargain collectivel( as !rescribe b(
t'is #oe/ JJJ
o ='e Labor #oe also eluciate on t'e meaning o"
t'e !'rase Rut( to bargain collectivel(S in Art+
2A2 as Rt'e !er"ormance o" a mutual obligation to
meet an convene !rom!tl( an e-!eitiousl( in
goo "ait' "or t'e !ur!ose o" negotiating an
agreement+S
o ='e crucial *uestion o" w'et'er a !art( 'as met 'is
statutor( ut( to bargain in goo "ait' t(!icall(
turns on t'e "acts o" an iniviual case+ ='ere is no
!er se test o" goo "ait'+
o 1ner Art+ 2A2 as mentione above& t'ere is a
mutual obligation+ ='e union live u! to t'is
obligation w'en it !resente !ro!osals "or a new
#0A to IM# wit'in 5 (ears "rom eBectivit( o" t'e
original #0A+ <owever& IM# "aile in its ut( uner
t'e same article+ G'at it i was to evise a Lims(
e-cuse b( *uestioning t'e e-istence o" t'e union
an t'e status o" its members'i!+
o ='e !roceure in collective bargaining !rescribe
in Art+ 2A0 o" t'e #oe is manator( because o"
t'e basic interest o" t'e state in ensuring inustrial
!eace+ IM#;s "ailure to ma:e a timel( re!l( to t'e
1E
!ro!osals o" t'e union is inicative o" its utter lac:
o" interest in bargaining wit' t'e union+
o G'ere t'e em!lo(er i not even bot'er to submit
an answer to t'e bargaining !ro!osals o" t'e union&
t'ere is a clear evasion o" t'e ut( to bargain
collectivel(+
o ='e #A "oun t'at t'e letters between .ebruar( to
Cune 1665 b( 15 union members signi"(ing t'eir
resignation "rom t'e union clearl( inicate t'at
IM# e-erte !ressure on its em!lo(ees+ ='e
recors s'ow t'at IM# !resente t'ese letters to
!rove t'at t'e union no longer en@o(e t'e su!!ort
o" t'e wor:ers+ ='e "act t'at t'e resignations o" t'e
union members occurre uring t'e !enenc( o"
t'e case be"ore t'e labor arbiter s'owe IM#;s
es!erate attem!ts to cast oubt on t'e legitimate
status o" t'e union+
7n t'is !oint& t'e S# agree wit' t'e #A+
7n t'e ra"t #0A
o ='e #oe !rovies in Art+ 2A5 t'at R JJJ %t s'all be
t'e ut( o" bot' !arties to :ee! t'e status *uo an
to continue in "ull "orce an eBect t'e terms an
conition o" t'e e-isting agreement uring t'e F0$
a( !erio T!rior to its e-!iration ateU anOor until
a new agreement is reac'e b( t'e !arties+S
o ='e abovementione !rovision manates t'e
!arties to :ee! t'e status *uo w'ile t'e( are still in
t'e !rocess o" wor:ing out t'eir res!ective
!ro!osal an counter !ro!osal+ ='e general rule is
t'at w'en a #0A alrea( e-ists& its !rovision s'all
continue to govern t'e relations'i! between t'e
!arties& until a new one is agree u!on+
='e rule necessaril( !resu!!oses t'at all
ot'er t'ings are e*ual+ ='at is& t'at neit'er
!art( is guilt( o" ba "ait'+ <owever& w'en
one o" t'e !arties abuses t'is grace !erio
b( !ur!osel( ela(ing t'e bargaining
!rocess& a e!arture "rom t'e general rule
is warrante+
o 1ner orinar( circumstances& it is not obligator(
u!on eit'er sie o" a labor controvers( to
!reci!itatel( acce!t or agree to t'e !ro!osals o"
t'e ot'er+ 0ut an erring !art( s'oul not be
allowe to resort wit' im!unit( to sc'emes
"eigning negotiations b( going t'roug' em!t(
gestures+
='us& b( im!osing on IM# t'e !rovisions o"
t'e ra"t #0A !ro!ose b( t'e union& in t'e
S#;s view view& t'e interests o" e*uit( an
"air !la( were !ro!erl( serve an bot'
!arties regaine e*ual "ooting& w'ic' was
lost w'en IM# t'warte t'e negotiations
"or new economic terms o" t'e #0A+
o ='e fnings o" "act b( t'e #A& a,rming t'ose o"
t'e 2LR# as to t'e reasonableness o" t'e ra"t #0A
!ro!ose b( t'e union s'oul not be isturbe
since t'e( are su!!orte b( substantial evience+
DIS7OSITI;E:
G<8R8.7R8& t'e !etition is D%SM%SS8D an t'e assaile
ecision ate Cul( 16& 2000& an t'e resolution ate
7ctober 2F& 2000& o" t'e #ourt o" A!!eals in #A$I+R+ SP
2o+ A05D5& are A..%RM8D+ #osts against !etitioner+ S7
7RD8R8D+
A"A!AN= COUNTRY C"U! v. N"RC
-eb. 1@, 2008
>e4asco, Jr.
Denn
SUMMARY: Alabang #ountr( #lub 'a a #0A wit' t'e 1nion w'ic'
contains a !rovision "or a 1nion S'o! an a Maintenance o"
Members'i! S'o!+ 1ner t'e #0A& one o" t'e grouns "or Wtermination
u!on union emanW is Pmalversation o" union "unsP+ A"ter it was
1D
iscovere t'at t'ere were some unaccounte e-!enses an
isbursements& an uncollecte loans "rom t'e 1nion "uns& t'e 5
res!onents& w'o were "ormer o,cers& were e-!elle "rom t'e 1nion+
Subse*uentl(& t'e 1nion wrote a letter to t'e #lub& invo:ing t'e 1nion
Securit( #lause in t'e #0A+ A"ter a con"erence an investigation& t'e 5
res!onents were terminate+ <ence& t'e( fle an illegal ismissal
com!laint against t'e #lub+ LA rule t'at t'ere was no illegal ismissal+
2LR# an #A reverse an 'el t'at t'e 5 were illegall( ismisse an
were e!rive ue !rocess+ S# reverse an 'el t'at t'ere was a
9AL%D ismissal an t'at t'e 5 were accore ue !rocess+
DOCTRINE: ='ere is 12%72 S<7P w'en all new regular em!lo(ees are
re*uire to @oin t'e union wit'in a certain !erio as a conition "or t'eir
continue em!lo(ment+ ='ere is MA%2=82A2#8 7. M8M08RS<%P S<7P
w'en em!lo(ees w'o are union members as o" t'e eBective ate o"
t'e agreement& or w'o t'erea"ter become members& must maintain
union members'i! as a conition "or continue em!lo(ment until t'e(
are !romote or trans"erre out o" t'e bargaining unit or t'e
agreement is terminate+
=ermination o" em!lo(ment b( virtue o" a union securit( clause
emboie in a #0A is recogni>e an acce!te in our @urisiction+ %n
terminating t'e em!lo(ment o" an em!lo(ee b( en"orcing t'e union
securit( clause& t'e em!lo(er nees onl( to etermine an !rove t'at?
314 t'e union securit( clause is a!!licable/ 324 t'e union is re*uesting
"or t'e en"orcement o" t'e union securit( !rovision in t'e #0A/ an 354
t'ere is su,cient evience to su!!ort t'e union;s ecision to e-!el t'e
em!lo(ee "rom t'e union+ ='ese re*uisites constitute @ust cause "or
terminating an em!lo(ee base on t'e #0A;s union securit( !rovision+
Petitioner? Alabang #ountr( #lub& %nc+
Res!onents? 2LR#& Alabang #ountr( #lub %ne!enent 8m!lo(ees
1nion& #'risto!'er Pi>arro& Mic'ael 0ra>a& 2olasco #astueras
FACTS:
Alabang #ountr( #lub& %nc+ 3#lub4 is a omestic non$!roft cor!oration+
Alabang #ountr( #lub %ne!enent 8m!lo(ees 1nion 31nion4 is t'e
e-clusive bargaining agent o" t'e #lub;s ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees+
A!ril 166F? #'risto!'er& Mic'ael& an 2olasco were electe 1nion
Presient& 9ice$Presient& an =reasurer& res!ectivel(+

Cune 21& 1666? t'e #lub an t'e 1nion entere into a #0A w'ic'
!rovie "or a 1nion s'o! an maintenance o" members'i! s'o!+ ='e
!ertinent !arts o" t'e #0A inclue in Article %% on 1nion Securit( rea&
as "ollows?
S8#=%72 1+ #72D%=%72 7. 8MPL7KM82=+ All regular ran:$an$fle
em!lo(ees& w'o are members or subse*uentl( become members o" t'e
12%72 s'all maintain t'eir members'i! in goo staning as a conition
"or t'eir continue em!lo(ment b( t'e #L10 uring t'e li"etime o" t'is
Agreement or an( e-tension t'ereo"+
S8#=%72 2+ T#7MP1LS7RKU 12%72 M8M08RS<%P .7R 28G R8I1LAR
RA2H$A2D$.%L8 8MPL7K88S
a4 2ew regular ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees o" t'e #lub s'all @oin
t'e 12%72 wit'in fve 3A4 a(s "rom t'e ate o" t'eir a!!ointment as
regular em!lo(ees as a conition "or t'eir continue em!lo(ment uring
t'e li"etime o" t'is Agreement& ot'erwise& t'eir "ailure to o so s'all be a
groun "or ismissal "rom t'e #L10 u!on eman b( t'e 12%72+
b4 ='e #lub agrees to "urnis' t'e 12%72 t'e names o" all new
!robationar( an regular em!lo(ees covere b( t'is Agreement not later
t'an t'ree 354 a(s "rom t'e ate o" regular a!!ointment s'owing t'e
!ositions an ates o" 'iring+
- - - -
S8#=%72 4+ =8RM%2A=%72 1P72 12%72 D8MA2D+ 1!on written eman
o" t'e 12%72 an a"ter observing ue !rocess& t'e #lub s'all ismiss a
regular ran:$an$fle em!lo(ee on an( o" t'e "ollowing grouns?
3a4 .ailure to @oin t'e 12%72 wit'in fve 3A4 a(s "rom t'e time o"
regulari>ation/
3b4 Resignation "rom t'e 12%72& e-ce!t wit'in t'e !erio allowe b( law/
3c4 #onviction o" a crime involving moral tur!itue/
34 2on$!a(ment o" 12%72 ues& "ees& an assessments/
3e4 Coining anot'er 12%72 e-ce!t wit'in t'e !erio allowe b( law/
3"4 Maversation o0 'nion 0'n)s/
3g4 Activel( cam!aigning to iscourage members'i! in t'e 12%72/ an
3'4 %nLicting 'arm or in@ur( to an( member or o,cer o" t'e 12%72+

Cul( 2001? an election was 'el an a new set o" o,cers was electe+
Soon t'erea"ter& t'e new o,cers conucte an auit o" t'e 1nion "uns+
='e( iscovere some irregularl( recore entries& unaccounte
16
e-!enses an isbursements& an uncollecte loans "rom t'e 1nion
"uns+ ='e 1nion notife #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an 2olasco o" t'e auit
results an as:e t'em to e-!lain t'e iscre!ancies in writing+
7ct 2001? in a meeting calle b( t'e 1nion& #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an
2olasco e-!laine t'eir sie+ ='e( all enie an( wrongoing an
agree t'at t'eir un!ai loans be eucte "rom t'eir salaries until "ull(
!ai+
$ Mic'ael an #'risto!'er blame 2olasco 3since 'e was t'e 1nion
=reasurer4 an as:e t'at t'e investigation be aresse to 2olasco+
o 1nion e-!enses w'ic' were wit'out recei!ts? t'ese were legitimate
e-!enses "or w'ic' recei!ts were not issue& e+g+ trans!ortation "ares&
"oo !urc'ases "rom small eateries& an "oo an trans!ortation
allowances given to 1nion members wit' !ening com!laints+ ='oug'
t'ere were no recei!ts "or t'ese e-!enses& t'ese were su!!orte b(
vouc'ers an itemi>e as e-!enses+
o 1n!ai an unli*uiate cas' avances amounting to almost P'!
20&000? t'ese were not actual cas' avances but !a(ments to a
certain Ricaro Rica"rente w'o 'a loane P'! 200&000 to t'e 1nion+

Des!ite t'eir e-!lanations& res!onents were e-!elle "rom t'e 1nion&
an were "urnis'e iniviual letters o" e-!ulsion "or malversation o"
1nion "uns+ Attac'e to t'e letters were co!ies o" t'e Pana6agan ng
mga ,2is3a4es ng 7n3on signe b( 5E out o" F5 1nion members an
o,cers& an a 0oar o" Directors; Resolution e-!elling t'em "rom
t'e 1nion+

='roug' a letter& t'e 1nion& invo:ing t'e Securit( #lause o" t'e #0A&
emane t'at t'e #lub ismiss res!onents in view o" t'eir e-!ulsion
"rom t'e 1nion+ ='e #lub re*uire t'e res!onents to s'ow cause in
writing wit'in 4D 'ours "rom notice w'( t'e( s'oul not be
ismisse+ #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an 2olasco submitte t'eir res!ective
written e-!lanations+
Last wee: o" 7ct 2001? t'e #lub;s general manager calle res!onents
"or an in"ormal con"erence in*uiring about t'e c'arges against
t'em+ Res!onents gave t'eir e-!lanation an asserte t'at t'e 1nion
"uns allegel( malverse b( t'em were even over t'e total amount
collecte uring t'eir tenure as 1nion o,cers
5
+ ='e( claime t'e
c'arges are baseless+ ='e IM announce 'e woul conuct a "ormal
investigation+
5 P'P 120&000 "or 0ra>a& P'P AE&000 "or #astueras& an P'P 10&D40 "or Pi>arro& as against t'e
total collection "rom A!ril 166F to December 2001 o" onl( P'P 102&000
='e #lub conclue t'at sai res!onents "aile to re"ute t'e valiit( o"
t'eir e-!ulsion "rom t'e 1nion+ ='us& it was constraine to terminate
t'e em!lo(ment o" res!onents+ A a( a"ter -mas& res!onents receive
t'eir notices o" termination+ #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an 2olasco fle an
illegal ismissal com!laint fle wit' t'e 2LR#+
"A DECISION: rule in "avor o" t'e #lub& an "oun t'at t'ere was
@ustifable cause in terminating res!onents+ #om!laint was ismisse
"or lac: o" merit+
N"RC DECISION: reverse LA an 'el t'at t'e res!onents were
illegall( ismisse an orere t'e #lub to reinstate #'risto!'er& Mic'ael
an 2olasco+
$ ='ere was no @ustifable cause "or t'e termination o"
res!onents+ ='e commissioners relie 'eavil( on Section 2&
Rule J9%%% o" t'e Rules %m!lementing 0oo: 9 o" t'e Labor #oe
4
+
$ Res!onents; e-!ulsion "rom t'e 1nion was illegal since t'e
D7L8 'a not (et mae an( efnitive ruling on t'eir liabilit(
regaring t'e aministration o" t'e 1nion;s "uns+

CA DECISION: u!'el t'e 2LR# Ruling+ ='e 5 res!onents were
e!rive o" ue !rocess+ %t "oun t'at res!onents were not given t'e
o!!ortunit( to be 'ear in a se!arate 'earing as re*uire b( Sec+ 23b4&
Rule JJ%%%& 0oo: 9 o" t'e 7mnibus Rules %m!lementing t'e L#+ ='e
ismissal o" t'e res!onents was contrar( to t'e octrine lai own in
Ma4a3ang &amahan& w'ere t'e S# rule t'at even on t'e assum!tion
t'at t'e union 'a vali grouns to e-!el t'e local union o,cers& ue
!rocess re*uires t'at t'e union o,cers be accore a se!arate 'earing
b( t'e em!lo(er com!an(+
ISSUES:
1+ G72 t'e 5 res!onents were illegall( ismisse $ 27X
2+ G72 t'e res!onents were aBore ue !rocess in accorance wit'
t'e stanars !rovie "or b( t'e Labor #oe an its %m!lementing
Rules
4 S8#+ 2+ Actions arising "rom Article 241 o" t'e #oe+ An( action arising "rom t'e
aministration or accounting o" union "uns s'all be fle an is!ose o" as an intra$union
is!ute in accorance wit' Rule J%9 o" t'is 0oo:+
%n case o" violation& t'e Regional or 0ureau Director s'all orer t'e res!onsible o,cer to
rener an accounting o" "uns be"ore t'e general members'i! an ma(& w'ere circumstances
warrant& mete t'e a!!ro!riate !enalt( to t'e erring o,cerOs& incluing sus!ension or
e-!ulsion "rom t'e union+
20

AR=UMENTS:
='e #lub? t'e ismissal o" t'e 5 res!onents was in accorance wit' t'e
1nion securit( !rovisions in t'eir #0A+ ='e res!onents were aBore
ue !rocess& since t'e #lub conucte an investigation se!arate an
ine!enent "rom t'at conucte b( t'e 1nion+

Res!onents? t'e #lub "aile to conuct a se!arate 'earing as
!rescribe b( Sec+ 23b4& Rule JJ%%%& 0oo: 9 o" t'e im!lementing rules o"
t'e L#+
RATIO:
1+ ='e 5 res!onents were 27= illegall( ismisse+
$ 1ner t'e Labor #oe& an em!lo(ee ma( be valil( terminate
on t'e "ollowing grouns? 314 @ust causes uner Art+ 2D2/ 324
aut'ori>e causes uner Art+ 2D5/ 354 termination ue to isease
uner Art+ 2D4/ an 344 termination b( t'e em!lo(ee or
resignation uner Art+ 2DA+
$ Anot'er cause "or termination is )ismissa 0rom em(oyment
)'e to t&e en0orcement o0 t&e 'nion sec'rity ca'se in
t&e C!A+
$ #AS8 A= 0AR? Art+ %% o" t'e #0A on 1nion securit( contains t'e
!rovisions on t'e 1nion s'o! an maintenance o" members'i!
s'o!+
o ='ere is 12%72 S<7P w'en all new regular em!lo(ees are
re*uire to @oin t'e union wit'in a certain !erio as a conition
"or t'eir continue em!lo(ment+
o ='ere is MA%2=82A2#8 7. M8M08RS<%P S<7P w'en em!lo(ees
w'o are union members as o" t'e eBective ate o" t'e
agreement& or w'o t'erea"ter become members& must maintain
union members'i! as a conition "or continue em!lo(ment
until t'e( are !romote or trans"erre out o" t'e bargaining unit
or t'e agreement is terminate+
$ /ermination o5 em24o3ment b3 $irtue o5 a union securit3 c4ause
embodied in a #?A is recognied and acce2ted in our
Aurisdiction. ='is !ractice strengt'ens t'e union an !revents
isunit( in t'e bargaining unit wit'in t'e uration o" t'e #0A+ 0(
!reventing member isa,liation wit' t'e t'reat o" e-!ulsion
"rom t'e union an t'e conse*uent termination o" em!lo(ment&
t'e aut'ori>e bargaining re!resentative gains more numbers
an strengt'ens its !osition as against ot'er unions w'ic' ma(
want to claim ma@orit( re!resentation+
$ 8n terminating the em24o3ment o5 an em24o3ee b3 en5orcing the
union securit3 c4ause, the em24o3er needs on43 to determine
and 2ro$e that: ;1< the union securit3 c4ause is a224icab4eB ;2<
the union is reCuesting 5or the en5orcement o5 the union securit3
2ro$ision in the #?AB and ;'< there is su=cient e$idence to
su22ort the unionDs decision to eE2e4 the em24o3ee 5rom the
union. /hese reCuisites constitute Aust cause 5or terminating an
em24o3ee based on the #?ADs union securit3 2ro$ision.
$ #AS8 A= 0AR? ='e language o" Art+ %% o" t'e #0A t'at t'e 1nion
members must maintain t'eir members'i! in goo staning as a
conition sine Cua non "or t'eir continue em!lo(ment wit' t'e
#lub is une*uivocal+ %t is also clear t'at u!on eman b(
t'e 1nion an a"ter ue !rocess& t'e #lub s'all terminate t'e
em!lo(ment o" a regular ran:$an$fle em!lo(ee w'o ma( be
"oun liable "or a number o" oBenses& one o" w'ic' is
malversation o" 1nion "uns+
CONC"USION: ='ere is su,cient cause "or t'e t'ree res!onents;
termination "rom em!lo(ment++
On the %"e 0rocess 1e2"ire/ent
Res!onents? t'e #lub violate t'eir rig'ts to ue !rocess as enunciate
in Ma4a3ang &amahan& w'en it "aile to conuct an ine!enent an
se!arate 'earing be"ore t'e( were ismisse "rom service+
$ Ma4a3ang &amahan? Alt'oug' Tt'e S#U 'as rule t'at union
securit( clauses emboie in t'e #0A ma( be valil( en"orce
an t'at ismissals !ursuant t'ereto ma( li:ewise be vali& t'is
oes not eroe t'e "unamental re*uirements o" ue !rocess+
='e reason be'in t'e en"orcement o" union securit( clauses
w'ic' is t'e sanctit( an inviolabilit( o" contracts cannot
overrie one;s rig't to ue !rocess+
$ WG'ile t'e com!an(& uner a maintenance o" members'i!
!rovision o" t'e #0A& is boun to ismiss an( em!lo(ee e-!elle
b( t'e union "or islo(alt( u!on its written re*uest& t'is
unerta:ing s'oul not be one 'astil( an summaril(+ ='e
com!an( acts in ba "ait' in ismissing a wor:er wit'out giving
'im t'e beneft o" a 'earing+W
$ WT=U'e !ower to ismiss is a normal !rerogative o" t'e em!lo(er/
'owever& t'is !ower 'as a limitation+ ='e em!lo(er is boun to
e-ercise caution in terminating t'e services o" t'e em!lo(ees
21
es!eciall( so w'en it is mae u!on t'e re*uest o" a labor union
!ursuant to t'e #0A+ Dismissals must not be arbitrar( an
ca!ricious+ Due !rocess must be observe in ismissing
em!lo(ees because t'e ismissal aBects not onl( t'eir !ositions
but also t'eir means o" liveli'oo+ 8m!lo(ers s'oul res!ect an
!rotect t'e rig'ts o" t'eir em!lo(ees& w'ic' inclue t'e rig't to
labor+W
SC: T&e Mala3an4 Sa/ahan r'ing &as no a((ication to t&is
case.
$ %n Ma4a3ang &amahan& t'e union members were e-!elle "rom
t'e union an were immeiatel( ismisse "rom t'e com!an(
wit'out an( semblance o" ue !rocess+ 0ot' t'e union an t'e
com!an( i not conuct aministrative 'earings to give t'e
em!lo(ees a c'ance to e-!lain t'emselves+
$ #AS8 A= 0AR? t'e #lub 'as substantiall( com!lie wit' ue
!rocess+ TAs s'own b( t'e letter in"orming res!onent o" t'eir
terminationU ='e t'ree res!onents were notife t'at t'eir
ismissal was being re*ueste b( t'e 1nion& an t'eir
e-!lanations were 'ear+ ='en& t'e #lub& t'roug' its Presient&
con"erre wit' sai res!onents+ ='e 5 were ismisse onl( a"ter
t'e #lub reviewe an consiere t'e ocuments submitte b(
t'e 1nion vis$Y$vis t'e written e-!lanations submitte b( sai
res!onents+
$ CONC"USION: 1ner t'ese circumstances& we fn t'at t'e
#lub 'a aBore t'e t'ree res!onents a reasonable
o!!ortunit( to be 'ear an e"en t'emselves+
On the a--licabilit3 of A4abon
Agabon? w'en t'ere is @ust cause "or t'e ismissal o" an em!lo(ee& t'e
lac: o" statutor( ue !rocess s'oul not nulli"( t'e ismissal& or rener it
illegal or ineBectual& an t'e em!lo(er s'oul inemni"( t'e em!lo(ee
"or t'e violation o" 'is statutor( rig'ts+
S#? Agabon is not a!!licable to t'is case since t'e t'ree res!onents
were valil( ismisse an were actuall( aBore ue !rocess+
On the liabilit3 of the Cl"b
S#? ='e issue t'at since t'ere was no ba "ait' on t'e !art o" t'e #lub&
t'e 1nion is solel( liable "or t'e termination "rom em!lo(ment o" t'e 5
res!onents& 'as been moote b( t'e fning t'at t'eir ismissal is
vali+
RU"IN=: #A an 2LR# Decision reverse an set asie+ LA
Decision reinstate+ 2o illegal ismissal+
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
NATIONA" UNION OF %OR@ERS
IN $OTE"S CASE
22
$oy C&i) Cat&oic Sc&oo v.
Sto. Tomas an) $CCS6TE"U6
7I="AS
Ju43 2', 201'
Ponente: Pera4ta, J.
Naomi Q.
SUMMARY: <##S o!!ose t'e union;s !etition "or
certifcation election alleging t'at t'ere was commingling o"
ran:$an$fle an su!ervisor( em!lo(ees+ S# 'el t'at t'is
oes not aBect t'e legitimac( o" a labor organi>ation+
DOCTRINE:
='e allege inclusion o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees in a labor
organi>ation see:ing to re!resent t'e bargaining unit o" ran:$
an$fle em!lo(ees oes not ivest it o" its status as a
legitimate labor organi>ation+
FACTS:
7n Ma( 51& 2002& a !etition "or certifcation election was fle b(
!rivate res!onent Pinag$%sang =inig at La:as ng Ana:!awis
<ol( #'il #at'olic Sc'ool =eac'ers an 8m!lo(ees Labor 1nion
3<##S$=8L1$P%ILAS4+
Petitioner <##S o!!ose& claiming t'at !rivate res!onent is an
illegitimate
labor organi>ation lac:ing in !ersonalit( to fle a !etition "or
certifcation election& an an ina!!ro!riate bargaining unit "or
want o" communit( or mutualit( o" interest+
7ut o" t'e em!lo(ees w'o signe to su!!ort t'e !etition&
14 alrea( resigne an F signe twice+
Members o" !rivate res!onent are not onl( a mi-ture o"
managerial& su!ervisor(& an ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees 5
are vice$!rinci!als& 1 is a e!artment 'eaOsu!ervisor&
an 11 are coorinators but also a combination o"
teac'ing an non$teac'ing !ersonnel+
Me)6Ar-iter Da.'igan enie t'e !etition "or certifcation
election on t'e groun t'at t'e unit w'ic' !rivate res!onent
soug't to re!resent is ina!!ro!riate+
='e em!lo(ees o" !etitioner& ma( *uite easil( be
categori>e into 324 general classes? one& t'e teac'ing
staB/ an two& t'e non$teac'ing$staB+ %t woul seem
obvious t'at t'e teac'ing staB woul fn ver( little in
common wit' t'e non$teac'ing staB as regars
res!onsibilities an "unction& wor:ing conitions&
com!ensation rates& social li"e an interests& s:ills an
intellectual !ursuits& etc+ ='ese ictate t'e se!aration o"
t'ese two categories o" em!lo(ees "or !ur!oses o"
collective bargaining+
Private res!onent a!!eale be"ore t'e S7L8+
SO"E reverse an irecte t'e conuct o" two se!arate
certifcation elections "or t'e teac'ing an t'e non$teac'ing
!ersonnel+
Alt'oug' t'ere are iBerences in t'e nature o" wor:& 'ours
an conitions o" wor: an salar( etermination between
t'e teac'ing an non$teac'ing !ersonnel o" !etitioner&
suc' iBerences are not substantial enoug' to warrant t'e
ismissal o" t'e !etition+
Petitioner fle a MR+ Denie+
Petitioner fle be"ore t'e #A a Petition "or #ertiorari wit' Pra(er
"or =R7 an Preliminar( %n@unction+
CA eventuall( ismisse t'e !etition+
='ere is no im!ro!er commingling o" members in t'e
!rivate res!onent union as to !reclue its !etition "or
certifcation o" 3sic4 election+
='e vice$!rinci!als& e!artment 'ea& an coorinators
are neit'er su!ervisor( nor managerial em!lo(ees+ ='eir
25
"unctions are not confne wit' !olic($etermining suc' as
'iring& fring& an isci!lining o" em!lo(ees& salaries&
teac'ingOwor:ing 'ours& ot'er monetar( an non$
monetar( benefts& an ot'er terms an conitions o"
em!lo(ment+ G'ile t'e( ma( "ormulate !olicies or
guielines& nonet'eless& suc' is merel( recommenator(
in nature& an still sub@ect to review an evaluation b( t'e
'ig'er e-ecutives& i+e+& t'e !rinci!als or e-ecutive o,cers
o" t'e !etitioner+
#A enie MR+ <ence& t'is !etition+
ISSUE#$E"D: %ON a (etition 0or certi1cation eection is
)ismissi-e on t&e gro'n) t&at t&e a-or organi5ationAs
mem-ers&i( aege)y consists o0 s'(ervisory an) ran<6
an)61e em(oyees / NO
T&e aege) inc'sion o0 s'(ervisory em(oyees in a a-or
organi5ation see<ing to re(resent t&e -argaining 'nit o0
ran<6an)61e em(oyees )oes not )ivest it o0 its stat's as
a egitimate a-or organi5ation.
!rie0 $istory:
:BCD: RA DEA& Section 5 frst !ro'ibite mingling o"
ran:$an$fle an su!ervisor( em!lo(ees/ RA DEA 'owever
"aile to mention 'ow t'e *uestione mingling can aBect
t'e legitimac( o" t'e labor organi>ation+
%n "o(e5 v+ #'ronicle Publication 8m!lo(ees Association&
#ourt 'el t'at t'e invaliit( o" members'i! o" one o" t'e
organi>ers oes not ma:e t'e union illegal& w'ere t'e
re*uirements o" t'e law "or t'e organi>ation t'ereo" are&
nevert'eless& satisfe an met+
:BEF: Labor #oe was enacte+ Di not re!rouce Sec+ 5&
RA DEA+
:BGB: RA FE1A restore t'e !ro'ibition against t'e
*uestione mingling in one labor organi>ation& but
omitte s!eci"(ing t'e e-act eBect an( violation o" t'e
!ro'ibition woul bring about on t'e legitimac( o" a labor
organi>ation+ RA FE1A;s %RR su!!lie t'e efcienc(+ An(
*uestione mingling will !revent an ot'erwise legitimate
an ul( registere labor organi>ation "rom e-ercising its
rig't to fle a !etition "or certifcation election+
Toyota case w'en t'e issue o" t'e eBect o" mingling
was broug't to t'e "ore& t'e #ourt& citing Article 24A o" t'e
Labor #oe& as amene b( RA FE1A& 'el? Ra labor
organi>ation com!ose o" bot' ran:$an$fle an
su!ervisor( em!lo(ees is no labor organi>ation at all+ %t
cannot& "or an( guise or !ur!ose& be a legitimate labor
organi>ation+S
D'no( case 'ere& t'e labor organi>ation t'at fle a
!etition "or certifcation election was one "or su!ervisor(
em!lo(ees& but t'e members'i! inclue ran:$an$fle
em!lo(ees+ ='e #ourt reiterate t'at suc' labor
organi>ation 'a no legal rig't to fle a certifcation
election to re!resent a bargaining unit com!ose o"
su!ervisors "or as long as it counte ran:$an$fle
em!lo(ees among its members+
:BBE: t'e 16D6 Amene 7mnibus Rules was "urt'er
amene b( De!artment 7rer 2o+ 6& series o" 166E+
Remove t'e re*uirement t'at t'e !etition "or
certifcation election s'all inicate t'at t'e bargaining unit
o" ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees 'as not been mingle wit'
su!ervisor( em!lo(ees+ 2ow onl( re*uires a !lain
escri!tion o" t'e bargaining unit+
Tagaytay $ig&an)s case: ='is time& given t'e altere
legal milieu& t'e #ourt abanone t'e view in =o(ota an
Dunlo! an reverte to its !ronouncement in Lo!e>+ #ourt
'el t'at an( mingling between su!ervisor( an ran:$an$
24
fle em!lo(ees in its members'i! cannot aBect its
legitimac( "or t'at is not among t'e grouns "or
cancellation o" its registration& unless suc' mingling was
broug't about b( misre!resentation& "alse statement or
"rau uner Article 256 o" t'e Labor #oe+
=o(ota an Dunlo! no longer 'ol swa( in t'e !resent altere
state o" t'e law an t'e rules+
D+7+ 2o+ 6 is a!!licable in t'e !etition "or certifcation election o"
!rivate res!onent as it was fle on Ma( 51& 2002+
7etitioner cannot coateray attac< t&e egitimacy o0
(rivate res(on)ent -y (raying 0or t&e )ismissa o0 t&e
(etition 0or certi1cation eection.
8-ce!t w'en it is re*ueste to bargain collectivel(& an em!lo(er
is a mere b(staner to an( !etition "or certifcation election/ suc'
!roceeing is non$aversarial an merel( investigative& "or t'e
!ur!ose t'ereo" is to etermine w'ic' organi>ation will re!resent
t'e em!lo(ees in t'eir collective bargaining wit' t'e em!lo(er+
='e c'oice o" t'eir re!resentative is t'e e-clusive concern o" t'e
em!lo(ees/ t'e em!lo(er cannot 'ave an( !artisan interest
t'erein/ it cannot inter"ere wit'& muc' less o!!ose& t'e !rocess
b( fling a motion to ismiss or an a!!eal "rom it/ not even a
mere allegation t'at some em!lo(ees !artici!ating in a !etition
"or certifcation election are actuall( managerial em!lo(ees will
len an em!lo(er legal !ersonalit( to bloc: t'e certifcation
election+ ='e em!lo(erPs onl( rig't in t'e !roceeing is to be
notife or in"orme t'ereo"+
='e amenments to t'e Labor #oe an its im!lementing rules
'ave buttresse t'at !olic( even more+
T&e )etermination o0 w&et&er 'nion mem-ers&i(
com(rises manageria an)#or s'(ervisory em(oyees is a
0act'a iss'e t&at is -est e0t 0or reso'tion in t&e
inc'sion6e4c'sion (rocee)ings& w'ic' 'as not (et 'a!!ene
in t'is case so still !remature to !ass u!on+
%n case o" allege inclusion o" is*ualife em!lo(ees in a union&
t'e !ro!er !roceure "or an em!lo(er li:e !etitioner is to irectl(
fle a !etition "or cancellation o" t'e union;s certifcate o"
registration ue to misre!resentation& "alse statement or "rau
uner t'e circumstances enumerate in Article 256 o" t'e Labor
#oe& as amene+
Private res!onent& 'aving been valil( issue a certifcate o"
registration& s'oul be consiere as 'aving ac*uire @uriical
!ersonalit(& w'ic' ma( not be attac:e collaterall(+
7etitioner a((ears to &ave con0'se) t&e conce(ts o0
mem-ers&i( in a -argaining 'nit an) mem-ers&i( in a
'nion. Petitioner believe t'at t'e !etitioning union coul not
amit acaemic em!lo(ees o" t'e universit( to its members'i!&
base on t'e 1+P+ vs+ #alle@a case+ 0ut suc' was not t'e intention
o" t'e Su!reme #ourt+
A bargaining unit is a grou! o" em!lo(ees soug't to be
re!resente b( a !etitioning union+ Suc' em!lo(ees nee not be
members o" a union see:ing t'e conuct o" a certifcation
election+ A union certife as an e-clusive bargaining agent
re!resents not onl( its members but also ot'er em!lo(ees w'o
are not union members+
='e Su!reme #ourt orere t'e Wnon$acaemic ran:$an$fle
em!lo(ees o" 1+P+ to constitute a bargaining unit to t'e e-clusion
o" t'e acaemic em!lo(ees o" t'e institutionW& but i not orer
t'em to organi>e a se!arate labor organi>ation+
%n t'e same manner& t'e teac'ing an non$teac'ing !ersonnel o"
!etitioner sc'ool must "orm se!arate bargaining units+ ='us& t'e
orer "or t'e conuct o" two se!arate certifcation elections& one
involving teac'ing !ersonnel an t'e ot'er involving non$
teac'ing !ersonnel+
2A
Private res!onent union soug't t'e conuct o" a certifcation
election among all t'e ran:$an$fle !ersonnel o" !etitioner
sc'ool+ Since t'e ecision o" t'e Su!reme #ourt in t'e 1+P+ case
!ro'ibits us "rom commingling teac'ing an non$teac'ing
!ersonnel in one bargaining unit& t'e( 'ave to be se!arate into
two se!arate bargaining units wit' two se!arate certifcation
elections to etermine w'et'er t'e em!lo(ees in t'e res!ective
bargaining units esire to be re!resente b( !rivate res!onent+
%n t'e 1+P+ case& onl( one certifcation election among t'e non$
acaemic !ersonnel was orere& because 72AP1P soug't to
re!resent t'at bargaining unit onl(+ 2o !etition "or certifcation
election among t'e acaemic !ersonnel was institute b( All 1+P+
Gor:ers 1nion in t'e sai case/ t'us& no certifcation election
!ertaining to its intene bargaining unit was orere b( t'e
#ourt+
%nee& t'e !ur!ose o" a certifcation election is !recisel( to
ascertain t'e ma@orit( o" t'e em!lo(ees; c'oice o" an a!!ro!riate
bargaining unit to be or not to be re!resente b( a labor
organi>ation an& i" in t'e a,rmative case& b( w'ic' one+
!eyca Cor(oration v. CaeHa6
Ferrer
29 No$ember 1988
Justice Paras
S'mmary: A"U see<s )irect certi1cation as t&e soe an)
e4c'sive -argaining agent o0 a ran<6an)61e em(oyees
o0 t&e ivestoc< an) agro )ivision o0 !E"YCA Cor(oration2
engage) in (iggery2 (o'try raising an) t&e (anting o0
agric't'ra cro(s. !'t !E"YCA conten)s t&at t&e
-argaining 'nit m'st inc')e a t&e wor<ers in its
integrate) -'siness concerns ranging 0rom (iggery2
(o'try2 to s'(ermarts an) cinemas so as not to s(it an
ot&erwise singe -argaining 'nit into 0ragmente)
-argaining 'nits.
Doctrine:
I'ris(r')ence (rovi)es t&e constit'ency an) t&e test o0 a
(ro(er# a((ro(riate coective -argaining 'nit. Among t&e
0actors consi)ere) in Democratic "a-or v. Ce-'
Steve)oring are : :? wi o0 em(oyees9 *? a3nity an)
'nity o0 em(oyees interest2 s'c& as s'-stantia simiarity
o0 wor< an) )'ties or simiarity o0 com(ensation an)
wor<ing con)itions9 D? (rior coective -argaining &istory9
F? em(oyment stat's2 s'c& as tem(orary2 seasona an)
(ro-ationary em(oyees
T&e test o0 (ro(er gro'(ing o0 em(oyees is t&e
COMMUNITY AND MUTUA"ITY OF INTEREST# SU!STANTIA"6
MUTUA"6INTEREST TEST >see 0actor *?.
In any event2 w&et&er im(ortance is 0oc'se) on t&e
em(oyment stat's or t&e m't'aity o0 interest o0 t&e
em(oyees concerne) Jt&e -asic test o0 an asserte)
-argaining 'nitKs acce(ta-iity is w&et&er or not it is
0'n)amentay t&e com-ination w&ic& wi -est ass're to
a em(oyees t&e e4ercise o0 t&eir coective -argaining
rig&ts.L
7ETITIONER: !E"YCA Cor(oration
RES7ONDENT: Associate) "a-or Union >A"U? / TUC79
FACTS:
1+ Res!onent Associate Labor 1nion 3AL14 fle a !etition
"or irect certifcation as t'e sole an e-clusive bargaining
agent o" ALL t'e ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees o" 08LK#A
#or!oration 3Livestoc: an Agro$ Division4& or in case o"
oubt o" t'e union;s ma@orit( re!resentation& "or t'e
2F
issuance o" an orer aut'ori>ing t'e 'oling o" a
certifcate election+
2+ 3AL1;S ARI1M82=S4 AL1 claims t'at a4 t'ere is no #0A
between 08LK#A an an( ot'er e-isting legitimate labor
union/ b4 no certifcation election was 'el wit'in t'e 12
mont's !rior to t'e fling o" t'e !etition/ c4 more t'an a
ma@orit( o" 08LK#A;s ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees in t'e
!ro!ose bargaining unit or 1D5 as o" t'e ate o" t'e
fling& 'ave signe members'i! wit' AL1+
5+ 308LK#A;S ARI1M82=S4 08LK#A& on t'e ot'er 'an&
claims t'e B? a4 ue to t'e nature o" its business& ver( "ew
o" its em!lo(ees are !ermanent& t'e overw'elming
ma@orit( are seasonal an causal an regular em!lo(ees/
b4 t'at o" t'e toal 15D ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees w'o
aut'ori>e an su!!orte t'e fling o" t'e !etition& 14$no
longer wor:ing/ 4$resigne/ F$wit'rew t'eir members'i!/
A$valil( retrenc'e/ 100$abanone t'eir wor:/ c4 t'e
statutor( re*uirement "or 'oling a certifcation election
'as not been com!lie wit' b( t'e union
MOST RE"E;ANT AR=UMENT#S OF !E"YCA against A"U:
T&e -argaining 'nit m'st inc')e a t&e wor<ers in its
integrate) -'siness concerns ranging 0rom (iggery2
(o'try2 to s'(ermarts an) cinemas so as not s(it a
singe -argaining 'nit into 0ragmente) -argaining 'nit.
RU"IN= OF T$E R#TC AND CA:
Labor Arbiter? Irante t'e certifcation election+
0ureau o" labor Relations? Irante t'e certifcation election+
Denie 08LK#A;s MR+
ISSUE#S:
1+ TR8L89A2=U Gas t'e !ro!ose bargaining unit 3AL1$=1#P4
an a!!ro!riate bargaining unitQK8S+
2+ Gas t'e statutor( re*uirement o" 50) 3now 20)4 o" t'e
em!lo(ees in t'e !ro!ose bargaining unit& as:ing "or a
certifcation election& com!lie wit'Q K8S+
$E"D:
1+ K8S+
2+K8S+
RATIO:
!ss"e #
%+ ='e Labor #oe oes not s!ecifcall( efne w'at
constitutes an a!!ro!riate bargaining unit+ ='e #ourt
cite Rot'enberg Ra !ro!er bargaining unit ma(be sai
to be a grou! o" em!lo(ees o" a given em!lo(er&
com!rise o" all or less t'an all o" t'e entire bo( o"
em!lo(ees& w'ic' t'e collective interests o" all t'e
em!lo(ees& consistent wit' e*uit( to t'e em!lo(er&
inicate to be best suite to serve reci!rocal rig'ts
an uties o" t'e !arties uner t'e collective
bargaining !rovisions o" t'e law 3Rot'enberg in Labor
Relations& !+ 4D24+S
%%+ Curis!ruence !rovies t'e constituenc( an t'e test
o" a !ro!er collective bargaining unit+
A+ .actors consiere in Democratic Labor v+ #ebu
Steveoring? W314 will o" em!lo(ees 3Ilove Doctrine4/
324 a,nit( an unit( o" em!lo(eePs interest& suc' as
substantial similarit( o" wor: an uties or similarit( o"
com!ensation an wor:ing conitions/ 354 !rior
collective bargaining 'istor(/ an 344 em!lo(ment
status& suc' as tem!orar(& seasonal an !robationar(
em!lo(eesW
0+ %n Democratic Labor v+ #ebu Steveoring& t'e #ourt
em!'asi>e t'e im!ortance o" t'e 0o'rt& 0actor:
em(oyment stat's2 suc' as tem!orar(& seasonal
an !robationar(
2E
#+ ='e test o" !ro!er grou!ing o" em!lo(ees w'en it
comes to bargaining unit is t'e #7MM12%=K A2D
M1=1AL%=K 7. %2=8R8S=+
%n Al'ambra v+ Al'ambra 8m!lo(ees& t'e
#ourt a!!lie t'e substantial$mutual$
interest testO communit( an mutualit( o"
interest test w'en it orere t'e "ormation
o" a se!arate a!!ro!riate collective
bargaining unit because o" t'e lac: o"
mutualit( o" interest among iBerent
grou!s? Rt'e em!lo(ees in t'e
aministrative& sales an is!ensar(
e!artments !er"orm wor: w'ic' 'as
not'ing to o wit' !rouction an
maintenance& unli:e t'ose in t'e raw lea"&
cigar& cigarette& !ac:ing an engineering
an garage e!artmentsMS
%n PLASL1 v+ #%R& w'ic' reiterate t'e
rulings in Democratic Labor an Al'ambra&
it was 'el t'at t'e "actors to be consiere
are? 14 em!lo(ment status an 24 unit( o"
em!lo(ees; interest suc' as substantial
similarit( o" wor: an uties+
='ere is a substantial iBerence between
t'e wor: !er"orme b( musicians an t'at
o" ot'er !ersons w'o !artici!ate in t'e
!rouction o" a flm w'ic' su,ce to s'ow
t'at t'e( constitute a !ro!er bargaining
unit+ 3L92 Pictures& %nc+ v+ P'ili!!ine
Musicians Iuil& 1 S#RA 152 T16F1U4+
D+ %n an( event& w'et'er im!ortance is "ocuse on t'e
em!lo(ment status or t'e mutualit( o" interest o" t'e
em!lo(ees concerne Wt&e -asic test o0 an
asserte) -argaining 'nitKs acce(ta-iity is
w&et&er or not it is 0'n)amentay t&e
com-ination w&ic& wi -est ass're to a
em(oyees t&e e4ercise o0 t&eir coective
-argaining rig&ts 3Democratic Labor Association v+
#ebu Steveoring #o+ %nc+ su2ra4
%%%+ %n t'e case at bar& t'e em!lo(ees o" t'e livestoc: an
agro ivision o" 08LK#A !er"orm wor: entirel( iBerent
"rom t'ose !er"orme b( em!lo(ees in t'e su!ermarts
an cinema+
Among ot'ers& t'e note iBerences are? t'eir wor:ing
conitions& 'ours o" wor:& rates o" !a(& incluing t'e
categories o" t'eir !ositions an em!lo(ment status+ Due
to t'e nature o" t'e business in w'ic' its livestoc:$agro
ivision is engage ver( "ew o" its em!lo(ees in t'e
ivision are !ermanent& t'e overw'elming ma@orit( o"
w'ic' are seasonal an casual an not regular em!lo(ees+
Defnitel(& t'e( 'ave ver( little in common wit' t'e
em!lo(ees o" t'e su!ermarts an cinemas+ =o lum! all t'e
em!lo(ees o" 08LK#A in its integrate business concerns
cannot result in an e,cacious bargaining unit com!rise
o" constituents en@o(ing a communit( or mutualit( o"
interest+
1neniabl(& t'e ran: an fle em!lo(ees o" t'e livestoc:$
agro ivision constitute a bargaining unit t'at satisfes
bot' re*uirements o" classifcation accoring to
em!lo(ment status an o" t'e substantial similarit( o"
wor: an uties w'ic' will ultimatel( assure its members
t'e e-ercise o" t'eir collective bargaining rig'ts+
!ss"e )
%+ %t is signifcant to note t'at 124 em!lo(ees out o" t'e
20A em!lo(ees o" 08LK#A 'ave e-!resse t'eir written
consent to t'e certifcation election or more t'an a
ma@orit( o" t'e ran: an fle em!lo(ees an wor:ers/
muc' more t'an t'e re*uire 50) an over an above
t'e !resent re*uirement o" 20) b( 8-ecutive 7rer
2o+ 111 an a!!licable onl( to unorgani>e
establis'ments uner Art+ 2AE& o" t'e Labor #oe& to
w'ic' 08LK#A belongs+
2D
A+ 1ner Art+ 2AE o" t'e Labor #oe once t'e statutor(
re*uirement is met& t'e Director o" Labor Relations 'as
no c'oice but to call a certifcation election+
0+ An( oubt cast on t'e aut'enticit( o" signatures to t'e
!etition "or 'oling a certifcation election cannot be a
bar to its being grante+ %n "act& once t'e re*uire
!ercentage re*uirement 'as been reac'e& t'e
em!lo(eesP wit'rawal "rom union members'i! ta:ing
!lace a"ter t'e fling o" t'e !etition "or certifcation
election will not aBect sai !etition+
%%+ A certifcation election is t'e sole concern o" t'e
wor:ers+ ='e onl( e-ce!tion is w'ere t'e em!lo(er 'as
to fle a !etition "or certifcation election !ursuant to
Art+ 2A6 o" t'e Labor #oe because t'e latter was
re*ueste to bargain collectivel(+ 0ut t'erea"ter t'e
role o" t'e em!lo(er in t'e certifcation !rocess
ceases+ ='e em!lo(er becomes merel( a b(staner+
A. ='ere is no s'owing t'at t'e instant case "alls uner
t'e above mentione e-ce!tion+
!. <owever& it will be note t'at 08LK#A "rom t'e outset
'as activel( !artici!ate an consistentl( ta:en t'e
!osition o" aversar( in t'e !etition "or irect
certifcation as t'e sole an e-clusive bargaining
re!resentative anOor certifcation election fle b(
res!onent Associate Labor 1nions 3AL14$=1#P to t'e
e-tent o" fling !etition "or certiorari in t'is #ourt+
RU"IN=: T&e &o)ing o0 a certi1cation eection is (ro(er.
T&e stat'tory re.'irement was met. Decision o0 !"R
AFFIRMED.
U7 v. Ferrer6CaeHa
1@ Ju43 1992
#hie5 Justice Nar$asa
SUMMARY: %n t'is s!ecial civil action o" certiorari t'e 1niversit( o" t'e
P'ili!!ines see:s t'e nullifcation o" t'e 7rer ate 7ctober 50& 1660
o" Director Pura.errer$#alle@a o" t'e 0ureau o" Labor Relations 'oling
t'at W!ro"essors& associate !ro"essors an assistant !ro"essors 3o" t'e
1niversit( o" t'e P'ili!!ines4 are + + ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees + + /W
conse*uentl(& t'e( s'oul& toget'er wit' t'e so$calle non$acaemic&
non$teac'ing& an all ot'er em!lo(ees o" t'e 1niversit(& be
re!resente b( onl( one labor organi>ation+
='e case was initiate in t'e 0ureau o" Labor Relations b( a !etition b(
a registere labor union& t'e W7rgani>ation o" 2on$Acaemic Personnel
o" 1PW 372AP1P4+ #laiming to 'ave a members'i! o" 5&25F members V
com!rising more t'an 55) o" t'e 6&F1E !ersons constituting t'e non$
acaemic !ersonnel o" 1P$Diliman& Los 0a[os& Manila& an 9isa(as& it
soug't t'e 'oling o" a certifcation election among all sai non$
acaemic em!lo(ees o" t'e 1niversit( o" t'e P'ili!!ines+
anot'er registere labor union& t'e WAll 1P Gor:ersP 1nion&W
C
fle a
comment& as intervenor in t'e certifcation election !roceeing+
Alleging t'at its members'i! covers bot' acaemic an non$acaemic
!ersonnel& an t'at it aims to unite all 1P ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees in
one union& it eclare its assent to t'e 'oling o" t'e election !rovie
t'e a!!ro!riate organi>ational unit was frst clearl( efne+ %t observe
in t'is connection t'at t'e Researc'& 8-tension an Pro"essional StaB
3R8PS4& w'o are acaemic non$teac'ing !ersonnel& s'oul not be
eeme !art o" t'e organi>ational unit+
.or its !art& t'e 1niversit(& t'roug' its Ieneral #ounsel&mae o" recor
its view t'at t'ere s'oul be two 324 unions? one "or acaemic& t'e
ot'er "or non$acaemic or aministrative& !ersonnel consiering t'e
ic'otom( o" interests& conitions an rules governing t'ese em!lo(ee
grou!s+
DOCTRINE:
A Wbargaining unitW 'as been efne as a grou! o" em!lo(ees o" a
given em!lo(er& com!rise o" all or less t'an all o" t'e entire bo( o"
em!lo(ees& w'ic' t'e collective interest o" all t'e em!lo(ees&
consistent wit' e*uit( to t'e em!lo(er& inicate to be t'e best suite to
serve t'e reci!rocal rig'ts an uties o" t'e !arties uner t'e collective
bargaining !rovisions o" t'e law+
7ur labor laws o not 'owever !rovie t'e criteria "or etermining t'e
!ro!er collective bargaining unit+ Section 12 o" t'e ol law& Re!ublic
26
Act 2o+ DEA ot'erwise :nown as t'e %nustrial Peace Act& sim!l( reas
as "ollows?
*B
Sec+ 12+ )Ec4usi$e #o44ecti$e ?argaining !e2resentation 5or %abor
,rganiations+ V ='e labor organi>ation esignate or selecte "or t'e
!ur!ose o" collective bargaining b( t'e ma@orit( o" t'e em!lo(ees in an
a!!ro!riate collective bargaining unit s'all be t'e e-clusive
re!resentative o" all t'e em!lo(ees in suc' unit "or t'e !ur!ose o"
collective bargaining in res!ect to rates o" !a(& wages& 'ours o"
em!lo(ment& or ot'er conitions o" em!lo(ment/ Pro$ided& ='at an(
iniviual em!lo(ee or grou! o" em!lo(ees s'all 'ave t'e rig't at an(
time to !resent grievances to t'eir em!lo(er+
Alt'oug' sai Section 12 o" t'e %nustrial Peace Act was subse*uentl(
incor!orate into t'e Labor #oe wit' minor c'anges& no guielines
were inclue in sai #oe "or etermination o" an a!!ro!riate
bargaining unit in a given case+
D+
='us& a!art "rom t'e single
escri!tive wor Wa!!ro!riate&W no s!ecifc guie "or etermining t'e
!ro!er collective bargaining unit can be "oun in t'e statutes+
8ven 8-ecutive 7rer 2o+ 1D0 alrea( averte to is not muc' 'el!+ All
it sa(s& in its Section 6& is t'at W3t4'e a!!ro!riate organi>ational unit
s'all be t'e em!lo(er unit consisting o" ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees&
unless circumstances ot'erwise re*uire+W #ase law "ortunatel(
"urnis'es some guielines+
G'en frst con"ronte wit' t'e tas: o" etermining t'e !ro!er collective
bargaining unit in a !articular controvers(& t'e #ourt 'a !er"orce to
rel( on American @uris!ruence+ %n Democratic %abor Association $s.
#ebu &te$edoring #om2an3, 8nc., ecie on .ebruar( 2D& 16AD&
D:
t'e
#ourt observe t'at Wt'e issue o" 'ow to etermine t'e !ro!er
collective bargaining unit an w'at unit woul be a!!ro!riate to be t'e
collective bargainingagenc(W + + + Wis novel in t'is @urisiction/ 'owever&
American !receents on t'e matter aboun + + 3to w'ic' resort ma( be
'a4 consiering t'at our !resent Magna #arta 'as been !atterne
a"ter t'e American law on t'e sub@ect+W Sai t'e #ourt?
+ + + 1ner t'ese !receents& t'ere are various "actors w'ic' must be
satisfe an consiere in etermining t'e !ro!er constituenc( o" a
bargaining unit+ 2o one !articular "actor is itsel" ecisive o" t'e
etermination+ ='e weig't accore to an( !articular "actor varies in
accorance wit' t'e !articular *uestion or *uestions t'at ma( arise in
a given case+ G'at are t'ese "actorsQ Rot'enberg mentions a goo
number& but t'e most !ertinent to our case are? 314 will o" t'e
em!lo(ees 3Ilobe Doctrine4/ 324 a,nit( an unit o" em!lo(eesP
interest& suc' as substantial similarit( o" wor: an uties& or similarit(
o" com!ensation an wor:ing conitions/ 354 !rior collective bargaining
'istor(/ an 344 em!lo(ment status& suc' as tem!orar(& seasonal
!robationar( em!lo(ees+ + + +
---------
An enlig'tening a!!raisal o" t'e !roblem o" efning an a!!ro!riate
bargaining unit is given in t'e 10t' Annual Re!ort o" t'e 2ational Labor
Relations 0oar w'erein it is em!'asi>e t'at t'e "actors w'ic' sai
boar ma( consier an weig' in f-ing a!!ro!riate units are? t'e
'istor(& e-tent an t(!e o" organi>ation o" em!lo(ees/ t'e 'istor( o"
t'eir collective bargaining/ t'e 'istor(& e-tent an t(!e o" organi>ation
o" em!lo(ees in ot'er !lants o" t'e same em!lo(er& or ot'er em!lo(ers
in t'e same inustr(/ t'e s:ill& wages& wor:& an wor:ing conitions o"
t'e em!lo(ees/ t'e esires o" t'e em!lo(ees/ t'e eligibilit( o" t'e
em!lo(ees "or members'i! in t'e union or unions involve/ an t'e
relations'i! between t'e unit or units !ro!ose an t'e em!lo(erPs
organi>ation& management& an o!eration+ + + +
+ + %n sai re!ort& it is li:ewise em!'asi>e t'at t'e basic test in
etermining t'e a!!ro!riate bargaining unit is t'at a unit& to be
a!!ro!riate& must aBect a grou!ing o" em!lo(ees w'o 'ave
substantial& mutual interests in wages& 'ours& wor:ing conitions an
ot'er sub@ects o" collective bargaining 3citing Smit' on Labor Laws&
51F$51E/ .rancisco& Labor Laws& 1F24+ + + +
='e #ourt "urt'er e-!laine t'at W3t?&e test o0 t&e gro'(ing is
comm'nity or m't'aity o0 interests. An t'is is so because Pt'e
basic test o" an asserte bargaining unitPs acce!tabilit( is w'et'er or
not it is "unamentall( t'e combination w'ic' will best assure to all
em!lo(ees t'e e-ercise o" t'eir collective bargaining rig'tsP
3Rot'enberg on Labor Relations& 4604+W <ence& in t'at case& t'e #ourt
u!'el t'e trial courtPs conclusion t'at two se!arate bargaining units
s'oul be "orme& one consisting o" regular an !ermanent em!lo(ees
an anot'er consisting o" casual laborers or steveores+
50
Since t'en& t'e Fcommunit3 or mutua4it3 o5 interestsF test 'as !rovie
t'e stanar in etermining t'e !ro!er constituenc( o" a collective
bargaining unit+ %n A4hambra #igar G #igarette Manu5acturing
#om2an3, et a4. $s. A4hambra )m24o3eesH Association ;PA-%7<, 10E P'il+
25& t'e #ourt& noting t'at t'e em!lo(ees in t'e aministrative& sales
an is!ensar( e!artments o" a cigar an cigarette manu"acturing
frm !er"orm wor: w'ic' 'ave not'ing to o wit' !rouction an
maintenance& unli:e t'ose in t'e raw lea 3malalasi4& cigar& cigarette&
!ac:ing 3!recintera4 an engineering an garage e!artments&
aut'ori>e t'e "ormation o" t'e "ormer set o" em!lo(ees into a
se!arate collective bargaining unit+ ='e ruling in t'e Democratic %abor
Association case& su2ra& was reiterate in Phi4i22ine %and+Air+&ea %abor
7nit $s. #ourt o5 8ndustria4 !e4ations& 110 P'il+ 1EF& w'ere casual
em!lo(ees were barre "rom @oining t'e union o" t'e !ermanent an
regular em!lo(ees+
A!!l(ing t'e same Wcommunit( or mutualit( o" interestsW test& but
resulting in t'e "ormation o" onl( one collective bargaining units is t'e
case o" Nationa4 Association o5 -ree /rade 7nions $s. Mainit %umber
De$e4o2ment #om2an3 Ior1ers 7nion+7nited %umber and Jenera4
Ior1ers o5 the Phi4s.,I+R+ 2o+ E6A2F& December 21& 1660& 162 S#RA
A6D+ %n sai case& t'e #ourt orere t'e "ormation o" a single
bargaining unit consisting o" t'e Sawmill Division in 0utuan #it( an
t'e Logging Division in \a!anta 9alle(& Hitc'arao& Agusan 2orte o" t'e
Mainit Lumber Develo!ment #om!an(+ ='e #ourt reasone?
#ertainl(& t'ere is a mutualit( o" interest among t'e em!lo(ees o" t'e
Sawmill Division an t'e Logging Division+ ='eir "unctions mes' wit'
one anot'er+ 7ne grou! nees t'e ot'er in t'e same wa( t'at t'e
com!an( nees t'em bot'+ ='ere ma( be iBerence as to t'e nature o"
t'eir iniviual assignments but t'e istinctions are not enoug' to
warrant t'e "ormation o" a se!arate bargaining unit+
2ot muc' reLection is neee to !erceive t'at t'e communit( or
mutualit( o" interests w'ic' @ustifes t'e "ormation o" a single collective
bargaining unit is wanting between t'e acaemic an non$acaemic
!ersonnel o" t'e universit(+ %t woul seem obvious t'at teac'ers woul
fn ver( little in common wit' t'e 1niversit( cler:s an ot'er non$
acaemic em!lo(ees as regars res!onsibilities an "unctions& wor:ing
conitions& com!ensation rates& social li"e an interests& s:ills an
intellectual !ursuits& cultural activities& etc+ 7n t'e contrar(& t'e
ic'otom( o" interests& t'e issimilarit( in t'e nature o" t'e wor: an
uties as well as in t'e com!ensation an wor:ing conitions o" t'e
acaemic an non$acaemic !ersonnel ictate t'e se!aration o" t'ese
two categories o" em!lo(ees "or !ur!oses o" collective bargaining+ ='e
"ormation o" two se!arate bargaining units& t'e frst consisting o" t'e
ran:$an$fle non$acaemic !ersonnel& an t'e secon& o" t'e ran:$
an$fle acaemic em!lo(ees& is t'e set$u! t'at will best assure to all
t'e em!lo(ees t'e e-ercise o" t'eir collective bargaining rig'ts+ ='ese
s!ecial circumstances& i.e.& t'e ic'otom( o" interests an concerns as
well as t'e issimilarit( in t'e nature an conitions o" wor:& wages
an com!ensation between t'e acaemic an non$acaemic
!ersonnel& bring t'e case at bar wit'in t'e e-ce!tion contem!late in
Section 6 o" 8-ecutive 7rer 2o+ 1D0+ %t was grave abuse o" iscretion
on t'e !art o" t'e Labor Relations Director to 'ave rule ot'erwise&
ignoring !lain an !atent realities+
51

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