2-34

2-75
A pump with a specified shaft power and efficiency is used toraise water to a higher elevation.
The maximum flow rate ofwateristo be determined.
PUMP
2115 mWater
Assumptions
1
The flow is steady and incompressible.
2
Theelevation difference between the reservoirs is constant.
3
We assumetheflowin the pipes to be
frictionless
since the
maximum
flow rateis to be determined,
Properties
We take the density of water to be

= 1000 kg/m
3
.
Analysis
The useful pumping power (the part converted tomechanical energy of water) is
hp74.5hp)7)(82.0(
shaft pump, pumpu pump,

W W


Theelevation of water and thus its potential energy changes during pumping, but it experiences
no changes in its velocity and pressure.Therefore, the change in the total mechanical energy of
water isequal to the change in its potential energy, whichis
gz
per unit mass,and for a given mass flow rate. That is,
gz m

z g z g m pemem E

V


mechmech
Noting that , the volume flow rate of water is determined to be
u pump,mech
W E


/sm0.0291
3

N1m/skg1W1m/s N1hp1W7.745 m))(15m/s)(9.81kg/m(1000 hp74.5
2232u pump,
gz W


V
Discussion
This is the maximum flow rate since the frictional effects are ignored. In an actual
system,theflow rate of water will be less because of friction in pipes.
2-76
The available head of a hydraulic turbine and its overall efficiency are given. The electric
power output of this turbine is to be determined.
Assumptions
1
The flow is steady and incompressible.
2
The elevation of the reservoir remains constant.
Properties
We take the density of water to be

= 1000 kg/m
3
.
Analysis
Thetotal mechanical energy the water in a reservoir possesses is equivalent to the potential
energy of water at the free surface, andit can be converted to work entirely.
Therefore,thepowerpotentialof water is its potentialenergy, which is
gz
per unit mass, and for agiven mass flow rate. Therefore, the actual power produced by the
turbine can be expressedas
gz m

Generator
Turbine
85 mEff.=91%
W
turbineturbineturbineturbineturbine
gh ghm
V



Substituting,
kW190

m/s N1000kW1m/skg1 N1m))(85m/s/s)(9.81m)(0.25kg/m1000)(91.0(
2233turbine
W

Discussion
Note that the power output of a hydraulic turbine is proportional to the available
elevationdifference (turbine head) and the flow rate.


2-35
2-77
A pump is pumping oil at a specifiedrate.Thepressure rise of oil in the pump is measured, and
themotor efficiency is specified. The mechanicalefficiency of the pump is to be determined.
Assumptions
1
The flow is steady and incompressible.
2
The elevation difference across the pumpisnegligible.
Properties
The density of oil is given to be

= 860 kg/m
3
.
Analysis
Then the total mechanical energy of a fluid is the sum of the potential, flow, and kinetic
energies,and is expressed per unit massas. To determine the mechanical efficiency of the pump,
we need to know the increase in the mechanical energy of the fluidasit flows through the
pump,which is
2/
2mech
V Pv ghe

2)(2)(2)()(
212212211222inmech,outmech,fluidmech,
V V P P V PvV Pvmeem E

V

since, and there is no change in the potentialenergy of the fluid. Also,
v V V
/



m
12
Motor
35 kW
Pumpinlet
PUMP
m/s9.19 4/m)(0.08 /sm1.0 4/
232111


D AV
V V

m/s84.8 4/m)(0.12 /sm1.0 4/
232222


D AV
V V

Substituting, the useful pumping power is determined to bekW3.26
m/skN1kW1m/skg1000kN12m/s)(19.9)m/s84.8( )kg/m860(kN/m400/s)m(0.1
222323fluidmech,u pump,

E W

Then the shaft power and the mechanical efficiency of the pump become
kW5.31kW)35)(90.0(
electricmotor shaft pump,

W W


83.6%

836.0kW31.5kW3.26
shaft pump,u pump, pump
W W


Discussion
The overall efficiency of this pump/motor unitis the product of the mechanical and
motor efficiencies, which is 0.9

0.836 = 0.75.


2-36
2-78E
Water is pumped from a lake to a nearby pool byapump with specified power and efficiency.
Themechanical power used to overcome frictional effects is to be determined.
Assumptions
1
The flow is steady and incompressible.
2
The elevation difference between the lake and thefree surface of the pool is constant.
3
The average flow velocity is constant since pipe diameter is constant.
Properties
We take the density of water to be

= 62.4 lbm/ft
3
.
Analysis
The useful mechanical pumping power delivered to water is
hp76.8hp)12)(73.0(
pump pumpu pump,

W W


The elevation of water and thusitspotentialenergychanges during pumping,but it experiences
nochanges in its velocity and pressure. Therefore, thechange in the total mechanicalenergy of
water isequal to the change in its potential energy, which is
gz
per unit mass, and for a given mass flowrate. That is,
gz m

21
35 ftPumpLakePool
z g z g m pemem E

V


mechmech
Substituting, the rate of change of mechanical energy of water becomes
hp76.4 ft/slbf 550hp1ft/slbm32.2lbf 1)ft35)(ft/s/s)(32.2ft)(1.2lbm/ft(62.4
2233mech

E

Then the mechanical power lost in piping because of frictional effects becomes
hp4.0

hp76.476.8
mechu pump,frict
E W W

Discussion
Notethatthepump must supply to the water an additional useful mechanical power of 4.0 hp
toovercome the frictional losses in pipes.