1echno|og|ca| update

on ed|b|e o|| ref|n|ng processes

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CII 1LCnNICAL]SCILN1IIIC
CCNILkLNCL
1uesday 13
th
May 2014
Istanbu| - 1urkey
Edible Oil Refining : Where are we now ?
2
Crude C||
Water degumm|ng
A|ka|| Neutra||sat|on
Deodor|zat|on
kef|ned C||
Soapstock
Spent
b|each|ng earth
Deodor|zer D|st|||ate
Mechan|ca| ress|ng
CILSLLDS
C|| Lxtract|on
So|vent Lxtract|on
WDG C||
Ac|d degumm|ng
8|each|ng
hys|ca| deac|d|f|cat|on
Deodor|zat|on
Ac|d Gums
Deo||ed Mea|
Gums
LECITHIN
Chem|ca|
hys|ca|
8|each|ng
Current developments in edible oil refining
Improved chem|ca| ref|n|ng
* lmplemeototloo of oooo-teoctot tecbooloqy
Lnzymat|c degumm|ng
* fflcleot Jeqommloq ooJ blqbet oll ylelJ,
* Mlssloq llok fot pbyslcol tefloloq of soft olls ?,
8|each|ng
* ltom sloqle stoqe colot temovol to moltl-stoqe oJsotptlve potlflcotloo
Deve|opments |n deodor|zat|on
* Mote efflcleot ptocesses (less oll losses, bettet volotlsotloo of slJe stteoms)
* MllJet JeoJotlzotloo (lowet tempetotote - lowet ptessote) . lce
cooJeosloq
5#&%)%*& )%-/"#* 62) / 7#%8& 9%#%)/&"2#: $;%-"$/0 )%6"#"#9
St||| most w|de|y app||ed ref|n|ng process
* loJepeoJeot of ctoJe oll poollty (fotqlvloq ptocess) ,
* usoolly qlves qooJ tefloeJ oll poollty (effect of coostlc) ,
* Most soltoble ptocess fot stooJ-olooe tefloetles ,
.3&< w|th |ts known drawbacks
* nlqb oeottol oll losses lo tbe soopstock (especlolly fot blqbet llA olls) ,
* ulfflcolt volotlzotloo of tbe oclJ oll ,
* ulfflcolt ooJ expeoslve wostewotet tteotmeot (eovltoomeotol lssoe) ,
Chemical Refining
Stat|c Dynam|c n|gh Shear U|tra n|gh Shear
(s|ng|e stage) (mu|t|-stage)
More efficient mixing
=2> $/# >% 63)&;%) "-4)2?% %66"$"%#$@A
Plgher energy lnpuL buL lower chemlcals consumpLlon
Mote efflcleot Coms/llA kemovol & less Mote efflcleot Coms/llA kemovol & less 5oopstock 5oopstock
Hydrodynamic Nano Reactors

Un|que |nterna| geometry

Generat|on of very sma|| 'nano' bubb|es |n ||qu|d streams
L|qu|ds (homogeneous]heterogeneous) are fed to nano-reactor
w|th h|gh pressure pump
Mechan|ca| and chem|ca| effects
! Iormat|on of very f|ne emu|s|ons
! Increased surface area
! Lxtreme|y h|gh shear forces
! Act|vat|on of atoms, mo|ecu|es
! D|srupt|on of mo|ecu|ar agg|omerates
ltoptletoty Jeslqo of c1l
B &)3% )%/$&2)< #2& C3*& / D%&&%) -"8%)
Plgh ressure feed pump
nano-reacLor assembly
Nano Neutralization
*aLenL pendlng
process
* Add-on Lo exlsLlng
neuLrallzaLlon llne
S00 1D Nano Neutra||zat|on of soybean o||
Industr|a| data
Nano Neutralization
5#E3*&)"/0 40/#& F GHH IJ,
0.1-0.3 o|| y|e|d |mprovement
90 |ess phosphor|c ac|d
30 |ess caust|c soda
|ess washwater ]s|||ca
Nano Neutralization: proven advantages
Nano Neutralized vs conventional refined oil
CuallLy arameLers
Soybean Cll
lndusLrlal
nano-reflned
ConvenLlonal
Chemlcal reflned
IIA ( C18:1)
(ppm)
Ie (ppm)
1rans IA ()
Co|or (k - S
1]4
")
1ocophero|s (ppm)
CSI (hr at 97.8C)
0.02
<1
<0.0S
0.S3
1.2
81S
1S.S
0.02
<1
<0.0S
0.S7
1.2
792
1S.7
K/#2+#%3&)/0"L/&M ;/* #2 #%9/&"?% %66%$& 2# )%6"#%E 2"0 N3/0"&@
compotlsoo of loJosttlol tefloeJ soybeoo oll somples compotlsoo of loJosttlol tefloeJ soybeoo oll somples
11
1. Nano-degumm|ng of crude]WDG o||s
ueep Jeqommloq to ollow pbyslcol tefloloq
2. Nano-degumm|ng of pa|m o||
keplocloq tbe Jty pbospbotlc oclJ Jeqommloq
- Also soltoble lo bloJlesel feeJstock ptetteotmeot
3. Lnzyme ass|sted nano-degumm|ng
St||| |n test|ng phase
Other Potential Applications
Developments in deodorization
Improved Deodorizer design Qualistock +
n|gh str|pp|ng eff|c|ency
Improved heat recovery
L|ght fue| consumpt|on
keduced |osses and |mproved
d|st|||ate qua||ty
Sp|ash o|| e||m|nated
A|| ma[or sect|ons comb|ned
|nto s|ng|e vesse|
Deodorizer design
n|gh str|pp|ng
eff|c|ency
|n a deep bed
deodor|zer
w|th spec|a|
des|gned
steam ||ft pumps
nlqb sttlpploq efflcleocy nlqb sttlpploq efflcleocy
Deodorizer design
ueoJotlsloq ueoJotlsloq by by Cos Cos llft llft lomp lomp
SLeam enLers Lhe gas llfL pump
Lhrough a cenLral Lube
SLeam rlses up Lhe Lube
drawlng oll wlLh lL
Cll ls deflecLed downwards
by Lhe conlcal haL
SLeam rlses carrylng away lmpurlLles
SLeam
CA5 lll1 luMl lN Ac1lON CA5 lll1 luMl lN Ac1lON
llqbt foel coosomptloo (2.5 to J.0 kq/1 llqbt foel coosomptloo (2.5 to J.0 kq/1
fot cootloooos JeoJotlzet) fot cootloooos JeoJotlzet)
ueodorlzed oll
enLerlng Lray from
upper secLlon
ueodorlzed oll
leavlng Lray Lo
coollng secLlon
colJ bleocbeJ oll - lo
ltebeoteJ oll - oot
-vlrLually clog free large bore plpes
-Plgh level of heaL recovery
Deodorizer design
Increases ac|d|ty of the fatty ac|d
d|st|||ate
kecovers va|uab|e by-products
(tocophero| concentrates)
uooble lotty AclJs cooJeosotloo 5ystem uooble lotty AclJs cooJeosotloo 5ystem
Deodorizer design
Stripper/deodorizer with DOUBLE scrubber Stripper/deodorizer with DOUBLE scrubber
NB Oil
CHEMICAL
DB Oil
PHYSICAL
FFA (% C18:1)
Tocopherols (ppm)
0.1
1200
0.6
1200
NBD Oil DBD Oil
FFA (% C18:1)
Tocopherols (ppm)
< 0.03
511
< 0.03
515
HOT DISTILLATE
FFA (% C18:1)
Tocopherols (%)
Yield (kg/ton)
7.5
21.79
2.55
14.8
18.23
2.52
COLD DISTILLATE
FFA (% C18:1)
Tocopherols (%)
Yield (kg/ton)
76.50 92.95
2.97 2.07
1.05 5.97
Dual condensation for tocopherol recovery
ua||ty parameter 1emperature 1|me ressure Steam
1aste
Co|or (heat b|each)
IIA str|pp|ng
1rans fatty ac|d format|on
1 o c o p h e r o | ] s t e r o |
str|pp|ng
Contam|nant remova|
1
+
++
++
++
++
++
++
+
-
++
-
-
+
-
++
-
++
++
++
-
+
-
+
+
Contaminants : Pesticides, PAH, dioxins
Legend : - : little or no effect, + : significant effect, ++ : large effect
Deodorized oil quality : effect of process variables
Vacuum production in deodorization
Conventional deodorizers commonly operate
at a pressure of 3-4 mbar
Empirical requirement for good deodorization:
8 m
3
sparge steam /kg oil (230-250C)
Trend to go to lower pressures: 4 > 3 > 2 > 1.5 mbar
1.5 > 1 > 0.5 mbar
eg. 240C 3 mbar 10 kg/ton 780 m
3
/kg steam
2 mbar 6.7 kg/ton 1170
1.5 mbar 5 kg/ton 1560
1 mbar 3.3 kg/ton 2340
0.5 mbar 1.7 kg/ton 4680
Low deodorizing pressure
8enef|ts
- 8etter str|pp|ng eff|c|ency (at same deodor|z|ng temperature)
- Same str|pp|ng eff|c|ency (at |ower deodor|z|ng temperature)
- Lower deodor|z|ng pressure may therefore resu|t |n:
- |ess unwanted degradat|on react|ons,
- more neutra| o|| |osses due to str|pp|ng of vo|at||e monog|ycer|des
1echno|ogy
- C|osed |oop systems w|th ch|||ed water
- Dry Ice Condens|ng systems
Conventional vacuum systems
- Comb|nat|on of steam [et e[ectors (boosters), vapour condensers
and mechan|ca| (||qu|d-r|ng) vacuum pump
- n|gh mot|ve steam consumpt|on (60-8S of tota| steam)
Vacuum systems
CCNVLN1ICNAL DIk1 WA1Lk
VACUUM SS1LM
- n|gh steam consumpt|on
- Cdour prob|ems
- n|gh eff|uent em|ss|on
CLCSLD 8AkCML1kIC
VACUUM SS1LM
- n|gher steam consumpt|on
- keduced odour prob|ems
- n|gher eff|uent em|ss|on
Vacuum systems
CnILLLD 8AkCML1kIC
VACUUM SS1LM
- keduced steam consumpt|on
- keduced odour prob|ems
- keduced eff|uent em|ss|on
- Vacuum of 1 to 1.S mbar
|n the deodor|zer |s poss|b|e
Vacuum systems
ICL CCNDLNSING
VACUUM SS1LM
- Very Low steam consumpt|on
- Much reduced
odor prob|em
- Much reduced eff|uent
em|ss|on
- Vacuum of 1 to 1.S mbar
|n the deodor|zer |s poss|b|e
Vacuum systems
ICL CCNDLNSING
VACUUM SS1LM
Condensat|on of steam |nto
|ce on surface condensers
Low pressure
can be reached (< 2 mbar)
Vacuum systems
Vertical tube
Top
view
falling NH
3
film
- large Lube dlameLer wlLh large Lube plLch
- falllng fllm, consLanL LemperaLure along
enLlre Lube
- low sysLem refrlgeranL mass
- self dralnlng, easy Lo de-lce and clean
- no meLal-meLal frlcLlon, free verLlcal moLlon
- long freezlng cycles posslble
- compacL : small fooLprlnL
- peaks ln coollng capaclLy are mlnlmlsed
by conLrolled coollng from hlgh (for cleanlng)
Lo low
operaLlng LemperaLures
- low energy consumpLlon due Lo hlgh
evaporaLlon LemperaLures and falllng fllm
prlnclple
horizontal tube
Why vertical?
Sub||max
vapors
water
Ammon|a
Ammon|a
Less senslLlve Lo foullng, Can Lake very dlrLy vapors
- lce condenser as parLlal and even LoLal vapor
condenser (sLeam & faLLLy maLLer)
- sklpplng condenser ln deodorlzaLlon
saves 0.3-1 mbar !
" Low pressure deodorlzaLlon aL < 1 mbar
8eneflLs:
- beLLer sLrlpplng aL lower LemperaLure
- beLLer usage of sparge sLeam
(doubllng of volume)
- ldeal for heaL-senslLlve olls
Vertical design with falling film: Sublimax
oetqy oetqy coosomptloo coosomptloo lo lo cootloooos cootloooos JeoJotlzet JeoJotlzet
Vacuum cost per year (S00 tpd - Luro)
Vacuum systems
Utility consumption vacuum production/ton oil
Vacuum systems
oetqy oetqy coosomptloo coosomptloo lo lo cootloooos cootloooos JeoJotlzet JeoJotlzet
Ice condenser |s not cheap, but CALk |s not key factor, CLk |s...
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Investment and erection cost
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Investment and erection cost
Conclusions
New deve|opments |n ed|b|e o|| ref|n|ng are]were ma|n|y
|mprovements of we|| estab||shed un|t operat|ons.
New techno|og|es are on|y |mp|emented |f they |mprove
the (cost-) eff|c|ency of the process.
Improved vacuum systems ( ch|||ed water , |ce condens|ng)
a||ow better product qua||ty (|ow trans, better retent|on
of natura| ant|-oxydants.)

C|| qua||ty (and a|so susta|nab|||ty) becomes more |mportant
and may |ead to new kef|n|ng processes]concepts
Act|ve k&D more than ever requ|red |n our |ndustry:
O$"%#$% D%;"#E P#%>Q &%$;#2029@ O$"%#$% D%;"#E P#%>Q &%$;#2029@
Thank you
for your attention!!!
cootoct.
lt. vloceot llets - ltoJoct Moooqet kefloloq - uesmet 8ollestto
Ctoop - moll. vlJesmetbollestto.com