OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF PROJECT

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This project is designed to deal all the hospital details of the company who
maintain database into the Organization. The project is developed for automate the
manually used system in the Organization. Every hospital must keep records of their
patient, doctor, ward test along with other necessary records. !or almost any
business, collecting information and making it available to persons who need to use it
better done when using "omputerized #oftware.
The objective of this project is to resolve the problems occurred in
manual system and provide a computerized solution. $t keeps complete record of
patient, doctor, ward, test and bill also. %ifferent &ueries can be answered time to
time and also the detailed reports are generated in desired format for the organization.
This is a general purpose software package. This project will assist some of
the jobs such as maintenance of patient, doctor ward test information. This
#oftware package will guaranteed minimized Time costs consumed in prevailing
manual system for the Organization.
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
The manual system use various types of register(book to store the different
type of information like)-
*atient related information
%octor related information
+ard related information
Test related information
,ill related information
-eport related information
These types of informations are stored in register manually that is very time
consuming.
$n this manual system, errors problems are occurred always. %ue to this problem,
the company get into loss always. $n this system, if we have need to search a
particular patient details, #o, an employee collect different types of registers to show
the detailes of that patient. This system can not able to maintain inflow outflow of
the patient in a good manner. #o, it is re.uired to implement this system to
"omputerized #ystem.
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PROBLEM DEFINATION
The first step in an initial investigation is to define the problem that led to the
user re.uest. The problem must be stated clearly, understood and agreed upon by the
user and analyst.
$t must state the objectives the user is trying to achieve and the result the user
wants to see. Emphasis should be on logical re.uirements 0what must be result1 of the
problem rather than the physical re.uirements. 2ser re.uirement should be on highest
priority and must be understand well.

%ifferent user has different re.uirements so all the dimensions and aspects
must be considered. 3ike in this system, user wants to maintain a detailed account of
the inflow outflow of goods and reduce the paperwork 0logical objective1. $t does
not matter to how it should be performed 0physical re.uirement1.
$n a manual system, maintaining the record for all such fields can be costly
because it is difficult and not desirable to maintain the same amount of control over
all the records. The organization should then pay more attention to items with high
usage value.
!urther ,many transaction are done by the company and in-between
department are not presentable in the manual system because at the time of filling the
form manually is not contain the right data because there is no data validation are
available at that time.
%ue to processing a large database and making updating is often error prone.
To overcome these problems there is need to automate the manual system. ,ecause an
automate system can .uickly process data in fraction of a section and to save the
manpower.
$n a manual system, paperwork is increased because all the work is done
manually on the paper. This is also increase in the no. of staff members to handle such
large no of records. $t also increased the cost of handling such large data.
$n brief, the manual handling of records in organization is very time
consuming and costly.
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN
#ystem 5nalysis and design refers to the process of e6amining a situation with
the goal of improving it through better procedures and methods. #ystem design is the
process of planning a new system. ,ut before this planning can be done, we must
thoroughly understand the e6isting system and determine how computers can best be
used to make its operations more effectives.
#ystem 5nalysis is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing
problems and using the information to recommended improvements to the #ystem.
,efore development of any project can be pursued a system study is conducted to
learn the details of the current business system. $nformation gathering through the
study, forms the foundation for creating alternative design strategies. 7anagement
selects the strategy to practice.
5nalysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system and
their relationships within an outside of the system. One aspects of analysis is defining
the boundaries of the system and determining whether or not a candidate system
should consider other related systems. %uring analysis data are collected from the
available points and transaction handled by the present system.
#ystem 5nalysis is about understanding situation, not solving problems. Effective
analysis included investigation and .uestioning to learn how a system "urrently
operates and to identify the re.uirements needed for a new or modified One only after
analysis, analysts fully understand the system and they are able to analysis it and
assemble recommendations for system design.
#ystem %esign refers to the technical specification that will be applied on
implementing the candidate system. This involves input(output files and processing
design. %uring the designing of a project, a no. of factors are considered
technical0availability of the .ualified specialists1,operational02ser8s e6perience with
similar projects1,and economic0cost effectiveness of the proposed system1.*olitical
consideration are also play a role is the final selections.
!or designing and development of any good project proper analysis of the
e6isting system is a pre re.uisite. The e6isting system is studied to know the e6tent of
the computerization re.uired. Therefore, a detail analysis of the e6isting system is
conducted for this, the system is broken down into various sub-systems and they are
studied closely, problem areas are identified, information collected with enough
details and the design of the system is finalized.
Tools are essential for system analysis. They improve the manner in which the
development occurs and influence the .uality of the final results. Tools e6tend the
capability of the system analysis in three ways)-

-9$mprove productivity.
-9$mprove effectiveness.
-9$mprove information system .uality.
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USER REQUIREMENTS.
The first step in the system development life cycle is the identification of a need. This
is a user;s re.uest is change, improve ,and enhance an e6isting system. The initial
investigation is one way of handling this.
#hared, complete and accurate information re.uirements are essential a
$n building computer based information systems. 2nfortunately, determining the
information each user needs is a particularly difficult task. $n fact, it is recognized as
one of the most difficult tasks in system development.
The association for computing machinery 05"71 "urriculum committee on
computing education for management recognized this by suggesting Two distinct job
title for systems development<. information analyst< and =systems designer< rather
than the more general term system analyst<. the information analyst determine the
needs of the user and the information flow that will satisfy those needs.
The usual approach is to ask the user what information is currently available and what
Other information is re.uired.
$nteraction between the analyst and the user usually leads to an agreement
about what information will be provided by the candidate system.
2ser;s have the following re.uirements regarding this system)-
2ser want to improve the department service, reduce
the paperwork and possible reduction in staffing
re.uirements.
2ser want to add a record directly by using this system
and they also want that before adding the record for a
new item it checks for the uni.ueness of item-code.
2ser want that they just enter the $%-no to delete or
modify a record and the system find the record using
$%-no.
2ser want to see a particular item details they just enter
the appropriate item code or if all item just enter choice
to show all details of particular data.
5lmost all the re.uirement about the hospital is well understood the critical
re.uirement for the user was to get the updated stock report at the finger tips, the
information about the patient and the outstanding amount.
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PERT CHART
(PROGRAM EVALUATION & REVIEW TECHNIQUE)
5 flow of system model used to identify the activities and the amount of time they
re.uire, show their relationships, specify their se.uence, and have a means of
monitoring progress on the project. $t is the second-generation project-planning tool
are also known as "ritical *ath 7ethod 0"*71.
3ike ?antt chart, *E-T chart shows achievements. The achievements are not task
achievements. They are event achievements .5rrows are used to represent task and
circles represent the beginning or complication of the tasks and events has no
duration. Each task must have a beginning and an ending event.
+hen the network is finished, the ne6t step is to determine the critical path.
$t is the longest path through the network. !or e6ample,
5nalysis 4@A
design /@A %ocumentation
"oding
B> 4:A >C
>C 'C
B> AC 'B/ :CA
C :C 2ser /C
7anual
'4> >C 'D> !inal
,egin $nitial %el(7odify 4BA Testing
*roject Testing -ecords -eview
!orm design $mplementation
Eow, from the *E-T chart we can find out the critical path in order to determine the
actual duration of the project i.e the time taken to complete the project.
"ritical pathF#tart G -' -/ -4 -: -B -D -@
%uration0Hours1FB>IACI'B/I>CI>CI'CF:CAhours.
Total !our Hundred seven0:CA1 hours $ took complete this project.

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COST & BENEFIT ANALYSIS
"ost ( ,enefit analysis gives a picture of the various "osts, benefits and the rules
associated with each alternative system. The procedure entails the following #teps)-
a. $dentifying the costs and benefits pertaining to a project
b. "ategorizing the various costs and benefits for analysis
c. #electing a method of evaluation.
d. $nterpreting the results of the analysis
e. Taking action
$n developing cost estimates for a system, we need to consider several cost elements
#uch as)-
'. Hardware "osts
$t8s related to the actual purchase or lease of the computer and peripherals.
To determine the actual cost of the hardware is generally more difficult
when the system is shared by various users.
/. *ersonnel "osts
$t8s include E%* staff salaries and benefits as well as pay for the those
$nvolved in developing the system.
4. !acility "osts
These are the e6penses incurred in the preparation of the physical #ite
where the system will be in operation. This includes wiring,
5coustics. lighting and f air conditioning.
:. Operative "osts
$t includes all costs associated with the day to day operation of the system.
>. #upply "osts
These are the visible costs that increase with use of the paper ,ribbons,
cartage, disks etc. They should be estimated and included in the overall
"ost of the system.
5 system is also e6pected to provide the benefits. The two major benefits are
improving performance and minimizing the cost of processing. The ne6t step in cost
and benefit determination is to categorize costs and benefits.
They may be---
Tangible or $ntangible "osts ,enefits
Tangible refers to the ease with which costs or benefits can be measured. 5n outlay of
cash for a specific item or activity is referred to as tangible costs.
3ike costs , tangible benefits are often difficult to specify accurately. Tangible
benefits, such as completing jobs in fewer hours or producing reports with no errors.
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%irect or $ndirect "osts ,enefits
%irect costs are those with which a dollar figure can be directly associated in a
project. They are applied directly to the operations. eg)-the purchase of a bo6 of
diskettes for J4> is a direct costs.
%irect benefits also can be specifically attributable to a given project. !or e6ample)- a
new system that can handle /> percent more transactions per day is a direct benefits.
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