[June 2004, P2, Q4]

Fig. 4.1 is an electron micrograph of a mesophyll cell from a leaf.

Fig. 4.1
(a) Calculate the magnification of Fig. 4.1. ho! your !or"ing an# e$press your ans!er to
the nearest !hole num%er.
&ns!er $''''''''''''[2]
(b) (#entify, %y using the letters A to F, a part of the cell sho!n in Fig. 4.1 !here the
follo!ing su%stances are locate#.
chlorophyll
cellulose
)*&
phospholipi#
[4]
(c) tate three !ays in !hich the structure of a re# %loo# cell #iffers from the structure of the
cell sho!n in Fig. 4.1.
[+]
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[*o/ 2000, P2, Q2]
Fig. 2.1 sho!s a trans/erse section of a root no#ule of a legume. Fig. 2.2 is a #ra!ing of a cell
from the centre of the no#ule ma#e from an electron micrograph.
(a) *ame three structures that are present in cells in the corte$ of the root that are not present
in %acterial cells.
[+]
(b) 1$plain the a#/antages of stu#ying cell structure !ith an electron microscope rather than
!ith a light microscope.
4
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[June 2003, P2, Q1]
Fig. 1.1 is a #ra!ing ma#e from an electron micrograph of a cell from the ciliate# epithelium
of the %ronchus.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Complete the ta%le %elo! %y !riting the appropriate letter from Fig. 1.1 to in#icate the
structure that carries out each of the functions liste#. ,he first one has %een complete# for
you.
Function structure
facilitate# #iffusion of glucose B
creates a current to mo/e mucus
aero%ic respiration
ma"es ri%osomes
a site of transcription
pac"ages proteins into lysosomes
[2]
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[*o/ 2003, P2, Q1]
Fig. 1.1 sho!s a %acterial cell #i/i#ing %y %inary fission.
Fig. 1.1
(a) 4ith reference to Fig. 1.1, state three structural features of pro"aryotic cells that are not
sho!n %y eu"aryotic cells.
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[June 2005, P2, Q2]
Fig. 2.1 is an electron micrograph of part of an animal cell. & centriole is la%elle#.
Fig. 2.1
(a) *ame the structures la%elle# A to C.
A
B
C
[+]
(b) )escri%e the roles of centrioles in animal cells.
[+]
(c) 1$plain !hy it is possi%le to see the internal mem%ranes of a cell in electron micrographs,
such as Fig. 2.1, %ut it is not possi%le to see them !hen using the light microscope.
[+]
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[June 200., P2./1, Q1]
Fig. 1.1 sho!s the outline of a ciliate# cell from the human gas e$change system.
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) (nsi#e the ciliate# cell in Fig. 1.1, #ra! the nuclear en/elope an# a mitochon#rion as
they !oul# %e seen !ith an electron microscope.
6a%el these structures.
[+]
(ii) Calculate the magnification of the ciliate# cell in Fig. 1.1.
ho! your !or"ing an# e$press your ans!er to the nearest !hole num%er.
magnification 7 ''''''''''''[2]
[,otal- 2]
[June 200., P2./2, Q1]
8any of the cells in the pancreas pro#uce en9ymes. :olgi %o#ies in the cells pro#uce
secretory /esicles full of en9ymes !hich are release# at the cell surface %y e$ocytosis.
Fig. 1.1 is a #iagram of an en9yme;pro#ucing cell from the pancreas. ,he #iagram is not
complete.
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) Complete Fig. 1.1 %y #ra!ing in the follo!ing-
a :olgi %o#y forming secretory /esicles
a secretory /esicle releasing its contents %y e$ocytosis in the region la%elle# X
[+]
(ii) Calculate the actual #iameter of the nucleus of the pancreatic cell. ho! your !or"ing
an# e$press your ans!er to the nearest micrometre.
&ns!er 7 ''''''''''''[2]
[,otal- 2]
[June 2010, P22, Q1]
Fig. 1.1 is a #iagram of an electron micrograph of a plant cell.
Fig. 1.2 is a #iagram of an electron micrograph of an animal cell.
<oth #iagrams are incomplete.
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2
(a) 1$plain ho! Fig. 1.1 can %e i#entifie# as a plant cell.
[2]
[,otal- 10]
[June 2010, P2+, Q1]
Fig. 1.1 sho!s part of an animal cell /ie!e# !ith an electron microscope.
Fig. 1.1
(b) *ame the structures A to C.
A *
B *
C *
[+]
(c)
(i) tate the function of structure C.
*
[1]
(ii) 1$plain !hy structure C cannot %e seen using a light microscope.
*
[2]
(d) uggest one #isa#/antage of the electron microscope compare# to the light microscope
for the stu#y of cells.
*
[1]
(e) Calculate the magnification of the image in Fig. 1.1.
Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whoe nu!ber.
*
&ns!er 7 ''''''''''''[2]
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