SR.

No Particu
lar
Qty Rate Amoun
t
1 N72 2 12000 24000
2 N90 2 45000 90000
3 Nokia 6233 3 7000 21000
4 N92 4 120000 480000
1km =1.6miles
SR. No City Miles km
1 Lucko! 60 96
2 "el#i 122 195.2
3 $%&a 100 160
4 $lla#a'a( 102 163.2
5 Rac#i 745 1192
SR. No City Miles )m
1 Lucko! 60 96
2 "el#i 122
3 $%&a 100
4 $lla#a'a( 102
5 Rac#i 745
SR. No Particu
lar
Qty Rate Amoun
t
1 N72 2 12000 24000
2 N90 2 45000 90000
3 Nokia 6233 3 7000 21000
4 N92 4 120000 480000
Computers
Today, did you stop for a red signal
or bought something at a store? Did
you watch a movie or a television
program?
Did you drive a car or ride a bus? All
these activities and thousands more,
involve computers in some way.
Computers of every size affect our
life. Super computers forecast weather
and launch satellite. mbedded
computer
!rocessor chips ma"e smart device such
as a car that warns you of problem or
a microwave oven that warms your
#rea"fast.
Computer put ban"ing at your fingertip
any time and any ware. $ould you
choose a ban" that didn%t have
automated?
Teller machine &atm'? (n addition, you
longer need to carry cash or che)ues
all the time* you can buy many things
from groceries to gasoline to
hamburgers+
#y using a debit card.
(nformation from all over the word is
available to anyone with a computer, a
modern, a telephone line, and an
internet account student from
To graduate college are
,sing computer to gather data. -etwor"
and telecommunications give .loo"ing
up. a new meaning.
Computers
Today, did you stop for a red signal
or bought something at a store? Did
you watch a movie or a television
program?
Did you drive a car or ride a bus? all
these activities and thousands more,
involve computers in some way .
computers of every size affect our
life . super computers forecast
weather and launch satellite. embedded
computer
processor chips ma"e smart device such
as a car that warns you of problem
or a microwave oven that warms your
brea"fast.
computer put ban"ing at your fingertip
any time and any ware. would you
choose a ban" that didn/t have
automatted
teller machine &atm'? (n addition ,
you longer need to carry cash or
che)ues all the time, you can buy many
things from groceries to gasoline to
hamburgers+
by using a debit card.
information from all over the word is
available to any one with a computer,
a modern, a telephone line, and an
internet account student from
to graduate college are
using computer to gather data. networ"
and telecommunications give .loo"ing
up. a new meaning.
SR. No City Miles Km
1 Lucknow 60 96
2 Delhi 122 195.2
3 Agra 100 160
4 Allahabad 102 163.2
5 Rachi 745 1192
PR!"#$
I NFORMATI ON TECHNOLOGY
TRAI NI NG
MADE BY VIVEK SINGH
REG NO CRO0!"#00
BATCH NO.$ %
t&
'System 0(
INDE)
1- MS-WORD
a. Macro
b. Mail merge
2- MS-EXE!
a. ell Re"erencing
b. #unction$ %$age$
&- 'A!!(
a. )ntro*uction
b. #eature$
c. #unction$
+- )N'ERNE'
a. )ntro*uction
b. #unction$
PRE#AE
Com*+te,s -,e t&e im*o,t-.t *-,t o/ t&e li/e
to0-y. Vi,t+-lly i. e1e,y 2-l3 o/ li/e -
*e,so. is e4*e5te0 to 6e -6le to +se o/
5om*+te,. A. A55o+.t-.t 2&o 0oes .ot
+.0e,st-.0 5om*+te, 6-se0 A55o+.ti.7
system is li3ely to 6e Le/t &i7& 8 0,y i. t&e
*,o/essio.. A 2o,3i.7 3.o2le07e o/
i./o,m-tio. te5&.olo7y is - 6-si5 6,e-0 8
6+tte, ,e9+i,eme.t o/ C&-,te,e0
A55o+.t-.t to0-y. I. t&e 00 &o+,
I./o,m-tio. Te5&.olo7y t,-i.i.7 *,o7,-m
2e -ll -,e 6ei.7 t-+7&t -6o+t t&e ,-*i0ly
5&-.7i.7 s+6:e5t i.e. Com*+te, to 0e1elo*
t&e *,-5ti5-l im*li5-tio. o/ i./o,m-tio.
te5&.olo7y I 1-,io+s -,e-s o/ *,o/essio.-l
*,-5ti5e.
O+, e-,.est &o*e is t&-t
yo+ 2ill li3e o+, &o.est &-,0 2o,3 i.
m-3i.7 ITT ;,o:e5t o. I./o,m-tio.
Te5&.olo7y.
A53.o2le07e< I -53.o2le07e -.0
-**,e5i-te t&e s+**o,t -.0 7+i0-.5e
*,o1i0e0 6y M,. S&-s&-.3 S-4e.- -.0
M,s.R+5&i A2-st&i .

MS- WORD
)MPOR'AN' #EA'%RES O# MS-WORD
%&'(ord no) onl* &u++or)& word +roce&&ing ,ea)ure& bu) al&o D$P ,ea)ure&.
-o.e o, )he i.+or)an) ,ea)ure& o, %&'(ord are li&)ed below/
i. 0&ing word *ou can crea)e )he docu.en) and edi) )he. la)er1 a& and when
re2uired1 b* adding .ore )e3)1 .odi,*ing )he e3i&)ing )e3)1
dele)ing4.o5ing &o.e +ar) o, i).
ii. #hanging )he &i6e o, )he .argin& can re,or.a) co.+le)e docu.en) or +ar)
o, )e3).
iii. 7on) &i6e and )*+e o, ,on)& can al&o be changed. Page nu.ber& and
8eader and 7oo)er can be included.
i5. -+elling can be checked and correc)ion can be .ade au)o.a)icall* in )he
en)ire docu.en). (ord coun) and o)her &)a)i&)ic& can be genera)ed.
5. $e3) can be ,or.a))ed in colu.nar &)*le a& we &ee in )he new&+a+er. $e3)
bo3e& can be .ade.
5i. $able& can be .ade and included in )he )e3).
5ii. (ord al&o allow& )he u&er )o .i3 )he gra+hical +ic)ure& wi)h )he )e3).
9ra+hical +ic)ure& can ei)her be crea)ed in word i)&el, or can be i.+or)ed
,ro. ou)&ide like ,ro. #li+ Ar) 9aller*.
5iii. (ord al&o +ro5ide& )he .ail'.erge ,acili)*.
i3. (ord al&o ha& )he ,acili)* o, .acro&. %acro& can be ei)her a))ached )o
&o.e ,unc)ion4&+ecial ke*& or )o a )ool bar or )o a .enu.
3. :) al&o +ro5ide& online hel+ o, an* o+)ion.
a. MARO
A macro is a shortcut to a task you do repeatedly. Think about the Centre align operation.
You first highlight the word you want centred, then click the centre icon in the toolbar. This is
a macro. It's the short way of performing the centre task.
But you don't hae to do it that way. There is a longer way. You can centre your te!t by
clicking on Format from the menu bar. "hen the menu drops down, click Paragraph. You'll
get a dialogue bo! popping up. Click the down arrow in the Alignment bo!, and then click
on centre. Click OK on the dialogue bo! and your te!t is centred. That's the long way round.
Clicking the centre icon on the toolbar is much easier # it's a ery useful $acro built in to
$icrosoft "ord.
A Macro i$ a ,ay to create a $-ortcut "or a ta$. t-at you *o a lot.
REORD A MARO
%pen $icrosoft "ord by double#clicking your program icon or click &'tart,& then &All
(rograms& and click &$icrosoft "ord& on the menu.
%pen a blank page by clicking the &Blank (age& icon on the &'tandard Toolbar& at
the top of the page.
Click &Tools& on the $enu bar. Choose &$acro& and then &)ecord *ew $acro.& The
&)ecord $acro& bo! opens
Type a name into the &*ame& bo!. Call it something you will remember later
Choose &Toolbars& or &+eyboard& to hae the macro assigned to a toolbar or to the
keyboard as a shortcut
(ick the location where you want to use the macro. You can use &All ,ocuments& or
your current document only.
Click &%+.& The &$acro& icon appears at the top of the page
Type your information into the macro page. You can choose fonts, set up tables or
anything you like. "rite eerything you need to complete the document.
Click &Tools& on the menu bar. Choose &$acro& and then &'top )ecording.& The
macro stops. %r you can click the &'top )ecording& button on the &$acro& icon. It
looks like a small s-uare
b.MA)! MER/E

1* +,e a 'lak e! (ocumet
2* Click tool meu
3* Select lette& a( maili% me&%e
4* Select mail me&%e !i-a&(
5* Click o. Sta&ti% (ocumet. o 'ottom &i%#t si(e o/ t#e sc&ee
6* Click o 0Select &eci,iet. o,tio o t#e 'ottom si(e o/ t#e sc&ee
7* Select c&eate o,tio
8* Select customi-e o,tio
9* Remo1e all t#ose 2el( !#ic# a&e ot &e3ui&e(
10*4i1e t#e &ele1at i/o&matio i t#e a,,&o,&iate 'o5es /o& all t#e ,e&so
'y clicki% o t#e 0Ne! et&y. 'utto &es,ecti1ely a( 2ally ,&ess close
'utto
11*Sa1e t#e a'o1e %i1e (ata 'y ay ame a( ,&ess ok 'utto
12*6y,e t#e matte& t#at you !at to se( to all t#e ,e&so
13*7lace t#e ise&tio ,oit at t#e ,ositio !#e&e you !at 1e&y 2&st 2el(
14*Click o ise&t me&%e tool 8Si5t# o,tio /&om t#e le/t si(e o mail me&%e
tool 'a&9
a:*Select t#e a,,&o,&iate 2el( /&om t#e a1aila'le list
';*7&ess t#e ise&t 'utto click close 'utto
c:*C#a%e t#e ,ositio a( &e,eat last t#&ee ste,s
15*Select !&ite you& lette& o,tio
16*Select ,&e1ie! i/ you& lette&
17*Select com,lete t#e me&%e
18*Select e(it i(i1i(ual lette&
19*Select ok 'utto
20*$s a &esult t#e matte& !ill 'e a1aila'le /o& all t#e &eco&( o se,a&ate ,a%es

SE%R)'( #EA'%RE )N MS0WORD
-ecuri)* ,ea)ure a5ailable in %-;(RD allow )o u&e a +a&&word )o o+en or
.odi,* a <le
.
O1en t-e 2le
On t-e tool menu3 clic. o1tion an* t-en clic.
$ecurity..
)n t-e 1a$$,or* to o1en bo43 ty1e a 1a$$,or* an*
t-en clic. O5.
)n t-e reenter 1a$$,or* to mo*i"y bo43 ty1e t-e
1a$$,or* again an* t-en clic. O5.
MS-EXE!

%- e3cel i& a &+read&hee) +rogra.. A &+read&hee) +rogra. enabling a u&er )o
la*ou) <nancial
da)a on )he &creen1 where da)a i& &)ored and di&+la*ed in cell&.
COM;ONENT OF MS=E)CEL<
1- Wor.boo.6 )t i$ a 2le in MS0EXE!.
2- Wor.$-eet6 Wor.boo. con$i$t$ o" ,or.$-eet.
3- Ro,$6 '-e$e are -ori7ontal collection o" cell$.
4- olumn$6 '-e$e are 8ertical collection o" cell$.
5- ell6 )t i$ inter$ection o" ro,$ an* column$.
6- #ormula 9ar6 )t i$ a bar t-at *i$1lay$ an* e*it$ t-e
content$ o" t-e cell.
7- Name 9o46 )t *i$1lay$ t-e a**re$$ o" eac- cell.
8- S-eet 'ab$6 '-e$e are u$e* to i*enti"y *i:erent $-eet$.
9- Acti8ity cell6 )t i$ a cell in ,-ic- ,e ,or..
a. ell Re"erencing6
Relati8e cell re"erencing6
:n )hi& .e)hod cell addre&& au)o.a)icall* change& when a ,or.ula i& dragged
and a++lied )o ano)her cell.
Ab$olute cell re"erencing6
:n )hi& .e)hod cell addre&& re.ain& con&)an) and doe& no) change when a
,or.ula i& dragged and )o a++lied )o ano)her cell.
Mi4e* cell re"erencing6
:n )hi& .e)hod1 we can <3 ei)her )he row or colu.n nu.ber and change&
au)o.a)icall* when a ,or.ula i& dragged and a++lied )o ano)her cell. $o <3
row or colu.n we u&ed )he *ollar &ign =>? be,ore )he row or colu.n 5alue.
Commo. e,,o, i. /o,m+l-<
(hen we en)er ,or.ula1 &o.e)i.e& *ou ge) &o.e .e&&age. $he&e .e&&age&
indica)e )ha) &o.e error ha& occurred. $he&e are &o.e o, )he error .e&&age&.
;;;;6 :) indica)e )ha) cell in )oo &.all )o di&+la* )he re&ul).
;NAME<6 :) indica)e )ha) )he ,unc)ion con)ain& a na.e )ha) "3cel
doe& no) recogni6e.
;RE#6 :) indica)e& )ha) )he ,or.ula re,er& )o a cell )ha) i& no) +re&en).
;=A!%E6 :) indica)e& )ha) )he ,or.ula re,er& )o a cell )ha) con)ain&
)e3).
b.#unction$ u$age$
Mathematical function:
)N' >Number?6 :) round& )he nu.ber down )o )he neare&) in)eger.
E4am1le6 @)N' >A.B?
)t return$ A
MOD >number3 *i8i$or?6 :) re)urn& )he re.ainder a,)er )he nu.ber
)he nu.ber i& di5ided b* di5i&or.
E4am1le6 @MOD >&3 2?
)' return$ 1 becau$e remain*er i$ 1
POWER >Number3 Po,er?6 :) re)urn& )he re&ul) o, a nu.ber rai&ed )o
+ower.
E4am1le6 @POWER >&3 2?
)t ,ill$ return$ B.
RO%ND >Number3 num Digit$? / :$ round& )he nu.ber )o a &+eci<ed
nu.ber o, digi)&.
E4am1le6 @RO%ND >&.1A3 1?
)t ,ill$ return$ &.2
SQR' >Number?6 :) re)urn& )he +o&i)i5e &2uare roo).
E4am1le6 @SQR' >1++?
)t ,ill return 12.
S%M >Number13 Number2?6 :) add& all )he nu.ber in arrange o, cell.
E4am1le6 @S%M >&3 2?
)' return$ A becau$e it a**$ & an* 2.
A=ERA/E >Number3 Number2C.?6 :) re)urn& )he a5erage o, )he
gi5en argu.en).
E4am1le6 @A=ERA/E >A3D3E3A?
)t ,ill$ return$ D.
TEXT FUNCTION 6
!EN >'e4t? 6 :$ re)urn& )he nu.ber o, charac)er in a )e3) &)ring.
E4am1le6 @!EN >FMS EXE!G?
)t ,ill$ return$ E.
ONA'ENA'E >'e4t13 'e4t2C?6 :) @oin &e5eral )e3) &)ring& in )o one
)e3) &)ring.
E4am1le6 @ONA'ENA'E >F=)=E5G3GS)N/H?
)t ,ill return =)=E5S)N/H
!E#' >'e4t3Num--ar$?6:) re)urn& )he <r&) charac)er or charac)er in a
)e3) &)ring1 ba&ed on )he nu.ber o, charac)er *ou &+eci,*.
E4am1le6 @!E#' >F=)=E5G3&?
)t return$ =)=.
!OWER >F'e4tG?6 :) con5er)& )he u++erca&e le))er in a )e3) &)ring )o
lower ca&e.
E4am1le6 @!OWER >FM)NA5SH)G?
)t ,ill return mina.$-i.
%PPER >F'e4tG?6 )t con8ert$ te4t to u11erca$e.
E4am1le6 @%PPER >Fro-itG?
)t ,ill return ROH)'.
Date and Time Function
DA'E >(ear3 Mont-3 Day?6 :) re)urn& )he &e2uen)ial &erial nu.ber
)ha) re+re&en) a +ar)icular da)e. :, )he cell ,or.a) wa& 9eneral be,ore
)he ,unc)ion wa& en)ered1 )he re&ul) i& ,or.a))ed a& a da)e. "3cel
in)er+re)& )he *ear argu.en) according )o )he da)e &*&)e. *ou are
u&ing. A* de,aul)1 "3cel u&e& )he 1900 &*&)e..
E4am1le6 @DA'E >2IIA3 113 D?
)t ,ill return &EDD2.
DA( >FSerial Number or DateG?6 :) re)urn& )he da* o, a da)e. $he
da* i& gi5en a& in)eger ranging ,ro. 1)o31
E4am1le6 @DA( >&EDD2?
)t ,ill return D
MON'H >Serial Number or FDateG?6:) re)urn& )he .on)h o, a da)e
re+re&en)ed b* a &erial nu.ber. $he .on)h i& gi5en a& an in)eger
ranging ,ro. 1=!anuar*? )o12 =Dece.ber?.
E4am1le6 @MON'H >&EDD2?
)t ,ill return 11.
(EAR >Serial Number or FDateG?6 :) re)urn& )he *ear corre&+onding
)o a da)e. $he *ear i& re)urned a& an in)eger in )he range 1900'9999.
E4am1le6 @(EAR >&EDD2?
)t ,ill return 2IIA.
NOW>?6:) re)urn )he curren) da)e and )i.e &e) on )he co.+u)er
HO%R >$erial number or 'ime?6 :) re)urn& )he hour o, a )i.e 5alue.
E4am1le6 @HO%R >F1A6&IG?
)t ,ill return 1A.
FINANCIAL FUNCTION
#uture 8alue6 Re)urn& )he ,u)ure 5alue o, an in5e&).en) ba&ed on
+eriodic1 con&)an) +a*.en)& and a con&)an) in)ere&) ra)e.
Sy.t-4
FV <,-te= .*e,> *mt> ;V> ty*e>
N1er6 Re)urn& )he nu.ber o, +eriod& ,or an in5e&).en) ba&ed on
+eriodic1 con&)an) +a*.en)& and a con&)an) in)ere&) ra)e.
Sy.t-4
N;ER <,-te= *mt= ;V= /1= ty,e>
Pmt6 #alcula)e& )he +a*.en) ,or a loan ba&ed on con&)an) +a*.en)&
and a con&)an) in)ere&) ra)e.
Sy.t-4
;MT <,-te= .*e,> *1> /1> ty*e>
P86 Re)urn& )he +re&en) 5alue o, an in5e&).en). $he +re&en) 5alue i& )he
)o)al a.oun) )ha) a &erie& o, ,u)ure +a*.en)& i& wor)h now. 7or e3a.+le1
when *ou borrow .one*1 )he loan a.oun) i& )he +re&en) 5alue )o )he
lender.
Sy.t-4
;V<,-te=.*e,=*mt=/1=ty,e>
Rate6 Re)urn& )he in)ere&) ra)e +er +eriod o, an annui)*. RA$" i&
calcula)ed b* i)era)ion and can ha5e 6ero or .ore &olu)ion&. :, )he
&ucce&&i5e re&ul)& o, RA$" do no) con5erge )o wi)hin 0.0000001 a,)er 20
i)era)ion&1 RA$" re)urn& )he BC0%D error 5alue.
Sy.t-4
RATE <.*e,=*mt=*1=/1=ty,e=%uess>
'ally
INTROD?CTION

$he )o+ic i& in)er+re)ed a& ei)her an accoun)ing +ackage
acce&&ible )hrough a windowing in)er,ace or one )ha) run& on %icro&o,) window&
o+era)ing &*&)e.. "i)her wa*1 $all* <)& )he de&cri+)ion.
All &creen in )all* are 5iewed a& window& +roce&&ing )he ,ollowing'
'A )i)le bar )ha) di&+la*& )he na.e o, )he a++lica)ion
'A )all* icon )o )he le,) )ha) +ull& down )he .enu co.+ri&ing re&)ore1 .o5e1 &i6e1
.ini.u. and .a3i.u. .enu i)e..
$he 5i&ible ad5an)age o, )he accoun)ing +ackage i& &i.+lici)*1
Ee3ibili)*1 &+eed1 &calabili)*1 and real )i.e acce&& )o da)a acro&& loca)ion and
e5en wi)h o)her a++lica)ion&.

HAR'S O# AO%N'S $
Personal accounts Real accounts Nominal accounts
Debit
The receiver What comes in
Expenses and
losses
Credit The giver What goes out Incomes and gains
TALLY START ?;$
*Click o Sta&t?7&o%&ams?6ally ies7.2?6ally7.2 ico.
*"ou'le click o t#e 6ally7.2 @co o t#e (eskto,.
$he (elco.e &creen1J 'ally-Po,er o" $im1licityJ a++ear&
while )he &o,)ware load&. (hen )he $all* &)ar) u+ &creen
a++ear&1 *ou are read* )o e3+lore $all*.
SE'')N/ %P A NEW OMPAN($
Com*-.y A com1any i$ ba$ically a 2le ,-ere
tran$action relating to a 1articular com1any are
entere*.
C&eati% a com,ay

T&e 5om*-.y I./o s5,ee. &-s @1e o*tio.s<
1' -elec) #o.+an* 1)o &elec) an e3i&)ing co.+an* ,ro. )he li&) o, co.+an*
alread* crea)ed
2' #rea)e #o.+an* i& )o crea)e new one.
3' Aacku+ i& )o )ake a backu+ o, &)ored da)a.
4' $he o+)ion Re&)ore i& )o e3)rac) in,or.a)ion ,ro. )he backu+ de5ice.
5' $he la&) o+)ion 2ui) i& )o e3i) ,ro. $all*.
Selecti% C&eate Com,ay o,tio '&i%s us to t#e
sc&ee %i1e 'elo!A
E-5& o/ t&e @el0 i. t&e Com*-.y C,e-tio. s5,ee.
is e4*l-i.e0 6elo2.
N-me< :) i& .anda)or* )o en)er )he na.e i, )he co.+an*.
M-ili.7 A00,ess< 7ill in )he #o.+an* addre&& de)ail&. :) i& +)ional
)o en)er )he %ailing addre&& o, )he #o.+an*.
St-te< -elec) )he a++ro+ria)e &)a)e ,ro. )he li&) o, &)a)e.
;i. 5o0e A Bte& t#e 7i co(e o/ t#e s,eci2e( a((&ess. 6#is 2el( is o,tioal
E$m-il A00,ess< "'.ail addre&& will be u&ed )o e'.ail docu.en)1
re+or)& and da)a ,ro. $all*. $hi& <eld i& o+)ional
C+,,e.5y Sym6ol< $all* di&+la*& R&.b* de,aul). $hi& canno) be
.odi<ed a) )he )i.e o, )he crea)ion o, )he #o.+an*.
M-i.t-i.< $he <eld i& u&ed )o &+eci,* which &ec)ion o, $all* *our
co.+an* would like )o u&e. $all* di&+la*& )wo o+)ion& FAccoun) onl* and
Accoun)& wi)h :n5en)or*.
Fi.-.5i-l ye-,< $hi& <eld i& u&ed )o &+eci,* )he <nancial *ear ,or )he
co.+an*.
T-lly V-+lt ;-ss2o,0 'i/ -.y(< $all* 5aul) i& a ,acili)* )o
kee+ )he +ro)ec)ed u&ing a +a&&word. nce )he Pa&&word i& &e)1 da)a i&
.ain)ained +er.anen)l* in an encr*+)ed ,or.. $hi& <eld i& o+)ional
?se se5+,ity 5o.t,ol < $all* ha& a range o, &ecuri)* con)rol&1
which can de<ne )he au)hori)* o, 5ariou& u&er& )o acce&& )he in,or.a)ion and )o
en)er4al)er4dele)e4)he 5oucher&. $hi& <eld i& o+)ional
T&e 5om*lete0 Com*-.y C,e-tio. s5,ee. -**e-,s
s&o2..
T-lly 2ill t-3e yo+ to t&e A /ate,ay o" 'allyG
s5,ee. t&-t -**e-,s -s s&o2..

F< Fe-t+,es
711/ ,ea)ure i& u&ed )o .odi,* )he 5ariou& ,ea)ure& o, a co.+an*. $he co.+an*
,ea)ure& are &+eci<c )o )he curren) co.+an* onl* and )hu& each co.+an* .a*
ha5e diGeren) ,ea)ure& ac)i5a)ed.
T&e 5om*-.y /e-t+,es s5,ee. is -s s&o2..
FB< Co.@7+,e
Ma$ter on2guration6 Ma$ter on2guration i$ u$e* to $et t-e
*etail$ t-at $-oul* a11ear in t-e account$ ma$ter$. '-i$ i$ a8ailable in
t-e account$ an* in8entory ma$ter$ $creen$ t-roug- t-e #126 on2gure
button an* can be mo*i2e* a$ 1er reKuirement.
Set t&e M-ste, Co.@7+,-tio. -s s&o2.<
GO to /ate,ay o" 'ally L#126
on2gureLAcct$M)n8 )n"o
Vo+5&e, Co.@7+,-tio.
/o to /ate,ay o" 'allyL"126 con2gureL 8ouc-er
entry.
Le07e,s< $all* +ro5ide& a &e) o, 2H +re'de<ned grou+& under which )he
ledger can be cla&&i<ed
'Pri.ar* grou+& F 15
'-ub grou+& F 13
u) o, )he +re'de)er.ined +ri.ar* grou+&1
'Cine +ri.ar* grou+& a++ear in )he Aalance &hee)1 which are ca+i)al in na)ure.
'-i3 +ri.ar* grou+& a++ear& in )he Pro<) and lo&& Accoun)1 while are re5enue in
na)ure.
All )he 13 &ub'grou+& are cla&&i<ed under )he nine +ri.ar* grou+& )ha) are
ca+i)al in na)ure and )he* a++ear in )he Aalance &hee).
$all* ha& +re'de<ned ledger& ,or #a&h =under ca&h Fin Fhand grou+? and ,or )he
Pro<) and Lo&& accoun) =under +ri.ar* grou+?.
C,e-te si.7le le07e,<
/O to gate,ay o" 'ally LAccounting )n"o L!e*ger
LSingle !e*gerLreate )o bring u+ )he Ledger crea)ion
&creen.
Ledger A4c can al&o be crea)ed ,ro. )he Ioucher &creen b*
u&ing )he &hor)cu) ke* Alt C C

Alte, Le07e,< Jou can al)er& ledger de)ail& u&ing ei)her &ingle or .ul)i+le
.ode&. Jou are no) allowed )o dele)e a ledger ,ro. .ul)i+le .ode&. Pre&& ke* Al)
K D )o dele)e ledger under &ingle al)era)ion .ode&.
Dis*l-y le07e,< Jou can di&+la* ledger in ei)her &ingle or .ul)i+le
.ode&. 0nder .ul)i+le .ode& *ou can di&+la* all ledger& b* choo&ing LAll i)e.&M
in L0nder grou+&M o+)ion. Jou can al&o &+eci,* )he +ar)icular grou+ o, )he ledger
*ou wan) )o di&+la*.
A55o+.ti.7 Vo+5&e,s<
$all* i& +re'+rogra..ed wi)h a 5arie)* o, accoun)ing 5oucher&1 each de&igned )o
+er,or. a &+eci<c @ob. $he &)andard 5oucher& are
ontra =ouc-er
Payment =ouc-er
Recei1t =ouc-er
Nournal =ouc-er
Sale$ =ouc-er
Co.t,- Vo+5&e,<
/o to /ate,ay o" 'allyLAccounting =ouc-erL#+6 ontra
to *i$1lay t-e ontra =ouc-er.
;-yme.t 1o+5&e,<
/ate,ay o" 'ally L Accounting =ouc-er L#A6 Payment
*i$1lay t-e Payment =ouc-er.
Re5ei*t Vo+5&e,<
/ate,ay o" 'ally L Accounting =ouc-er L #D6 Recei1t
*i$1lay t-e Recei1t =ouc-er.
S-les I.1oi5e<
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Accounting =ouc-er L #E6 Sale$
*i$1lay t-e Sale$ )n8oice.
Fi.-.5i-l Re*o,ts i. T-lly<

B-l-.5e s&eet< $he balance &hee) i& a <nancial &)a)e.en) )ha)
indica)e& )he <nancial &)reng)h o, )he co.+an* a) an* gi5en +oin). :) li&) )he
a&&e)& and liabili)ie& o, a co.+an*.
/o to gate,ay o" 'ally L 9alance $-eet.
;,o@t -.0 loss A55o+.t< $he Pro<) and lo&& A4c i& a <nancial
-)a)e.en) )ha) de&cribe& )he o+era)ional re&ul)& o, )he co.+an* or i)& earning
ca+aci)* ,or a gi5en +eriod. :) li&)& )he co.+an* inco.e& and e3+endi)ure. Co
&+ecial +roce&&ing i& re2uired )o +roduce a +ro<) and lo&& A4c in $all*.
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Pro2t an* !o$$ AMc.
lic. on #16 *etaile*3 to 8ie, a *etaile* Pro2t an* !o$$
AMc.J
C-s&DB-.3 Boo3s< $o 5iew )he #a&h4Aank &u..ar*
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Di$1layLAccount$ 9oo.$
La$-M9an. 9oo.$.
Le07e,< $o 5iew )he Ledger &u..ar*
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Di$1lay L Account$ 9oo.$ L
le*ger LSelect le*ger AMc
G,o+* s+mm-,y< $he grou+ &u..ar* &)a)e.en) &how& )he clo&ing
balance& o, )he accoun)& o, a &elec)ed grou+ ,or a &+eci<ed +eriod u+ )o )he
curren) da)e.
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Di$1lay L Account$ boo.$ L
/rou1 $ummary.
G,o+* 1o+5&e,< $he grou+ Ioucher ,ea)ure li&)& all 5oucher& en)ered
in an* ledger o, )he &elec)ed grou+.
$o 5iew grou+ 5oucher.
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Di$1lay L /rou1 8ouc-er L
Select grou1.
Eo+,.-l ,e7iste,s < !ournal regi&)er& re+or) di&+la* all )he @ournal
5oucher& )ha) ha5e been +a&&ed .
$o 5iew @ournal regi&)er de)ail&
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Di$1lay L Account$ boo.$ L
Oournal regi$ter.
D-y 6oo3< $he da* book & a li&) o, all )ran&ac)ion ,or a +ar)icular da*. Da*
book1 b* de,aul)1 u&e& )he curren) da)a.
$o 5iew Da* book
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Di$1lay L Day boo..
List o/ A55o+.ts < Li&) o, accoun)& di&+la* )he e3i&)ing char) o,
accoun)& 1 li&)ed a& grou+ 1 in al+habe)ical order .
$o 5iew li&) o, accoun)&
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L *i$1lay L !i$t o" Account$.
Fi.-.5i-l -.-lysis toolF
C-s& Go2 D F+.0 Go2 st-teme.t< #a&h Eow and ,und
Eow &)a)e.en) hel+ )he .anage.en) in )he deci&ion .aking +roce&&.
R-tio A.-lysis<
(e can anal*6e )he accoun)& o, our co.+an* u&ing ra)io anal*&i&. Ra)io anal*&i& i&
u&e,ul ,or .anage.en) in )he deci&ion'.aking +roce&&. (e can e5en anal*6e diGeren)
ou)&)anding o, +ar)ie& u&ing Recei5able& )urno5er ra)io e)c. (e can di&+la* )he age'
wi&e &)a)e.en) in $all* ba&ed on )he recei5able& or +a*able&. $he age wi&e anal*&i&
can be done ei)her on bill da)e or due da)e. Pre$$ #D .ey in t-e *i$1lay o" bill$
Recei8able or 9ill$ 1ayable re1ort.
9o )o G-te2-y o/ 'ally ? Ratio analy$i$

List o/ /+.5tio. 3eys
)BC F?NCTIONALITY AVAILABILITY
D2
6o c#a%e t#e (ate.
$t almost all sc&ees i tally.
D4 6o select t#e Cot&a
1ouc#e&
$t accouti% 1ouc#e& c&eatio a(
alte&atio sc&ee
6o 1ie! t#e list o/ 4&ou,s.
$t t#e t&ial 'alace= cas#E'ak
summa&y= %&ou, summa&y a( %&ou,
1ouc#e& sc&ees.
6o 1ie! t#e list o/ le(%e&s. $t t#e le(%e& 1ouc#e& sc&ees
6o c#a%e 1ouc#e& ty,e. $t t#e Fou&al &e%iste& a( (ay'ook
sc&ees.
D5 6o select t#e ,aymet
1ouc#e&
$t accouti% 1ouc#e& c&eatio a(
alte&atio sc&ees.
6o s!itc# 'et!ee %&ou,e(
a( le(%e&*!ise (is,lay.
$t t#e t&ial 'alace= cas#G'ak summa&y
a( %&ou, summa&y sc&ees.
D6 6o select t#e &ecei,t
1ouc#e&.
$t accouti% 1ouc#e& c&eatio a(
alte&atio sc&ees.
D7 6o select t#e Fou&al
1ouc#e&.
$t accouti% c&eatio a( alte&atio
sc&ees
6o 1ie! t#e mot#ly
summa&y.
$t t#e le(%e& 1ouc#e& sc&ee.
6o s!itc# 'et!ee %&ou,
summa&y a( %&ou,
1ouc#e&s.
$t t#e %&ou, summa&y a( %&ou, 1ouc#e&
sc&ees.
D10 Na1i%ate 'et!ee
accouti% &e,o&ts.
$t t#e &e,o&ts sc&ees= 6&ial Halace=
accout 'ooks a( (ay'ook sc&ees.
D11 6o select t#e /eatu&e sc&ee. $t almost all sc&ees i 6ally
D12 6o select t#e co2%u&e
sc&ee.
$t almost all sc&ees i 6ally.
S*e5i-l /+.5tio. Key Com6i.-tio.
$L6ID
1
6o close a com,ay. $t all meu sc&ees.
6o 1ie! a (etail &e,o&t. $t almost all &e,o&t sc&ees
6o e5,lo&e a lie ito its
(etails.
$t almost all sc&ees.
$L6ID2 6o c#a%e a ,e&io(. $t almost all sc&ees.
$L6ID3 6o select t#e com,ay
i/o meu.
$t %ate!ay o/ tally sc&ees.
$L6IC 6o c&eate a le(%e& at a
1ouc#e& sc&ee.
$t accouti% 1ouc#e& a( alte&atio
sc&ee.
$L6IN 6o a(( multi,le colum to
a &e,o&ts
$t all &e,o&t= t&ial 'alace= cas# 'ak
'ook a( Jou&al &e%iste& sc&ee.
$L6I7 6o ,&it &e,o&t. $t all &e,o&t sc&ee.
C6RLIK 6o 3uite a sc&ee. $t almost all sc&ee.
E)AM;LE
T,-.s-5tio. /o, A*,il B00H
1- Nan*ini 5a1ur Starte* %ni8er$al 9u$ine$$ Solution 9y bringing
)n a$- o" R$.&IIIII.
A$ 1er 'ally on8ention$
A- reate !e*ger6 Nan*ini 5a1ur a1ital AMc >%n*er a1ital
Account?
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Account$ )n"o L !e*ger L Sim1le
!e*ger L reate to bring u1 t-e !e*ger creation Screen.
Name6 Nan*ini 5a1ur a1ital AMc.
>allia$?6 !ea8e t-e 2el* blan..
%n*er /rou16 Select a1ital AMc.
O1ening 9alance$6 !ea8e t-e 2el* blan..
9- Ma.e an entry in t-e recei1t =ouc-er.
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Accounting 8ouc-er L #D6 Recei1t.
re*it 1articular 6 Nan*ini 5a1ur a1ital AMc -&IIIII
Debit 1articular6 a$- >1re-*e2ne* le*ger? amount o"
R$.&IIIII i$ automatically *i$1laye*.
Narration6 S.i1.
2- M$. 5a1ur o1ene* a ban. account ,it- HD# 9an.3 9angalore
"or t-e 2rm by *e1o$iting ca$- o" R$.1IIIII.
A$ 1er 'ally on8ention6
A- reate le*ger "or HD# 9an. >%n*er 9an. Account$?.
Ma.e an entry o" t-e tran$action in t-e ontra
=ouc-er.
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Accounting =ouc-er$ L
#+6 ontra.
re*it 1urc-a$e$6 ca$-- 1IIIII.
Debit 1articular$6 HD# 9an. Pamount o" R$.
1IIIII i$ automatically *i$1laye*.
Narration6 S.i1.
&- M$. 5a1ur rente* an oQce $1ace "or R$.2AII 1er mont- on A1ril
I13 2IIE. S-e 1ai* $ecurity *e1o$it o" R$.2AIII by -eKue.
A$ 1er 'ally con8ention6
A- reate le*ger PSecurity *e1o$it P OQce >un*er
*e1o$it >A$$et$?
Ma.e an entry o" t-e tran$action in a Payment
=ouc-er.
Debit6 Security De1o$it P OQce-2AIII.
re*it6 HD# 9an.-2AIIII.
+- M$..a1ur -ire* Maya Nair a$ Manager P O1eration on a Mont-ly
$alary o" R$.RAII. S-e al$o -ire* =iOay Narayan a$ A$$i$tant
Manager P Mar.eting on a mont-ly Salary o" R$.+AII.
No entry i$ reKuire* "or tran$action a$ t-ey are
not accounting tran$action$.
A- M$. 5a1ur i$$ue* c-eKue$ an* 1urc-a$e* t-e 24e* a$$et$
A cell 1-one "or oQce u$age "or R$. DIII>u$e"ul li"e3A
year$ ?.
#urniture "or R$.2IIII >u$e"ul li"e 3E year ?.
A$ 1er 'ally on8ention
A- reate le*ger P ellular 1-one 3 #urniture >%n*er
#i4e* A$$e$t?
/o to /ate,ay o" 'ally L Account$ )n"o L !e*ger$
L reate to bring u1 t-e Muti !e*ger reation
Screen.
Select #i4e* A$$et$ in t-e 2el*.
9- Ma.e an entry o" t-e tran$action in a 1ayment
=ouc-er.

THE INTERNET
:n )he 1970&1 co.+u)er engineer& a) re&earch in&)i)u)ion& )hroughou) )he 0-
began )o link )heir co.+u)er& )oge)her u&ing )eleco..unica)ion& )echnolog*.
$hi& eGor) wa& ,unded b* ARPA1 and )he co.+u)er ne)work )ha) i) +roduced wa&
called )he ARPAC"$. $he )echnologie& )ha) .ade )he Ar+ane) +o&&ible &+read
and e5ol5ed. :n )i.e1 )he ne)work &+read be*ond acade.ic in&)i)u)ion& and
beca.e known a& )he :n)erne). :n )he 1990&1 )he de5elo+.en) o, (orld (ide
(eb )echnologie& enabled non')echnical +eo+le )o u&e )he in)erne)1 and i) grew
ra+idl* )o beco.e a global co..unica)ion& .ediu. )nternet 6
:) can be de<ned a& a huge ne)work &+read acro&& )he globe connec)ing 5a&)
nu.ber o, co.+u)er&1 +eo+le1 in,or.a)ion and )echnolog*. :) can al&o be de<ned
a& a ne)work o, ne)work& +ro5iding in,or.a)ion on an* i.aginable )o+ic )o
e5er*one on ear)h. :) i& con)inuou&l* growing global area ne)work which i&
u+da)ed wi)h load& o, in,or.a)ion e5er* &econd.
Web 1age 6
:n,or.a)ion on )he in)erne) i& di&+la*ed in )he ,or. o, da)a on one ,ull &creen a)
a )i.e. $hi& ,ull &creen di&+la* o, in,or.a)ion i& called a& a ,eb 1age.
:n,or.a)ion regarding an* one )o+ic can no) be acco..oda)ed on ,ull &creen.
$here,ore )he* are di5ided in)o .ul)i+le web +age& which are in)erconnec)ed
wi)h each o)her. $he <r&) +age di&+la*ed i..edia)el* on re2ue&)ing an*
+ar)icular in,or.a)ion on ne) i& known a& -ome 1age.
Site6
:n,or.a)ion on in)erne) i& +ro5ided u&ing &o.e loca)ion4addre&& or +oin) o,
acce&& which i& known a& &i)e. "5er* &i)e ha& i)& own uni2ue addre&& )hrough
which da)a a5ailable on i) can be acce&&ed.

Web Ser8er6
-er5er& are &+ecial ca)egor* o, +ower,ul co.+u)er& )ha) can +ro5ide &er5ice& )o
o)her connec)ed co.+u)er&. #o.+u)er& )ha) are +ro5iding &er5ice& )o o)her
co.+u)er& on in)erne) are known a& web &er5er&. $he* are al&o called a& ho&)
&*&)e.& or ho&) co.+u)er&. $he&e &er5er& &)ore web +age& and )ran&,er )he. )o
)he re2ue&)ing co.+u)er& on )he in)erne). Ae&ide& web &er5er& ,ollowing )*+e& o,
&er5er& are al&o a5ailable on in)erne)/
Hy1er 'e4t6
A h*+er )e3) i& &+ecial kind o, )e3) on a web +age )ha) lead& )o &o.e o)her )e3)
on clicking i). #ur&or change& i)& &ha+e a& i) i& +laced on an* h*+er )e3) and
generall* ge)& con5er)ed in)o a hand wi)h +oin)ing <nger. #licking on an*
h*+er)e3) o+en& and )ake& ano)her +age
u& )o ano)her loca)ion. 8*+er )e3) in an* docu.en) or a web +age i& di&+laced in
diGeren) color o)her )han )he nor.al )e3) color and .o&)l* underline.
Worl* Wi*e Web6
:) i& a &*&)e. which &u++or)& and .anage& )he linking o, in)er'rela)ed <le&. :) i&
al&o called a& (3. :) wa& originall* de&igned b* a +h*&ici&) na.ed 'im 9erner$
in Par)icle& Ph*&ic& #en)re in 9ene5a. :) can be &een wi)h al.o&) e5er* &i)e
addre&& and )he* are &earched u&ing (orld (ide (eb.
)nternet Ser8ice$ Pro8i*er6
$hi& i& a bod* or an organi6a)ion )hrough which a u&er i& able )o acce&& in)erne).
An :-P +ro5ide& in)erne) &er5ice& )o i)& &ub&criber&. :) i& )he re&+on&ibili)* o, an
:-P )o +ro5ide in)erne) &er5ice& )o )he u&er and handle all i)& connec)ion
+rocedure&. An in)erne) &er5ice +ro5ider bridge )he ga+ be)ween )he u&er and
in)erne) "5er* na)ion and coun)r* ha& 5ariou& :-P& who oGer in)erne) &er5ice& )o
)heir ci)i6en&. :n :ndia ,ollowing :-P& are oGering :n)erne) #onnec)ion/
1? A-CL =Ahara) -anchar Ciga. Li.i)ed?
2? -a)*a. nline
3? %$CL =%ahanagar $ele+hone Ciga. Li.i)ed?
4? C(
5? D:-8C"$
Web 9ro,$er$6
$hi& i& a kind o, &o,)ware in which web&i)e& can be 5iewed. nce an in)erne)
connec)ion i& e&)abli&hed &o,)ware i& needed in which web +age& or 8$%L
docu.en)& can be 5iewed. (eb brow&er& are )ho&e &+ecial kind& o, +rogra.&
)ha) di&+la* 8$%L docu.en)& o, (3. -o.e o, )he web brow&er& are %icro&o,)
:n)erne) "3+lorer1 Ce) &+ace Ca5iga)or1 %o6illa (eb Arow&er e)c.
#eature$ o" H'M!<
.. De&igning or +rogra..ing o, web +age& i& done u&ing 8$%L language.
/. #rea)ion o, web +age& i& ac)uall* a crea)ion o, 8$%L docu.en). $hi&
8$%L docu.en) when &een in brow&er i& con5er)ed in)o a web +age.
0. 8$%L docu.en) i& a collec)ion o, 5ariou& N)ag&O and )heir +ro+er)ie&
known a& Na))ribu)e&O. 7or e5er* &ingle )a&k )here are +rede<ned )ag&
and )heir a))ribu)e&. $here are +rede<ned )ag& and )heir a))ribu)e&.
$here i& a +rede<ned &*n)a3 o, wri)ing )he&e )ag& and a) +ro+er +lace&
in 8$%L docu.en)&.
1. 8$%L docu.en) can be crea)ed in an* )e3) edi)or and )he* look like
+lain )e3) <le&. 8$%L docu.en)& .u&) be &a5ed wi)h e3)en&ion Lh).M
or Lh).lM. $he&e docu.en)& when di&+la*ed in an* web brow&er look
e3ac)l* like a web +age or in ano)her word& we can &a* )ha) )he* go)
con5er)ed in)o web +age&.
2. $ag& o, 8$%L docu.en)& de<ne )he con)en)& and look o, )he
docu.en). Al.o&) e5er* )ag ha& a beginning +oin) and a )er.ina)ion
+oin) and are enclo&ed wi)hin angle bracke)&P Q. "ach )ag ha&
diGeren) role )o +la* and i) i& iden)i<ed b* i)& na.e i.e. i)& ele.en).
Al&o )here are &o.e )ag& )ha) do no) ha5e ending )ag&. $he* are u&ed
&ingl* and are al&o called a& &ingle)on )ag&.
DA'A 'RANSM)SS)ON SPEED 6
A )er. u&ed )o de&cribe )he da)a'handling ca+aci)* o, a
co..unica)ion &*&)e. i& bandwid)h. Aandwid)h i& )he range o,
,re2uencie& )ha) i& a5ailable ,or )he )ran&.i&&ion o, )he da)a. A narrow
range o, ,re2uencie& in a co..unica)ion &*&)e. analogou& )o a narrow
road i.e.1 i)& da)a )ran&,er ra)e i& li.i)ed1 @u&) like a& )he Eow o, )raRc in
)he narrow road. (ider bandwid)h& +er.i) .ore da)a )ran&,er )hrough )he
co..unica)ion channel a) )he &a.e )i.e.
NARROW9AND A
(hen da)a )ran&,er ra)e i& be)ween 45 )o 300 b+& )hen )hi& i& called narrow band
and )ran&.i&&ion. $he* are .ainl* ,or )elegra+h line and low &+eed )er.inal&.
=O)E9AND
Ioice band channel& handle .odera)e da)a 5olu.e& and can )ran&.i) da)a
a) &+eed u+ )o 9600b+&.$he* are &o called becau&e )heir .a@or
a++lica)ion& i& ,or ordinar* )ele+hone 5oice co..unica)ion. %o&) re.o)e
)er.inal& are connec)ed )o co.+u)er& )hrough 5oice band channel.
9ROAD9AND6
Aroad band or wide band channel& are u&ed when large 5olu.e o, da)a i& )o
be )ran&.i))ed a) high &+eed. $he&e &*&)e.& +ro5ide da)a )ran&.i&&ion ra)e& o,
.illion =1000000? b+& or .ore .Cow a da*& broad band co..unica)ion i&
gaining clari)*. $hi& i& ba&icall* u&ed in .obile de5ice& &uch a& cellular +hone1
la+)o+1 no)ebook e)c.
Mo*em
%odula)ion and de.odula)ion
:) con5er)& digi)al da)a in)o analog da)a =called .odula)ion?
and a) )he recei5ing end1 i) con5er)& analog da)a in)o digi)al da)a =called
de.odula)ion?%ode.& u&uall* o+era)e a) &+eed& ranging ,ro. 21400 )o 2H1H00
bi)& +er &econd o5er )ele+hone line&1 a) ,a&)er ra)e& o5er lea&ed line&
D)/)'A! AND ANA!O/ 'RANSM)SS)ON<
Da)a i& +ro+aga)ed ,ro. one +oin) )o ano)her b* .ean& o, elec)rical &ignal
inch can be o, )wo ,or.&/=1? analog &ignal& =2? digi)al &ignal&
:n ACAL9 -:9CAL )he )ran&.i))ed +ower ari&e o5er a co..unica)ion range a&
in &ound1 ligh) and radio wa5e&
E-OMMERE6
-hor) ,or elec)ronic co..erce. #o..ercial ac)i5i)* )ha) )ake& +lace b*
.ean& o, co.+u)er& connec)ed )hrough a ne)work. "lec)ronic co..erce
can occur be)ween a u&er and a 5endor )hrough )he :n)erne)1 and online
in,or.a)ion &er5ice1 or a bulle)in board &*&)e. =AA-?1 or be)ween 5endor
and cu&)o.er co.+u)er& )hrough elec)ronic da)a in)erchanged ="D:?.

'y1e$ o" ommunication Me*ia
#o..unica)ion .edia are )he co..unica)ion channel& )hrough which
in,or.a)ion i& )ran&.i))ed be)ween co.+u)er& in a ne)work
ommunication me*ia categorie$
#o..unica)ion .edia are broadl* di5ided in)o )wo ca)egorie&/
Ph*&ical line or wired .edia
(irele&& .edia
Wire* Me*ia
$wi&)ed +air cable
#oa3ial cable
7iber o+)ic cable
',i$te* Pair able
:) con&i&)& o, )wo wire& )wi&)ed in)o a &+iral con<gura)ion
(ire& are u&uall* .ade u+ o, co++er S &)eel
:) ha& been e3)en&i5el* u&ed ,or )ele+hone &*&)e.& and &hor) di&)ance
=le&& )han 1k.?
$he en)ire cable i& u&uall* &urrounded wi)h a )ough PI# &hea)h )o +ro)ec)
i) ,ro. handling or i)& en5iron.en)
$P i& nor.all* u&ed )o carr* da)a a) &+eed& ,ro. 10%b+& )o 100%b+&
#iber O1tical able
+)ical <ber i& a )hin1 Ee3ible .ediu. )ha) carrie& da)a in )he ,or. o, ligh)
wa5e& )hrough a gla&& TwireT or cable.
$he cladding i& co5ered b* a concen)ric la*er o, )hin +la&)ic or gla&&
=@acke)? )ha) +ro)ec)& i)
$he core dia.e)er i& be)ween H and 200 .icro.e)er&
$he &+eed i& 2500.b+&

oa4ial able
:) i& a )hick &ingle wire con&i&)ing a cen)ral co++er wire which i&
&urrounded b* PI# in&ula)ion
n )hi& PI# in&ula)ion a &lee5e o, a co5ering co++er .e&h i& +laced
$he* are e3)en&i5el* u&ed in long di&)ance )ele+hone line& and cable $I&.
$he* can handle 151000 )ele+hone call& &i.ul)aneou&l*
)he en)ire wire i& co5ered wi)h an in&ula)ing @acke)


Wirele$$ Me*ia
Micro,a8e ommunication
$ran&.i) da)a wi)hou) )he u&e o, cable
Parabolic=+a)h o, cur5e? an)enna& are .oun)ed on )ower& )o &end a bea.
)o ano)her an)enna&=100k.?
#hea+er )han digging )renche& ,or la*ing cable
%icrowa5e &*&)e.& u&e re+ea)er& a) in)er5al& o, abou) 25 )o 30k.&
:) +er.i) da)a )ran&.i&&ion ra)e& o, abou) 16 9iga bi)& +er
&ec= 19igaU109b+&

Satellite ommunication
$he&e &a)elli)e& are launched ei)her b* rocke)& or b* &+ace &hu))le& and
+laced in a geo&)a)ionar* orbi) a) 36000k. abo5e )he e2ua)or.
$he &+eed o, )he &a)elli)e& in )hi& orbi) e2ual& )o )he &+eed o, ro)a)ion o,
)he ear)h

ca5i5ek&inghVindia)i.e&.co. 9415052690

ITT Online Test Application

System Requirement
Pentium II and above
Display Settings True Color! and Screen "rea #$$ by %$$
&isual 'asic %($
)S*"ccess
Installation Guide
Install &isual 'asic &ersion %($
Copy the +older CNew_Online_Test_100Hrs in the hard drive, -hich
contains "pplication .ile /N!_On"ineTest_100Hrs#e$e0 and
)icroso+t "ccess Database .ile named ss1(mdb!(
Create a shortcut on Des1top +or N!_On"ineTest_100Hrs#e$e
application(
Double Clic1 on the shortcut to run the application(
%ser Guide
@t is a ite&acti1e com,ute& ,&o%&am= !#ic# #el,s t#e stu(ets to e1aluate
t#emsel1es 3uickly. 6#e ste,s to 'e /ollo!e( to &uGsta&t a o*lie e5amiatio
a&e %i1e 'elo!A
S'EPS >to be u$e* by t-e A*mini$trator?
Double Clic1 on the shortcut 2double clic1 on the application
/N!_On"ineTest_100Hrs#e$e& to run the application(
Enter Pass-ord /keep it secret, otherwise security will be failed0(
Then Clic1 on Start Pro3ect! to start the examination on selected
sub3ect(
S'EPS >to be "ollo,e* by t-e Stu*ent$?
.illed up necessary in+ormation and clic1 on Start(
No- examination -ill be started
4uestion and "ns-ers /5 or less0 -ill be displayed(
Chose the correct ans-er /only one0 +rom the "ns-er 'ox at the
Right*6and*Side and clic1 on Clic1 +or Next 4uestion!(
"utomatically the previous "ns-er -ill be saved and any time you
can be bac1 to the previous 7uestion by clic1ing on Clic1 +or
Previous 4uestion! and you can also change the ans-er(
Student can also s1ip to next 7uestion -ithout giving any ans-er and
try those at last(
Do not click on the !"#mit$ #"tton that %ill terminate the
e&amination an' comp"te the re("lt)
"t right*hand*side the starting time and total time remaining -ill be
displayed(
When the time remaining attains $$8$$ value, all controls on the
screen -ill be loc1ed except Submit! button(
Student can chec1 the ans-ers i+ time permits(
"+ter giving all ans-ers -ithin the time, clic1 on Submit! button(
Result -ill be computed immediately and displays on the screen(
!*+P! , !-(tem .nitiali/ation
A0ter completion o0 each online te(t on a partic"lar machine1 the
0ollo%ing (tep( to #e e&ec"te' #- the A'mini(trator 0or
initiali/ation)
Then Initiali9e +rom "dministrator*Session Initiali9ation!( :se the
same pass-ord /as supplied +or "dministrator0
The so+t-are is no- ready +or another online examination(
O*2+3!
"ny time the total duration can be changed +rom "dministrator*Time
Settings /i+ re7uired0( :se the same pass-ord /as supplied +or
"dministrator0
Trou'le S(ootin)
"+ter starting examination i+ someone +ails to +ill up the in+ormation(
Initiali9e again +rom "dministrator*Initiali9ation(
.or any abnormal termination li1e Po-er Cut, Run Time Error,
accidentally closure o+ the "pplication by the Students and +or any
other reason( Start the application again and select Start Pro3ect ;
REPE"T!, +ill the in+ormation again and clic1 on start to resume the
examination /ca"tion4 'on5t initiali/e the (e((ion1 i0 it happen(0
*ATCH NO+ , 1- S%*.ITT/ *0+ ,
SA%RA*H 1ATI0AR
R%N *0+, RG# NO+ , CRO,0123302
.R# SHASHAN1 SA4SNA .#C#A
5
.RS# R%CHI A!ASTHI C#A
IN/4
6, .S,!OR/ 7a)e# No#
a( )acro 8#
b( )ail merge 9#
:, .S,4C"
a# Cell Re+erencing 1:#
'# .unctions :sages 18#
;, TA""0
a( Introduction :1#
b( .eatures :-#
c( .unctions ;0#
8, INTRNT
a( Introduction 8;#
b( .unctions 88#
6, 7O!R7OINT 6:#
7R<AC
Computers are t(e important part o= t(e li=e today#
>irtually in e?ery wal@ o= li=e a person is e$pected to
'e a'le to use o= computer# An Accountant w(o
does not understand computer 'ased Accountin)
system is li@ely to 'e "e=t (i)( 5 dry in t(e
pro=ession# A wor@in) @nowled)e o= in=ormation
tec(nolo)y is a 'asic 'read 5 'utter requirement o=
C(artered Accountant today# In t(e 100 (our
In=ormation Tec(nolo)y trainin) pro)ram we all are
'ein) tau)(t a'out t(e rapidly c(an)in) su'Aect i#e#
Computer to de?elop t(e practical implication o=
in=ormation tec(nolo)y I ?arious areas o=
pro=essional practice#
Our earnest (ope is t(at you will li@e
our (onest (ard wor@ in ma@in) ITT 7roAect on
In=ormation Tec(nolo)y#
AC1NO!"/G.NT
/e?elopin) a proAect was not an easy tas@
and would not (a?e 'een possi'le wit(out t(e (elp
o= and support o= my teac(ers#
<irstB I would li@e to t(an@ ITT =or pro?idin)
me wit( suc( a wonder=ul opportunity#
SecondlyB I would t(an@ my teac(er .r#
SHASHAN1 SA1SNA and .rs# R%CHI A!ASTHI
w(o (a?e pro?ided me all t(e (elp and support I
needed w(ile de?elopin) t(e proAect#
<inallyB t(an@s to ICAI =or 'est @nowled)e o=
computer#
.S !OR/
.icroso=t !ord )i?es us many power=ul tools =or creatin)
and de?elopin) word documents# !ord is also a ?ery
use=ul TOO" =or manipulatin) te$t and TO 7RO/%C
documents suc( as memosB class notesB lettersB term
paperB and ot(er written te$t#
I.7ORTANT <AT%RS O< .S,!OR/
)s*Word not only supports -ord processing +eatures but also DTP
+eatures( Some o+ the important +eatures o+ )s*Word are as +ollo-s8
Word Wrap
Deleting Text
Inserting Text
Type <ver
)oving and Copying Text
Spell Chec1ing
"ppearance
"lignment
=usti+ication
Tables
.ile )anagement
A#.ACRO
" macro is a single instrument that per+orms several di++erent commands
in a se7uence determined by the user, and triggered -hen you run it(
Typical uses +or macros are8
To speed up routine editin) and =ormattin)
To combine multiple commands > +or example, to insert a ta'le
wit( a speci=ic siCe and 'orders, and -ith a speci+ic number o+
ro-s and columns
To ma1e an option in a dialog box more accessible
To automate a comple$ series o= tas@s
We can use the macro recorder to record a se7uence o+ actions, or you
can create a macro +rom scratch by entering &isual 'asic +or
"pplications /&isual 'asic +or "pplications /&'"08 " macro*language
version o+ )icroso+t &isual 'asic that is used to program )icroso+t
Windo-s*based applications and is included -ith several )icroso+t
programs(0 code in the &isual 'asic Editor /&isual 'asic Editor8 "n
environment in -hich you -rite ne- and edit existing &isual 'asic +or
"pplications code and procedures( The &isual 'asic Editor contains a
complete debugging toolset +or +inding syntax, run*time, and logic
problems in your code(0(
RCOR/ A .ACRO
<pen )icroso+t Word by double*clic1ing your program icon or clic1
?Start,? then ?"ll Programs? and clic1 ?)icroso+t Word? on the
menu(
<pen a blan1 page by clic1ing the ?'lan1 Page? icon on the
?Standard Toolbar? at the top o+ the page(
Clic1 ?Tools? on the )enu bar( Choose ?)acro? and then ?Record
Ne- )acro(? The ?Record )acro? box opens
Type a name into the ?Name? box( Call it something you -ill
remember later
Choose ?Toolbars? or ?@eyboard? to have the macro assigned to a
toolbar or to the 1eyboard as a shortcut
Pic1 the location -here you -ant to use the macro( Aou can use
?"ll Documents? or your current document only(
Clic1 ?<@(? The ?)acro? icon appears at the top o+ the page
Type your in+ormation into the macro page( Aou can choose +onts,
set up tables or anything you li1e( Write everything you need to
complete the document(
Clic1 ?Tools? on the menu bar( Choose ?)acro? and then ?Stop
Recording(? The macro stops( <r you can clic1 the ?Stop
Recording? button on the ?)acro? icon( It loo1s li1e a small s7uare
Wherever on your document you -ant to use the
same steps as you have saved ,you may run that +rom choosing
that +rom the list o+ macros

*# .AI" .RGR
.ail mer)e is a so+t-are +unction describing the production o+ multiple
/and potentially large numbers o+0 documents +rom a single template
+orm and a structured data source( This techni7ue is typically used to
create personali9ed letters and pre*addressed envelopes or mailing
labels +or mass mailings +rom a database mailing list o+ names and
addresses(
.ollo-ing are the steps -hich are to be +ollo- -hile create mail merge8*
BC* <pen a blan1 ne- document
BB* Clic1 tool menu
BD* Select letter and mailing merge
B5* Select mail merge -i9ard
BE* Clic1 on! Starting document! on bottom right side o+ the
screen
B%* Clic1 on Select recipient! option on the bottom side o+ the
screen
BF* Select create option
B#* Select customi9e option
BG* Remove all those +ield -hich are not re7uired
D$* Hive the relevant in+ormation in the appropriate boxes +or all the
person by clic1ing on the Ne- entry! button respectively and
+inally press close button
DC* Save the above given data by any name and press o1 button
DB* Type the matter that you -ant to send to all the person
DD* Place the insertion point at the position -here you -ant very +irst
+ield
D5* Clic1 on insert merge tool ISixth option +rom the le+t side on mail
merge tool barJ
aK*Select the appropriate +ield +rom the available list
bL*Press the insert button clic1 close button
cK*Change the position and repeat last three steps
DE* Select -rite your letter option
D%* Select previe- i+ your letter
DF* Select complete the merge
D#* Select edit individual letter
DG* Select o1 button
5$* "s a result the matter -ill be available +or all the record on
separate pages

SC%RIT0 <AT%R IN .S_!OR/
Security +eature available in )SMW<RD allo- using a pass-ord to open
or modi+y a +ile(
<pen the +ile
<n the tool menu, clic1 option and then clic1 security(
In the pass-ord to open box, type a pass-ord and then clic1 <@(
In the reenter pass-ord to modi+y box, type the pass-ord again
and then clic1 <@(
.S 4C"
Excel is -hat is 1no-n as a spreadsheet application( In the days be+ore
spreadsheets, columns o+ numbers -ere calculated on sheets o+ papers
all addition, subtraction etc( -here done manually by the user(
" spreadsheet still uses the idea o+ a large sheet o+ paper into
-hich numbers are entered( " spreadsheet is a highly interactive
computer program that consists o+ a collection o+ ro-s and columns that
are displayed on screen in a scrollable -indo-( The intersection o+ each
ro- and column is called a cell(
CO.7ONNT O< .S_4C"+
C$* !or@'oo@8 It is a +ile in )SMENCEO(
CC* !or@s(eet8 Wor1boo1 consists o+ -or1sheet(
CB* Rows+ These are hori9ontal collection o+ cells(
CD* Columns8 These are vertical collection o+ cells(
C5* Cell8 It is intersection o+ ro-s and columns(
CE* <ormula *ar+ It is a bar that displays and edits the contents
o+ the cell(
C%* Name *o$+ It displays the address o+ each cell(
CF* S(eet Ta's+ These are used to identi+y di++erent sheets(
C#* Acti?ity cell+ It is a cell in -hich -e -or1(
A# C"" R<RNCING
Relati?e cell re=erencin) +
In this method cell address automatically changes -hen a +ormula is
dragged and applied to another cell(
A'solute cell re=erencin)+
In this method cell address remains constant and does not change
-hen a +ormula is dragged and to applied to another cell(
.i$ed cell re=erencin)+
In this method, -e can +ix either the ro- or column number and
changes automatically -hen a +ormula is dragged and applied to
another cell( To +ix ro- or column -e used the dollar sign /P0 be+ore
the ro- or column value(
Common error in =ormula+
When -e enter +ormula, sometimes you get some message( These
messages indicate that some error has occurred( These are some o+
the error messages(
DDDD+ It indicate that cell in too small to display the result(
DNA.E+ It indicate that the +unction contains a name that
Excel does not recogni9e(
DR<+ It indicates that the +ormula re+ers to a cCreated on
BD2$%2B$$G C$8$# ")ell that is not present(
D>A"%+ It indicates that the +ormula re+ers to a cell that
contains text(
*# <%NCTION
%SAGSCRATING CHART IN
.S 4C"
Charts are graphical representation o+ -or1sheet data( We can use
charts to present complicated data to people -ho -ant to interpret the
data 7uic1ly(
Creating a chart in )icroso+t <++ice Excel is 7uic1 and easy( Excel
provides a variety o+ chart types that you can choose +rom -hen you
create a chart( In )icroso+t <++ice Excel B$$F, it is easy to create
pro+essional loo1ing charts( Simply by choosing a chart type, a chart
layout, and a chart style>all o+ -hich are -ithin easy reach on the
ne- <++ice Excel B$$F Ribbon(
Steps to create a c(art

Example8 .or the +ollo-ing data -e are to prepare a chart8
.at(ematical =unction+
INT FNum'er&+ It rounds the number do-n to the nearest
integer(
$ample+ GINT F2#3&
It returns 2
.O/ Fnum'erB di?isor&+ It returns the remainder a+ter the
number the number is divided by divisor(
$ample+ G.O/ F;B :&
IT returns 1 'ecause remainder is 1
7O!R FNum'erB 7ower&+ It returns the result o+ a number
raised to po-er(
$ample+ G7O!R F6B :&
It wills returns :6#
RO%N/ FNum'erB num /i)its& 8 IT rounds the number to a
speci+ied number o+ digits(
$ample+ GRO%N/ F:#16B 1&
It wills returns :#:
SHRT FNum'er&+ It returns the positive s7uare root(
$ample+ GSHRT F1-&
It will return 8#
S%. FNum'er1B Num'er:&+ It adds all the number in arrange
o+ cell(
$ample+ GS%. F;B :&
IT returns 6 'ecause it adds ; and :#
A>RAG FNum'erB Num'er:I#&+ It returns the average o+
the given argument(
$ample+ GA>RAG F:B 8B 6B 3#&
It wills returns 6#
T4T <%NCTION+
"N FTe$t&+ IT returns the number o+ character in a text string(
$ample+ G"N FJ.S 4C"K&
It wills returns 2#
CONCATNAT FTe$t1B Te$t:I&+ It 3oin several text strings in
to one text string(
$ample+ GCONCATNAT FJ>I>1KBKSINGH&
It will return >I>1SINGH
"<T FTe$tBNum,C(ars&+It returns the +irst character or
character in a text string, based on the number o+ character you
speci+y(
$ample+ G"<T FJ>I>1KB;&
It returns >I>#
"O!R FJTe$tK&+ It converts the uppercase letter in a text
string to lo-er case(
$ample+ G"O!R FJ.INA1SHIK&
It will return mina@s(i#
%77R FJTe$tK&+ It con?erts te$t to uppercase#
$ample+ G%77R FJro(itK&
It will return ROHIT#
/ate and Time <unction
/AT F0earB .ont(B /ay&+ It returns the se7uential serial
number that represent a particular date( I+ the cell +ormat -as
Heneral be+ore the +unction -as entered, the result is +ormatted
as a date( Excel interprets the year argument according to the
date system you are using( 'y de+ault, Excel uses the CG$$
system(
$ample+ G/AT F:006B 11B -&
It will return ;2--:#
/A0 FJSerial Num'er or /ateK&+ It returns the day o+ a date(
The day is given as integer ranging +rom CtoDC
$ample+ G/A0 F;2--:&
It will return -
.ONTH FSerial Num'er or J/ateK&+It returns the month o+ a
date represented by a serial number( The month is given as an
integer ranging +rom C/=anuary0 toCB /December0(
$ample+ G.ONTH F;2--:&
It will return 11#
0AR FSerial Num'er or J/ateK&+ It returns the year
corresponding to a date( The year is returned as an integer in
the range CG$$*GGGG(
$ample+ G0AR F;2--:&
It will return :006#
NO!F&+It return the current date and time set on the computer
HO%R Fserial num'er or Time&+ It returns the hour o+ a time
value(
$ample+ GHO%R FJ16+;0K&
It will return 16#
<INANCIA" <%NCTION
<uture ?alue+ Returns the +uture value o+ an investment based on
periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate(
Synta$
<> /rate, nperB pmtB 7>B type0
Nper+ Returns the number o+ periods +or an investment based on
periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate(
Synta$
N7R /rate, pmt, 7>, +v, type0
7mt+ Calculates the payment +or a loan based on constant
payments and a constant interest rate(
Synta$
7.T /rate, nperB p?B =?B type0
7?+ Returns the present value o+ an investment( The present value
is the total amount that a series o+ +uture payments is -orth no-(
.or example, -hen you borro- money, the loan amount is the
present value to the lender(
Synta$
7>/rate,nper,pmt,+v,type0
Rate+ Returns the interest rate per period o+ an annuity( R"TE is
calculated by iteration and can have 9ero or more solutions( I+ the
successive results o+ R"TE do not converge to -ithin $($$$$$$C
a+ter B$ iterations, R"TE returns the QN:)R error value(
Synta$
RAT /nper,pmt,p?,+v,type,guess0
TA""0
INTRO/%CTION
The topic is interpreted as either an accounting pac1age
accessible through a -indo-ing inter+ace or one that runs on )icroso+t
-indo-s operating system( Either -ay, Tally +its the description(
"ll screen in tally are vie-ed as -indo-s processing the
+ollo-ing*
*" title bar that displays the name o+ the application
*" tally icon to the le+t that pulls do-n the menu comprising restore,
move, si9e, minimum and maximum menu item(
The visible advantage o+ the accounting pac1age is
simplicity, +lexibility, speed, scalability, and real time access to data
across location and even -ith other applications(

CHARTS O< ACCO%NTS
Personal accounts Real accounts Nominal accounts
Debit
The receiver What comes in Expenses and losses
Credit The giver What goes out Incomes and gains
TA""0 START %7
*Clic1 on StartSProgramsSTally iesF(BSTallyF(B icon(
*Double clic1 on the TallyF(B Icon on the des1top(
The Welcome screen,L Tally,7ower o= simplicityL appears -hile the
so+t-are loads( When the Tally start up screen appears, you are ready to
explore Tally(
STTING %7 A N! CO7.AN0
Company A company is 'asically a =ile w(ere transaction
relatin) to a particular company are entered#
Creating a company

T(e company In=o screen (as =i?e options+
%* Select Company ,to select an existing company +rom the list o+
company already created
F* Create Company is to create ne- one(
#* 'ac1up is to ta1e a bac1up o+ stored data(
G* The option Restore is to extract in+ormation +rom the bac1up
device(
C$* The last option 7uit is to exit +rom Tally(
Selecting Create Company option brings us to the screen given
belo-8
ac( o= t(e =ield in t(e Company Creation screen is
e$plained 'elow#
Name+ It is mandatory to enter the name i+ the company#
.ailin) Address+ .ill in the Company address details( It is
<ptional to enter the )ailing address o+ the Company#
State+ Select the appropriate state +rom the list o+ state(
7in code 8 Enter the Pin code o+ the speci+ied address( This +ield is
optional(
,mail Address+ E*mail address -ill be used to e*mail document,
reports and data +rom Tally( This +ield is optional(
Currency Sym'ol+ Tally displays Rs(by de+ault( This cannot be
modi+ied at the time o+ the creation o+ the Company(
.aintain+ The +ield is used to speci+y -hich section o+ Tally your
company -ould li1e to use( Tally displays t-o options ;"ccount only and
"ccounts -ith Inventory(
<inancial year+ This +ield is used to speci+y the +inancial year +or
the company(
Tally >ault 7assword Fi= any&+ Tally vault is a +acility to 1eep
the protected using a pass-ord( <nce the Pass-ord is set, data is
maintained permanently in an encrypted +orm( This +ield is optional(
%se security control + Tally has a range o+ security controls, -hich
can de+ine the authority o+ various users to access the in+ormation and to
enter2alter2delete2the vouchers( This +ield is optional(
*AS C%RRNC0 IN<OR.ATION
T(e completed Company Creation screen appears s(own#
Tally will ta@e you to t(e J Gateway o= TallyK screen t(at
appears as s(own#

<11+<AT%RS
.CC8 +eature is used to modi+y the various +eatures o+ a company( The
company +eatures are speci+ic to the current company only and thus
each company may have di++erent +eatures activated(
T(e company =eatures screen is as s(own#
<1:+ Con=i)ure
.aster Con=i)uration+ .aster Con=i)uration is used to set t(e details t(at
s(ould appear in t(e accounts masters# T(is is a?aila'le in t(e accounts and
in?entory masters screens t(rou)( t(e <1:+ Con=i)ure 'utton and can 'e modi=ied as
per requirement#
Set t(e .aster Con=i)uration as s(own+
GO to Gateway o= Tally M<1:+ Con=i)ureMAcctsNIn? In=o
>ouc(er Con=i)uration
Go to Gateway o= TallyM=1:+ con=i)ureM ?ouc(er entry#
"ed)ers+ Tally provides a set o+ B# pre*de+ined groups under -hich the
ledger can be classi+ied
*Primary groups ; CE
*Sub groups ; CD
<ut o+ the pre*determined primary groups,
*Nine primary groups appear in the 'alance sheet, -hich are capital in
nature(
*Six primary groups appears in the Pro+it and loss "ccount, -hile are
revenue in nature(
"ll the CD sub*groups are classi+ied under the nine primary groups that
are capital in nature and they appear in the 'alance sheet(
Tally has pre*de+ined ledgers +or Cash /under cash ;in ;hand group0 and
+or the Pro+it and Ooss account /under primary group0(
Create sin)le led)er+
GO to )ateway o= Tally MAccountin) In=o M"ed)er MSin)le
"ed)erMCreate to bring up the Oedger creation screen(
Oedger "2c can also be created +rom the &oucher screen by using the
shortcut 1ey Alt O C

Alter "ed)er + Aou can alter ledger details using either single or
multiple modes( Aou are not allo-ed to delete a ledger +rom multiple
modes( Press 1ey "lt T D to delete ledger under single alteration modes(
/isplay led)er+ Aou can display ledger in either single or multiple
modes( :nder multiple modes you can display all ledgers by choosing
"ll items! in :nder groups! option( Aou can also speci+y the particular
group o+ the ledger you -ant to display(
<%NCTIONS
Accountin) >ouc(ers+

Tally is pre*programmed -ith a variety o+ accounting vouchers, each
designed to per+orm a speci+ic 3ob( The standard vouchers are
Contra >ouc(er
7ayment >ouc(er
Receipt >ouc(er
Pournal >ouc(er
Sales >ouc(er
Contra >ouc(er+
Go to Gateway o= TallyMAccountin) >ouc(erM<8+ Contra to display
t(e Contra >ouc(er#
7ayment ?ouc(er+
Gateway o= Tally M Accountin) >ouc(er M<6+ 7ayment display t(e
7ayment >ouc(er#
Receipt >ouc(er+
Gateway o= Tally M Accountin) >ouc(er M <-+ Receipt display t(e
Receipt >ouc(er#
Sales In?oice+
Go to Gateway o= Tally M Accountin) >ouc(er M <2+ Sales display
t(e Sales In?oice#
<inancial Reports in Tally+
*alance s(eet + The balance sheet is a +inancial statement that
indicates the +inancial strength o+ the company at any given point( It list
the assets and liabilities o+ a company(
Go to )ateway o= Tally M *alance s(eet#
7ro=it and loss Account+ The Pro+it and loss "2c is a +inancial
Statement that describes the operational results o+ the company or its
earning capacity +or a given period( It lists the company incomes and
expenditure( No special processing is re7uired to produce a pro+it and
loss "2c in Tally(
Go to Gateway o= Tally M 7ro=it and "oss ANc#
Clic@ on <1+ detailedB to ?iew a detailed 7ro=it and "oss ANc#L
Cas(N*an@ *oo@s+ To vie- the Cash2'an1 summary
Go to Gateway o= Tally M /isplayMAccounts *oo@s MCas(N*an@
*oo@s#
"ed)er+ To vie- the Oedger summary
Go to Gateway o= Tally M /isplay M Accounts *oo@s M led)er
MSelect led)er ANc
Group summary+ The group summary statement sho-s the closing
balances o+ the accounts o+ a selected group +or a speci+ied period up to
the current date(
Go to Gateway o= Tally M /isplay M Accounts 'oo@s M Group
summary#
Group ?ouc(er+ The group &oucher +eature lists all vouchers
entered in any ledger o+ the selected group(
To vie- group voucher(
Go to Gateway o= Tally M /isplay M Group ?ouc(er M Select )roup#
Pournal re)isters + =ournal registers report display all the 3ournal
vouchers that have been passed (
To vie- 3ournal register details
Go to Gateway o= Tally M /isplay M Accounts 'oo@s M Aournal
re)ister#
/ay 'oo@+ The day boo1 s a list o+ all transaction +or a particular day(
Day boo1, by de+ault, uses the current data(
To vie- Day boo1
Go to Gateway o= Tally M /isplay M /ay 'oo@#
"ist o= Accounts + Oist o+ accounts display the existing chart o+
accounts , listed as group , in alphabetical order (
To vie- list o+ accounts
Go to Gateway o= Tally M display M "ist o= Accounts#
<inancial analysis toolQ
Cas( =low N <und =low statement+ Cash +lo- and +und +lo-
statement help the management in the decision ma1ing process(
Ratio Analysis+
We can analy9e the accounts o+ our company using ratio analysis( Ratio
analysis is use+ul +or management in the decision*ma1ing process( We can
even analy9e di++erent outstanding o+ parties using Receivables turnover ratio
etc( We can display the age*-ise statement in Tally based on the receivables
or payables( The age -ise analysis can be done either on bill date or due
date( 7ress <- @ey in t(e display o= 'ills Recei?a'le or *ills paya'le
report#
Ho to Gateway o= Tally S Ratio analysis
"ist o= =unction @eys
@EA <%NCTIONA"IT0 A>AI"A*I"IT0
.B To change the date( "t almost all screens in tally(
.5 To select the Contra voucher "t accounting voucher creation and
alteration screen
To vie- the list o+ Hroups( "t the trial balance, cashUban1
summary, group summary and group
voucher screens(
To vie- the list o+ ledgers( "t the ledger voucher screens
To change voucher type( "t the 3ournal register and dayboo1
screens(
.E To select the payment voucher "t accounting voucher creation and
alteration screens(
To s-itch bet-een grouped and
ledger*-ise display(
"t the trial balance, cash2ban1
summary and group summary
screens(
.% To select the receipt voucher( "t accounting voucher creation and
alteration screens(
.F To select the 3ournal voucher( "t accounting creation and alteration
screens
To vie- the monthly summary( "t the ledger voucher screen(
To s-itch bet-een group
summary and group vouchers(
"t the group summary and group
voucher screens(
.C$ Navigate bet-een accounting
reports(
"t the reports screens, Trial 'alance,
account boo1s and dayboo1 screens(
.CC To select the +eature screen( "t almost all screens in Tally
.CB To select the con+igure screen( "t almost all screens in Tally(
Special =unction 1ey Com'ination
"OTT.C To close a company( "t all menu screens(
To vie- a detail report( "t almost all report screens
To explore a line into its
details(
"t almost all screens(
"OTT.B To change a period( "t almost all screens(
"OTT.D To select the company in+o
menu(
"t gate-ay o+ tally screens(
"OTTC To create a ledger at a
voucher screen(
"t accounting voucher and alteration
screen(
"OTTN To add multiple column to a
reports
"t all report, trial balance, cash ban1
boo1 and =ournal register screen(
"OTTP To print report( "t all report screen(
CTROT4 To 7uite a screen( "t almost all screen(
4A.7"
Transaction =or April :002
%* Nandini @apur Started :niversal 'usiness Solution 'y bringing In
Cash o+ Rs(D$$$$$(
"s per Tally Conventions
C* Create Oedger8 Nandini @apur Capital "2c /:nder Capital
"ccount0
Ho to Hate-ay o+ Tally S "ccounts In+o S Oedger S Simple
Oedger S Create to bring up the Oedger creation Screen(
Name8 Nandini @apur Capital "2c(
/allias08 Oeave the +ield blan1(
:nder Hroup8 Select Capital "2c(
<pening 'alances8 Oeave the +ield blan1#

'* )a1e an entry in the receipt &oucher(
Ho to Hate-ay o+ Tally S "ccounting voucher S .%8 Receipt(
Credit particular 8 Nandini @apur Capital "2c *D$$$$$
Debit particular8 Cash /pre*de+ined ledger0 amount o+
Rs(D$$$$$ is automatically displayed(
Narration8 S1ip(
F* )s( @apur opened a ban1 account -ith 6D.C 'an1, 'angalore
+or the +irm by depositing cash o+ Rs(C$$$$$(
"s per Tally Convention8
"* Create ledger +or 6D.C 'an1 /:nder 'an1 "ccounts0(
)a1e an entry o+ the transaction in the Contra
&oucher(
Ho to Hate-ay o+ Tally S "ccounting &ouchers S
.58 Contra(
Credit purchases8 cash* C$$$$$(
Debit particulars8 6D.C 'an1 ;amount o+ Rs(
C$$$$$ is automatically displayed(
Narration8 S1ip(
D* )s( @apur rented an o++ice space +or Rs(BE$$ per month on "pril
$C, B$$#( She paid security deposit o+ Rs(BE$$$ by Che7ue(
"s per Tally convention8
'* Create ledger ;Security deposit ; <++ice /under deposit /"ssets0
)a1e an entry o+ the transaction in a Payment
&oucher(
Debit8 Security Deposit ; <++ice*BE$$$(
Credit8 6D.C 'an1*BE$$$$(
#* )s(1apur hired )aya Nair as )anager ; <peration on a )onthly
salary o+ Rs(FE$$( She also hired &i3ay Narayan as "ssistant
)anager ; )ar1eting on a monthly Salary o+ Rs(5E$$(
No entry is required =or transaction as t(ey are not
accountin) transactions#
G* )s( @apur issued che7ues and purchased the +ixed assets
" cell phone +or o++ice usage +or Rs( %$$$/use+ul li+e,E
years 0(
.urniture +or Rs(B$$$$ /use+ul li+e ,# year 0(
"s per Tally Convention
"* Create ledger ; Cellular phone , .urniture /:nder .ixed "ssest0
Ho to Hate-ay o+ Tally S "ccounts In+o S Oedgers
S Create to bring up the )uti Oedger Creation
Screen(
Select .ixed "ssets in the +ield(
*, )a1e an entry o+ the transaction in a payment &oucher(
TH INTRNT
INTRO/%CTION
In the CGF$s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the
:S began to lin1 their computers together using telecommunications
technology( This e++ort -as +unded by "RP", and the computer net-or1,
-hich it produced, -as called the "RP"NET( The technologies that
made the "rpanet possible spread and evolved( In time, the net-or1
spread beyond academic institutions and became 1no-n as the
INTERNET( In theCGG$s , the development o+ W<ROD WIDE WE'
technologies enabled non*technical people to use the internet, and it
gre- rapidly to become a global communications medium Internet +
It can be de+ined as a huge net-or1 spread across the globe connecting
vast number o+ computers, people, in+ormation and technology( It can
also be de+ined as a net-or1 o+ net-or1s providing in+ormation on any
imaginable topic to everyone on earth( It is continuously gro-ing global
area net-or1 -hich is updated -ith loads o+ in+ormation every second(
<%NCTIONS
!e' pa)e +
In+ormation on the internet is displayed in the +orm o+ data on one +ull
screen at a time( This +ull screen display o+ in+ormation is called as a
we' pa)e( In+ormation regarding any one topic can not be
accommodated on +ull screen( There+ore they are divided into multiple
-eb pages -hich are interconnected -ith each other( The +irst page
displayed immediately on re7uesting any particular in+ormation on net is
1no-n as (ome pa)e(
Site+
In+ormation on internet is provided using some location2address or point
o+ access -hich is 1no-n as site( Every site has its o-n uni7ue address
through -hich data available on it can be accessed(

!e' Ser?er+
Servers are special category o+ po-er+ul computers that can provide
services to other connected computers( Computers that are providing
services to other computers on internet are 1no-n as -eb servers( They
are also called as host systems or host computers( These servers store
-eb pages and trans+er them to the re7uesting computers on the
internet( 'esides -eb servers +ollo-ing types o+ servers are also
available on internet8
Hyper Te$t+
" hyper text is special 1ind o+ text on a -eb page that leads to some
other text on clic1ing it( Cursor changes its shape as it is placed on any
hyper text and generally gets converted into a hand -ith pointing +inger(
Clic1ing on any hypertext opens and ta1es another page
us to another location( 6yper text in any document or a -eb page is
displaced in di++erent color other than the normal text color and mostly
underline(
!orld !ide !e'+
It is a system -hich supports and manages the lin1ing o+ inter*related
+iles( It is also called as WD( It -as originally designed by a physicist
named Tim *erners in Particles Physics Centre in Heneva( It can be
seen -ith almost every site address and they are searched using World
Wide Web(
Internet Ser?ices 7ro?ider+
This is a body or an organi9ation through -hich a user is able to access
internet( "n ISP provides internet services to its subscribers( It is the
responsibility o+ an ISP to provide internet services to the user and
handle all its connection procedures( "n internet service provider bridge
the gap bet-een the user and internet Every nation and country has
various ISPs -ho o++er internet services to their citi9ens( In India
+ollo-ing ISPs are o++ering Internet Connection8
%0 'SNO /'harat Sanchar Nigam Oimited0
F0 Satyam <nline
#0 )TNO /)ahanagar Telephone Nigam Oimited0
G0 N<W
C$0 DIS6NET
!e' *rowsers+
This is a 1ind o+ so+t-are in -hich -ebsites can be vie-ed( <nce an
internet connection is established so+t-are is needed in -hich -eb
pages or 6T)O documents can be vie-ed( Web bro-sers are those
special 1inds o+ programs that display 6T)O documents o+ WD( Some o+
the -eb bro-sers are )icroso+t Internet Explorer, Net space Navigator,
)o9illa Web 'ro-ser etc(
<eatures o= HT."+
3. Designing or programming o+ -eb pages is done using 6T)O
language(
4. Creation o+ -eb pages is actually a creation o+ 6T)O document(
This 6T)O document -hen seen in bro-ser is converted into a
-eb page(
5. 6T)O document is a collection o+ various VtagsW and their
properties 1no-n as VattributesW( .or every single tas1 there are
prede+ined tags and their attributes( There are prede+ined tags
and their attributes( There is a prede+ined syntax o+ -riting
these tags and at proper places in 6T)O documents(
6. 6T)O document can be created in any text editor and they loo1
li1e plain text +iles( 6T)O documents must be saved -ith
extension htm! or html!( These documents -hen displayed in
any -eb bro-ser loo1 exactly li1e a -eb page or in another
-ords -e can say that they got converted into -eb pages(
.7. Tags o+ 6T)O documents de+ine the contents and loo1 o+ the
document( "lmost every tag has a beginning point and a
termination point and are enclosed -ithin angle brac1etsX S(
Each tag has di++erent role to play and it is identi+ied by its name
i(e( its element( "lso there are some tags that do not have
ending tags( They are used singly and are also called as
singleton tags(
/ATA TRANS.ISSION S7/+
" term used to describe the data*handling capacity o+ a
communication system is band-idth( 'and-idth is the range o+
+re7uencies that is available +or the transmission o+ the data( " narro-
range o+ +re7uencies in a communication system analogous to a narro-
road i(e(, its data trans+er rate is limited, 3ust li1e as the +lo- o+ tra++ic in
the narro- road( Wider band-idths permit more data trans+er through
the communication channel at the same time(
NARRO!*AN/ 8
When data trans+er rate is bet-een 5E to D$$ bps then this is called
narro- band and transmission( They are mainly +or telegraph line and
lo- speed terminals(
>OIC*AN/
&oice band channels handle moderate data volumes and can transmit
data at speed up to G%$$bps(They are so called because their
ma3or applications is +or ordinary telephone voice communication( )ost
remote terminals are connected to computers through voice band
channel(
*ROA/*AN/+
'road band or -ide band channels are used -hen large volume o+
data is to be transmitted at high speed( These systems provide data
transmission rates o+ million /C$$$$$$0 bps or more (No- a days broad
band communication is gaining clarity( This is basically used in mobile
devices such as cellular phone, laptop, noteboo1 etc(
.odem
)odulation and demodulation
It converts digital data into analog data /called modulation0
and at the receiving end, it converts analog data into digital data
/called demodulation0)odems usually operate at speeds ranging +rom
B,5$$ to B#,#$$ bits per second over telephone lines, at +aster rates over
leased lines
/IGITA" AN/ ANA"OG TRANS.ISSION+
Data is propagated +rom one point to another by means o+
electrical signal inch can be o+ t-o +orms8/C0 analog signals /B0 digital
signals
In "N"O<H SIHN"O the transmitted po-er arise over a communication
range as in sound, light and radio -aves
,CO..RC+
Short +or electronic commerce( Commercial activity that ta1es place
by means o+ computers connected through a net-or1( Electronic
commerce can occur bet-een a user and a vendor through the
Internet, and online in+ormation service, or a bulletin board system
/''S0, or bet-een vendor and customer computers through electronic
data interchanged /EDI0(

Types o= Communication .edia
Communication media are the communication channels through -hich
in+ormation is transmitted bet-een computers in a net-or1
Communication media cate)ories
Communication media are broadly divided into t-o categories8
Physical line or -ired media
Wireless media
!ired .edia
T-isted pair cable
Coaxial cable
.iber optic cable
Twisted 7air Ca'le
It consists o+ t-o -ires t-isted into a spiral con+iguration
Wires are usually made up o+ copper Y steel
It has been extensively used +or telephone systems and short
distance /less than C1m0
The entire cable is usually surrounded -ith a tough P&C sheath to
protect it +rom handling or its environment
TP is normally used to carry data at speeds +rom C$)bps to
C$$)bps
<i'er Optical Ca'le
<ptical +iber is a thin, +lexible medium that carries data in the +orm
o+ light -aves through a glass ?-ire? or cable(
The cladding is covered by a concentric layer o+ thin plastic or
glass /3ac1et0 that protects it
The core diameter is bet-een # and B$$ micrometers
The speed is BE$$mbps

Coa$ial Ca'le
It is a thic1 single -ire consisting a central copper -ire -hich is
surrounded by P&C insulation
<n this P&C insulation a sleeve o+ a covering copper mesh is
placed
They are extensively used in long distance telephone lines and
cable T&s(
They can handle CE,$$$ telephone calls simultaneously
the entire -ire is covered -ith an insulating 3ac1et


!ireless .edia
.icrowa?e Communication
Transmit data -ithout the use o+ cable
Parabolic/path o+ curve0 antennas are mounted on to-ers to send
a beam to another antennas/C$$1m0
Cheaper than digging trenches +or laying cable
)icro-ave systems use repeaters at intervals o+ about BE to
D$1ms
It permit data transmission rates o+ about C% Higa bits per
sec/ CHigaZC$Gbps

Satellite Communication
These satellites are launched either by roc1ets or by space
shuttles and placed in a geostationary orbit at D%$$$1m above the
e7uator(
The speed o+ the satellites in this orbit e7uals to the speed o+
rotation o+ the earth(

.S,7O!R 7OINT
INTRO/%CTIOON TO .S,7O!R 7OINT8*
The importance o+ )S*Po-er Point in todayWs +ast moving -orld( It gives a
brie+ note on the +eatures in )S*po-er point and teaches the basic
developing a po-er point presentation( Presentations can be used to
display diverse in+ormation in a clear and concise manner(


Startin) .S,7ower 7oint8*
o Turn the computer on(
o .rom the start button, choose Programs( <pen 7ower 7oint( "
screen -ill appear,
How to use .S,7ower 7oint8*
o This screen prompts you to ma1e a selection +rom the +ollo-ing


o Select 'lan1 presentation( " dialogue box -ill appear(
o Choose the =irst slide(
o Type Title o= 7resentation! in the title box by clic1ing the mouse(
o Place some text in the subtitle box( "nytime you can edit your text,
change +onts, change si9e, or style by using the standard -ord
processing +unctions(
This -ill be complete your +irst slide(
o Create a ne- slide by pulling do-n the insert pull do-n menu(
Select the second layout, clic1 O1(
o Same procedure use in text in second slide(
Insert Clip "rt8*
o Place a graphic belo- the text box by pulling do-n the Insert pull
do-n menu( Choose +rom Clip art(
o Choose the Clip art that you -ould li1e to include in your slide by
clic1ing on it( Select Copy by right clic1 on your mouse or +rom the
dit pull do-n menu(


*ac@)round8*
Deselect any elements on your slide( Right clic1 your mouse or go up to
<ormat, and select *ac@)round( " Dialogues box -ill appear and you
can choose di++erent colours to place on your slides( Choose a colour
and Choose Apply( This -ill a++ect the current slide only( Choose Apply
to all and this -ill a++ect all your slides(
Slide Transition8*
o Select Slide S(ow +rom the pull do-n menu(
o Choose Slide Transition(
o Select a slide transition +rom the choices(
o Choose on mouse clic@(
o Choose Apply(
Custom Animation8*
o Select the +irst text box(
o Select Slide S(ow +rom the pull do-n menu(
o Choose Custom Animation(
o Select an entry animation and sound +rom the choices(
o Choose O1(
Aou can change the slide transition to a timer( Do all 1inds o+ e++ects to
any o+ your slides, graphics or text( These e++ects can transit to anyone
or all o+ your slides(