Denizilli Project

DENIZLI CCPP PROJECT
RWE & Turcas Gney Elektrik retim A..

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)
Non-Technical Summary

Final

March 2010

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Non-Technical Summary
Denizli CCPP Project

RWE & TURCAS NTS Page 1 of 32 MARCH 2010
This document is the Non-technical Summary (NTS)
of the Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment Report (ESIA) for the planned new
CCPP (the Project) of RWE & Turcas Gney
Elektrik A. . (RWE & Turcas).
This report will be translated into Turkish
language. In case of doubt the English version shall
prevail.

1 Introduction
Project Background
The company RWE & Turcas Gney Elektrik
retim A. . (RWE & Turcas) intends to build
and operate an 800 MWel combined cycle gas
turbine power plant (CCPP) near Denizli, Turkey
1
.
The plant will be located near Kaklik Municipality,
30 km east of Denizli and approximately 280 km
southeast of Izmir.
RWE AG is the leading privately owned energy
company in Europe. TURCAS Petrol A.. is the
successor of Trk Petrol ve Madeni Yalar A..,
which was founded in 1931 as the first private oil
Distribution Company in Turkey and transformed
into a joint stock status. Established as a petroleum
products retailer, Turcas is transforming itself into
an energy holding company.
RWE, in 2007 decided to enter the fast growing
Turkish energy market. Therefore a shareholder
agreement with the Turcas has been signed in
order to realize two large scale power plants in
2009.
"RWE & Turcas Gney Elektrik retim A. ."
(RWE & Turcas) was registered on 09.06.2009. The
company is responsible for the construction and
operation of the planned natural gas fired CCPP.
The project - a state-of-the-art combined cycle gas
turbine power plant - will add electrical capacity of
approximately 800 MW to the national grid.
RWE & Turcas selected METKA as a qualified
international Engineering, Procurement and
Construction (EPC) contractor through a process of
international competitive bidding and the EPC
Contract was signed on 27 October 2010.

1
The project was originally developed by E.ON together
with Turcas. In March 2009, E.ON decided to sell its shares
in the project to RWE.
The Project will be planned, constructed and
operated to Turkish regulations as well as
international standards and according to the RWE
Group Policy Environmental Management.
Environmental and social findings of the ESIA
with relevance for the plant design specifications
and project implementation will be taken into
consideration by RWE & Turcas to ensure that
measures identified as necessary in this ESIA will
be implemented.
The commencement of construction is planned for
second quarter of 2010. Start of electricity
production with the new power plant is targeted
for the end of 2012.
The total capital investment of the CCPP project
amounts to roughly 600 Mio EUR. Transmission
lines to connect to the grid are not part of the
Project. The Project is presently at the stage of
construction permit.
Need for the Project
Within past years, Turkey has seen substantial
economic growth and in parallel with this steep
increase in electricity demand. The long term
growth rate of electricity demand in Turkey is with
approximately 10% per year high. The forecast for
the development of the economy show moderate to
high economy growth rates until 2020.
Corresponding increasing energy demands are
expected.
Based on forecast by TEIAS (2008) Turkey is
expected to face supply shortages between 2013
and 2015 as a result of the continuing growth in
electricity demand and the slow growth in
generating capacity.
The Denizli region is one of the areas with the
highest consumption on electricity although it is
far away from other electricity generating facilities.
In addition, the forecasted growth rate of energy
demand in the Denizli region is higher than the
Turkish average. In western Turkey, the
consumption exceeds generation which is the
reason why the Ministry of Energy and Natural
Resources is requesting an additional capacity for
this region.
The political and legal framework conditions allow
investments of private companies in the energy
sector. Thus, private investments appear as a good
opportunity to build up the needed energy
production capacity within short term whereas

state investments are more difficult to realize
because of political and financial reasons.
Since the overall time needed for implementation
of a gas fired power plant is shorter than for e.g. a
coal fired power plant, a combined cycle gas fired
power plant is the best option to provide new base
load generation capacity on short term.
Therefore the construction of an 800 MWel base
load gas fired power plant in Denizli region would
be a benefit to the region and the whole country.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Project
The Project requires approval from the Ministry of
Environment and Forest (MOEF) which is the
competent authority in Turkey for the
environmental appraisal of projects. For the Project
an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is
mandatory according to Turkish environmental
regulations. The EIA was carried out by the
company Tugal Environmental Technologies from
Istanbul together with Ekotest Environmental
Consultancy Testing Co. Ltd (TCT), from Ankara.
The EIA was already submitted to the Ministry of
Environment and Forest (MOEF) and RWE &
Turcas received the environmental approval of the
Project in November 2008.
In addition, to fulfil environmental and social
requirements of potential international project
lenders, the Developer, in May 2008 has contracted
a consultant team led by ERM (Frankfurt office/
Germany) locally supported by TCT to prepare
additional studies and compile supplementary
information in a wider scoped Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report. The ESIA
is designed to conform to international standards
and practice such as IFC Performance Standards.
The ESIA Report contains in detail the findings of
the assessment of the likely environmental and
social impacts associated with the construction and
operation of the Project. It describes measures to
avoid or mitigate identified impacts in an
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP),
which outlines that the Project will be in an
environmentally and socially acceptable manner
and compliant with both national and international
standards.
Furthermore, the study forms the basis for
specifying the environmental and social provisions
in the contract for engineering, procurement of
materials, equipment and construction with the
EPC contractor, as well as operation and
maintenance.
Key findings of the ESIA and ESMP measures are
presented in this summary report further below
(cf. Section 5).
As part of the ESIA activities, consultations with
stakeholders and the public were undertaken and
project information was disclosed within the
framework of a public consultation and disclosure
plan (PCDP) set up for the Project. The Draft Final
ESIA Report is subject to public disclosure and
RWE & Turcas will organise a public meeting for
the interested public in the communities in the
vicinity of the plant in the first quarter of 2010.

2 Description of the Project
Project Site Locations
After an intensive site screening and consultations
with Turkish Authorities and technical studies, the
Denizli-Kaklk site could be figured out as a
suitable place for the project.
The proposed site of the Denizli CCPP is located in
the Aegean region, 280 km southeast of Izmir,
approximately 35 km east of the city of Denizli.
The site is situated 1.8 km north of Kaklik
Municipality in Honaz District, Denizli Province.
The site has and area of approximately 26.7 ha and
is divided in 19 land parcels with mainly private
land owners. All private parcels have already been
purchased amicably. The elevation is between 545
and 595 m above sea level (asl). The area required
for the project will be roughly 300 m x 300 m.
An overview of the location of the Project sites is
provided in Figure ES-1.



Figure ES-1: CCPP Site Location Map

Salient Features
The planned Denizli Power Plant is an 800 MW
el

class Combined Cycle (CCPP) natural gas-fired
plant with high efficiency of about 57%.
The CCPP will be a state-of-the-art power plant for
economical production of electricity for at least
25 years operation period (200,000 operational
hours). The power plant will burn natural gas as
sole fuel.
The central unit of the Facility will be configured
with multi-shaft heavy duty industrial gas turbines
equipped with dry low-NOx combustion systems.
The exhaust gas of each gas turbine is fed into an
associated heat recovery steam generator (HRSG).
The steam from both HRSGs serves one common
steam turbine. Further the plant comprises all
necessary auxiliary and ancillary systems and
equipment.

Measures to protect the environment are integral
part of the facility design. The power plant
includes effluent treatment, fire fighting systems,
waste management facilities, and is equipped with
all accessories, cables, piping, protection and safety
equipment, auxiliary and ancillary equipment
required for safe and continuous operation. All air
and noise emission control measures, wastewater
effluent treatment, waste handling, operational
and construction activities is planned, performed
and handled in such a way that the applicable legal
requirements and international standards will be
complied with.
Natural disaster risks relevant to the site, like
storm and earthquake, along with adequate
provisions for hazards is considered in the design
and applicable construction norms are applied.

The main installations are as follows:
Two gas turbines (GT) and associated
generators with a gross electrical power output
of 268 MW
el
each;
Two heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) to
generate steam from the waste heat of the GTs
to be utilized in the steam turbine (ST);
One steam turbine (ST) and generator with a
gross electrical power output of 264 MWel;
Each of the HRSGs has its own stack of
60 metres height above ground level for
discharge of waste combustion gas;
Cooling of the closed loop steam/water circuit
by means of Air Cooled Condensers (ACC);
Appropriate facilities will serve for raw water
conditioning and wastewater treatment;
A high voltage switchyard with power
transformers and power distribution systems;
A small laboratory for testing of lubricants
used for operation of the plant as well as for
water quality testing;
Storage tanks for de-mineralised water;
Natural gas receiving metering station;
Buildings (particularly for the Central Control
Room), roads, parking and fencing.
A storage room for oils, lubricants, and other
chemical materials like paints and solvents will be
located in the maintenance workshop. Chemicals
used for the raw water and wastewater treatment
will be stored at the respective locations.
The turbine/generator units will each have their
own building and are island structures to avoid
propagation of vibration and noise.
Monitoring and control of the entire electrical
system will be executed in the Central Control
Room (CCR). The control system is designed for
full control and supervision of the plant from the
CCR.
Start-up of the plant will be enabled by electricity
provided via the national 380 kV grid. Auxiliary
steam for start-up and shut-down of the steam
generator will be provided from an auxiliary
natural gas fired boiler (50 MWth).
Access to the site will be via a 1 km long local road
which connects to the national road D595 to
Kaklik-Usak. The local road will be asphalted to
allow heavy goods transport. The site will be
fenced and access will be given through a main
gate with gate house.
Energy Transmission
The electricity generated by the plant will be fed
into step-up transformers where the generation
voltage is transformed to the 380 kilovolt (kV) level
of the national grid. Two parallel overhead
transmission lines will connect the site with the
transmission line between Denizli substation and
Afyon substation. In addition, it is presently
planned that a third transmission line will connect
the site directly with the Denizli substation.
Transmission lines required to connect to the
national grids are not part of the Project.


Figure ES-2: General flow diagram of a CCPP
Air
Natural gas
MWel
MW
el
Steamturbine
Exhaust stack
HRSG
Gas
turbine
Generator
Pump
Generator
MWel
Air
Natural gas
Exhauststack
HRSG
Generator
Air Cooled
Condenser
Gas
turbine
Steam
Water (Closed
Hot Turbine Exhaust
Cooled Exhaust
Air Intake

Consumptions and Releases
The key consumptions and releases to the
environment related to the power plant's
operations will comprise the following:
Fuel consumption;
Air emissions with the waste combustion gas;
Noise emissions from the turbines, the ACC,
and other equipment;
Raw-water demand particularly for the
water/steam cycle,
Water discharge from wastewater streams (e.g.
steam cycle blowdown, raw-water pre-
treatment residues, wastewater neutralisation,
oil/water separators, sanitary purposes);
Hazardous materials, used for operation and
maintenance;
Solid wastes, including sludge from
wastewater treatment.
Table NTS-1 lists the consumption and releases of
the power plant.
Fuel
The power plant will be fuelled with natural gas
supplied by BOTAS, which will be cleaned (i.e.
dust filtered) prior to its usage. The site will be
connected to a gas pipeline which passes the site in
the south. There is also a branch to this pipeline
serving the cement production plant (Denizli
imento) about 3.5 km west of the new power
plant.
The consumption of natural gas will be 2 x 14 kg/s
(145,000 m/h) for base load operation of both
turbines. The total thermal energy input of the
CCPP will be approx. 1,400 MW
th
.
Air Emissions
The main sources of emissions into the air are the
two stacks of the HRSGs. An additional source of
air emissions is the auxiliary boiler which is
operated only in case of start-up.
For normal operation the maximum concentrations
in the flue gas will be 50 mg/Nm for nitrogen
oxides (NOx expressed as NO
2
) due to the
installation of dry low-NOx burners. For carbon

monoxide (CO) the maximum concentration will
be 50 mg/Nm.
Sulphur content in the fuel is low; the
concentration of emitted SO
2
will be below
5 mg/Nm. Emissions of particulate matter (PM)
will also be low since the combustion process does
not generate PM. Only particles passing through
the intake filters will appear in the flue gas.
The maximum emission rates of NOx (as NO
2
) as
well as of CO are 95 kg/h for each gas turbine at
base load. Carbon dioxide (CO
2
) content in the flue
gas is approximately 138 t/h per turbine.
Noise Emissions
The relevant sources of noise at the power plant
are the gas turbines, the HRSGs, the steam turbine,
the air cooled condenser, compressors, and the
steam pressure pipeline. The equipment will be
fitted with noise attenuation packages so that the
applicable limit values will be kept.
The two HRSGs are equipped with one stack each.
Silencers are installed to abate noise emissions
generated by the waste gas streaming out the
stacks.
Water Demand
The CCPP will employ closed loop air cooled
condenser (ACC) cooling technology. This concept
constitutes system intrinsic water resources saving
technology. Typical adverse impacts on water
resources associated with wet cooling are avoided,
such as large cooling water volumes, high
evaporation losses, high amount of chemicals,
large cooling towers with vapour plumes. In
addition, a condensate polishing plant will be
installed to further reduce the amount of raw water
needed.
Raw-water is required for operation of the plant
will be stored in a1000 m
3
combined raw water /
fire fighting tank.
The water will be used for the demineralisation
plant (water/steam cycle, auxiliary boiler,
auxiliary cooling system), fire fighting water, other
services (e.g. cleaning or washing), make-up water
for heating, ventilation and air conditioning
(HVAC); and potable water.
Two groundwater wells will be used and for both
of them use permits from DSI were already taken.
Groundwater will be filtered and demineralised as
required.
Demineralised make-up water is used to cover the
loss of water that has to be drained off the closed
circle.
The average daily water consumption will be
around 200- 260 m/d. The maximum amount of
water demand will be up to 1000 m/day during
start-up and maintenance (filling of water and
steam cycles, auxiliary cooling system and
auxiliary boiler), emergencies and special
operation modes.
Discharge of Wastewater
Regeneration effluents are expected to be in a
range of 20 to 30 m/day after optimization of the
process during detailed design.
The wastewater streams generated in the power
plant are wastewater from plant operation
(demineralisation plant, steam cycle, neutralisation
tank, oil/water separators), sanitary wastewater
and storm water runoff.
All the collected wastewater will be directed to the
wastewater treatment plant. Due to the request of
the Employer during the detail engineering phase
of the plant the design shall be changed in such a
way that the wastewater stream can be divided in a
reusable flow which will be recirculated to the
demi plant and in a minimized flow of wastewater
which has to be discharged or transported to
nearby located larger wastewater treatment plant
for further treatment. The discharge of the
wastewater will be done according to Turkish and
International Standards for discharge into water
bodies. If the water quality is suitable the water
may be used for irrigation.
Sanitary wastewater, storm water runoff
The areas, where oil contaminated water can be
generated during normal operation will be
equipped with adequate facilities for oil/water
separation and suitable retention pits will be
provided
Sanitary wastewater will be collected in a septic pit
which serves as a settling tank (septic basin) for the
solid ingredients. The solid free water will be
transferred in a collecting basin and transported by
truck to a near by located wastewater treatment
plant.
Solid Wastes
Given the nature of operation as a natural gas
fuelled CCPP, only minor amounts of solid wastes
are generated. Beside conventional solid waste, i.e.
office and household wastes, and waste packaging

material, various water endangering or hazardous
wastes from repair and maintenance of the
equipment has to be disposed of.
Hazardous wastes generated on-site comprise, e.g.
waste laboratory chemicals, waste lubricants, oily
sludge from oil/water separators. All waste will be
properly managed and disposed of off-site in
accordance with the Turkish environmental
regulations and international standards.
Hazardous Materials
Beside the fuel a range of hazardous materials will
be used for operation or maintenance at the power
plant:
Diesel fuel is stored for the operation of the
emergency generators and fire fighting pumps.
Lubricants and hydraulic oils for maintenance
are stored in the oil storage at the workshop;
Acids and caustics for wastewater treatment
and for regeneration of the demineralisation
plant;
Additives for the closed water circuits
(antiscaling, anticorrosion, antifouling agents)
Small volumes of solvents and paints for
repair purposes;
Small volumes of chemicals for the laboratory;
and
Potentially hazardous wastes (used lubricants,
paints)
For the storage areas, safety measures imposed by
international standards and regulations will be
applied (e.g. contained storage, fire alarm, fire
fighting equipment).

Table NTS-1: Consumption and releases of the power plant
Combined Cycle Power Plant *
Configuration 2 GT + 2 HRSG + 1 ST
(GT gas turbine,
HRSG heat recovery steam generator,
ST steam turbine)
Fuel consumption Natural gas: 155 000 m/h
(maximum for both GTs)
Air emissions (main sources)
volume flow rate

pollutant emission rate:
- CO
- NO
x

- CO
2

-

SO
2

- PM

stack height
exhaust gas temperature

3.8 million Nm/h (for both gas turbines)

190 kg/h
190 kg/h
276 t/h
17 kg/h
19 kg/h

2 x 60 m
104 C
Water demand (ground water) max. 41.4 m/h (max. 11.5 l/s, altogether max.
approx. 1000 m/d)
average water demand after installation of all
water saving techniques estimated to be
9.5 m/h.
Wastewater Treatment by wastewater treatment plant
(neutralisation, oil/water separation etc).
It is intended to reuse the water at a maximum
extent in a closed cycle system.
A minimum wastewater amount will be
discharged or transported to a nearby larger

Combined Cycle Power Plant *
wastewater treatment plant to be treated in
accordance with the relevant environmental
standards
Sanitary wastewater discharge (3.0 m/h)

- COD
- BOD
- SS
- pH

septic pit
120 mg/l
45 mg/l
45 mg/l
6.0 9.0
Wastes
- sludge
- waste oils
- waste chemicals and paints
- non-hazardous waste

disposed, treated, reused via licensed waste
disposal contractors
Source: Feasibility Study of Denizli CCPP.
Table NTS-2: Emission concentrations of the power plant and applicable emission standards in
mg/m
Pollutant Emission
Concentration
Emission Standards
Denizli CCPP TR IFC EU
O
2
15% 15% 15% 15%
NOx (as NO
2
) < 50 75 51 (25 ppm) 50
CO < 50 100 Not specified Not specified
SO
2
< 5 60 Not specified 35 (3% O
2
)
PM 5 * No concentration
specified
Not specified 5
CO
2
76 g/m No concentration specified
* assumed to meet the EU standard
Sources:
TR: RCAPOIP Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Plants No 26236, 2006,
IFC: EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants, December 2008
Project Set-up
The CCPP will be developed by RWE & Turcas on
a Build-Own-Operate basis with RWE & Turcas
being overall responsible for financing,
construction, operation and maintenance. For
design and construction, RWE & Turcas engaged
an EPC contractor, METKA, responsible for
engineering, procurement, and construction of the
CCPP.
If possible local subcontractors will be used under
the direct supervision of the EPC contractor's
superintendents in order to combine technical
experience with the local experience and
knowledge of construction in Turkey.
The EPC contractor will be responsible for system
cleaning, flushing, and checkout and will start-up
the plant. Start-up will be performed with the
assistance of the plant operational and
management personnel for equipment operations
under the EPC contractor's supervisory direction.
The EPC contractor will be responsible for training
of the operations personnel.

Employment and Staffing
The expected staff to operate the 800 MW-CCPP
amount to approximately 35 40 FTE (Full time
Equivalent).
The plant will be operated on a 24-hours, seven
days per week basis, staffed by 4 shift teams (one
of them is spare), working in three 8-hours shifts.
Depending on the available personnel, the majority
of staff is intended to be Turkish with a good
educational background and the required
experience for each position.
Special skills and experience (with respect to
environmental issues) will be required for the
Assistant Plant Manager and the Laboratory Staff.
During the construction period, it is anticipated
that at maximum 350 to 400 employees will be
accessing the site. Typically, the employees will
work regularly in one shift (06:30-18:00 hours). For
special activities (like piling, etc) also two or three
shifts may be required.
The EPC contractor, Metka, is a company from
Greece. However, RWE & Turcas intends that local
Turkish labour (expected 80 to 90%) will be
recruited by the EPC Contractor wherever possible
and sufficiently skilled workers are available. The
maximum use shall be made of Turkish
subcontractors and suppliers wherever possible.
Plant Management
The plant management is in charge of
environmental, safety and quality assurance. Plant
management is responsible for the formulation and
implementation of fire fighting, safety and
environmental policies and management plans.
Plant management is also responsible for ensuring
that all operating procedures and standards are
correctly applied for the day to day operation and
maintenance of the plant.
Project Implementation Schedule
It is planned that establishment of the complete
CCPP combined cycle power plant, will be
accomplished within an estimated 2.5 years.
The main foundation works will require about
12 months in total. Civil works that are not
affecting the mechanical and electromechanical
works may extend beyond 12 months into other
periods of the construction phase.
The start of mobilization at site is preliminary
scheduled for the second quarter of 2010. The start
of commercial operation is scheduled in fourth
quarter of 2012.
3 Description of the Environment
Regional Context
The Project is located in the Aegean region, 280 km
southeast of Izmir, approximately 35 k m east of
the city of Denizli. The site is situated 1.8 km north
of Kaklk, 1.6 km west of Yokuba and 4.2 km
northeast of Aadadere village, all located in
Honaz District and 3.5 km northwest of Alikurt
village in Bozkurz District, Denizli Province.
Kaklik is located at the junctions of the national
roads D320 and D595, connecting Denizli with
Ankara via Afyon-Usak.
Denizli region is characterised by agricultural and
industrial activities (marble quarries, leather
factories). A cement factory is located
approximately 4.5 km west of the site. A touristic
cave is located approximately 2 km west of the site.
Topography
The region is structured by a valley extending in
west-eastern direction with mountainous areas in
the north and south. The site is located at the
foothills of a mountainous area in the north with
Mali Dagi Mountain as highest elevation (1275 m
a.s.l.).
The site has an elevation between approximately
545 and 595 m a.s.l and the terrain is ascending to
the north and the east. In the north western part of
the site an open pit is located. Slopes vary between
10-20% and are located in south-southwest
direction.
Land use
Approximately 20% of the area in the province is
settled area (settlements and commercial/
industrial areas). From the remaining 80% about
the half is forest area, the other part is
agriculturally used with mainly agricultural fields
and only few meadows or pastures.
Settlements
Besides Kaklik town (approx. 4500 inhabitants),
there are three villages, i.e. Yokuba (425),
Alikurt (650) and Aadadere (675), within the
5 km radius of the project site. All settlements
experienced significant population growth of about
10 to 20% since 2000 due to in-migration of
workers from other parts of the country.

Agriculture
In Denizli province approximately 80% of the
agricultural area is used as fields (mainly wheat,
corn, barley, sun flowers and anise), 12% are
vineyards and 4% each are fruits and vegetables
(e.g. cherries and grapes). Aalso livestock breeding
is performed (sheep, goat poultry and milk cattle).
Presently approximately one third of the regional
agricultural area is irrigated which will extend up
to 50% when all planned irrigation projects are
finalized.
An irrigation well is located southwest of the site
and an irrigation channel is leading through the
site along the western site border currently being
operated by the Kaklik Irrigation Cooperative.
The site was mainly used as agricultural land with
dry farming of wheat and barley.
Forest
The forests in the region comprise mainly
coniferous woods (such as Calabrian pine, Black
Pine, juniper and some cedar) and belong to the
state for production. No forest is present on site.
Forest areas are located north of the site at the hill
slopes, east of the site and south of the site at the
hill slopes on the southern part of the valley
Infrastructure
Kaklik town is located at the junction of Denizli-
Ankara-Afyon-Usak intercity highways. A railway
runs through Kaklik and connects to the main
railway lines of the country. The Denizli airport
Cardak is located approximately 20 km east of the
site. The approximately 1 km long road connection
form the highway to the site is presently an earth
road which will be upgraded and asphalted.
Industrial activities
The main industries of the area are leather and
textile industry as well as mining of marble,
limestone et al. Adjacent to the west of the project
site an industrial zone is planned to be established
with the purpose of leather production.
A cement factory is located 4.5 km west of the site.
Marble quarries located north of the site
(approximately 300 m).
Tourism
Approximately 2 km west of the site, the Kaklik
cave is located with a swimming pool in close
vicinity, a nature protection area which was
opened to tourism Approximately 40,000 people
are visiting the facilities per year.
Spatial Planning
The site is designated as natural gas fired
combined cycle power plant in the 1:100.000
regional plan (25 August 2009)
At municipal level, no spatial plans were present
for the site, so that two plans where prepared for
the Project. Both plans, the 1:5000 scale
Development Plan and 1:1000 scale
Implementation Plan were approved by Kaklk
Municipality on 5th September, 2008.
As part of the procedure to establish the two plans,
a decision has been taken by Denizli Province Soil
Protection Board on 22
nd
August 2008 to use the
project area for other than the agricultural
purposes.
Geology
Lithologic units consisting of sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks ranging in age from Palaeozoic
to Quaternary are present in the area. The
basement rocks are composed, from bottom to top,
of gneiss, schist and marble units which are
impervious and Mesozoic karstic limestone. These
rocks are overlain by Oligocene fluvial and
lacustrine strata, Pliocene travertine and limestone,
and Quaternary alluvium.
A large part of the study site is located in Neogene
aged Kzlburun Formation (pebbles, sandstones,
clays), Plio-Quaternary aged old alluvium terraces
(pebbles), and Quaternary aged alluviums
(pebbles, sand, silt and clay).
Tectonics and Seismicity
Earthquakes
The site is included in the ukurova Basin
complex: Pamukkale-Karahayt fault in the North,
Babada-Denizli fault in the south, and Honaz
fault in the east of the basin are the main
earthquake producing faults in the region.
Earthquakes to affect Denizli and its vicinity may
be expected and a large number of earthquakes
occurred in the past. Upon all assessments,
earthquakes with low-mid magnitudes (M: 4.9-6.8)
may be expected in Denizli and its vicinity in the
future.
The centre of Denizli province, as well as the
project site is recognized to be within the 1st
degree earthquake risk region (with basic seismic
coefficient 0.4). As result, the land buildings and
land based structures for this project will be
designed to withstand ground accelerations of
0.4g.

The study site is located on quaternary period
alluvium units with thicknesses varying between
50 to 150 meters. Fault zones under the alluvium
are traceable in the main rocks. However, no fault
has been identified in the alluvium units in the
project site and its vicinity.
According to Turkish legislation the relevant
provisions of the Regulation on the Buildings to
be Constructed in Disaster Areas will be strictly
complied with during the planning stage of the
buildings to be constructed during the construction
phase of the proposed project.
Soils
In the study area, mainly brown forest soils and
alluvial soils are present. The brown soils are
observed in the mountains under forest, are
shallow and suffer from erosion so that they are
classified as soil type VII, i.e. they are no fertile
soils which are strongly influence by water erosion,
stoniness and saltiness.
Colluvial soils are present at the bottom parts of
the slopes and in the river valley.They are usually
fertile soils but often needs to be irrigated.
Colluvial soils are observed in the middle and in
western parts of the site (not irrigated) and are
classified as soil type II i.e. fertile soils. However,
due to the slopes, the colluvial soil is endangered
by erosion.
Hydrogeology and Ground Water
On the project site Quaternary alluvial deposits
with a thickness of about 32 m overlay
conglomeratic bedrock. The alluvial layer
comprises Neogene and late Miocene units
consisting of sand, clay, gravel and mixtures of
these.
Shallow groundwater was encountered in the
alluvial deposits and upper layers of conglomerate
between 26 and 38 m below ground level (bgl). In
the vicinity of the site, groundwater is used by the
irrigation cooperatives in Kaklik and Yokusbasi.
Approximately 15 mio m groundwater per year
are used for irrigation purposes in the vicinity of
the site. Groundwater shows high sulphate
concentration due to geogene background levels.
Hydrology/Surface Waters
The project area drains to the west and finally to
Byk Menderes River which is the largest river in
Denizli Province and one of the biggest rivers in
Turkey.
Approximately 2.8 km south of the site, the
rksu (Aksu, Emir) River passes by which
collects waters from the Honaz Mountain in the
south, as well as from the Kaklik regions and flows
finally into the Menderes River. rksu River is
usually almost dry during the summer months.
Approximately 500 m to the northwest, aykara
creek passes the site. Approximately 500 m east of
the site Hasil creek is located. Both creeks are
temporary streamlets. A former branch of Hasil
stream diverts from the creek to the west and
passes through the site as dry river bed which has
lost its stream characteristics due to excavation
works approximately 25 years ago.
An irrigation channel (Kaklik Irrigation
Cooperative) passes through the western part of
the Project area (300 m inside the boundary).
Climatic Conditions
In terms of climatic characterisation the Denizli
Province is located at the transition zone from the
subtropical-mediterranean Aegean Climate at the
coast to a more Continental Climate. Summers are
hot and dry. Winters are mild but cooler than at
the coast.
Based on the meteorological station in Denizli the
long term average for annual precipitation is
556 mm. Temperature varies from -10.5 C to 42.4
C with an average of 16.1 C. The average
sunshine hours range between 3.75 and 12 hours.
The wind regime in the Denizli region exhibits
prevailing wind directions from north-northwest
(NNW) and west-northwest (WNW).
While the long-term average wind speed is only
1.1 m/s (4 km/h), strong winds of up to 29 m/s
(105 km/h, hurricane) were also recorded.
Air Quality
The Project area of the CCPP can be characterized
as a mixture of primary rural land use with some
industrial sources (cement factory, limestone and
marble quarries) as well as roads, a railway and
household emissions.
For characterisation of the current ambient air
quality, nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
), sulphur dioxide
(SO
2
), and particulate matter are the pollutants of
interest. Their concentrations were measured at
35 sampling locations for two one month periods
between June and August 2008 by means of
passive sampling. Additionally, spot samplings for
particulate matter (PM
10
) were taken in June 2008
at two locations on the proposed power plant site.

The results obtained at the sampling locations
revealed a broad variation and an average NO
2

concentration of 11 g/m. The average
concentration of all samples was 6.9 g/m for SO
2
.
For PM
10
the measured concentrations were about
10 g/m.
All applicable national standards were met. Also
the international standards (IFC; EU) were met and
hence, in terms of the IFC air quality evaluation,
the baseline ambient air quality in the air shed is
non-degraded.
Ambient Noise
In June 2008 the baseline of ambient noise was
measured at five locations in the vicinity of the
proposed CCPP site. The measured day time levels
range between 36 dB (A) and 52 dB (A) with the
higher values in the settlements. The measured
night time levels range between 38 dB (A) and
53 dB (A).
These results meet the Turkish day time noise
standard of 65 dB (A) as well as the IFC standard
for residential areas of 55 dB (A). While the
Turkish standard of 55 dB (A) for night time levels
is met, the IFC night time standard of 45 dB (A)
was exceeded at the receptor point located in
Kaklik which is considered to being affected by the
highway traffic.
Ecological Resources
Flora and Habitats
A significant part of the site is used for dry
agricultural activities (wheat and barley). The
remaining parts are covered by fallow land, and
maquis.
Due to human activities hardly any natural
vegetation within the area except some scrubby
vegetation in the east part was found during the
field study. No natural forest exists within the site.
As result of the field studies, 163 flora species were
identified in a study of 5 km around the site.
Endangered Species were determined according to
IUCN categories and Turkish Red Lists (Ekim et.
al., 2000), as well as to BERN Convention. Among
the 163 plant species, nine are endemic to Turkey.
One of them is classified as regional endemic but is
abundant in Denizli and its vicinity. Eight are
common endemic which means that they are wider
spread than regional ones - either in Aegean
Region or in whole Turkey.
Fauna
Faunal diversity within the study area of 5 km is
relatively poor. Threatened species and habitats for
wild life were evaluated according to IUCN
categories, Turkish Red List and BERN
Convention. In addition the status of birds and
mammals in respect of Central Hunting
Commission Circular (2008-2009) was identified.
Fauna findings include six reptile species. One of
the amphibian species is classified as "vulnerable
(VU)" by IUCN but is found to be common and
widespread in Turkey. Two amphibian species
were identified. All of the reptile and amphibian
species identified in the study area are widespread
either through Turkey or Aegean Region.
In total seven mammal species were identified.
One of them is classified as "vulnerable (VU)" by
IUCN, but is common and widespread in Turkey.
18 bird species were found; 11 are non-passerines
and 7 are passerines. Most are resident (native)
species that are observed throughout the year in
the same area, but are not nesting or breeding in
the site. Others are summer visitors that are
widespread in several regions in Turkey.
Five bird species were found to be nesting in the
impact area. No endemic or IUCN listed bird
species were found. The site and its vicinity are not
within bird migration routes.
In total, 33 fauna species were observed within the
study area of 5km around the site. 30 are listed as
endangered according to Bern Convention,
23 fauna species are listed on the Turkish Red List.
All identified species are common and widespread
in Aegean Region as well as in whole Turkey.
Within the study area, no wildlife protection area
is present according to Decree 9453 (2005).
Cultural heritage
According to information from the Directorate of
Museum of the Denizli Provincial Culture and
Tourism Directorate no cultural heritage is present
in the site or its vicinity.
Landscape and Visual Amenity
The power plant will be located at the foot of the
Mali Dagi mountainous area in the mainly covered
with forest (Pinus brutia) whereas the valley is
agriculturally used or is covered with
maquis/steppe vegetation. The elevation
difference between the valley and the northern
mountain is approximately 700 m

Greenish-brown colours from the forest are
prevailing in the mountains, beige-brown colours
from rare vegetation and agricultural fields are
prevailing in the plain. are Further prominent
landscape feature in the vicinity of the site are
quarries and the cement factory assumed to be of
the same height as the planned CCPP (appro.x.
60 m).The settlements in the vicinity are rural
Socio-economic Situation
In 2007 Denizli Province had 907,325 inhabitants
and Honaz District showed a population of
28,941 inhabitants. In the same year 6,278 people
lived within the project area.
The employment rates are quite low in the area,
with 68% for males and only 12% for females. The
main livelihood sources are the nearby industries
(marble, stone and cement industry, leather and
textile, construction). Farming (wheat, barley,
grape, cumin, cotton, quince, peach and sunflower)
comes as the second most common occupation for
both males and females.
The annual incomes vary greatly between 720-
33,600YTL/year, with an average of approximately
10,000YTL/year. Approximately 32% of the
families are engaged in subsistence farming. By
Turkish national standards, the overwhelming
majority (84%) of people in the study area are poor.
Following the national trend, the project area is
found to be very homogenous in terms of ethnicity
(native Turkish) and religion (Muslim).
Women headed households comprised
approximately 9% of the households in the project
area. Main reason for becoming the head appears
to be the death of the husband. Lack of
employment opportunities appeared to be the
main concern of women in the area.
The average duration of education is 6.8 years for
males and 5.3 years for females.The adult illiteracy
rate is 3.8% for males and 19% for females.
The public health situation in Turkey has some
weaknesses. Denizli, when compared to other
regions, benefits from higher densities of health
professionals, better access to preventive health
care and lower rates of infectious diseases. In
general the health conditions in the project area
were observed to be good.
Concerning land tenure the majority of the farmers
hold title deeds for their lands and informal
agreements are not common in the area.
Groundwater is the main source of water in all the
settlements. While Asagidagdere, Alikurt and
Yokusbasi have their own wells, Kaklik's water is
piped from the neighbouring Sapaca village. 90%
of people use the tap water for also drinking
purposes.
All residents have access to improved sanitation.
There is a natural wastewater treatment plant in
Alikurt; however it is no longer working. In
Yokusbasi, the wastewater is collected in a septic
tank before discharge. There are no treatment
systems in Kaklik and Asagidagdere. All the
wastewater is discharged into dry and semi-dry
river beds.
All the houses in the project area have electricity.
Electricity cuts (1 to 3 times per month) and
repeated changes in voltage are commonly
reported problems. Coal and wood are the main
sources of heating fuel.
The domestic wastes of Alikurt and Kaklik are
collected by the Kaklik municipality and dumped
into the designated garbage disposal site. Other
villages do not practise any waste management
and dump their wastes irregularly.
Other than Kaklik (regular buses), none of the
settlements have their own public transportation.
Key development issues are:
Need for investments and employment
opportunities;
Construction of inner roads;
Education (primary schools in Kaklik);
Transportation facilities to Denizli and
workplaces;
Recreational facilities (park, playgrounds for
children, library, cinema facilities, restaurants
etc);
Solid waste management;
Sufficient and better irrigation facilities;

4 Alternati ves
No Action Option
The need for the project has been described in
Section 1. The "no action" alternative, i.e. not to
pursue with the implementation of the Project,
would result in an increasing electricity supply
deficit as demand increases in future years. A lack
of a secure and reliable electricity generation and
supply system raises significant negative social,
economic and environmental implications

Alternative Sites
The Kaklik site in Denizli Province was compared
against other sites in Samsun, Adana and zmir
Province. The Kaklik site was selected since it
combines the main advantages of all sites. It is
located nearby an existing gas pipeline. The length
of the connection to the electricity grid will be
limited compared to the other sites. In addition, the
site is located close to existing roads. The area is
economically developing and thus creating
demand for energy. The number of land owners is
limited and land purchase could be based on
negotiations with the owners. The location of the
site in first degree earthquake area will be handled
through a structural design appropriate for this
site.
Since the Kaklik site is agriculturally used it was
also investigated whether there is an available site
in an industrial zone in Denizli region, but no
available or suitable site for the power plant was
found.
Fuel
The CCPP will be fuelled solely by natural gas.
Alternative fossil fuels for power generation are
coal and oil. Non fossil fuels are based on biomass.
Compared to oil and coal, natural gas has the
following advantages:
No on site storage requirements (big storage
tanks are required for oil and large stockpiles
for coal, which poses a risk for soil respectively
coal dust emissions);
Transportation by pipeline which causes no
traffic;
Combustion of natural gas generates less air
emissions than burning of oil and coal which
comprise SO
2
, soot, particulate matter and
heavy metals in addition;
The specific emissions of pollutants (quantity
of pollutant per unit energy generated - i.e.
kg/kWh) are less for natural gas;
The emissions of greenhouse gases is the
lowest for natural gas combustion;
Burners for natural gas have higher energy
generating;
Discharge of waste heat is lowest due to the
higher energy efficiency
No solid wastes generation like slag or filter
ash from air emission control systems;
Disadvantages when using natural gas are the
potential hazard risk related to the handling of a
flammable gas, the requirement of pipeline
infrastructure, and the general consumption of a
fossil resource which generates greenhouse gas
(CO
2
) emissions.
Alternative Power Generation Techniques
Non fossil/regenerative power generation is based
on biomass, wind, solar energy, or hydropower.
These power generation techniques depend on
specific requirements which have to be present at a
site:
Burning of biomass could be an option only in
case the required large quantities would be
available for base load operation, which is not
anticipated.
Power generation from wind power requires
very large wind farms to reach the 800 MWel
capacity of the CCPP with a respective
occupation of land which is not available in the
region of Denizli, even if there is adequate
speed and continuity of wind in the region;
For solar energy the same applies; solar power
plants of 800 MWel capacity to date are not
available as standard and cannot serve for base
load electricity generation due to their
dependency on sunlight fluctuation;
From their nature, wind and solar energy are
no continuous energy sources and not reliable
to provide for a base load;
Hydropower can only be utilized in regions
where large quantities of water are available in
combination with the ability to collect water by
means of a dam and/or to utilize a difference
in height. Such situation is not given in the
region of Denizli;
Process Technology
Power plants for electricity generation from
natural gas firing are based on gas turbines. Open
cycle gas turbines can achieve an efficiency of some
30-35 %. By coupling with a steam turbine, the
efficiency is extended significantly. With an
efficiency of approximately 57 %, the combined
cycle technology of the Denizli CCPP will make a
most efficient use of the natural gas fuel.
This technology represents the best available
technology in terms of both efficiency of electricity
production and minimisation of environmental
impacts (low-NOx).
The combination of two gas turbines as chosen for
the CCPP provides a higher power supply safety

than only one gas turbine (i.e. if one gas turbine is
disconnected).
The key plant layout decision is about the cooling
technology. The CCPP will be equipped with air
cooled condensers (ACCs). Potential cooling
system alternatives are direct (once through)
water cooling and indirect water cooling by
means of evaporative cooling towers. From the
environmental perspective ACC cooling
technology has several advantages:
ACC technology requires comparatively little
raw water and allows for water resources
saving operation (no extraction of large
volumes of groundwater or surface waters for
wet cooling.);
No discharge of cooling water and no thermal
plume;
No cooling towers are needed;
In addition, to minimize potential effects on
groundwater levels, several water saving
techniques were included in the design such as a
condensate polishing plant and reuse of water to a
maximum extent.
5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts
and Mitigation Measures
Land use Impacts
The actual agricultural land use of the site (dry
farming) has changed to industrial land use. Thus,
the local development plan 1:5.000 and
implementation plan 1:1.000 have been approved
on 5
th
September 2008. The authorities (Denizli
Province Soil Protection Board and finally Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) approved to use
the project area for energy generation area.
The potential impact on the economic situation of
the farmers is dealt with in section on social and
socio-economic impact. No adverse impact on land
use is expected from the Project.
Ambient Air Quality
Actual ambient air levels for the 800 MW CCPP
were determined by ambient air measurements in
June-August 2008. In order to determine the effect
of operation of the power plant on the
environment, the increments of the ground level
concentration caused by the plant emissions was
calculated by means of dispersion modeling.
During operation, the exhaust gas of the gas
turbines of the plant will be released to the
atmosphere via two 60 m high stacks. Given the
use of natural gas as fuel solely for the CCPP, the
only significant air pollutant emissions to be
expected from plant operations are nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). For both
substances, the emission concentrations will be
below 50 mg/m. Emissions of sulphur dioxide
and particulate matter are negligible. Based on a
maximum sulphur content of 110 mg/m in the
natural gas supplied by BOTAS (low-sulphur gas),
the maximum hourly emission rate with the
exhaust gas is about 8.5 kg SO
2
for each stack. The
concentration of particle emissions can be
considered to be below the European standard of
5 mg/m for gas turbines.
Operation of the auxiliary boiler will be limited to
only few hours of the year and when the plant is
not fully operating (minor emission source which
will not affect the ambient air situation in a
significant way).
At standard design conditions a flue gas volume
flow rate of about 1.9 million Nm/h (dry) will be
emitted from each stack at a temperature of 104C
for base load operation.
For the ambient air quality assessment for CCPP
operation two different models were used for the
local EIA and ESIA: Gaussian Dispersion Model
and Lagrangian Dispersion Model. For the
calculation, operation throughout an entire year
(8,760 hours) was presumed, which neglects that
operation actually is interrupted by e.g.
maintenance. Calculations were performed for an
area of 16 km x 16 km. (10 km x 10 km in the local
EIA).
Ambient air standards applicable for the power
plant are compiled and compared to the emissions
of the plant in Table NTS-3. The international
standards are taken from the IFC - General EHS
Guidelines and regulations issued in the European
Union.
Some ambient air quality standards have to be
linked to a certain modeling approach. The
European standards, for example, require
modeling which is adapted to the standards, to
evaluate a standard allowing for a certain number
of exceedings as a statistical parameter.


Table NTS-3: Ambient Air impact of the CCPP
Pollutant Reference
Period
CCPP

Limit / Guideline Values
Calc. max. impact at settlement
areas
Calc.
max
impact
in
airshed
K
a
k
l
i
k

Y
o
k
u
s
b
a
s
i

A
l
i
k
u
r
t

A
s
a
g
i
d
a
g
d
e
r
e

NO2
(g/m)
Annual
Daily
1 hour (18 exc.)
3

1 hour max
2

1.2
-
33
76
0.50.8
-
14 24
15 - 26
0.1 - 0.2
-
7 14
10 - 19
0.3
-
22 - 24
26 - 33
0.7 - 0.8
-
23 26
24 - 28
100 (TU); 40 (30
3
) (EU); 40 (G)
4
(IFC)
300 (TU)
200
5
(EU); 200 (G)
6
(IFC)
-
CO
(g/m)
Annual
Daily
Hourly (8h)
Since the maximum emissions are equal to
NO2, the increments for NO2 can be taken
for CO
10,000 (TU)
30,000 (TU)
10,000 (EU)
SO2
(g/m)
Annual
Daily
1 hour (24 exc.)
2

1 hour
1 hour max
1

-
-
< 4
< 0.1
8
-
-
<3
< 0.1
< 3
150 (TU); [50] 20
7
(EU)
400 (TU); 125 (EU); 125/50/20 (T1/T2/G)* (IFC)
350 (EU); 500 (10 min.) (IFC)
-
PM10
+

(g/m)
Annual
Daily
Since the maximum emissions are equal to
SO2 and PM10 particles behave like gases,
the increments for SO2 can be taken for
PM10
150 (TU); 70/50/30/20* (IFC); 40 (EU)
300 (TU); 150/100/75/50
4
(IFC); 50
8
(EU)

Dust
depositio
n
(mg/md)
Annual - - 450** (TU); [350] (EU)
* Air Quality Evaluation and Management Regulation (AQEMR) published in the Official Gazette number 26898, dated June 6, 2008
** Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Plants (RCAPOIR) published in the Official Gazette number 26236,
dated 22.07.2006
+
airborne particles with aerodynamic diameter of 10 m or less)

2
Maximum hour of year
3
The standard is applicable only for remote areas and ecosystems with no industries within about 30 km distance. Thus it is not
applicable to the Project.
4
The standard may be exceeded up to 24 times per year (according to the European ambient air quality standards defined as 1
hour limit but allowing for a number of exceedings. This means that the 18 highest averages of the year are excluded. As a first
and conservative approach, the calculated values can be interpreted as reference 24 hours maximum, however, overestimating
the actual 24-hours average.)
5
The standard may be exceeded up to 18 times per year (as allowed per the standard of the European Directive 1999/30/EC)
6
T1/T2/T3/G - IFC interim target-1 / interim target-2 / interim target-3 / Guideline value:
The guideline values provided in the IFC General EHS Guidelines are adopted from the WHO Ambient Air Quality Guideline
2005. The guideline values cascade down from higher to lower levels indicated as 'interim-target 1' through 'interim-target 3' to
end up at the 'guideline value' with the lowest concentration and highest ambient air quality. Interim-targets take into
consideration that achievement of the guideline value in undeveloped or developing countries requires long-term development
and improvement effort.
7
The standard is applicable only for remote areas and ecosystems with no industries within about 30 km distance. Thus it is not
applicable to the Project.
8
The standard may be exceeded up to 35 times per year.

Local and Regional Climate
The site is located in a valley. Therefore the
buildings of the power plant will not form a
significant hindrance for local wind field and air
transport. As there are no high buildings in the
neighborhood no wind funnel or other effects on
the local wind fields are anticipated. The
operation of ACCs will not produce a vapor
plume like it is known from cooling towers
where high volumes of vapor is drafted into the
atmosphere. Therefore no effects like increased
humidity or additional fog creation on cool days
in the neighborhood of the power plant are
expected to occur.
It is not expected that the CCPP will have any
significant effects on local or regional climate.
Local Temperature
The combined cycle process is using waste heat
from burning of gas. The remaining heat is
discharged via the stack. There are two main
sources of thermal energy, namely the energy
contained in the flue gas emitted from the stacks
(137 MW) and the heat transferred into the
ambient air by means of the ACC (450 MWth).
The stack emission is dispersed along the plume
in a similar way than the air pollutants but with
an additional reduction related to the exchange
of energy with the air outside the plume. Even
when ignoring the latter effect, the dilution in the
plume in the most adverse situation is at least
1:600. When taking an exemplary ambient
temperature of 20 C and a flue gas temperature
of about 104C, the short-term ground level
temperature increase will be not more than
0.15 C.
From the ACCs approximately 32 degrees warm
air is rising (air throughput of 22,000 m/s). The
dilution factor required to ensure a temperature
increase of less than 1 C is about 1:12. It can be
assumed that such dilution is reached in the
ACC's air stream after only a short time and
distance.
Since the ACC fans lift the up-heated cooling air
into the atmosphere, no significant waste energy
flow will reach the ground.
It has also to be noted that the issue of potentially
increased ground level ambient temperature
caused by operation of a cooling tower or an
ACC is no matter of concern for power plant
projects. Neither the IFC guideline nor the EU
BREF or international regulations address this
topic due to the non-existing relevance.
Greenhouse Effect
The power plant will be solely fired with natural
gas, which generates CO
2
that contributes to the
Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming.
However, no other greenhouse gases like i.e.
methane (CH
4
), nitrous oxide (N
2
O), are
generated by combustion of natural gas.
The specific CO
2
emission rate of the Denizli
power plant will be approximately 357 g per
kWh of electricity generated (i.e. 2.4 million tons
per year based on 8,400 hours base load
operation and 276 t/h CO
2
emission).
The emissions of CO
2
from fuel burning in
Turkey amounted to around 313 million t/a in
2005 (1st National Communication, 2007).
Compared to these CO
2
emissions, the Project
will account for approximately 0.8 %.
Noise Impact
Construction and operation of the new CCPP will
involve sources of noise, e.g. turbines, air cooled
condenser. The actual sound characteristics as
well as the sound absorbing features of the noise
sources will be specified through the detailed
design by the EPC Contractor.
To assess the impacts of operation noise of the
CCPP two indicative noise predictions were
conducted. A first preliminary modelling was
conducted in the course of the EIA-process under
Turkish law and already demonstrated
compliance with Turkish law, based on the
engineering available at the time (August 2008).
In line with the progress in planning and
engineering of the CCPP a second prediction was
carried out in January 2010. The aim of the study
was to answer the question on whether or not an
adverse noise exposure has to be expected for the
neighbourhood settlements and which mitigation
measures should be considered, if required to
meet the international noise standards. This
modelling is based on a conservative plausible
worst-case approach and also considered
meteorological conditions, attenuation effects of
buildings and plant layout effect.
The following tables present the findings of the
modelling for the nearest inhabitated areas
cumulated the findings of the baseline
measurements and the relevant noise standards

Table NTS-4: Cumulative Noise levels at the
settlements
Kaklik
(IP2)
Yokusbasi
(IP1)
Daytime Leq Baseline 51.6 50.5
Daytime Leq Modeling 43.0 40.0
Daytime Leq
Cumulative
52,2 50.9
Night time Baseline 52.7 40.0
Night time Modeling 43.0 40.0
Night time Cumulative 53.1 43.0

Table NTS-5: Noise standards (Turkey and IFC)
Standard dB(A)
Turkey daytime standard 65
Turkey night time standard 55
IFC daytime standard 55*
IFC night time standard 45*
According to IFC EHS Guidelines (2007) noise impacts should
not exceed these levels or result in a maximum increase in
background levels of 3 dB at the nearest receptor location off-site.

For Kaklik the measured baseline was
significantly higher than the noise impact of the
CCPP. Therefore the plant's contribution to the
cumulative noise level is very small. Since the
dB(A) scale is a logarithmic scale, the increase of
the baseline caused by the plant will be not more
than 0.6 dB(A) for daytime and 0.4 dB(A) for
night time.
In Yokusbasi the background for daytime was
higher whereas the one for night time was
approximately the same as the calculated noise
from the CCPP. Therefore the plant's
contribution to the cumulative level was 0.4 B(A)
and 3.0 dB(A) for the day and the night time
respectively.
Given these results, the Turkish noise standards
are met at the two settlements for both, the day
and the night time. With respect to the IFC
standards, the cumulative daytime levels and the
night time level for Yokusbasi (IP1) will meet the
respective standard. However, for the night time
the levels in Kaklik (IP2) exceed the standard. On
the other side the contribution of the CCPP to the
cumulative noise level of 53.1 dB(A) during night
time is a mere 0.4 dB(A) which effect will not be
perceptible. The additional criterion from IFC
that the incremental noise from a plant shall not
increase the baseline by more than 3 dB(A) was
met for Kaklik and Yokusbasi.
The input data for the modelling are based on
data provided by the project proponent. The
detail design will give raise to some
modifications which can lead to different noise
levels. The modelling should be repeated with
the respective figures.
During construction, vehicles will be moving on
the site area and on the access road. Noisy
activities may occur over short periods during
piling, concrete pumping, outdoor usage of
machines (e.g. saw, compressed air tools) and
activities like hammering.
All these noise sources are typical for
construction activities and may temporarily
cause elevated noise levels in the site's vicinity.
The anticipated average noise level of these
sources adds-up to a total noise power of less
than 114 dB (A) as estimate for the entire
construction site.
A comparison with the results for the plant
operation which is based on a Lw of 122 dB/A
shows that the estimated impact will be about
8 dB (A) lower than predicted for the operation.
Based on this, the noise impact for Kaklik and
Yokusbasi caused by the construction works will
be around 40 dB (A).
Operation of noisy equipment will be limited to
the daytime. The baseline measurements show
that the daytime noise levels at the receptor
points are higher than the estimated construction
noise. Given the distance and the presence of
other noise sources like public traffic, it can be
expected that the noise impact is acceptable for
the neighborhood.
The overall duration of the civil works is
envisaged to last for more than two years. The
activities will change over time and the noise
sources will vary accordingly.
Vibration
Vibration from plant operation will be
imperceptible beyond the site boundary as
rotating equipment will be correctly balanced
and equipment will be vibration isolated.
Measurement of vibration from construction
plants have shown that, even from heavy
construction activity, i.e. percussive piling,
vibration levels typically fall to imperceptibility
beyond approximately 100 m from the vibration
source. From other sources of vibration, such as

excavators, bulldozers and heavy goods vehicles,
imperceptibility levels are reached at much
shorter distances. Furthermore, construction
activities are expected only for a limited period of
time and will be limited to the daytime.
Operational Health and Safety Issues
Risks were identified at different operation units
of the power plant, in particular at: generator and
turbine areas, electrical rooms, transformer area,
cable tunnels and storage facilities for chemicals.
Major accident hazards or emergencies with the
potential for injury, impairment and/or damage
with potential risk to third parties, facilities, or
populations that may occur in thermal power
plants are: fire, explosions, electrocutions and
spillages (oil, acid, chemicals). In addition,
hazards particular to gas fuelled facilities are
basically: the loss of containment, internal gas
explosion and catastrophic failure of rotating
machinery.
Given the measures incorporated into the design
of the plant to minimize the risk from fire and
explosion, as well as from electrocution and
spillages, major disasters are considered as
unlikely. In addition, since natural gas will be
delivered to the plant by pipeline, there will be
no natural gas storage facilities on site.
Furthermore, no hazardous chemicals will be
held on site in quantities sufficient to pose a
major hazard.
Employees will be trained on how to avoid
accidents (e.g. training for fire fighting, first aid,
rescue and emerging assistance). Fire fighting is
provided by CO
2
fire fighting system at the
turbine units and fire fighting water.
The project operator will develop an HSE
Management System and Emergency Response
Plan (ERP) which includes general management
system requirements i.e. policy development,
organization, planning and measurement,
review, audit and specifically emergency
response instructions and which will be part of
the Operation Manual based upon established
standard manual. The ERP will cover inter alia
chemical spills and releases, disasters like fire
and explosions, natural hazards management
(e.g. earthquake, storms) and civil unrest.
Electrical Magnetic Fields (EMF)
The effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on
human health have been a permanent highly
disputed issue in recent years, in particular long
term exposure to EMF arising from installations
such as transmission lines. Authoritative,
internationally recognized epidemiological
studies to date have failed to establish a reliable
causal relationship between exposure to EMF
and disease, leukemia being the main concern.
Based on the findings available, the International
Conference on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
(ICNRP) has recommended precaution limit
values for long term tolerable exposure to low
frequency fields (50 Hz):
100 T magnetic field
5 KV /m electric field
These limit values are internationally widely
accepted, e.g. also EU Council Recommendation
(1999/519/EC) 12 July 1999 on the limitation of
exposure of the general public to electromagnetic
fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) for 50 Hz recommends
the ICNRP limits.
EMF sources of the CCPP basically are
generators, transformers, switchyards and
transmission line connection.
In principal, the highest magnetic fields will
occur inside the switchyard perimeter fence and
under the power export transmission lines.
Electrical fields from the switchyard will be
blocked by the metal perimeter fence. EMF levels
decay with increasing distance from the
transmission lines and the transformers. The
comparison with established planning guides
suggests that the CCPP and connected
transmission lines will be of no concerns
provided that relevant distances to residential
and publicly used areas will be kept.
The German Federal/Laender Immission
Protection Committee (LAI, 2004) provides
planning guidance in form of precaution EMF
safeguard minimum distance for 50 Hz
installations to residential areas in relation to the
voltage level. For 380-kV transmission lines the
minimum distance should be 20 m.
Interference with other facilities or activities
The CCPP plant is located in a mixed agricultural
and industrially used area. The existing cement
factory and marble quarries are a source of dust
emission which requires appropriate filters for
the CCPP to prevent its intake. Directly
bordering to the west, an organized industrial
area for leather industry is planned. It is assumed
that the planned facilities will not have any

interference with the power plant regarding air
emission, noise or other emissions. However, it is
presently not known if potential competing users
of groundwater resources will exist which should
be considered in the ongoing hydro-geological
study.
The site is located about 20 km to the west of
Denizli airport and is not in a direct approach
route for civil aviation. The exhaust stacks will be
equipped with obstruction lighting as per
international practice (continuously red marker
lights during night time.) and the specific
requirements of the Aviation Authority.
No local communication routes or pathways are
located on the site of the planned CCPP. The
existing earth road connecting the site with the
national road will be upgraded and extended
which is also in benefit to other users of the road
(marble industry, farmers). The enhancement of
the road lies within the responsibility of the
Kaklik Municipality. No expropriation is
foreseen for this subject.
The increased traffic during construction time
may pose a safety risk on the conjunction of the
site connection road with national road D595. In
the transport logistics study to be carried out by
the EPC contractor.
Provided that appropriate safety aspects of the
conjunction of the connection road to the main
road are carried out, there is no adverse
interference with other facilities or activities.
Solid Waste Management
A natural gas fuelled power plant produces no
ash and only a low quantity of other solid wastes
during construction and operation. These include
the following:
Construction waste: contaminated spoil, oil
drums, etc.;
General plant wastes: oily rags, broken and
rusted metal and machine parts, defective or
broken electrical parts, empty containers,
miscellaneous refuse, waste chemicals from
laboratory;
Raw water pre-treatment sludge: residues of
the raw water pre-treatment system (e.g.
sand-filter back-wash, iron sludge);
Wastewater treatment: waste sludge from
neutralization, belt filter residue, sludge
from oil separators, sludge from drainage
interceptors used to remove solids and oils
and grease from effluent;
Packaging waste: from operational
consumable supplies;
Commercial wastes: from offices and staff
facilities;
The amounts of sludge residuals from raw water
treatment and wastewater treatment will be
limited. Wastes generated at and by the plant will
be disposed of from the site by licensed
contractors. Final disposal of wastes will be to
waste treatment plants or sanitary landfill sites,
as agreed by the relevant competent
administrative authority. All solid waste will be
segregated into different waste types, collected,
recorded and stored on site in designated storage
facilities.
A waste management plan will be set up and an
environmental engineer will be responsible for
solid waste management at the site. The impacts
of solid waste generated by the construction and
operation of the power plant are not predicted to
be significant.
Impact on Water
Groundwater:
Construction activities could potentially result in
the release of effluents to surface or groundwater.
After assembly and welding, the HRSGs and
pipe duct system as well as other facilities require
thorough cleaning before test operation This will
be a source of polluted wastewater which
requires adequate treatment. These wastewater
streams will be announced to the authorities and
respective permits will be obtained
No construction time impacts on surface and
groundwater resources could be identified
provided that the Contractor implements the
following construction management measures
are applied properly (good site practice):
Any flows of potentially contaminated
washing waters e. g. from boiling out of the
HRSGs will be stored temporarily in a
dedicated basin and will be disposed off site
only after suitable neutralization and
treatment (including filtering of particles) by
a licensed Contractor. The Contractor will
apply suitable laboratory testing equipment
to ensure that the Turkish effluent standards
will be met for the final discharge of any
treated effluents.

Sanitary wastewater will be collected in a
septic pit which serves as a settling tank
(septic basin) for the solid ingredients. The
solid free water will be transferred in a
collecting basin and transported by truck to a
near by located wastewater treatment plant.
Solid wastes will be collected and adequately
treated outside the project area.
For the planned power plant several water
saving measures are included in the design (such
as ACC cooling, condensate polishing plant etc.)
resulting in an average water need of approx.
200-260 m/d. The water demand will
significantly increase during start-up and
maintenance, emergencies and special operation
modes. The total water amount of approx.
1000 m/d allowed to be abstracted according to
DSI will not be exceeded even during peak times.
The exact water need will be determined during
detail engineering phase when the water saving
technologies will be developed in detail.
Two groundwater wells have been drilled and
the maximum abstraction rates allowed by DSI
are altogether 11.5 litres/s. Water will be
provided to the site by a pipeline. A groundwater
study has been prepared by the Istanbul
University to evaluate the best location for the
new groundwater wells before drilling.
The Kaklik Irrigation Cooperative is presently the
main groundwater user in the area and uses
approximately 3 Mio m of groundwater per
year. The estimated total amount of groundwater
needed for the operation of the CCPP is
approximately 70,000 to 100,000 m per year
which amounts to approx. 3% of the amount
used for irrigation.
Based on this comparison the overall portion of
the water needed for the power plant is low
compared to the water needs of the other users.
Considering the information on aquifer thickness
the needed amount of water will not significantly
affect the overall groundwater availability.
However, based on the available data local
variations of the groundwater level cannot be
excluded which could lead to negative effects on
near by wells. But, given the fact that the location
of the groundwater wells was determined under
the supervision of the Turkish Water Authority
DSI with the aim to minimize potential effects on
nearby users, these negative effects are not
considered very likely.
The applied water saving technologies are an
important mitigation measure to reduce the
water needs of the power plant and thus to limit
potential negative effects on other users.
To verify the assumptions of the above
mentioned groundwater study a groundwater
monitoring should be carried out to observe the
long-term development of the groundwater
levels. In case negative effects on neighbouring
groundwater users occur during operation of the
power plant, the Developer will seek cooperation
with the affected parties with the aim to develop
appropriate mitigation measures. Such measures
could comprise supporting the improvement of
the irrigation system of the Kaklik Irrigation
Cooperative to reduce the amount of water
needed for irrigation.
Surface water:
No shallow groundwater and no sensitive
aquifer or surface water body is expected in the
project area which could potentially be
contaminated by spills. Also only limited
quantities of chemicals and lubricants will be
normally present on site. Since raw materials in
the CCPP will be in housed storage, and
moreover precipitation is overall low, there is
also no potential for any significant leachate
generation.

Wastewater Discharge:
The amount of wastewater is expected in a range
of 20 to 30 m/day after optimization of the
process. The effluent of the wastewater treatment
plant will either be discharged to a nearby stream
or it will be transported to a nearby larger
wastewater treatment plant for further
treatment. In both cases, the effluents will be
treated to the quality required by Turkish and
international standards (such as IFC EHS
Guidelines) for discharge to receiving water body
or if possible to irrigation water standards.
To verify that the applicable limit values are
observed during operation the effluents should
be monitored regularly.
Impacts on Soils and Geology
The surface topography of the site will be
changed. The areas where the plant structure will
be located will be sealed which will result in a
loss of soils. The remaining areas of the site
which will be used for construction activities will
be compacted.

The affected soil types are abundant in the
region. Thus, there are no special, sensitive or
protected soils or geological features or mineral
deposits within and around the site. Hence, the
development of this area of land will not have
any significant impacts on soil or geological
features or on mineral resources.
The construction and operation of the power
plant have the potential to cause some
contamination through spillages and leaks,
especially around fuel storage areas and chemical
storage areas. Potential contaminating substances
will include fuels, lubricating oils, hydraulic
fluids, water treatment chemicals, plant cleaning
chemicals, sanitary effluent and detergents.
The potential for soil and subsurface pollution
from construction will be minimized by proper
construction site management. The EPC
contractor will prepare a construction site
management plan which includes aspects of
proper handling and storage of materials and
collection and disposal of solid and liquid wastes.
Also for operation the potential for subsurface
contamination will be minimized by a
management plan. In addition several measures
have been included in the design such as
secondary containment or retention pits.
The soils in the steeper areas in the northern
parts of the site already suffer from erosion. The
soils in the lower site area are susceptible to soil
erosion. Thus, the construction management plan
shall also address erosion prevention measures
such as using a reduced slope angle for stockpiles
etc.
With the listed mitigation measures in place, the
construction and operation of the proposed
power plant is not predicted to cause any ground
contamination on-site or of the surrounding land.
Flora, Fauna and Habitats
Since the power plant will be located on
agricultural area only parts of the flora and fauna
habitats will be permanently lost. The existing
endemic plant species are widely spread in the
region and are therefore not considered to be
threatened.
Some amphibian species were observed around
the irrigation channel which may be re-located
and which should be established in a way that it
suits as habitat for amphibians. Although no
breeding birds were found on the project site,
five bird species are nesting and breeding in the
study area. No endemic fauna species was found
in the project area or its vicinity.
Since in the area similar habitats are present, it is
very likely that fauna species will found
sufficient feeding habitats in the immediate
vicinity of the site.
During construction and operation the CCPP will
emit noise and light, air pollutants, wastewater
and waste. For all these topics mitigation
measures are planned to minimize the release
into the environment. Since all these emissions
will be below applicable national and
international limit values no significant impacts
on fauna species are expected.
No effects are anticipated from the presence of
the 60 meters high stack structure on bird
populations and habitat functions since area is
not located within migration bird routes.
After end of construction works, the areas shall
be established as maquis and steppe area where
possible to provide suitable habitats. In addition,
trees should be planted in the health protection
zone around the site as a compensation of the lost
areas.
Visual impact
The CCPP will be a noticeable installation in the
landscape. The stacks of the CCPP will be about
60 meters in height and visible from a larger
distance; the ACC installation will reach a height
of up to 35 meters. However, it should be noted
that the proposed ACC technology will avoid the
adverse visual impact of traditional hyperbolic
cooling towers and the generation of large visible
plumes of uncondensed water vapor.
The stacks are not expected to dominate the
landscape because of the high mountains in the
background. It can be assumed that the CCPP
installation will not be bigger than the mentioned
cement factory.
However, in the near field the building structures
will significantly change the view shed for the
neighbouring agricultural sites, the national road
to Denizli and partly also from the nearest
villages Kaklik and Yokusbasi. From Alikurt, the
CCPP will hardly be visible. From Asagidagdere,
the CCPP will only be visible from the borders of
the settlement or from the higher parts within the
village.
It is intended to integrate the power plant into
the landscape by using greyish-brown colours for
high structures and planting a green belt around

the site. This will also create a buffer to the
neighbouring agricultural areas and provide
visual screening. Once fully developed, the
vegetation will also have other positive effects
such as additional noise attenuation and
retention of dust in ambient air.
Exterior lighting will be provided for operation
and maintenance. However, the visual impact of
these lights is not considered to disturb the
neighbouring villages due to the distance.
The exhaust stacks will be equipped for aircraft
security continuously during the night hours
which is similar to what can be seen on radio or
television towers.
Archaeology, Historical and Cultural Heritage
No archaeological, historic or cultural remains of
significance are known to be present on or near
the site.
Natural disaster risks
The CCPP installations will be designed to
withstand natural disaster impacts like seismic or
flooding risk according to the applicable design
standards and criteria.
All construction activities shall abide to the
relevant laws and legislations, and the buildings
and structures shall be constructed according to
the legal regulations (Building Inspection Act,
Building Inspection Regulation) for earthquake
zones like the Regulation on the Buildings to be
constructed in Disaster Areas. The new CCPP
will be designed to withstand seismicity
coefficient of A= 0.40 g.
According to the competent agency DSI, flooding
of the site did not take place in the past and is
unlikely to occur in the future.
Social and Socio-Economic Impacts
The analysis of social, health and economic
impacts is based on social survey results. It
considers permanent and temporary impacts.
Loss of Land and Natural Resources
The purchases of all private lands were made
through negotiations. According to the
statements of Kaklik Mayor, Yokusbasi village
headman and land owners, the acquisition price
was sufficient to replace the land with a similar
size and similar/better quality land. Sample
interviews with owners conveyed that land
acquisition did not cause grievances.
The location of the project does not prevent
access to any other communal/natural resources.
Interviews carried out found that drop of water
table is one of the main concerns about the
proposed project. In case the project becomes a
competitive user this impact would be major and
permanent as the plant will continue using water
during the operation.
Social Networks and Infrastructure
There is already a high rate of in and out-
migration in the area. The communities do not
appear to have problems with the incoming
people and most locals ( 85%) even support this,
as migration (and increasing demands) has been
accelerating the development of the area in terms
of public infrastructure (e.g. education and health
services, small shops etc) and economy.
The relatively sudden influx of possibly up to 350
- 400 workers with different backgrounds may
affect the social structure and networks during
construction. This may result in pressure on local
health facilities. This impact will be minimized
since health facilities for the workers will be
provided on the site. In case a large amount of
workers bring their families pressure on further
social facilities may arise (e.g. education).
However, by adoption of a local employment
strategy the number of the in-migrant will be
limited. In case any effect on social facilities will
occur during construction this impact is expected
to be temporary and will be addressed in a
constructive manner between the RWE & Turcas
and the Municipality of Kaklik if it occurs.
Health Risks
The extent of disease transmission between the
communities and in-migrants will depend on the
level of interaction between the two, the
workforce size and health status of the workforce
and their living conditions. Due to the general
conservative nature of the society and low
incidence rates the probability of an increase in
acute communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS
or Tuberculosis is found to be low.
The local employment strategy and the provision
of health facilties on the site will also reduce
potential negative effects on the health of local
inhabitants and workers.
During construction it is likely that respiratory
infections, hearing impairment, work-related
accidents, and traffic accidents will increase.

Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD), which is a lung disease mostly
seen amongst smokers and people working in
dusty environments, is high in the area. The dust
emissions during construction may cause
disturbance/risks for those people who have
COPD. As the project area is far from settlements,
no dust emissions will occur during operation
and will be controlled during construction, this
impact is judged to be minor.
Third party accident occurring (for example a
young child falling into an excavation area) is
low due to the distance to the settlements.
Necessary mitigations will be taken for
community safety.
Construction traffic movements (of materials and
workforce), in addition to general project traffic
vehicles, may result in an increase in traffic levels
on the local roads. Kaklik, Yokusbasi and Alikurt
are more prone to risks of increased traffic as
there are highways passing through these
settlements. The EPC contractor will be required
to set-up a traffic management plan for on and
off-site which includes transport traffic routing,
safety measures for junction of site connection
road with national road, instruction of workforce
and drivers.
Solid waste and wastewater management
systems are not sufficient in the area. An increase
in the amount of solid wastes and wastewaters
due to in-migration might cause odour-related
disturbances, as well as vector-borne diseases if
not properly managed.
In case mitigation measures are not taken the
above listed impacts could be of major
significance, but this may reduce depending on
the safety measures and availability of
emergency health care.
Economic Impacts
As the project area is very close to Denizli, which
is the main determinant of local prices, no
significant impact is expected on the prices of
basic goods (local price inflation). However, in
case a significant in-migration occurs, this may
cause an increase in house rents which would
mainly affect poorer renters. Considering a vast
majority of people (87%) are living in their own
houses and the temporary character this impact
is judged to be moderate.
The in-migration will provide a larger market for
local shops and farmers and others to whom to
sell their goods. Many unemployed people and
those who are not earning well enough are likely
to seek work on the project. Some may turn to
trading or even the supply of materials to the
construction site (e.g. food, water). This impact is
judged to be major and positive.
However, construction-related work
opportunities will last only for three years. The
reduction in the workforce will result in the out-
migration of workers as they leave to seek job
opportunities elsewhere. This may normally
result in the depression of the local economy, but
as there are a few development projects in the
pipeline (i.e. Logistic Railway Center in Kaklik,
Leather factory close to Kaklik), those are likely
to minimize this impact which is judged to be
moderate.
Mitigation measures to the social and socio-
economic impacts:
Aspects of the design of the project that require
further detailing or confirmation in order to
mitigate social, health and economic impacts are:
Confirm if construction workers camp will
be there or local accommodation will be
organized. Locate traffic routes in order to
minimize impacts on neighbouring
communities;
Confirm the route for transmission lines and
necessary permanent and temporary land
take; and
Confirm the need for a transformer station
(related to the new transmission lines), its
possible location and necessary land take.
Measures to mitigate social, health and economic
impact that are proposed for implementation
during the construction concern:
Construction Management Plan;
Employment and Workforce Policies;

The contractor will be required to adhere to a
detailed Construction Management Plan which
shall inform local communities of major activities
in advance and ensure that impacts on health and
safety of the community are minimized.
The EPC contractor shall be required to adhere to
employment and workforce policies and codes incl.
screening the health of possible employees for
communicable diseases and that the workers
camp is properly managed. The workers will get
instructions on good construction site

management and also regulations for behaviour
in the local communities (incl. road safety).
A series of support measures should be provided
to local communities, in order to mitigate social,
health and economic impacts. RWE & Turcas has
a clear commitment to support measures to the
local communities and will evaluate the support
of implementation of the following activities:
Ensure that the responsible organizations (i.e.
Kaklik municipality, Honaz district
governorship) have a good understanding of the
potential social and environmental impacts in
order to be able to cope with them;
As the Kaklik municipality is in charge of
enforcing zoning rules and construction
licenses, it is particularly important to inform
the municipality regarding the potential risk
of increase illegal buildings and
establishment of shanty settlements;
A local employment and sourcing policy to
discourage in-migration, entailing a ban on
the employment of casual migrants at the
project site;
Inform local communities of employment
and procurement opportunities and provide
avenues applications of village locals;
Develop and implement a social impact
monitoring plan to assess the efficiency of
mitigation plans regularly in order to
improve the measures/implementations
The monitoring plan will comprise regular
meetings with representatives from the
communities in the vicinity to receive their
impressions on local impacts of the project
during construction and (to a lesser extend)
during operation. Appropriate mitigation
measures will be developed together with the
communities for social and health related
problems occurring during construction and
operation of the CCPP. A grievance redressing
mechanism will be established during the
operation phase.

6 Environmental and Social Management Plan
The Project will implement an Environmental
and Social Management Plan (ESMP) which
includes management and monitoring activities
to address relevant issues and mitigate impacts
identified during the impact assessment process.
A summary of the ESMP is presented in the
Annex to this Non-Technical Summary.
The ESMP outlines the organizational
requirements and monitoring plans required to
ensure that the necessary measures are taken to
avoid potentially adverse effects of the Project on
environmental, health and safety (H&S) and
social aspects.
Some of these measures have already been
specified by RWE & Turcas at the present state of
project planning. Since an ESMP continues to
evolve in scope and depth with subsequent
stages of the project preparation and
implementation (e.g. construction, operation,
decommissioning), this ESMP provides a first
outline.
Overall responsibility for the ESMP lies with
RWE & Turcas for all project phases, i.e. project
design, construction, operation, and
decommissioning.
Responsibility for measures related to the
construction phase will be with the selected EPC
Contractor. His activities, however, will be
supervised by staff of the project owner RWE &
Turcas to ensure that adverse effects during the
construction phase will be avoided.
Detailed stand-alone sub-plans may be
developed to specify ESMP issues in its further
progress (e.g. detailed Monitoring Plan,
Emergency Response Plan,). In case of
responsibility delegation, sub-plans shall be
developed by contracted companies according to
their area of responsibility in order to show how
they implement RWE & Turcas's ESMP
requirements.
Annual monitoring reports will be compiled and
made available to the relevant authorities and the
financial lenders, as requested and appropriate.
The reports shall cover the status of EHS related
aspects like permits, status of compliance with
obligations arising from such licenses or permits,
exceedings of regulatory environmental
standards with root cause analysis, corrective
measures.

7 Public Consultation and Disclosure
RWE & Turcas, in line with Turkish regulations
and Guidelines established by international
financing institutions is offering information and

consultation opportunities for stakeholders and
the public on a voluntary basis including:
A public consultation and disclosure plan;
A project information document containing
key facts and figures about the proposed
project and outlining the studies which are
undertaken to assess the environmental and
social impacts, the envisaged timelines and
next steps;
Project information brochure briefing
information about the project and
advertising project website;
Project website containing information about
the project and disseminates public
consultation plan (www.
rweturcasdenizlienerjisantrali.com);
A public information meeting took place on the
17th June 2008 (Scoping meeting) and the project
was initially presented to the invited
stakeholders (total of 51 organizations), local
authorities, government institutions and local
media).
Further community meetings were held on the
17th and 18th July 2008, in four settlements.
During the meetings, the project was explained to
the residents and potential impacts and possible
mitigation measures were discussed. The
residents were also informed about the
continuous communication channels (i.e. project
website); imminent social baseline studies and
the disclosure activities that are to take place at
the completion of the environmental and social
assessment works.
Following the community meetings, a social
baseline survey was conducted (between 20th
July and 4th August 2008). Besides gathering
socio-economic data, the household surveys were
also used to assess whether the people were
informed about the project and to gather
information about the main concerns and
expectations. The majority (89%) of local people
was informed about the project.
In addition interviews and meetings were held
with the Governor and Deputy Governors of
Denizli Province, Mayors of Honaz and Bozkurt,
local health, education and agriculture officers,
gendarme, officers at Kaklik health center and
Honaz Hospital. Furthermore focus group
meetings were held with different groups
including women, poorer residents, farmers,
elderly, male and female workers, disabled and
ill residents.
A number of comments were received from these
consultations. In general, 72% of the local people
supported the project for the economic
development that it will bring and possible
employment opportunities. However, also
doubts were expressed regarding temperature
increase, acid rains, air pollution, noise and
disturbance of birds, health impacts and
diminishing of agricultural production.
In order to eliminate peoples concerns regarding
potential environmental impacts, a trip was
organised to a similar combined cycle gas power
plant (1400MW) in Bursa for 51 persons.
According to the participants, the trip had greatly
relieved their environmental concerns. Most
residents were open to discussions while the
meetings and changed their views quickly when
the facts were explained.
In line with accepted international practice, the
Draft Final ESIA report and a summary will be
made available to all stakeholders and the public
for a period of at least 1 month (30 days). The
public will be informed about the possibility to
review the ESIA. Comments and suggestions can
be submitted to the Project Developer who will
organise a public hearing in Kaklik to inform on
the outcomes of the ESIA study.
All information will also be made available on
the project website:
www.rweturcasdenizlienerjisantrali.com
The Project Developer will designate a staff
member (e.g. CSE responsible) who will be
responsible for grievance response during project
preparation, construction and operation
(community liaison officer - CLO). Grievances
will in general be responded to within 2 weeks
after receipt.

NTS Annex:
Summary of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

General Notes:
Any plan or procedure/work instruction listed in the following will be based on the contractual environmental,
health & safety and social responsibility provisions of RWE & Turcas and requires approval by RWE & Turcas
before implementation. Implementation Supervision will be provided by RWE & Turcas. Plans and measures are
subject to revision for performance improvement if monitoring reveals weaknesses in implementation. Action
item implementation will be benchmarked against key performance indicators. All activities related to
construction and operation will be subject to official Turkish environmental and social inspection within the
mandate of the relevant authorities.

Action
Item
Potential Impact /
Issue
Mitigation / Management Responsibility
Implementation
Design
D1

Noise emissions of
power plant
Selection of equipment, sound absorbing
equipment, and noise barriers so that sound
pressure levels of 40 dB(A) at Yokusbasi and 43
dB(A) at Kaklik are met. Thus, the IFC criterion
that the incremental noise from a plant shall not
increase the baseline by more than 3 dB(A) will be
met for Kaklik and Yokusbasi.
Selection of equipment so that sound power level
on site < 85 dB (A) in a distance of 1 m to the noise
source
Selection, arrangement and
design of necessary equipment
by EPC Contractor.
Implementation of design by
EPC Contractor throughout
construction
D2

Groundwater
abstraction
Design of the CCPP with suggested water saving
technologies (ACC, condensate polishing plant etc)
to reduce the water needs of the power plant.
In case negative effects on neighbouring
groundwater users occur during operation of the
power plant, the Developer will seek cooperation
with the affected parties with the aim to develop
appropriate mitigation measures
Groundwater monitoring to observe the long-term
development of the groundwater levels.
RWE & Turcas, EPC Contractor
D3 Routing of
Transmission Line
for grid connection

Transmission line routing study shall consider
environmental constraints; the impacts of the
transmission lines for grid connection shall be
assessed taking into account the requirements of
international standards(biodiversity/avifauna,
Right of Way (RoW), property issues/resettlement,
EMF etc. to be adequately addressed)
Routing and implementation of
transmission line by TEIAS
Accompanying land acquisition
plan and EIA and ESIA by
TEIAS
The project developer will
emphasize the need to address
potential impacts according to
international standards in nego-
tiations with TEIAS and
support TEIAS if needed with
the implementation

Action
Item
Potential Impact /
Issue
Implementation
D4

Life and Fire Safety
Seismic Risk
Design and construction of power plant to observe
relevant legislation and international techniques to
withstand seismic risk
Design and construction of CCPP to observe with
Turkish and RWE (German/European) Standards
on Life and Fire Safety.
Overall responsibility by RWE
& Turcas
Design and construction by
EPC
D5 Groundwater Quality As conservation of evidence analyze groundwater
from the CCPP wells during detailed design stage
for anthropogenic substances such as oil and
grease.
RWE & Turcas, EPC Contractor
Construction
C1 Environmental &
Social Performance of
construction
activities
Construction Supervision Plan
Appointment of RWE & Turcas supervisor team;
Regular site inspections and meetings of RWE &
Turcas with EPC;
Regular review of reports of EPC and supervision
of implementation of EPC Contractors
Management Plans.
Set up by RWE & Turcas before
construction;
Implementation RWE & Turcas
throughout construction
C2

Environmental,
Performance of
construction
activities / Good
Practice
Construction Site Management Plan including sub-
plans:
Spill Prevention and Contingency Plan;
Materials Handling and Storage Instructions
Hazardous Material Handling Plan acc. to RWE
(German/European) and Turkish standards,
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Construction Waste Management Plan;
Construction Wastewater Management Plan (incl.
collection of sanitary wastewater and HRSG
boiling out water, oil/water separators, prevention
of stagnant water bodies because of
mosquito/malaria prevention)
Construction Site Closure Plan;
Construction Traffic Management Plan (on site and
off site)
Designated EPCs Site Manager and EHS-
Responsibles
Setup by EPC prior to
construction; implementation
by EPC throughout
construction under supervision
of RWE & Turcas.

Action
Item
Potential Impact /
Issue
Implementation
C3

Construction Health
and Safety
Construction Health and Safety Plan, inter alia
including provisions for:
workplace risk-assessments, permit to work,
personal protective equipment (PPE)
construction workers training and awareness
ground disturbances, lifting operations, working at
heights and confined spaces
working under ongoing plant operation / stack
emissions
construction traffic safety on- and off-site
(transport traffic routing, safety measures for
junction of site connection road with national road,
instruction of workforce and drivers)
Emergency Response Plan for accidents response
Setup by EPC before
construction;
Implementation by EPC
throughout construction under
supervision of RWE & Turcas.
(in coordination with relevant
agencies: fire brigade; hospital
and relevant district agencies;
HS checks by Turkish Social
Security Agency)

Implementation by EPC before
start of works under

C4 Construction workers
welfare /workforce
social issues /
disputes

Social Facilities and Services Plan;
Provision of sanitation, social and medical facilities
and services; workers accommodation (in
migrants or third country nationals - TCN) and
transport (TCN and local workers);
Provision of facilities and opportunities for
workers recreation and social after work activities;
Provision of sufficient infrastructure (e.g. health
facilities)
In case pressure on educational facilities will occur
(should a large numbers of workers bring their
families which is not expected) this will be
addressed in a constructive manner between the
RWE & Turcas and the Municipality of Kaklik.
Social supervision audits incl. workers interviews;
Workers Grievance Mechanism;
In line with RWE Standards, application of ILO
Core Labour Standards by EPC and subcontractors
Workplace Regulation
Workers Code of Conduct
Workers information/training (under
consideration of specific socio-cultural aspects of
TCN, local Turkish workforce)
Implementation by EPC under
(in addition: official supervision
by Turkish Work Inspection)


Action
Item
Potential Impact /
Issue
Implementation
C5

Community relations
/
Construction related
community
grievances /
Public Health and
Safety issues /
Local employment
and procurement

Community Liaison Plan inter alia including:
Appointment of EPC Community Liaison Officer
(EPC-CLO) and E&S supervisor (RWE & Turcas);
establishment of local community liaison
committees
Public Information and Awareness campaign;
measures for maintaining good relationship;
Public grievance mechanism incl. conflict
resolution procedure
Addressing public road safety (construction
transport and traffic); vibration, noise and dust;
health risks related to presence of large number of
construction workforce (e.g. sexually transmittable
diseases (STD), and public safety issues (such as:
potential risk of social unrest because of presence
of TCN)
Dust abatement during construction, e.g. spraying
of soil with water
A framework for the recruitment of local
workforce and local procurement to be performed
wherever possible. Information about work and
business opportunities will be made available to
the local population (under consideration of RWE
& Turcas contractors policy)
Setup by EPC in coordination
with RWE & Turcas at start of
works; participation of local
community administration and
representatives if applicable

C6 Construction site
access and site
security
Site Access and Security Plan;
installation of a system for safe site access; training
of guards/security staff
Setup and implementation by
EPC + RWE & Turcas before
start of works
C7 Archaeological finds
during ground works
Chance Finds Procedure,
Awareness training of workforce
Setup: by RWE & Turcas before
construction works
Implementation by EPC under
C8

Impact on habitats Set-up of ecological management plan for
construction and end of construction, incl. at least
following issues:
Avoid disturbance of birds during nesting period
by taking appropriate measures before start of
construction if necessary.
Establishment of maquis and steppe habitats areas
after finish of construction
Planting trees around the site.
Set-up of ecological management
plan by RWE & Turcas.
Implementation by EPC
Contractor.

Action
Item
Potential Impact /
Issue
Implementation
Operation
O1

Environmental,
Performance of
operation/ Good
Practice
Operation Management Plan including sub-plans:
Spill Prevention and Contingency Plan;
Materials Handling and Storage Instructions
Hazardous Material Handling Plan (incl.
international labelling system, MSDS)
Wastewater Monitoring Plan as described below
Emergency Response Plan (for types of emergencies
such as accidents, spills, fire, earthquake et al.)
Designated RWE & Turcas Operations Manager
and ES&HS-Responsibles
Setup by and implementation
by RWE & Turcas.
O2 Discharge of
wastewater
Waste Water Monitoring Plan (implemented in
operation manual):
Regular monitoring of on-site WWTP effluent.
Set up and implementation by
RWE & Turcas (frequency at
start up as per manufacturer
recommendation; monthly for
regular operation)
O3 Noise
emissions/impact
Noise Monitoring Plan:
Regular monitoring of off site community noise at
dedicated reference locations; day and night time
measurements during 1
st
year of operation
Set up and implementation by
RWE & Turcas; Reference
measures before start of Project
operation
O4

Air emissions Air Emissions Control Plan:
Regular (i.e. daily) evaluation of continuous stack
emissions monitoring (NOx) against emission
standards, optimization of operation in order to
reduce the emissions; ensure calibration of
monitoring equipment
Procedure set-up and
implementation by RWE &
Turcas with start of operation
O5 Storage and handling
of hazardous
materials and Noise
Exposure on site
Work Place Risk Assessments & Exposure Monitoring
Plan:
Identification of hazardous materials related work
places; identification of work places with high
noise levels; prevention and mitigation measures;
potential exposure; regular monitoring of exposure
and employee health check-ups
Procedure set-up and
implementation by RWE &
Turcas
Prior to start of operation
O6 Community relations Community Liaison Plan inter alia including:
Appointment of E&S supervisor (RWE & Turcas);
establishment of local community liaison
committees (based on present RWE & Turcas
community liaison)
Public Information and Awareness campaign;
Public grievance mechanism incl. conflict
resolution procedure
Set-up and implementation by
RWE & Turcas before
operations


Inquiries:

RWE & Turcas Gney Elektrik A.
Mr. Krsad Tosun
Eskisehir Yolu
stn Dekocity Is Merkezi
No:348/71
mitky - Ankara - Trkiye
kursad.tosun@rwe.com

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