Spring 11 Lab 3 - Op Amps Lab 3-1

Lab 3 - Op Amps
F Fo or rm ma at t
This lab will be conducted during your regularly scheduled lab time in your assigned group.
You must rotate roles during the lab. You may ask the lab instructor for assistance if needed,
but successful completion of the lab is your responsibility not theirs!
R Re ep po or rt t
An individual, formal report is due from each student by 8:00 AM on the Friday of the week
after you complete this lab. The report must be computer generated, i.e., use Microsoft Word
and Excel to write the report. Two hard copies (stapled in the upper left-hand corner) must
also be turned in one complete copy and one copy without an appendix (marked
English). In addition, an electronic copy of the report without figures or appendix must be
emailed to the course instructor on the due date.
Use your complete name as part of the file name for the electronic copy.
I. Build and Test a Single Input, Inverting Op-amp Circuit
In the first experiment, each group will use a 741 operational amplifier (op amp) to build a
circuit for amplifying voltage. The desired gain for your inverting op-amp circuit will be
assigned to each group. Use the Agilent E3630A power supply to create the input voltages,
E
I
. Note the connection to the -20V output plug for negative values of E
I
(as shown).
Connect to the +20V plug for positive values of E
I
.
-
+
+12V
-12V
R
1
R
2
E
O
-
+
R
1 R
2
E
I
-
+
2
3
7
4
6

Figure 1. Inverting op-amp circuit and Agilent E3630A power supply.
Procedure:
1. Your lab group will be responsible for building the single input, inverting op-amp
circuit shown on the right of Figure 1 above. Each group will be assigned a different
gain for their inverting op-amp circuit. Refer to the 741 data sheets in your class notes
and Figure 1 for information on the pin connections.
Spring 11 Lab 3 - Op Amps Lab 3-2
2. Set the Agilent 34405A DMM to read DC voltages. Use the 4-1/2 digit display
(rather than the default 5-1/2 digit display) to reduce the effects of noise in the
circuit.
3. Turn the 20V Voltage Adjust knob on the Agilent E3630A power supply to create
the desired input voltages, E
I
, shown below in Table 1. It is not necessary to get
exactly the nominal voltage noted in the table, within 0.02 volt is close enough.
4. Use the DMM to measure voltage E
I
at the input to the resistor R
1
and voltage E
O
at
the output of the inverting op amp circuit as shown in Figure 1. Record the input
voltages E
I
and output voltages E
O
exactly as read from the DMM.
Do NOT record or use the voltage displayed on the Agilent E3630A power supply.
Table 1
Nominal Input Voltages E
1
for Lab Exercise 3.1
+0.4 V +0.8 V +1.2 V +1.6 V +2.0 V +2.4 V +2.8 V
+3.2 V +3.6 V +4.0 V +4.4 V +4.8 V +5.2 V +5.6 V
-0.4 V -0.8 V -1.2 V -1.6 V -2.0 V -2.4 V -2.8 V
-3.2 V -3.6 V -4.0 V -4.4 V -4.8 V -5.2 V -5.6 V
5. After collecting this data set #1, disconnect the power to the solderless breadboard
and remove the 741 op-amp chip. Do NOT change any of the wiring or resistors!
6. Insert a different 741 op-amp chip into the circuit do NOT change any of the wiring
or resistors! Reconnect the power to the solderless breadboard and repeat all of the
measurements from step #3 with a different student taking the measurements. This
will be data set #2.
7. After collecting both sets of data from two different 741 op-amp chips, remove the
input resistor R
1
and feedback resistor R
2
from the board. Measure and record their
resistances (use the 4 digit display to reduce effects of noise). These resistance
values will be used in the formula to compute the theoretical gain for the op-amp
circuit.
Outside of Lab:
8. Plot measured E
O
vs. measured E
I
for data set #1. On the plot, clearly identify the
linear region of E
O
vs. E
I
, i.e., where E
O
vs. E
I
is along a line of constant slope.
9. Determine the least-squares best fit experimental gain for the data in the linear region,
E
O
= G
exp1
E
I
Use Excels Trendline function and force the line to go through 0 to determine G
exp1
(or use the pseudo-inverse method of ME 349). Do NOT include a constant offset
voltage.
Spring 11 Lab 3 - Op Amps Lab 3-3
10. Follow the procedure used in Lab #2 to determine the accuracy limits (UG
exp1
) for
the experimental gain equation for data set #1.
11. Repeat the above steps with data set #2 to find G
exp2
and accuracy limits UG
exp2
.
12. Calculate the theoretical gain (G
inv
= -R
2
/ R
1
) and the computed uncertainty in the
theoretical gain (UG
inv
) for the single input, inverting op amp circuit based on the
measured resistance values R
1
and R
2
.
13. Compare each experimental gain experimental accuracy limits to the theoretical
gain theoretical uncertainty. Does the theoretical gain equation accurately predict
the behavior of the single-input, inverting op-amp circuit when uncertainties are
considered?
14. Is there a significant difference in the results from the two 741 op-amp chips and the
single-input, inverting op-amp circuit when uncertainties are considered?

II. Build and Test a Single Input, Non-Inverting Op-amp Circuit
1. Replace the single-input, inverting op-amp circuit with a single-input, non-inverting
op-amp circuit with your groups assigned gain. Use the same voltages given in Table
L3-1 to test the non-inverting op-amp circuit.
2. Collect data set #3 and find the least-squares best fit experimental gain G
exp3
and its
accuracy limits UG
exp3
.
3. Test a second 741 op-amp chip with the single-input, non-inverting op-amp circuit
and find the least-squares best fit experimental gain G
exp4
and its accuracy limits
UG
exp4
.
4. After collecting both sets of data from two different 741 op-amp chips, remove the
input resistor R
1
and feedback resistor R
2
from the board. Measure and record the
resistances (use the 4 digit display to reduce effects of noise).
5. Calculate the theoretical gain (G
non-inv
= 1 + R
2
/ R
1
) and the computed uncertainty
in the theoretical gain for the single input, non-inverting op amp circuit based on the
measured resistance values R
1
and R
2
.
Note that the simplified formula cannot be used to determine this
calculated uncertainty UG
non-inv
.
6. Compare each experimental gain experimental accuracy limits to the theoretical
gain theoretical uncertainty. Does the theoretical gain equation accurately predict
the behavior of the single-input, non-inverting op-amp circuit when uncertainties are
considered?
7. Is there a significant difference in the results from the two 741 op-amp chips and the
single-input, non-inverting op-amp circuit when uncertainties are considered?