Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Padma Venkatraman
BusinessSummary
Procter&Gamble,foundedin
1837andbasedinCincinnati,OH,
isrecognizedastheworld'slargest
produceranddistributorof
householdandpersonalproducts.
PGisorganizedintothreeglobal
businessunits:Beauty;Healthand
WellBeing;andHouseholdCare.
PGProcterandGambleoperates
inover80countriesandoffers
productsandservicestomore
than180countriesworldwide.PG
hasastrongglobalmarket
presence.In2009,PGgenerated
61%ofitstotalsalesin
internationalmarkets.
Procter & Gamble
NYSE: PG
Highlights
PGisfocusedondevelopingits
consumerunderstanding,
marketing,andbrandbuilding
techniques.
PGmanages23brandsthat
individuallygenerateover$1
billioninannualsalesand20
brandsthatindividuallygenerate
halfofabillioninannualsales.
12ofPGsbilliondollarbrandsare
currentlythe#1globalmarketshare
leaderintheirrespectiveproduct
categories.
InvestmentThesis
Concernsoverasluggisheconomyin2010ledustoPGwe
favorlargecapitalization,lowbeta,defensivestocksthatpay
aboveaveragedividendsandhavestronggrowthpotentialin
foreignmarkets.
PGisthebestconsumerstaplesstockintermsofbrand
management,innovationandconsumerunderstanding.
ProcterandGamblehassuperiorfinancialstandingandhas
providedshareholderswithsubstantialvaluecreationovertime.
PricePerformance
Recommendation: LongTermBuy
RecentPrice(12/04/09):$62.60 Sector:ConsumerStaples
TargetPrice: $65.53 SubSector:ConsumerGoods
52WeekRange:$43.93$64.00 StockClassification:ClassicGrowth
MarketCapt: $178B InstitutionalOwnership:58%
P/ERatio: 17.4 DividendYield:2.8%
EarningsperShare: $4.58 Beta:0.6
Student Investment Fund: Procter & Gamble
BusinessSegments
PGisorganizedintothreeglobalbusinessunits:Beauty,HealthandWellBeing,andHouseholdCare.
BEAUTYIncludestwosubsegments:
o Beauty(2009Sales$18.79B,23.7%ofsalesrevenue)cosmetics,deodorants,hair
care,personalcleansing,prestige,fragrancesandskincareproducts
Billiondollarbrandsinclude:Head&Shoulders,Olay,PanteneandWella
o Grooming(2009Sales$7.54B,9.54%ofsalesrevenue)bladesandrazors,electric
hairremovaldevices,facialproducts,shaveproductsandhomeappliances
Billiondollarbrandsinclude:Braun,Fusion,GilletteandMach3
HEALTHANDWELLBEINGIncludestwosubsegments:
o HealthCare(2009Sales$13.62B,17.23%ofsalesrevenue)femininecare,oralcare
andpersonalhealthcareproducts
Billiondollarbrands
include:Actonel,
Always,CrestandOral
B
o SnacksandPetCare(2009
Sales$3.11B,3.94%ofsales
revenue)petfoodandsnacks
Billondollarbrands
include:Iamsand
Pringles
HOUSEHOLDCAREIncludestwosub
segments:
o FabricCareandHomeCare
(2009Sales$23.19B,29.33%of
salesrevenue)aircare,
batteries,dishcare,fabriccare
andsurfacecare
Billiondollarbrands
include:Ariel,Dawn,Downy,Duracell,GainandTide
o BabyCareandFamilyCare(2009Sales$14.10B,17.84%ofsalesrevenue)babywipes,
bathtissues,diapers,facialtissuesandpapertowels
Billiondollarbrandsinclude:Bounty,CharminandPampers
Folgers:OnJune4,2008,PGsolditsFolgerscoffeeunittoJ.M.SmuckerCompanyinanallstockdeal
worthapproximately$2.95billion.
Pharmaceuticals:In2006,thecompanybeganwindingdownitsdiscoverphasepharmaceutical
productsinfavoroflicensinglatestagecompounds,andannouncedin2008itwouldexitthedrug
industryentirely.In2009,PGsolditspharmaceuticalunittoWarnerChilcottina$3.1billioncashdeal.
Asaresultofthedivesture,ProcterandGambleexpectstobooka43centpershareearningsboostin
thesecondquarteroffiscalyear2010.
ThesedivestureswillallowPGtoprimarilyfocusonitspersonalcare,beauty,andhouseholdproductdivisions.
Moreover,itisourassessmentthatthesedivesturesrevealProcterandGamblesstrongfocusonmaintaining
asolidportfolioofbrandsthataddvalueforthecompanyratherthangrowingforgrowth'ssake.
ConsistencyinTopManagement
ProcterandGamblerecentlynamedRobertMcDonaldaspresidentandCEO,succeedingA.G.Lafley,effective
asofJuly2009.ThenewCEORobertMcDonald,otherwiseknownasBobMcDonald,comesintotheposition
witharichcompanybackground.McDonaldpreviouslyservedasViceChairofPGsGlobalBusinessUnitsand
Operations.Furthermore,McDonaldhasvastexperienceinbrandbuildingandmarketdevelopment,andhas
over30yearsofexperiencewithProcterandGamble.
ThenewsofBobMcDonaldbeingnamedCEOofthecompany,shortlyfollowedtheannouncementofPGs
CFOClaytDaleysretirement.DaleywasreplacedJanuary1,2009byJonMoeller.Priortoacceptingthenew
CFOposition,MoellerpreviouslyservedastheVicePresidentandTreasurerofProcterandGamble.Moeller
alsoservedasVicePresidentofFinanceandAccountinginvariousglobalbusinessunitswithinthecompany.
SimilartoMcDonald,MoellerhasdevelopedarichhistoryatProcterandGamble.
Lookingforward,ProcterandGamblecanremainconfidentintheirrecentchangesintopmanagement.Both
executivesuccessorsareindividualswhohaveathoroughandwelldevelopedunderstandingofthe
companyscorebusinessesandinternationalmarkets,gainedthroughmanyyearsofexperiencewithProcter
andGamble.
REVENUE
(INMILLIONS)
NETINCOME
(INMILLIONS)
OPERATING
MARGIN
DIVIDEND
YIELD
BILLIONDOLLARBRAND(S)
PROCTER&
GAMBLE
$79,029
$11,010
20.79% 3.0%
PAMPERS,PANTENE,CREST,
TIDE,BOUNTY,DURACELL,
CHARMIN
UNILEVER
$56,546
$7,015 N/A
1.38%
DOVE,AXE,LIPTON, VASELINE,
SLIMFAST,BEN&JERRYS
CLOROX
COMPANY
$5,440
$566
20.12%
3.3%
CLOROXBLEACH,PINESOL,
GLAD,BRITAWATERFILTERS,
BURTSBEES
KIMBERLY
CLARK
$18,730
$,1810
15.95%
3.8%
HUGGIES,KLEENEX,SCOTT
PAPERTOWELS
COLGATE
PALMOLIVE
$1,4910
$2,310
22.68%
2.2%
COLGATETOOTHPASTE,
PALMOLIVEDISHWASHING
LIQUID,SOFTSOAP,SPEEDSTICK
Student Investment Fund: Procter & Gamble
GlobalPresence
ProcterandGambleoperatesinover80countriesandoffersproductsandservicesinmorethan180countries
worldwide.
Salesaredividedintofourmainsegments:
NorthAmericaaccountedfor44%oftotalsalesin2009or$34.8billion.
WesternEuropeaccountedfor22%oftotalsalesin2009or$17.4billion.
NorthEastAsiaaccountedfor4%oftotalsalesin2009or$3.2billion.
DevelopingMarketsaccountedfor30%oftotalsalesin2009or$23.7billion.
Currently,internationalsales(salesoutsideofNorthAmerica)generateroughly61%ofProcterandGambles
totalrevenue.Overthepastfiveyears,theaveragegrowthrateforPGsinternationalsaleswas12%which
isalmostthreetimesthatofPGsdomesticmarketsalesgrowthof5%.
Inrecentyears,ProcterandGamblehasheavilypenetrateddevelopingmarkets.Developingmarketsinclude
LatinAmerica,Central&EasternEurope/MiddleEastandAfrica,GreaterChinaand
ASEAN/Australasia/India/Korea.ProcterandGamblessalesindevelopingmarketscomprise30%ofitstotal
salesrevenueupasignificant20%sincethebeginningofthedecade.
InternationalMarketShare
ProcterandGamblemaintainsastrongfocusonitsmarketshare,asthisisakeyfactorforsuccessinthe
ConsumerStaplessectorinwhichtheycompetein.Eachfirmmustcompeteformarketshareandviabilityof
growingfuturesalesforthecompany.Aseconomiesaroundtheworldcontinuetorecoverfollowingthe
globaldownturn,ProcterandGamblerecognizesthatitispertinenttohaveanestablishedmarketsharein
ordertotakeadvantageofnewgrowthopportunitiesandincreasetheirsalesinthefuture.
Developingmarketscurrentlymakeup86%oftheworldspopulation.ProcterandGamblehasalready
establishedastrongmarketshareinthemostcrucialareasofthesedevelopingmarkets:Central&Eastern
Europe,MiddleEast&AfricaRegion,LatinAmerica,GreaterChinaandDevelopingAsia.Itisimportantthat
PGtakesadvantageofopportunitiesintheseparticularmarketsastheseareasprovidethelargest
internationalgrowthopportunities.ProcterandGamblehasestablishedthemselvesastheleaderinmarket
shareintheBladesandRazorsmarkets.TheyarealsofirstandsecondinmarketshareintheShampoosand
Diapersmarkets,respectively.Additionally,theymaintainfirst,secondandthirdmarketsharepositionsinthe
Laundry,FeminineCareandOralCareproductmarkets,respectively.
PurposedInspiredMacroStrategyforGrowth
ProcterandGambleistakingafocusedapproach
towardsitsgrowthopportunities.PGlooksto
growitsleading,globalbrandsandcorecategories.
PGwillachievethisbynarrowingthefocusoftheir
portfolio.Therecentdivestureoftheir
pharmaceuticalbusinessisjustoneexampleofhow
theyarenarrowingtheirfocus.ThiswillallowPGto
focusmoreheavilyontheir43billionandhalf
billiondollarbrandsthatgenerate85%oftheir
revenues.Furthermore,focusingontheexpansion
ofthese43corebrandsintomarkets,wherethey
arecurrentlyunderrepresented.
PGsfinalstrategytakesafocusedapproachtowardsgrowingstructurallysoundbusinesses,ratherthan
growingforgrowthssake.Thecompanymaintainsasolidstrategyforfuturegrowththataddsvalue.
KeyStrategiesforSuccess
ConsumerUnderstanding
o Eachyear,ProcterandGambleinteractswithnearly5millionconsumersinover60countries
worldwide.
o ItisimportantforProcterandGambletogaininsightonconsumerunderstandinginorderto
discoverinnovationopportunitiesandtofindwaysinwhichthecompanycanbetterserveits
customers.ItisespeciallyimportantforPGtorecognizeandadjusttoculturaldifferences
amongitsinternationalmarkets.
BrandBuilding
o ProcterandGamblecurrentlyhas23brandswithinitsproductportfoliothatindividually
generateoveronebilliondollarsinsalesannually.PGalsohas20brandsthatgeneratehalfofa
billiondollarsinannualsales.Combined,these43brandsaccountfor85%ofPGstotalsales
and90%ofPGsprofit.PGmaintainsthestrongestperformingportfolioofbrandswithinits
industry.Moreover,PGmaintainsitskeycompetitiveadvantagefortheoverallsuccessofthe
firm.
Innovation
o ProcterandGambleistheindustryleaderintermsofinnovation.EachyearintheU.S.,theIRI
NewProductPacesetterReportranksthebestsellingnewproductswithintheconsumer
market.Overthepast14years,ProcterandGamblehashad114top25pacesettersmore
thansixtimesthenumberofpacesettersoftheirlargestcompetitorscombined.(Pacesetteris
definedasanew,innovativeConsumerPackagedBrandthatexceeds$7.5Minitsfirstyear).
EstablishedGoToMarketCapability
o ProcterandGambleisrankedasthepreferredsupplierandindustryleaderinawiderangeof
capabilitiesincludingclearestcompanystrategy,brandsmostimportanttoretailers,strong
businessfundamentalsandinnovativemarketingprograms.
Scale
o ProcterandGambleisabletotakeadvantageofitsabilitytooperateonalargescale.This
allowsPGtoshareprocessesandproceduresamongthecategoriesunderwhichtheyoperate.
ThisalsocreatestheabilityforPGtocapitalizeonitsinternationalexpansionopportunities
sincetheyhavethecapabilitiesandresourcesforsuchventures.
Student Investment Fund: Procter & Gamble
ValuationAnalysis
OurvaluationanalysisforPGwasconductedusing
conservativemodelassumptions.Ourdiscounted
cashflowmodelestimatesPGsintrinsicvalueat
$65.53persharefor2009,reaching$82.91by2019.
IncomeStatementInputs:
RevenueGrowth:Despitehavingasolid5year
historicalgrowthof8.6%,PGfacedrevenuegrowth
of3.3%during2009.In2009,PGsawtheadverse
affectsofaweakconsumerspendingenvironment,
whichwasexacerbatedbyitsinabilitytofurther
lowerpricesonitshigherpricedpremiumproducts
duringtherecession.Wethereforeforecasted
revenuegrowthonayeartoyearbasis.For2010,
weagainpenalizedPGsrevenuegrowthtoalevelof
3%,andused2%in2011.WeexpectPGsrevenue
growthtobouncebackoutoftherecessionwitha
moderategrowthrateof5%in2012.Following
2012,weforecastthegrowthofrevenuetotaper
downtoalongtermgrowthrateof3%by2019.
Selling,GeneralandAdministrativeExpenses:PGs
historicalaverageSG&A/Salesexpensewas30.4%.
Forourforecast,weincreasedSG&A/Salesto32%
duetoPGsstatedintentiontoincreaseadvertising
expendituresinthefuture.
CostofGoodsSold:PGoperatedwithahistorical
averageCOGS/Salesof48.6%.Thisaveragewas
maintainedthroughouttheforecastedyears.
ResearchandDevelopment:PGchargesitsR&D
coststoitsSG&Aexpenses,whichisprimarilywhy
R&D/Saleswere0%asofthepastthreeyears.We
maintained.5%R&D/Salesfortheforecast.
TaxRate:SincePGstaxratehasbeensteadily
decliningfromits30.6%highin2005,wemaintained
itshistoricalaveragerateof28.2%forthe
forecastedyears.
ShareGrowth:In2007,PGannounceditsplanfora
repurchaseof$24$30billionofitscommonstock
through2010.Therefore,weheldPGssharegrowth
to0%throughtheforecastedyears.
DividendGrowth:Despiteasolidhistoricalyearto
yeardividendgrowthrateof16.9%,dividendgrowth
hasbeendecreasingfromits2005highof37%growth
tomoremoderatemeasures.Forecasteddividend
growthwasreducedtoalevelof10%fortheforecast.
BalanceStatementInputs:
Property,PlantandEquipment:PGsfiveyear
historicalaveragePPE/Salesof25.8%andhasbeen
improvingoverthepastthreeyears.DespitePGs
recentefficiencywithmanagingitscapital
investments,westeadilygrewPPE/Salesthroughout
ourforecastfrom24.0%in2010to26%by2019.
Thismoreaccuratelyreflectsitshistoricalaverage
andreflectsmoreofaworstcasescenario
assumption.
CapitalAssetPricingModel
CostofEquity:Costofequityof7.85%was
calculatedusingariskfreerateof4.25%,marketrisk
premiumof6%andbetaof0.6.Conductinga
regressionanalysisonPGshistoricalpricessince
2002yieldedabetaestimateof.49.Tomaintain
conservatisminourmodel,weincreasedthebeta
estimateto0.6toallowforreversiontothemean.
WeightedAverageCostofCapitalAssumptions
WeightedAverageCostofCapital:WACCof7.4%
wascalculatedusingcostsof2.7%inshortterm
debtand5.28%inlongtermdebt.Costofequity
wascalculatedat7.85%asdescribedabove.
LongtermHorizonValueGrowthRate:Weapplied
alongtermhorizongrowthrateof3%forPGto
maintainaconservativeoutlookforthecompany's
longtermprospects.
EarningsPerShare&DividendsPerShare:PG's
abilitytogenerateprofitsforshareholdersis
reflectedinitsearningspershareanddividendsper
sharemetrics.PGgeneratedahistoricalaverage
growthinearningspershareof8.1%.Whileour
conservativemodelreducesthisratetonearlya
quarterofitshistoricalaverageEPSgrowth,PGs
forecastedEPSgrowthremainsapositive2.2%
through2019.PGalsodeliveredamodesthistorical
averageDPSof11.4%toitsshareholders.PGsDPS
wastightenedtoalevelof8.2%annualgrowthfor
theforecast.Evencompressedtotheserates,PG
managestogrowbothEPSandDPSathealthyand
sustainablelevelsthrough2019.
ValueCreationMetrics
FreeCashFlow:Overthepastfiveyears,PGhas
successfullyshownitsabilitytocreatefreecash
flow.Aftergrowingatahistoricalyearlyaverage
rateof17.7%,PGsFCFwasdrasticallyreducedtoa
sustainablelevelof2.7%averagegrowthforthe
forecast.
NetOperatingProfitAfterTax:
Historically,PGhasgrownitsNOPATatanaverage
rateof11.03%.Followingasignificantreductionin
NOPATin2010,weforecastNOPATtogrowatan
averageyearlygrowthrateof3%.
EconomicValueAdded:In2009,PGcreated$10.2
billionineconomicprofit.OurforecasttightensEVA
to$8.7billionand$8.5billionin2010and2011,
respectively.ThisdecreaseinEVAwasduetoour
projectedforecastsof3%and2%revenuegrowth
fortheyears,inrespectiveorder.Despitethisdip,
economicprofitforPGgrowsatasteadyaveragerate
of3%peryearfortheforecast.
MarketValueAdded:PGcreatedMVAof$143.4
billionin2009.For2010,thismetricgrewto$148
billion.PGsMVAisprojectedtocontinueitsgrowth
atayearlyrateof3%through2019.
ValueSpread:ROICvs.WACC
ROIC:Historicalaveragereturnoninvestedcapital
was46.7%forPG.In2009,generatedasignificantly
higherROICof54.4%.Fortheforecast,ROICwas
slimmedtoanaverage42.4%through2019.
WACC:Weightedaveragecostofcapitalwas
calculatedat7.4%.Asdescribedabove,the
riskfreerate,beta,andmarketriskpremiumwere
increasedtomaintainconservatism.
ValueSpread(ROICWACC):ProcterandGambles
historicalaveragevaluespreadwas39.9%.In2009,
PGsvaluespreadwas44%.PGsforecastedvalue
spreadaverages35%.Evenwithaconsiderably
lowerforecastedvaluespread,PGdisplays
considerablepotentialtofurtherincreaseitsvalue
creationbeyondourforecastedROICWACCspread
measure.
RelativeValuation
PricetoEarnings:ProcterandGamblecurrently
tradesatalowerPEmultipleof13.5,whichislower
thantwoofitstopcompetitors,ColgatePalmolive
(CL)andClorox(CLX),withPEmultiplesof19and15
respectively.
PricetoCashFlow:PGspricetocashflowof11is
anadditionalrelativevaluationmetricthatfavorsPG
comparedtoColgatePalmolivessignificantlyhigher
PCFof16;CloroxsPCFisalso11.
ValuationMeasures
AltmanZScoreTestforBankruptcy:
TheAltmanZScorewasdevelopedtopredicta
companyslikelihoodofbankruptcyusingfive
financialmetrics.Companiesscoringabove2.9are
consideredtobefinanciallyhealthy.Lowerscores
reflectahigherlikelihoodoffailureofafirm.
Historically,PGscoredanaverage3.19wellabove
thesafezone.ProcterandGamblealsoscoredinthe
safezonewithanaverage3.92fortheforecast.
PiotroskisFinancialFitnessScorecard
Thisscorecardevaluatescompaniesbasedon
incomestatementandbalancesheetperformance.
Firmscanscoreuptoamaximumof11points.
Historically,ProcterandGamblescoredanaverage
of7out11.PGsaveragescorefortheforecasted
yearsis8outof11,whichsuggestsincreased
financialstabilitythrough2019.
GrahamandDodd
ThomsonReutersmetriciscomputedusinga
GrahamandDoddapproachtovaluation.PG,ranked
inthe7
th
Decile,indicatesthatProcterandGambles
investorsarepayingalowerpremiumforfuture
earningsthan70%ofinvestorsintheS&P500.This
isindicativeofundervaluation.
EarningsMomentum
ProcterandGamblehasfavorableearnings
momentumdespiterecenttougheconomictimes.
PGsearningsmomentumisbetterthan87%of
stocksintheS&P500.
OtherAnalystsRecommendation
Rankedonascalefrom1to5(1beingastrongby
and5beingastrongsell)PGhasameananalysts
recommendationof1.9,indicatingabuysignalfrom
analysts
CorrelationwithStudentInvestmentFundStocks
Correlationsarecalculatedbetweenstockreturnsto
revealhowinvestmentsmoveinrelationtoone
anotherwithinaportfolio.Lowcorrelationsare
favorableandindicateaweak
relationinperformance
betweentwoequities.Inorder
toensureProcterandGamble
wouldfitfavorablyinto
WashburnsStudent
InvestmentFund,werana
correlationofProcterand
Gambleshistoricalreturns
since2004withrespecttothe
historicalreturnsofstocks
currentlyheldintheSIFover
thesametimeperiod.Procter
andGamblesstrongestcorrelationof.49was
sharedbetweenJohnsonandJohnson(JNJ)and
UnitedTechnologiesIncorporated(UTX).PG'slow
correlationwiththerestoftheportfolioshould
ensuretheStudentInvestmentFundmaintainsits
lowerthanaveragebetaexposure.
InsiderTrading
Overtime,netinsiderstendtosellofftheirpositions
inordertodiversifytheirholdings.Mostrecently,
PGsnetinsidershaveslowedthesellingoftheir
positions.Overall,netinsidershavedivestedan
aggregate$43millionsince2004.
DaystoCover
Thisratiomeasurestheperiodoftimeitwilltake
shortsellerstocovertheirpositionsrelativetothe
stockstotaltradingvolume.AsofJanuary2006,
PGsstabledaystocoverratioremainslow,
suggestingshortsellershavelittleinterestinthe
stock.
V
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ForecastedPerShareStockValues
LowPrice DCFPrice HighPrice
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
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Price/Sales EnterpriseValue/EBITDA HistoricalorDCFPrice
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CI CJ CK CL CM CN CO CP CQ CR CS CT CU CV CW CX CY CZ DA DB
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
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Price/EarningsRatio DividendYield
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50%
55%
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G
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GrossMargin OperatingMargin NetMargin
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ReturnonAssets ReturnonEquity ReturnonInvestedCapital
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
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NOPAT FreeCashFlow
$50,000
$70,000
$90,000
$110,000
$130,000
$150,000
$170,000
$190,000
$210,000
$7,000
$7,500
$8,000
$8,500
$9,000
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EarningsPerShare DividendsPerShare
Procter and Gambl e Techni cal Appendi x, Page 8 of 8
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DC DD DE DF DG DH DI DJ DK DL DM DN DO DP DQ DR DS DT DU DV
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PeerComparison:Price/Earnings Ratio
PG CL CLX
0
6,000
12,000
18,000
24,000
30,000
36,000
42,000
48,000
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60,000
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AxisTitle
ShortInterest(thousandsofshares)
ShortInterest(thousandsofshares)
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12,000
16,000
20,000
24,000
28,000
32,000
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e
AverageDailyTradingVolume(thousands)
AverageDailyVolume(thousandsofshares)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
D
a
y
s
t
o
C
o
v
e
r
R
a
t
i
o
DaystoCoverRatio(ShortInterest/Volume)
DaystoCover
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
P
G
C
L
&
C
L
X
PeerComparison:Price/CashFlowRatio
PG CL CLX
0
1
2
3
4
5
C
L
&
C
L
X
PeerComparison:Price/SalesRatio
PG CL CLX