The History of Babcock Poultry Farm

The History of Babcock Poultry Farm

Founder

Location and Company Development

Staff

Awards

The products and performance in tests

Sales and Marketing

Breeding Systems

Bibliography and Resources

Appendix The Babcock Story

Founder
Munroe Cappel Babcock founded Babcock Poultry Farm in 1935 by when he decided to start his own
hatchery. It was located in a former shop in Ithaca, New York.
Munroe Babcock was born in 1907 in Fredonia, New York near the shores of Lake Erie. His father had
a poultry breeding farm and hatchery in the orchard and grape district of Western New York State.
His father was a mechanical engineer who started a poultry business in 1905 primarily because of his
health. In 1917 the Government took over the railroads as a wartime measure and rail transport was
no longer suitable to ship day old poultry from Western New York. Chickens were Munroe’s only
playmates and he could tell all his father’s White Rock roosters apart by their looks and their crow.
He started breeding chickens when he was 12 and continued into his college days and had a goal of
being the best chicken breeder in the world. He studied poultry husbandry and breeding and
agricultural economics at Cornell University graduating in 1931. His first job was the executive
secretary for the New York State Poultry Breeders Cooperative and had charge of the Association
that ran the Record of Performance and Certification in New York State.
In 1935 he left the Breeders Cooperative to start a hatchery in a leased building in Ithaca financed
with $2,500 from his father. In the first year of operations he sold 111,000 chicks. Two years later
Munroe and his wife Doris bought a farm at Krums Corners with a $2,000 loan from his mother-in-
law and continued the business as Babcock’s Hatchery. They produced two children, Bruce Munroe
and Carolyn Louise. Carolyn married Hans van Lier, a poultryman, who became part of the business.
When he first tried to sell chicks using a fancy printed folder that was a “bunch of lies” and did not
sell a chick. From then on he was determined to tell the truth about the stock. His next catalogue
was completely honest and the chicks sold like “hot cakes” and he gave a discount for cash in full
with order. As a consequence of running the R.O.P. Munroe would have known the strains of
Leghorns that were the better layers and this may have helped in the choice of breeders from whom
he bought stock. In his advertisement (see below) in the 1942 Who’s Who in the Hatching World,
published annually at the time by the International Baby Chick Association (IBCA), he states that he
obtained in 1943 he stock from Dryden, Hanson, Kimber and Seidel; certainly the first three were to
become renowned Leghorn breeders. Munroe was President of the New York IBCA in 1942 and was
on the Board of Directors in 1943. His biographical sketch in the 1943 Who’s Who in the Hatchery
World states that he was also teaching aspects of poultry production and that the hatchery had a
capacity of 235,000. He entered stock in egg laying tests from 1938 until 1955 and during that time
the Babcock Leghorns became one of the pre-eminent strains of layers in America. His birds set an
all-time world record for laying in the egg laying tests and a number of times were acknowledged as
the top laying strain in the U.S. and Canada.

Top Left: Munro C. Babcock holding the White Leghorn rooster from which every B-300 has descended. By
1975 200 million B-300’s were estimated to have been produced,
Top Right: holding a White Leghorn hen and
Bottom: examining day-olds after a hatch (Photos courtesy of ISA-Babcock Inc.).
 Bruce M. Babcock (Photo courtesy of ISA-Babcock Inc.).

The business was selling Rhode Island Reds, New Hampshires and Barred Rocks as well as White
Leghorns. In 1953 a crucial change in breeding took place to protect the Babcock “strain”. They
started crossing their Leghorn lines and sold only males of one strain and females of another strain
to produce a commercial cross for egg producers. In 1954 the hatchery business became very
competitive. Breeders wanted hatcherymen to pay a more realistic price for their breeding stock.
About 10 breeders in the U.S. and one in Canada set up franchise programs. If a hatcheryman
wanted to produce and sell Babcock strain Leghorns he had to buy a “package deal”. For example,
he had to buy 500 day-old male breeders to mate to his 5,000 Babcock pullets as they reached
maturity. He was then producing exactly the same commercial chick that they were producing in
Ithaca. In 1955 when they started the franchise program and stopped selling parent stock to
hatcherymen in the Northeast and supplied that market from Ithaca. They sold parent stock to their
franchises all throughout the U.S., and all over the world. In the 60’s and 70’s they took over the
major share of the N.E. US with the B-300.
In 1963 Munroe started writing a weekly newsletter to all his local salesmen, all his franchise
customers and their salesmen and to all Babcock people around the world. The letters were
translated into Japanese, Chinese, Korean, German, Spanish and a lot of other languages. He wrote
one of these letters every week for over 10 years during 1964 to 1974. He read every book on selling
he could find and added this information to his own selling experience. He emphasised that although
the letters were to chicken people he believed the letters would help any salesman no matter what
business they operated. These letters helped Babcock become one of the largest breeders of laying
stock in the world during 1964 to 1974, with sales of their own of $20 million a year and world-wide
sales from franchise distributors of about $80 million a year.

Munroe C Babcock’s Business Philosophy

Munroe Babcock wrote a book published in 1984 named the “Millionaires Bible”
containing “170 business secrets to put you on the road to riches”. Some of the secrets are
recounted below.

How do you interest a 16 year-old boy into some day running your business?
The Babcock family owned the company until 1977 when A.H. Robins, Inc bought it. Bruce M. Babcock, son of
the founder took over as President in 1964. He had had an unusual grooming for the job, a grooming that
reflected the business philosophy of his father. When he was 16 he took Bruce for a trip to New York and
outlined a plan for him if he wanted some day to operate Babcock Poultry Farm. He would have to do three
things:
1 Graduate from college either in poultry husbandry or business management,
2 Work for some other poultry breeder or poultryman for a while,