A Glossary of Important Symbols in The Hebrew Pagan and Christian Forms Hall A S

ALBERT R.
MANN
LIBRARY
New York State Colleges
OF
Agriculture and Home Economics
AT
Cornell University
THE GIFT OF
Prof. Margaret Wylie
Cornell University Library
BL 603.H17
A glossary of important symbols in their
3 1924 014 060 440
The original of tliis book is in
tine Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014060440
IMPORTANT
SYMBOLS
ADELAIDE S. HALL
A GLOSSARY OF
IMPORTANT
SYMBOLS
IN THEIR HEBREW, PAGAN AND
CHRISTIAN FORMS
Compiled by ADELAIDE S. HALL
Author of "Two Women Abroad"
Curator at the Chicago Academy
of
Fine Arts
Bates & Guild Company
Boston, Mass.
1912
A
(.03
353389
Copyright,
1912
Bt Bates
& Guild
Company
INTRODUCTION
Each year, the stream of travel increases and many
people are brought in contact with ancient terms
and devices with which they are totally unfamiliar.
Each year, new classes are formed in the History of
Art and thousands of students enter art schools
where they copy classic designs which represented
in the past the customs and beliefs of powerful and
intelligent people.
In order to thoroughly enjoy historical and re-
ligious works or to interpret the exact language of
form and color in ancient buildings, it is necessary
to be acquainted with the most important emblems,
from their origin in the past to the present applica-
tion of these terms.
The Bible contains the largest number of symbols
of any history in the world. Readers and teachers
need to be familiar with the popular forms of expres-
sion employed by Hebrew, Pagan and Christian, in
order to interpret correctly the Scriptures as well as
classic and romantic literature.
Architects, sculptors, decorators and illustrators
of fact and fiction, designers of book covers and
plates, smiths and jewelers are often at a loss to find
an object which will lend itself to their design and
at the same time typify something or someone that
they desire to suggest or memorialize in its plan.
The reasons governing the connection between
the larger number of symbols and their meanings are
so wrapped in myth and legend that an entire volume
is often necessary to explain a few emblems. The
greatest need seems to bewhich are the important
symbols and what do they signify.
Therefore, the compiler of this manual respect-
fully submits to all readers, travelers and students,
a list of symbols culled from her collection of notes
covering a period of nine years' study upon the sub-
ject and an equal number of trips abroad. In the
majority of cases the emblem has been personally
verified. Also, a selected bibliography of helpful
books for those who desire to make a study of the
subject. All of these works may be found either in
the libraries of Boston or of Chicago.
Adelaide S. Hall.
EXAMPLES
Medium
Architecture and
Sculpture.
Painting.
Weavings and
Embroideries.
Crafts work in
chiseling, incising
and carving.
Place
Temples of Egypt, India, China
and Japan.
Cathech-als and other early
churches of Europe. Monu-
ments. Tombs. Ornaments.
Amulets.
Tomb decorations in Egypt and
India.
Kakemonos or wall hangings in
China and Japan.
Frescoes, easel pictures and
illuminated manuscript.
Stained glass windows.
Heraldic shields and banners.
Porcelain and pottery in folk
lore designs.
Tapestry from Babylonian times
to the present; rugs, carpets,
brocades, tissues, and garments.
Coins, medals, seals, ornaments,
altar ware, table ware, and
jewelry.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. The works of James Fergusson, F.R.S.
2. The Gods of the EgyptiansE. A. T. W. Budge.
3. The Grammar of the Lotus
^W. H. Goodyear, M.A.

4. BuddhaDr. Herman Oldenberg.
5. Chmese Ancient Symbolism
^Joseph Edkins, D.D.

6. The Origins of Pictish SymbolismThe Earl of
Southesk, K.T.
7. The Migration of SymbolsGoblet d'Alviella.
8. The Buddhist Praying Wheel
^WiUiam Simpson.
9. Dictionnare des SymbolesP. Verneuil.
10. ffindu MythologyW. J. Wilkins.
11. The Rubdiydt of Omar Khdyydm.
12. The History of ArabiaAndrew Crichton.
13. Ancient Arabian PoetryC. J. Lyall, M.A.
14. Symbolism of the East and WestMurray-Aynsley.
15. Architecture, Mysticism and MythW. R. Lethaby.
16. Ideal MetrologyHerman Gaylord.
17. Ceramic Art in Remote AgesJ. B. Waring.
18. DemonologySir Walter Scott.
19. Ko-ji-ki, TranslatedD. H. Chamberlain.
20. The Canon, with a PrefaceR. B. Cunninghame.
21. The Night of the GodsJohn O'Neil.
22. The Hymns of the Rig VedaR. T. H. Griffith.
23. Scandinavian Mythology (The Eddas)Grenville Pigott.
24. Horns of HonourF. T. Elworthy.
25. SymboUsm in ArtF. E. Hulme.
26. Volsunga Saga, TranslatedWilliam Morris.
27. The Mabinogian (from Popular Studies in Myth)Ivor
B. John, M.A.
28. Landscape Gardening in Japan
^Josiah Conder.
29. Mediaeval German EpicsG. T. Dippold, Ph.D.
30. Studies of the Greek PoetsJohn A. Symonds.
31. Artistic JapanCompiled by Bing.
32. Ecclesiastical OrnamentÂ. W. Pugin.
33. The Symbolisms of HeraldryW. Cecil Wade.
34. Christian Art and SymbolismRev. R. St. John Tyrwhitt.
35. Colour (in Quarterly Papers on Architecture)T. Inman.
36. Early Christian SymboUsmJ. R. Allen, F.S.A.
.
37. Popular Poetry of the FinnsC. J. Bilson, M.A.
38. The Sibylline OraclesSir John Floyer.
39. The Best Book of AllF. J. Hamilton, D.D.
40. Books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Chronicles, Samuel,
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, St. Luke, St. John, Revela-
tion.
TREES
"
The festival of the Christmas tree is the survival of tree
worship among the Germans. The first care of the mission-
aries was to cut down the groves of the pagans and to consecrate
the spot by the erection of a chapel. One of the last vestiges
of a grove is the tree 'Stock am Eisen' in Vienna."
Fergusson.
The ancients attached the utmost importance to the sig-
nificance of trees, their poetic and impressive language. We
find this when we read the Scriptures, look at our oriental
rugs, or examine a Gothic cathedral.
HEBREW AND PAGAN FORM
THK TREE OF LIFE OR UNIVERSE TREE
BABYLONIAN Palm
RESIDENCE TREESContinued
Country Symbol Signification
PERSIAN Cypress Residence of Mithra.
EmblemofZoroaster.
Sovereign power.
Residence of Istar, the
divine mother.
Birthplace of Hera,
divine mother.
Birthplace of Adonis,
god of beauty.
Gingko Sacred emblem of the
gods: Eternal life.
GRECIAN
ROMAN
JAPANESE
Willow
Myrrh
Icho or
tree
GEM BEARING TREES OF PARADISE
EGYPTIAN Golden Sycamore Sacred to Nut as god-
of gem fruits dess of the sky.
and flowers
EAST INDIAN Gem bearing tree Sacred to Buddha.
CHINESE Pearl bearing tree Purity in eternity.
of Paradise
ASSYRIAN Luminous gem The Great Light of the
bearing tree god.
TREE OF HAPPINESS
MOHAMMEDAN Bearing all man- Paradise:
Joys of the
ner of fruits Tooba.
CALEITOAR TREE
CHINESE
"
Ming Kap
"
or Time's flight.
Monthly tree.
Fifteen buds on
right of central
stem and fifteen
on left; one falls
daily
THE PINE TREE
EGYPTIAN AND Natural form Symbolic tree of the
ASSYRIAN
CHINESE
JAPANESE
gods.
Longevity.
Longevity: Emblem-
atic of spirits of Tak-
asago and Suminoye
.
Conjugal affection
and long life.
Country
JUDEAN
GRECIAN
ROMAN
THE OAK
Symbol
Natural form
EARLY BRITISH
SCANDINAVIAN
THE ASH
Natural form
NORTHAMERI-
CAN INDIAN
Signification
Place of angelic visions.
Emblem of Abraham.
Emblem of Zeus, the
fathergod. Majesty.
The tree mother of
the race. Emblem
of Dodona grove, the
seat of the Oracle.
Emblem of Jupiter,
the father god.
Majesty.
Sacred wood of Druidi-
cal altar.
Emblem of Odin, the
father god. Sov-
ereignty. In con-
nection with the elm
they signify creators
of the race.
Veneration of a nature
god.
GRECIAN
GRECIAN
ROMAN
THE PLANE TREE
Natural form Emblem of Xerxes.
Love of Nature.
THE OLIVE
Natural form Emblem of Athena,
patron goddess of
warriors. Symbol of
victory.
Symbol of peace.
THE POMEGRANATE
ROMAN Natural form Emblem of reproduc-
tion.
JUDEAN
GRECIAN
EAST INDIAN
CHINESE
THE CEDAR
Natural form Incorruptibility.
Emblem of Artemis,
goddess of the moon
and of the chase.
Fertility.
Fidelity.
Country
GRECIAN
ROMAN
THE LAUREL
Symbol
Natural form
Signification
Inspiration.
Emblem of Apollo:
Poetry. Antidote of
evil eye: emblem of
Dapmie who was
changed to a laurel
to escape Apollo.
THE PIPPALA OR BO TREE
EAST INDIAN, Natural form Emblem of Buddha,
CHINESE AND under which he re-
JAPANESE ceived perfect wis-
dom.
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
THE BAMBOO
Natural form
THE PLUM
Natural form
Longevity.
Emblem of woman's
purity.
'
' Nightin-
gale Dwelling Plum
Tree," the emblem
of daughter of Kino
Tsurayiiki or a sac-
rifice rewarded.
EARLY CHRISTIAN AND MODERN FORM
IN GENERAL Palm
Fig
Oak
Cedar
Willow
Apple
Poplar
Martyrdom to attain
Heaven. Victory
over the flesh. Right-
eous Christian.
Fruitfulness. Good
works.
Majesty. Strengthand
endurance.
The Lord's tree. Em-
blem of Lebanon.
Abandoned. Despera-
tion and grief.
Productiveness. The
first sin. Emblem
of Eve.
Sympathy. Tremu-
lousness. Lamenta-
tion.
EARLY CHRISTIAN AND MODERN FORMContinued
IN GENERAL Acacia Friendship.
"
Aspen Emblemof Judas: fear.
'
Christian tree of ICnowledgeofgoodand
Life evil. Tree of Eden.
Tree of St. John's
vision, bearing
twelve manner of
fruits for the heal-
ing of the nations.
Golden tree of Gala-
had.
"
Tree of Jesse The human line or
genealogical tree of
Jesus.
Holly Holy tree. Emblemof

Christmas festivi-
ties.
*
Maple Symbol of Canada.
EMBLEMS OF LIGHT
(NATURAL AND FICTITIOUS)
Since the words
"
Let there be Light " animated the
Universe, light has been its most cheriêd possession. It
has been venerated by the ancients by its emblems, the sun,
moon and stars. Candidates for leUgious promotion were
often kept in darkness for a period of time before being per-
mitted to enjoy the light of the higher plane or office. The
Japanese believe that no offering is ever so precious to Buddha
as a lamp or a lantern and love to tell a story about their
"
Hall of the Lamps
"
on Mt. Eoyasan. It contains ten
thousand lamps, which are mainly votive offerings of the
rich. One day a storm extinguished all the lights but one,
that of a poor widow whose piety had led her to expend for
this lamp, the few coppers she possessed. Today, we Chris-
tians symbolize our Saviour as the Light of the World.
HEBREW AISTB PAGAIT FORM
Signification
The active power of
nature.
Emblem of Osiris. Ra.
Sovereignty.
EmblemofAssur. Sov-
ereignty.
Emblem of Baal.
PowerMight.
Emblem of Moloch.
Fierceness of sun's
heat.
Emblem of Mithra.
Creation of light.
Emblem of Loki. Bless-
ing, fertility.
Emblem of Helios, the
light of the universe.
Emblem of Apollo as
light of divinity.
National emblem of
Amaterasu as sun
goddess and ances-
tress of the only dy-
nasty. Emblem of
the Emperor as a
ruler by divine right.
THK SUN
Country Symbol
IN GENERAL Usual form
Country
HINDU
GRECIAN
ROMAN
THE DAWN
Symbol
Usual fonn
Signification
Emblem of Ushas.
Blessing. Thebride.
Emblem of Eos: youth.
:
purity.
Emblem of Aurora as
delicate beauty.
Freshness.
THE MOON
IN GENERAL Usual form
EGYPTIAN

JUDEAN

SYRIAN

GRECIAN
ROMAN
CHINESE

JAPANESE
EARLY MEXICAN
The passive form of
nature.
When in crescent form
signifies virginity.
Emblem of Thoth, god
of truth. Hathor,
goddess of beauty.
Emblem of Ashtaroth,
goddess of fertility.
Emblem of Astarte,
goddess of material
desire and heartless-
ness.
Emblem of Selene as
serene loveliness.
Emblem of Diana:
goddess of the chase:
chastity.
Heaven's beauty.
Emblem of Susano-o:
The seed of the si-
esta (because of pre-
vious night watch-
ing).
Emblem of Metzli:
goddess of agricul-
ture.
THE STARS
ZODIACAL
MASONIC
Orion
Gemini
Rayed star in a
circle
Hunter of beasts.
Emblemsof Castor and
Pollux. Emblems of
brotherly love.
Guidance.
GRECIAN I.Alcyone, a River of Heaven.
single stai
"
2. A group of Opening of navigation.
seven stars
called the
Pleiades
3. Group called
tiie Hyades Tearfulness.
Six pointed star Emblem of the faith.
formed of two
triangles
*
Eight pointed star Emblem of the faith.
formed of two
squares
THE MILKY WAY
SCANDINAVIAN Usual form Pathway to Valhalla,
the home of the
gods.
NORTH AMERI-
"
Pathway of ghosts.
CAN INDIAN
MOHAMME-
DAN
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
HINDU
GRECIAN
JUDEAN
AND HINDU
IN GENERAL
THE RAINBOW
Usual form Bridge of heaven.
THE TORCH
Usual form Active power ofnature.
"
Progress.
FERE
Altar fires
Beacon fires
Sacrifice: consecration.
Communication be-
tween men.
*
Hearth fires Home. Loyalty to
family.
"
Usual form Votive offerings to the
gods.
"
Lantern and Emblem of Persian
dragon Sibyl, who prophe-
sied overcommg evil
by good.
TAPER OR CANDLE
IN GENERAL Usual form Emblem of Libyan
Sibyl, who prophe-
sied the sight of the
Saviour.
THE SUN
IN
GENERAL Usual form Emblem of beneficence
and fruitfulness.
When illuminating Emblem of Virgin
Mary as overcoming
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
ENGLISH
a woman with
the moon under
her feet and
crowned with
stars
the world. The
spirit warringagainst
the flesh.
THE MOON
Usual form Serene beauty. Pen-
siveness.
THE STARS
1. The morning Reward of "He that
star overcometh."
2. Star in the East Emblem of the nativ-
ity.
3. Cloud of stars Infinitude.
THE RAINBOW
Usual form Promise.
THE TORCH
Burning Christ as the Light of
the World.
Emblem of St. Theo-
dore.
In hand
LAMP
Seven lamps or
seven branched
candlestick
Five lamps burn-
ing
Five lamps extinct
Altar candle
Paschal candle
(Passover)
Proc essional
candle
Sacrament. Conse-
cration. The seven
primitive churches.
The five wise virgins.
The five foolish virgins.
One on each side of
cross.
On gospel side of choir.
Carried in procession
as the Head.
COLORS
"
The men of primeval times did not see colors: only
strong colors are seen by a child. No color has any symbolic
meaning taken in itseU, but only through association."
F. DeUtzach, D.D.
HEBREW AND
Country
IN GENERAL
ROMAN
COLORSContinued
Symbol
Red and black
Green
Signification
From life to death.
Youth. Victory.
Red Emblem of Bacchus,
god of vigor and
wine. Attribute of
Pollux, as immor-
tality.
Purple Royalty. Noble birth,
as "bom to the pur-
ple."
Black Attribute of Castor, as
mortality.
White Emblem of Jupiter as
chief divinity.
PLANETARY COLORS
CHALDEAN
HUNGARIAN
CHINESE
Golden yellow
Black
Orange
Red
Pale yellow
Blue
Red Path
Black
JAPANESE
Emblem of the sun.
Emblem of the moon.
Emblem of Planet
Jupiter.
Emblem of Planet
Mars.
Emblem of Planet
. Venus.
Emblem of Planet
Mercury.
Emblem of Attila's
blood stained trail.
Emblem of the North.
Water.
Emblem of the South.
Color of the T.'sing
dynasty.
Emblem of the West.
Metal.
Emblem of the East.
Wood.
The earth.
Warm colors such Masculine colors,
as red, purple,
orange, etc.
Cold colors such as Feminine colors.
blue, paleyellow,
grey, etc.
White Emblem of Minamoto
clan.
Red Emblemof Taira clan.
YeUow
White
Green
Red
11
Country
HERALDIC COLORS
ENGLISH Sable or black Grief. Penitence.
"
Argent or white or Purity. Faith.
silver
"
Gules or red Courage. Zeal.
"
Azure or blue Sincerity. Piety.
"
Vert or green Hope. Youth.
"
Purpure or purple Rank.
"
Tense or orange Endurance.
"
Sanguine or blood Patriotism. Sacrifice..
red
13
NUMBERS
"
Egyptian godsthe ordinary student may confine him-
self to lie study of the divinities, important enough to have
made in stone, bronze or pottery rather than those simply
sketched upon the walls or mentioned in the inscriptions.
Many names refer to the same divinity, called by different
names in different localities. In China there are 67 sects all
teaching the Christian religion to the natives; all different,
yet the same spirit. The Moslems have 99 names for Allah."
J?. H. Blanchard.
A Gnostic was a member of one of several sects which
existed between the first and sixth centuries after Christ.
They combined in their belief oriental theology, Greek
philosophy and the doctrines of Christianity.
THE MYSTIC NUMBER THREE
Symbol
The Triad
Godhead
Triad Godhead
Triad Godhead
Triad Godhead
Triad of Buddha
Country
MEMPHIAN
THEBAN
ABYDAN
HINDU
EAST INDIAN,
CHINESEAND
JAPANESE
IN GENERAL
SCANDINAVIAN Triad Godhead
SICILIAN
(3)
Signification
These are Ptah, Sek-
het, Nefer-Tem.
Amem-Ra, Maut,
Khonsu.
Osiris, Isis, Horus.
Brahma, Vishnu, Siva.
Personality, church,
law.
MANX
GRECIAN
The
_
Triscula or Which are three curves
Triskele joined together, each
by one end and form-
ing a three spoked
wheel, representing
fertility.
Odin, Thor, Prey.
The Trinacria or Emblem of City of
three legs joined Palermo.
at thighs by the
head of Medusa
The three legs of Emblem of Island.
the Isle of Man
joined at the
thighs
Three pointed tri- Emblem of Poseidon,
dent or spear
god of the sea.
Three sickles of Good fortune.
Megara
14
NUMBERSContinued
Country
ROMAN
Country
GNOSTIC
JAPANESE
NUMBERSContinued
Symbol
The seven Greek
vowels arranged
in cabalistic
mannerto signify
Seven household
gods
EGYPTIAN
EAST INDIAN
GRECIAN
EAST INDIAN,
CHINESE
AND JAPAN-
ESE
Signification
The Creator.
Daikoku, the god of
wealth. Ebisu, the
god of fish and labor.
Hotei, the god_ of
contentment. Bish-
amon, the god of
war. Fukurokuju,
the god of longevity.
Benten, the goddess
of love. Juro-jin,
the god of wisdom.
NUMBER EIGHT
Eight oared boat
The eight sacred
myths. Eight
elementary
gods
Eight gods of the
wind
The eightfoldpath
of Buddha
The Tchetetfet of the
Elysian fields or
Heaven.
Mystery of the faith.
Boreas of the north,
Kaekiasof the north-
east, ApeUotes of the
east, Euros of the
southeast, Notos of
the south. Lips of
the southwest,
2Jephyr of the west.
Right faith, right re-
solve, right speech,
right action, right
living, right effort,
right thought, right
seU-concentration.
NUMBER NINE
GRECIAN AND Nine muses
ROMAN
1. Clio as muse of
heroic endeavor,
history.
2. Euterpe as Baccha-
nalian music; the
flute.
3. Thalia as comedy.
4. Melpomone as song
and tragedy.
18
NUMBERSContinued
GRECIAN AND Nine musesCon- 5. Terpsichore as cho-
"""'"
"
'
ral dance and
ROMAN tinned
ROMAN
EAST INDIAN
JUDEAN
ROMAN
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
song.
6. Erato as erotic poet-
ry and the lyre.
7. Polyhymnia of in-
spired music.
8. Urania of celestial
phenomena.
9. Calliope of elo-
quence and epic
poetry.
NUMBER TEN
The ten Sibyls or Prophecy,
wise women
NUMBER TWELVE
Groups of twelve Twelve orders of Der-
vishes.
Groups of twelve Sons of Jacob.
Groups of twelve Tables of Roman law.
NUMBER SIXTEEN
Sixteen Arhats or Nearing
disciples of
Buddha
Nirvana
eternal bliss.
CHINESE
JAPANESE
NUMBER TWENTY-FOUR
The twenty-four Filial duty.
paragons.
NUMBER FIFTY-THREE
Refersto the fifty- The way of the noble
three stations path of the empire.
on the Tokaido
or highway be-
tween Ky5to
and Tokio
NUMBER TWO
IN GENERAL As opponent prop- Positive and negative.
erties Warp and woof.
NUMBER THREE
IN GENERAL Christian Triad Father, Son and Holy
Godhead Ghost.
17
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
NUMBER FOUR
Symbol Signification
The four rivers Tigris, Euphrates,
Pison, Gihon.
The four gospels Mathew, Mark, Luke
and John.
The four winged The evangelists pre-
beasts of the ceding.
Apocolypse
NUMBER FIVE
The five Patri- Alexandria, Constan-
archates of the tinople, Antioch,.
Greek Catholic Jerusalem, Russia.
church
NUMBER SIX
The number repre- The six attributes of
sents the Creator which
are Power, Majesty,
Wisdom, Love,
Mercy, Justice.
NUMBER SEVEN
IN GENERAL Seven stars
Seven golden
candlesticks
The number
sif
IN GENERAL
Angels of the seven
churches which are
Ephesus, Smjrma,
Pergamus, Thyatira,
Sardis, Philadelphia,
Laodicea.
Emblem of the seven
churches preceding.
Completeness.
NUMBER NINE
Usual form The angelic number.
ThenineWorthies These are of the Gen-
tilesHector, Alex-
ander, Julius Caesar.
Of the Jews
Joshua,
David, Judas Mac-
cabeus.
Of the Christians
King Arthur, Char-

lemagne, Godfrey of
Bouillon.
Love,
Joy,
Peace,
Long-sufiEering, Gen-
tleness, Goodness,
Faith, Meekness,
Temperance.
18
The nine fruits of
the Spirit
NUMBER TWELVE
IN GENERAL The number The disciples of Christ.
signifies The pearls as the gates
ofthenewJerusalem
.
NUMBER TWENTY-FOUR
IN GENERAL The number The twenty-four elders
of St. John's vision.
NUMBER FORTY
IN GENERAL The number Pasting and prayer.
NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED Am)
EIGHTY-EIGHT
SIBYLLINE Thenumbersigni- The name and nature
fies "in 8 units of Christ.
8 tens and 8
hundreds
"
19
ANIMALS
"
The phonetic alphabets of the Phcenidans, Greeks and
Romans were originally developed out of the primitive picture
writing or hieroglyphics of the Egyptians. The system of an
animal symbolism, which was such a prevalent feature of
Christian art of the Middle Ages, was derived for the most
part from an anonymous treatise on the nature of beasts,
originally known by the name of Physiologus." (See Ency.
Britt.)

/. R. Allen, F.S.A.
HEBREW Asm PAGAN FORM
Country
EGYPTIAN
THE LION
Symbol
Natural form
GRECIAN
U
ft
ROMAN
HEBREW
EAST INDIAN,
CHINESEAND
JAPANESE
PERSIAN
CHINESE
EAST fINDIAN,
CHINESE AND
6, JAPANESE
ROMAN
Signification
Kingliness. Emblem
of Sef or Yesterday
and Tuau or Today.
Emblem of deities or
kings, denoting
strength.
Emblem of Tefnut,
goddess of rain.
Majesty.
Protection.
Inscrutability. Pesti-
lence.
Emblem of Hercules,
god of strength.
Zodiacal constellation
denoting heat.
Guardians of Buddha's
temples.
National emblem. Sun
as residence of the
Lion of Strength and
Power.
THE TIGER
Stars outlining Constellation of the
tiger form West and Autumn.
Natural or conven- Materiality. The
tional form earth.
Tiger skin Emblem of Bacchus as
god of wine and
revelry.
20
With htmian, ani-
mal or bird head
Lion's head with
globe and asp
Male lion
Female lion
With breasts and
headof awoman
Lion's skin
Leo
With flaming tails
Lion with sun
Country
EGYPTIAN
CHINESE
JAPANESE
IN GENERAL
RUSSIAN
HEBREW
THE IBIS
Either full form or Emblem of Thoth, god
head alone of truth, scribe of
the dead.
FOXES
Natural form Mischief, cunsing.
Conventional form Emblem of Inari as
goddess of rice as
they are her mes-
sengers.
THE LEOPARD
Natural or conven- Stealthiness.
tional form
THE BEAR
Natural or conven-
tional form
THE GOAT
Stars outlining
form
The friend of mankind.
SCANDINAVIAN Natural form
GRECIAN Full form or horns
and legs
THE DOG
Natural form EAST INDIAN
(Parsee)
IN GENERAL Natural form
EGYPTIAN
CHINESE
HEBREW
EGYPTIAN
Zodiacal constellation
of Capricorn.
Emblem of Thor as
divine virility.
Emblem of Pan, the
nature god.
Vehicle of departing
souls.
Fidelity, obedience,
science.
Salacity. Emblem of
Bast. Life giving
rays of the sun.
THE RAT
Stars outlining rat Zodiacal constellation.
THE BULL
Stars outlining
THE CAT
Full form or head
form
Conventional or
natural form
with white trian-
gle on forehead
of black animal
andtwenty-eight
other marks.
Zodiacal constellation.
Emblem of Ptah as
creative power.
21
THE BULLContinued
EAST INDIAN, Conventional form Reincarnation.
CHINESEAND
JAPANESE
GNOSTIC Natural form Emblem of Ormuzd as
creator of Ufe.
THE HORSE
CHINESE Stars outlining Zodiacal constellation.
form
EAST INDIAN White horse with The sun.
flaming mane
RUSSIAN Natiiral or conven- Emblem of marriage,
tional form as human home-
making and happi-
ness.
ROMAN Natural or conven- Emblem of Castor,
tional form patron god of horse-
men.
SCANDINAVIAN Naturalor conven- Emblem of Prey as the
tional form sun's speed.
WELSH Gray horse Emblem of Satan
THE DEER
CHINESE Conventional form Symbol of honor and
success.
JAPANESE Conventional form Emblem of Juro-jin,
god of wisdom.
THE ELEPHANT
EAST INDIAN Dark colored The incarnation of
Indra.
"
When white Reincarnation of
Buddha.
DANISH Natural form Emblem of Denmark,
representing a royal
traveler to the East.
THE WOLF
SCANDINAVIAN Natural form
ROMAN
Twin wolves
Female wolf
Emblem of Odin, the.
sun god.
Emblem of Geri and
Freki.
Emblem of Remus and
Romulus as their
foster mother and
the nourishing guar-
dian of Rome.
22
Country
GRECIAN AND
ROMAN
EGYPTIAN
CHINESE
HEBREW
EAST INDIAN
PERSIAN
CHINESE
CHINESE
CHINESE
JAPANESE
THE SHEEP
Lamb skin Emblem of Jason and
the Order of the
Golden Fleece, sig-
nifying the sun.
Ram's head or full Emblem of Mendes
form and of Khnemu.
Stars outlining Zodiacal constellation.
form of ram
Natural form Zodiacal constellation
of Aries.
THE CAMEL
Natural form Patience, long suffer-
ing.
Natural form Comes home to camp,
like poet's cares.
THE HARE
The hare in the Signifying untiring in-
moon dustry.
Stars outlining Constellation.
hare
THE PIG
form
THE MONKEY
form
Natural form Attributes of Koshin
and god of roads.
These are Mi-Zaru
who sees no evil.
Kiki-Zaru who hears
no evil. Iwa-Zaru
who speaks no evil.
THE LION
IN GENERAL Natural or conven- Christ as the Lion of
tional form the tribe of Judah.
Strength. Guar-
dianship. Emblem
of St. Natalia, St.
Germanicus.
23
THE LIONContinued
Country
IN GENERAL
Symbol
Lion with wings
Aged lion
Signification
Emblem of St. Mark.
Cognizance, of
Venice.
Emblem of St. Jerome
who took thorn out
of foot. Gratitude.
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
THE TIGER
Natural or conven- Blood thirstiness.
tional form
THE WOLF
Natural or conven- Rapacity.
tional form Hunger.
Rapine.
THE FOX
Natural or conven- Syrnbol of craft. Cun-
tional form ning. Intemperance.
THE OX
Natural or conven-
tional form
Emblem of St. Luke,
who wrote of the
sacrificial nature of
Christ.
THE CALF
Natural or conven- Emblem of the Prodi-
tional form digal Son's return.
Weaknegs.
THE HORSE
IN GENERAL White horse
'
Red horse
"
Pale gray horse
Virginity in manhood.
The conquering
Christian.
Symbol of war.
Dissolution.
THE CAT
IN GENERAL Natural or conven- Loveoffreedom. Spite.
tional form
THE LAMB
IN GENERAL Natural or conven- Emblem of Christ as
tional form possessing the lamb's
meekness and gen-
tleness. Sacrifice.
"
Lamb with banner Emblem of St. Agnes.
24
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
THE DEER
Symbol
Four stags
Stag with Crucifix
between horns
Signification
Mathew, Mark, Luke
and John. Emblem
of St. Hubert.
Emblem of St. Eustace
as the zealous Chris-
tian hunting for con-
verts.
THE GOAT
Natural or conven- Dishonor. Material-
tional form ity.
THE APE
Natural or conven- Sin. Malice. Cunning.
tional form
THE ASS
Natural or conven- Emblem of flight into
tional form Egypt of "Holy
Family." Entry in-
to Jerusalem. Em-
blem of St. Anthony.
Humbleness.
25
FISHES
The Christian emblem of the fish was adopted by the
early followers of Christ as a secret sign. It may be seen cut
in the walls of the catacombs and doubtless served as a finger
post to the sanctuary within. It was chosen in Cabalistic
fashion by using the Greek word for fish which is composed
of the initial letters in the following sentence of that language:
"
Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviotir."
Country
EGYPTIAN
JAPANESE
GRECIAN
Symbol
The dolphin
SCANDINAVIAN
JAPANESE
ROMAN AND
HERALDIC
HEBREW
The carp
The red tai
Cuttle fish
Hippocamp or sea
horse
Sea lion
Sea dog
Twin fishes
26
Signification
Emblem of Isis, wife
of the sun god Osiris.
Hathor, goddess of
beauty. A marriage
emblem.
Reproductiveness.
Symbol of Aphrodite,
goddess of beauty
and fectmdity. Po-
seideon, god of the
sea. Apollo, god of
the sun. The hero
Ulysses as a sea
traveler.
Emblem of Fria, god-
dess of beauty and
fecundity.
Emblem of the boy,
signifying ambition
and success. The
Samurai fish because
indifferent to physi-
cal suffering.
Emblem of Ebisu, god
offish.
Emblem of Neptune,
god of the sea.
Healing.
Symbol of boldness.
Symbol of fidelity.
The Zodiacal
constel-
lation Pisces.
Em-
blem of February.
FISHESContinued
Country
HEBREW
CHINESE
JAPANESE
IN GENERAL
Symbol
Crab
The tortoise
Tortoise withflam-
ing tail
Signification
The constellation Can-
cer. Emblem of
summer.
Divination because it
carries mystic tab-
let on back.
Longevity.
EARLY CHRISTIAN FORM
THE FISH
Conventional or
natural form
Fish with key in
mouth
Fish with anchor
The whale
Emblem of Christ.
(See heading.) Em-
blem of Peter as
fisher of men. Em-
blem of Tobias.
Emblem of St. Benno.
Hope in Christ.
Symbol of Jonah.
37
BIRDS
"
There are two works which bear the title of
'
Edda,'
the one in verse, the other in prose. The first may be con-
sidered a symbolical work of the Scandinavian mythology;
the latter a kind of commentary on the first."
Grenville Pigott.
Edda means great-grandmother. The folklore of the
Elder Edda treats of heroic deeds, superstitions and myths.
The Younger Edda is a compilation of fables, metaphors and
rhetorical treatises.
Country
EGYPTIAN
ASSYRIAN
ANCIENT
HEBREW
GRECIAN
PHRYGIAN
ROMAN
GRECIAN
CHINESE
JAPANESE
EGYPTIAN
PERSIAN
THE EAGLE
Symbol
Natural or conven-
tional form
Natural or conven-
tional form
Natural or conven-
tional form
With thunderbolt
in claw
Double headed
Natural or conven-
tional form
In connection with
Ganymede, the
cup bearer of
Zeus
Natural or conven-
tional form
White eagle
Signification
The sun ssrmbol.
Emblem of Nisroch.
The divine spirit.
Vigilance. Majesty.
Double vision.
Emblem of Jupiter,
chief of the gods.
The Roman Le-
gions.
Symbol df abduction.
Sovereignty.
Emblem of Jimmu
Tenno, the first em-
peror. Divine right
of kings.
THE PHCENK
Bennu, a bird be- Immortality.
lieved to rise
from its own
ashes
Semorg, bird with
Prosperity. Vehicle of
head of a woman Mahomet.
28
Country
CHINESE
JAPANESE
PERUVIAN
PERSIAN
SABINE
RUSSIAN
\
FINNISH
/
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
EGYPTIAN
EGYPTIAN
EAST INDIAN
THE PH(ENIXContinued
Feng Wang, which Zodiacal constellation
is half peacock
and half pheas-
ant
Ho Ho. Half
pheasant and
half peacock
of the South. Ap-
pears before a pro-
pitious reign. Em-
blem of summer.
Emblem of the Em-
press.
THUNDER BIRDS
Probably wood- Presage of storm.
peckers
Guardian of treasures.
THE STORK
Natural or conven- Longevity.
tional form
The cormorant Emblem of Kushi-
yatama-no-kami,
deity of the eight
oflferings.
THE HAWK
Full form or head Emblem of Horus, son
of Osiris, as keen-
visioned.
THE VULTURE
Full form or head Emblem of Mut, god-
dess of the South and
the North.
Natural or conven- Scavenger of the earth,
tional form
THE GOOSE
SCANDINAVIAN Natural or conven- Emblem of Freya, the
tional form northern Venus.
ROMAN Natural or conven- Emblem of Juno, as it
tional form cackles the sunrise
for her.
JAPANESE
Wild geese flying Manhood.
THE COCK
CHINESE Stars outlining Zodiacal constellation.
form
Country
CHINESE
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
ASSYRIAN
SCANDINAVIAN
ROMAN
EGYPTIAN
JAPANESE
WELSH
GRECIAN
THE COCKContinued
Symbol
Signification
When on a drum Symbol of
peace as
drum shows
disuse.
Cock's comb and Bravery,
prosperity.
pheasant'splume
together
When on torii or Emblem of Amaterasu,
gate as it crows the sun-
rise for her.
THE DUCK
Pair of Mandarin Conjugal affection as
ducks they live and die in
pairs.
THE RAVEN
Natural or conven- Messenger of the gods,
tional form
"
Emblem of Woden.
"
Emblem of Apollo.
THE OWL
Full form or head Emblem of Amem-Ra.
Natural or conven- Filial ingratitude.
tional form
"
Emblem of Blodeu-
wedd, the unfaithful.
"
Emblem of Pallas
Athena as goddess
of wisdom.
FINNISH
GRECIAN
ROMAN
GRECIAN
THE CUCKOO
Natural or conven- Emblem of Aino.
tional form Tears. Desolation.
THE SWAN
Natural or conven- Emblem of Aphrodite,
tional form goddess of beauty.
"
Emblem of Venus,
goddess of beauty.
Leda, mother of
Helen.
THE DOVE
Natural or conven- Emblem of Dodona as
tional form
Turtle dove
30
prophetic messen-
gers. Emblem of
Aphrodite as her
aerial steeds.
Constancy.
EARLY CHRISTIAN AltD MODERN FORM
THE EAGLE
IN GENERAL Natural or conven- Emblem of St. John
tional fonn the Revelator as
having perfect vi-
sion. Theology.
Emblem of U. S. A.
as signifying eternal
vigilance.
*
Double headed Emblem of Holy Ro-
man Empire, Flan-
ders, Austro
-
Htm-
gary and Russia.
"
Young eagles fly- The Ascension.
ing upward
*
Eagleplimginginto Regeneration by bap-
water to renew tism.
youth
IN GENERAL
THE DOVE
Single, usually fly-
ing
Movingoverwaters
Shedding rays of
light
Perched on Inspiration,
shoulder
Holy Ghost, or [Spirit.
Peace.
The creation.
Spiritual blessing.
A pair of turtle
doves
Palm branch in
beak
On each side of a
cup
With serpent's tail
With olive branch
Offering at Presenta-
tion in the Temple.
Victory over death.
The Eucharist.
Combination of wis-
dom and peace.
Signifying the deluge.
THE RAVEN
IN GENERAL With bread in beak Emblem of Elijah. St.
Benedict.
"
Natural or conven- Melancholy. Stub-
tional form bomness.
THE SWALLOW
IN GENERAL Natural form Emblem of summer.
31
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
THE SPARROW
Natural fonn The traveler. Vandal-
ism.
THE NIGHTINGALE
Natural form Harmony. Exclusive-
THE THRUSH
IN GENERAL Natural form Melodiousness.
THE WREN
IN GENERAL Natural form Modesty.
THE STORK
IN GENERAL Natural form The bearer of the new
born.
THE SWAN
IN GENERAL Natural or conven- Solitude. Emblem of
tional form St. Hubert of Lin-
coln.
THE COCK
IN GENERAL Natural or conven- Emblem of Peter, who
tional form denied his Lord.
THE PARTRIDGE
IN GENERAL Natural form Parental affection.
32
Country
EGYPTIAN
INSECTS
FICTITIOUS AND NATURAL
The scarab is a model in pottery or stone of the sacred
beetle of the Egyptians. It has been rightly named
"
A
portable historic document," for the flat side of each scarab
is engraved with signs, which, when translated, give the
history of the owner. These personal seals were buried
with tile mummy after decease. As many as three hundred
scarabs have been found on one royal mummy. They ceased
to be used in 600 B. C.
HEBREW AND PAGAN FORM :
THE BEETLE
Stone or pottery 1. Signify mythologi-
model known as cal deities or
the scarab, in- events.
scribed to 2. Names and ranks of
historic person-
ages.
3. Names of animals
and plants.
4. Funeral signs.
5. Amulets to protect
wearers.
6. Signature or official
mark.
7. Bearing quotations
from the Book of
the Dead and
placed in the
heart cavity of
the mummy.
THE LOCUST
Natural form Scourge. Appetite.
THE BAT
Natural or conven- Contentment. Happi-
tional form ness.
Five bats Wealth, longevity,
health, love of vir-
tue, peaceful end.
THE SCORPION
form Emblem of October.
JUDEAN
CHINESE
HEBREW
83
THE CHAMELEON
IN GENERAL Natural fonn Changeableness.
THE BEE
IN GENERAL Nattiral or conven- Industry. Diligence.
Emblem of Napo-
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
JAPANESE
tional form
THE ANT
Nattiral form
THE FLY
Natural form
THE GNAT
Natural form
leon and Beethoven.
Conmiunity spirit.
Pestilence.
Torment. Irritation.
THE SPIDER
When weaving Patience. Subtility.
Emblem of Arachn^.
THE SNAIL
Natural form
FIREFLIES
Natural form
Fruitfulness.
Ghosts of slain war-
riors.
34
THE SERPENT
of the genius of fhe was the essence
-Lenormant.
"
Symbolism
Egyptian nation."-
OphitesÂ Gnostic sect who believed that the serpent
in the Garden of Eden was the impersonation of Divine Wis-
dom and the Teacher of Men.
THE COBRA
EGYPTIAN With head erect, Sovereignty. Genera-
ringed skin and tive power of the
swelling throat sun.
EAST INDIAN Seven headed Emblem of Naga.
THE ASP
EGYPTIAN Head erect, short Royalty. Divine good-
thick body ness and irdmor-
tality.
THE COLUBER
EGYPTIAN Long body and Destroyer of souls.
head in horizon-
tal position.
CHINESE
GRECIAN AND
ROMAN
GRECIAN AND
ROMAN
GRECIAN
POMPEIAN
THE SERPENT
Stars outlining
form
Twin serpents,
coiled about a
wand, with
heads erect
Twined as curls
aboutaface with
staring eyes
Coiled on shield of
Athena or at her
feet
Natural or conven-
tional form
35
Zodiacal constellation.
Fertility.
Emblem of ^sculapius
founder of medicine.
Symbol of Hermes
and Mercury.
Emblem of the Gorgon
Medusa, whose hair
was changed to ser-
pents.
Emblem of her foster
son, Eriectbonios,
whom as a child she
kept in a chest with
the serpent of wis-
dom.
Household gods (Lares
and Penates), gods
of fertility.
THE SERPENTContinued
MEXICAN Feathered serpent Emblem of Quetzal-
coatl, Aztec, "Fair
god." Patron of law-
order and agricul-
ture.
SCANDINAVIAN Serpent with tail The Universe.
in its mouth,
forming a circle
(JSrmungund).
JUDEAN Brazen serpent of Healing.
Moses' tune
JUDEAN
FRENCH
HERALDIC
THE ADDER
With one ear to the Prudence.
groundandstop-
ping other ear
wiVi her tail
THE SALAMANDER
Allied to the lizard Emblem of Francis the
and frog first. Immune tofire.
THE BASILISK
Crested head, erect Cruelty.
andpiercing eyes
Mesmerism.
IN GENERAL
ELIZABETHAN
OPHITES
IN GENERAL
THE SERPENT
Natural or conven- Evil overcome by good
tional form
Crawlingonground Sin. Subtility.
With Adam and Knowledge of good
Eve and evil.
Head erect Human wisdom.
Natural form Emblem of Christ as
perfect widsom.
THE CROCODILE
Natural form Dissimulation.
36
FABULOUS CREATURES
"
With savages, most religions sprang from a desire to
propitiate by worship those powers from whom they feared
that some injury may be done."
Fergusson.
Among the descendants of Shem, son of Noah, were the
Assyrians, Phoenicians, Arabians and Hebrews, but the
latter were the only people among those tribes who believed
in one God and no lesser deities. Therefore their ritual was
less incumbered by fabulous creatures than any of the others.
Country
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
CHINESE
JAPANESE
EAST INDIAN
ROMAN
HERALDIC
Signification
Imperial guardian of
the air. Bearer of
the imperial dead to
Paradise.
Imperial guardian of
the waters.
THE DRAGON
Symbol
Serpent's body,
bulging eyes,
homedheadand
five claws, in
clouds and gen-
erally pursuing
the ball of wis-
dom
In water or rising
above streams,
with above form
Threading swamps Imperial guardian of
or near fields the marshes.
Whenshowingonly Dragon of the common
three claws people, representing
increasing prosper-
ity.
Stars outlining Zodiacal constellation
form of the East.
Chinese form with Spiritual guardian of
eyes gazing up- the faith.
ward
The same with
eyes gazing
downward
Usual form
Dragon chained to
a rock
Hydra or seven
headed dragon
Winged dragons
facing arms
37
Earthly guardian of
the faith.
Guardian of the faith.
Symbol of Perseus and
Andromeda.
Terror. Destruction.
Guardianship.
Country
EGYPTIAN
GRECIAN
PERSIAN
GRECIAN
HEBREW
GRECIAN
IN GENERAL
ROMAN
GRECIAN
IN GENERAL
CHINESE
Signification
Strength and intelli-
gence.
Emblem of Horus as
guardian of the body
of Osiris.
Emblem of Khnemu,
the maker of stars.
Pestilence. Secrecy.
Emblem of the Magian
Genius of Prophecy.
THE SPHINX
Symbol
Body of lion and
human head
Body of lion with
hawk's head
Body of lion with
ram's head
Bodyoflion, breast
and head of a
woman
Andro-Sphinx
Bird's body, man's
legs and scor-
pion's tail
THE CENTADR
A horse's body Brute force.
with a man's
shoulders, arms
and head
A horse's body Zodiacal constellation
with a man's known as Sagittar-
shoulders, arms ius, the archer.
and head
THE HARPY
Head and breast of Torment. Voracious
a woman, body appetite.
of a vulture
THE SIREN
Half woman, half Allurement. . Entan-
fish glement. Danger-
ous affection.
Circe,whochanged Baleful attraction.
captives into Sorcery,
beasts
THE GRIFFIN
Lion's body, eagle Emblem of Alexander
or vulture head the Great.
Lion's body, eagle Invincibility.
or vulture head
THE UNICORN
Chilin. Body of Prosperity. Peace,
antelope with
single horn
38
Country
JAPANESE
THE UNICORNContinued
The Kirin. Body Virtue. Radiant
of deer with beauty.
single horn
MOHAMMEDAN Body of antelope Chastity.
withsinglehorn
EARLY CHRISTIAN Am) MODERN FORM
THE DRAGON
Resembling Chi- Emblem of St. Mi-
chael. St. George.
Evilcrushedto earth.
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
AND
HERALDIC
nese form and
depicted under
foot
When chained Emblem of St. John of
Rheims.
With a staff Emblem of St. Mar-
garet.
When winged Emblem of St. Syl-
vester.
"The great red Lust,
dragon
"
THE UNICORN
Body of a horse, Chastity.
tail of a lion,
hoofs of a stag,
central long
horn, protruding
outward
3S
ANGELIC PERSONAGES
"
Knowledge of Christian symbolism is requisite for
those who study ancient illuminations, sculptures, stained
glass and other decorative arts. It is absolutely necessary
for the architect and student of mediaeval architecture to have
a thorough acquaintance with the art which guided its early
masters."
W. and G. Audsley.
Country
JUDEAN
EGYPTIAN
AND
ASSYRIAN
EAST INDIAN
BUDDHISTIC
ANGELS
Symbol
Michael, Gabriel,
Suriel, Raphael,
Tauthaboth,
Eratooth.
The good Genii
The Vedic.
Apsaris.
AsB8dhisatvas
and Rakan
MOHAMMEDAN Houri, dark-eyed
maidens; be-
ings which
have never
been mortals
Signification
Celestial Service.
Celestial service.
Bearers of water for
the tree of Life.
Charmers of the blest.
Sanctified service of
saints, once mortals.
In the service of the
blest.
ARCHANGELS
Michael
Gabriel
Asrafil
Israfel
Conductor.
Recording Angel.
Herald of the Resur-
rection.
SCANDINAVIAN Valkyria Ministering angels of
ValhaUa or Hall of
the Blest. Attend-
ants of Odin.
"
The Nomies Bearers of sacred wa-
ter to Yggdrasil.
CHINESE The seven wor- Knowledge of happi-
thies ness.
"
The Genii wholive Rulers of spirits.
uponair and ride
to heaven on the
back of a dragon
40
Celestial ministry.
EAKLY CHRISTIAN FORM
THE OTNE CHOIRS WHICH ARE
IN GENERAL 1. Archangels
2. Angels
3. Cherubim
4. Seraphim
5. Thrones
6. Dominions
7. Virtues
8. Powers
9. Principalities
THE ARCHANGELSPRIMARY
1. Michael, Cap- Divine likeness.
tain of the host
2. Gabriel, annun-
ciation and Divine power,
resurrection
3. Uriel, leader of Divine light.
Seraphim
4. Raphael Divine restorer.
SECONDARY
6. Zophiel
6. Zadkiel
7. Hamiel
8. Camiel
9. ZaphMel
The Seraphim are Guardians of the
represented by Throne.
infants' heads,
surrounded by
six wings: the
two upper and
two lower are
crossed
The Cherubim are Signify adoration and
represented by protection.
infants' heads
between two
wings
Angels bearing The Dominion of God.
sceptres
Angels bearing Felicity in Heaven.
musical instru-
ments
Angels bearing The voice of Deity.
trumpets
41
Leaders of choirs.
IN GENERAL Angels with cen- Prayers.
sers
*
Angels with gar- In the active service of
ments belted Deity.
'
Angels without Heavenly service only.
sandals
"
Cloud or circle of Spiritual ecstasy.
angels
"
Angels Loving thoughts.
42
THE HALO AND THE CROWN
"
Mithraic (early Persian) bas-reliefs cut on the faces of
rocks, or on stone tablets, abound in the countries formerly
the Western Provinces of the Holy Roman Empire, exist in
Germany, still more in France and in England, on the line
of the Picts (early tribe) wall and the noted ones at Bath.
Insomuch as Bel, the Semitic sun god, was the great divinity
of the Druids, it is easy to see what a ready acceptance the
worship of his more refined Persian equivalent (Mithra)
would find among Celtic races when once introduced by the
Roman troops and colonists, many of whom were Orientals."
C. W.King, M.A.
HEBREW AKTO PAGAN FORM
Country
EAST INDIAN,
JAPANESE
AND
CHINESE
JUDEAN
THE HALO
Circular or trefoil, The triad god. The
whether plain or sun's rays. Sanctity.
decorated
Two rayed halo of Truth and Justice.
Moses, appear-
ing also as horns
THE CROWN
EGYPTIAN Whencomposed of Emblem of Theban,
solar disk and sun god. Amem-Ra.
two falcon
feathers
"
Disk with goat Emblem of Isis, signify-
homs ing life and strength.
"
White crown Crown of upper Egypt.
shaped like a
cone
Red crown shaped
like a band with
a peak
Red and white
crown,together;
one within the
other
u
Crown of lower Egypt,
generally worn by
Neith, as goddess of
hunting and weav-
ing.
Double crown of
Egypt, generally
worn by Mut, the
Theban divine
mother, as well as
other chief gods.
THE CROWNContinued
EGYPTIAN Shuticrownof ten Signifies power to
double ostrich divide the heavens
plumes and enter therein.
"
Atef crown com- Generally worn by
posed of asps, Thoth as master of
horns and law.
plumes, circling
the white crown
of upper Egypt
THE WREATH
GRECIAN AND When of cypress Symbol of Pluto, Chief
ROMAN leaves of Hades.
"
Whenofoak leaves Symbol of Zeus or
Jupiter, as the
father god.
"
When of pine Symbol of Pan as
leaves Nature's king.
*
When of laurel Symbol of Apollo and
leaves the Muse Clio.
*
When of willow Symbol of Hera as a
leaves part of her residence
tree.
"
When of myrtle Symbol of the bride.
leaves
THE HALO
IN GENERAL Knownas the Nun-
bus when cir-
cUng the head
only
*
As Aureola, when Sanctification.
circling head
and shoulders
"
Known as the
Glory, when
circling entire
figure
THE NIMBUS
IN GENERAL When circular and Emblem of the First
plain or with Person of the Trin-
three rays or ity.
with the Greek
letters O Q N
lAm
44
THE NIMBUSContinued
IN GENERAL When bearing Second Person of the
Greek cross or Trinity.
Lamb or rays
*
When square Symbol of distinction
only.
THE CROWN
IN GENERAL Usual form Symbol of the Virgin
Mary.
"
AKHien at feet of Signifying noble birth.
Saints
"
When worn on the Emblem of royal
head birth.
"
When held in the Symbol of the Virtues,
right hand
When of thorns Emblem of the cruci-
fixion. The Delphic
Sibyl, who prophe-
sied the suffering of
the Saviour.
THE CORONA
IN GENERAL Crown of lights The Resurrection.
used in churches
on special occa-
sions
THE GARLAND OR CHAPLET
IN GENERAL As a circlet The crown of beauty.
Wreath of poetry.
"
When used as Exuberance of life.
a continuous
Joy.
Mirth.
motif in deco-
ration
THE MITRE
IN GENERAL The two pomts of a The Old and New
bishop's crown Testaments.
or mitre, which
is usuallyofcloth
studded with
gems
DUCAL CROWN
ENGLISH Designed in straw- Companionship with
berry leaves royalty.
43
THE CROSS AND THE
MONOGRAM
"
By these outward fonns early Christians were inspired
with feelings of devotion and love and in the absence of books
derived from them their chief knowledge of objects made
sacred by usage. To the unlearned they spoke a clear and
intelligible language; that they were full of poetry, no one
who will endeavor to interpret them can doubt."
Louisa Twining.
"
The cross, the priestly robes and symbols are all
anterior to the Christian era by thousands of years."
Alexander Wilder, M.D.

HEBREW AND PAGAW
THE CROSSContinued
ROMAN Sign of omission (as
when placed upon
houses where child
was to be spared
during the Massacre
of the Innocents.)
"
Emblem of Hellespon-
tine Sibyl.
CRUX ANSATA OR KEY OF LIFE
ANKH
EGYPTIAN The tau sur- Immortality. Eternal
mounted by life.
circle of eternity
in elliptical form
9
IN GENERAL The original or tree "The accursed tree."
cross Humiliation.
THE CROSS
IN GENERAL With equal arms Christianity. The
+
Greek cross.
Greek cross of red Symbol of the Rosi-
color crucians. The Tem-
plars. Red Cross
Society.
47
THE CROSSContinued
IN GENERAL With vertical arm The Crucifixion. The
extended above Latin cross.
horizontal arm
t
With double hori- Emblem of an arch-
zontal arms bishop.
t
With triple hori- Emblem of the Pope,
zontal arms
f
In form of letter X Martyrdom. The^sal-
tire or St. Andrew's
cross (as this saint
was martyred on
this form.)
X
ENGLISH Composed of four Known as the Canter-
hammer-like bury cross,
crosses
^
48
Country
RUSSIAN
THE CROSSContinued
The Latin cross Emblem of Christ and
with one half of St. Andrew, the first
St. Andrew's
cross strapped
acrosslowerpor-
tion of upright
Christian mission-
ary to Russia. The
Slavonic cross.
IN GENERAL Of equal arms Emblem of Free-
shaped like masons. The eight
fishes' tails Beatitudes. The
Maltese cross.
m
The Latin cross Signifying the Soldiers
withvertical arm of the Cross. The
pointed at base Crusaders' cross.
in order to fix in
the ground
Either Greek or Heraldic cross called
Latin cross with Batonn^.
three balls at end
of arms
+
40
Country
IN GENERAL
CELTIC
THE CROSSContinued
Either Greek or Heraldic device called
Latin form with Pomm.
one ball or apple
at the ends
+
Composed of four Heraldic device called
tau crosses cross potent.
ffl
Composed of cross Known as the
Jem-
potent and salem cross.
Greek cross
^
Either Greek or Heraldic device called
Latin form with cross Fleur^.
three leaves at
point
+
Latin cross with Immortality.
circle of eternity
t
50
THE CROSSContinued
IN GENERAL Latin cross worn The Pectoral cross.
on the breast
*
Latin cross placed Pilgrims' prayers.
at wayside or
well
"
Latin cross made The Monstrance, sig-
with receptacle nifying the Euchar-
in centre to hold ist or Communion.
sacred bread
*
Latin crosswithre- The Reliquary, Sacred
ceptacle to hold Memories.
relics of saints
*
Latin cross afSzed TheRoodcross. Faith.
to a loft or beam
or screen
ENGLISH Public crosses The heart of the town.
*
Roadside crosses Right of sanctuary.
*
Boundary crosses Limited rights.
*
Memorial crosses Sacred ground.
*
Preaching crosses Age of faith.
*
Grave crosses Immortality through
Christ.
*
The processional Jurisdiction.
cross when
borne before a
bishop
51
TWO MONOGRAMS
Country Symbols Signification
IN GENERAL The letter P com- Monogram of the
bined with letter Saviour. The cross
X or the first two of Constantine or
letters of the the portentious sign
Greek word for which he saw in the
Christ heavens. The pre-
cious sign or portent.
I. H. S. Initials of Monogram of the Sav-

sentence "Jesus iour. The Precious
Homenum Sal- Emblem.
vator" (Jesus
Saviour of men)
62
DEMONS, SATYRS AND
NYMPHS
"A lover of the Bible is a philosopher of the highest
class: for that word by its derivation signifies a lover of wis-
dom, from the Greek word
'
phUos,' lover, and
'
sophia,'
wisdom. From these premises it is clear that a desire to
relegate to the limbo of imtaught ' questions ' any branch of
the religious study, finds no support from the Scriptures.
The word devil occurs more than fifty times in the New Tes-
tament. The Cinghalese religion consists almost entirely of
devil worship. In Ceylon, the fear of the devil is allowed full
scope. In Christendom, iSie fear certainly exists and perhaps
a certain degree of reverence, but the form of worship is
lacking. This implies indirect or negative worship."
E. Tiirney.
HEBREW Ain> PAGAN FORM
Country
SCANDINAVIAN
CHINESE
JAPANESE
DEMONSContinued
Erictho Sorcery in the forest.
The Galdrankinna Interference with af-
fairs of the heart.
With man's form Evil influence.
though abnor-
mal
Emma o, chief of Regent of Hades and
ten devils in demoniacal scribe.
Hades
ORKNEY
ISLANDS
ENGLISH AND
IRISH
ENGLISH AND
IRISH
ENGLISH AND
IRISH
GERMAN
SCOTTISH
Oni or attendant
devils, such as
bewitched foxes
and badgers
The Tengu, long
nosed goblins
The Skow or devil
Will-o-the-Wisp
Jack-o-Lantheni
The Banshee
False leaders.
Demoniacal swords-
manship.
Kidnapper of church-
goers.
False lights that lure
the unwary.
Messenger of fatalities.
The Elves (evil) Sylvan mischief-
makers.
Wicked elves and Glee in mischief.
Gnomes
Haxa, the druidess The Sorceress.
GRECIAN
SCOTTISH
SATYRS AND FAUNS
Man'sbody, goat's Lasciviousness.
horns, tail and elry.
hoofs
Ourisk or the
Highlandsatyr
Freebooting.
Rev-
NYMPHS
GREEK AND Feminine wood License; lawlessness;
ROMAN creatures, con- the light-footed;
sorts of satyrs beautiful but soul-
si
Signification
Ferocity, Sorcery,
Lust, Lunacy, Tyr-
anny, Egotism, Re-
bellion, Deceit.
DEMONS
Country Symbol
IN GENERAL Mehistopheles
Prince of Dark-
ness
Lucifer
Satan
Adversary
The Wicked One
Beelzebub
"
A devil. Judas Disloyalty.
Iscariot
(John 6:70)
"
The Possessed Necromancy.
(Luke 9:39)
"
Thesonofthe devil Heritage.
(John 8:44)
"
The demon cup as The cup of sorcery.
defined
(1 Cor. 10:21)
IN GENERAL
WITCHES
Thewitch of Endor Phantasy,
for evU.
Foresight
6S
GEOMETRICAL FORMS
"
Every ornament to deserve the name, must posse,ss
an appropriate meaning and be introduced witii an intelligent
purpose. The symbolic association of each ornament must
be understood; otiierwise things beautiful in themselves
will be rendered absurd by their application."
A. W. Pugin.
THE CIRCLE
EGYPTIAN Whenrepresentmg Eternity.
the sun or moon
ASSYRIAN
EAST INDIAN
When placed on a
dish
When winged and
enclosing figure
ofAssur,thesun
god
Three circles
joined together
SCANDINAVIAN Circle with one
dot in the cen-
ter
Sacred bread used as
altar offerings.
Immortality.
Signify Brahma the
Creator, Vishnu the
preserver and Siva
the destroyer.
Emblem of Preya,
goddess of beauty.
EGYPTIAN
ROMAN
With three dots Symbol of the triad
in the center god.
As solid circle or Emblem of Osiris, the
globe withwings sun god and Judge
of aspiration,
horns of strength
and serpents of
wisdom
of the Dead,
dote to evil.
Anti-
Full formorcres- Emblem of Diana,
cent goddess of himting.
MOHAMMEDAN Crescent and star Emblem of the faith.
National arms of
Turkish Empire.
THE WHEEL
EGYPTIAN Natural or conven- The sun.
tional form
BUDDHISTIC The Chakra Wheel of law and
prayer,
56
Country
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
THE SQUARE
Usual form The earth.
Whenplaced with- Heaven and earth.
in a circle
CHALDEAN Usual fonn The perfect form or
AND JUDEAN plan.
ROMAN When referring toEmblern of ancient
the Roman city which was
Quadrata or an- builded square.
cient symbol
stone
MOHAMMEDAN Whenreferringto Emblem of the faith.
the Caaba or
sacred square
stone and tem-
p 1 e of the
Prophet at
Mecca.
LINE
When vertical Signifies the masculine
in nature.
When horizontal Signifies the feminine
or curved in nature.
Zigzag Water. The Nile river.
Zig zag Life's course.
When invected or Land.
ingrailed
(scalloped)
Meandering lines Continuity of life.
suchastheDoric
fret, etc.
When used as a Continuity of life.
chain
Ogee or double Balance and support.
cturved line
When in the form Emblem of ancient
of a labyrinth mystical grove or
woodland. Sacrifi-
cial temple.
THE TRIANGLE
When used as em- Signifies intelligence,
blem of Osiris, matter and cosmos.
Isis and Horus
SCANDINAVIAN
Usual form Emblem of the triad
god.
57
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
EGYPTIAN
NORMAN
HERALDIC
EGYPTIAN,
GRECIAN
AND
ROMAN
CHINESE
AND
JAPANESE
IN
GENERAL
EGYPTIAN
Country
EAST INDIAN
JUDEAN
IN GENERAL
THE TRIANGLEContinued
Whenpointing up- Emblem of Siva as god
ward of fire.
When pointing Emblem of Vishnu as
downward god of water.
Both forms inter- Creation of fire and
secting water.
Withunequal sides The Almighty.
and two Hebrew
letters of Jeho-
vah's name.
"
Double and inter- The seal of Solomon.
secting The positive and
negative attributes
of creation.
THE RECTANGLE
EGYPTIAN, Whenusedasbase Sacred form of the
GRECIAN AND for tombs and faith.
MEXICAN altars.
THE PENTAGON
When used as a Divination.
pentagram or
five sided object
andthepentacle
or five pointed
star
THE HEPTAGON
A figure of seven Brahma's palace or
sides and seven the divine abode.
angles, as
THE OCTAGON
A figure of eight The path of life,
sides and eight
angles, contain-
ing the eight tri-
^
grams or mysti-
cal lines intro-
duced by an
ancient sage,
and the design
known as le
Pakwa
Usual form Emblem of heaven's
palace of eight sides.
Residence of god-
dess on Fuji moun-
tain.
EAST INDIAN
CHINESE
JAPANESE
58
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
THE CIRCLE
Usual form Eternity. Masonic
boundary line of
duty.
When above head Sanctity.
In crescent form Dominion,
when beneath
feet of Virgin
THE SQUARE
A figure of four The Christian. The
sides and four New Jerusalem,
angles Honesty.
Whenplacedwith- Eternity of Ufe.
in a circle
KNOTS AND ENLACEMENTS
EARLY CELTS
JUDEAN
ITALIAN
IN
GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN
GENERAL
IN
GENERAL
(When endless)
Runic knot Love of God.
Solomon's knot Wisdom.
True lover's knot Fidelity.
Enlacement in any Emblem of the Co-
form mancine builders.
The joy of Christian
living.
THE HEXAGON
A figure with six The attributes of the
sides and six Creator.
angles
THE HEPTAGON
A figure of seven The seven churches.
sides and seven Seven angels. Seven
angles k.mps. Seven seals.
THE OCTAGON
A figure of eight Baptism. Regenera-
sides and eight tion. (Creation in
angles seven days, the
eighth represents
recreation.)
THE DECAGON
A figure of ten Signifying the Dis-
sides and ten ciples, omittingPeter
angles and Judas, the one
who denied and the
one who betrayed.
59
THE DODECAGON
IN GENERAL A figure of twelve Signifying the twelve
sides and twelve Disciples.
THE WHEEL
IN GENERAL When winged and Symbol of the thrones
of fire and with or one of the choirs
eyes in wings of angels.
60
ARCHITECTURAL FORMS
History informs us that one of the ancient symbols of the
Universe was a cave. The Zoroastrian sect in Persia were
among the people who painted upon these caves emblems of
natwre's forces.
The Ammonites were worshipers of Jupiter in Libya.
THE MENHIR AND DOLMEN
DRUIDICAL Upright stones Sun altars.
JUDEAN raised as altars Emblem of Jacob who
raised altar stone to
the one God. The
Beth-el.
THE COLUMN OR PILLAR
EGYPTIAN Column with lotus Emblem of the faith.
or papyrus capi-
tal
"
When signifying Emblem of Nut, Neith,
pillars of heaven the sky goddess, as
representing her
arms and limbs.
GRECIAN The Doric column. Signifies primitive
A coltmm with force.
plain cushion
covered by an
abacusorsquare
tablet for its
capital
"
The Ionic column. Signifying the influ-
A column with ence of education
four volutes for upon primitiveforce.
its capital
"
The Corinthian Signifying the begin-
IN GENERAL
column. A col-
umn with acan-
thus leaves and
volutes for its
capital
A column used Disti'nction
singly as a minion.
monument in
any style
61
ning of degeneracy
in primitive force.
Do-
THE COLUMN OR PILLARContinued
Country
VENETIAN
EGYPTIAN
JAPANESE
IN GENERAL
PERSIAN AND
PICTISH
ROMAN
JUDEAN
ROMAN AND
VENETIAN
Symbol
When used as a
gondolahitcliing
post and deco-
rated with coat
of arms belong-
ing to family
owning the post
When striped with
red and white
Signification
Emblem of distinction.
Emblem of the barber,
who, in ancient
times was a surgeon
and used this sign
of a bandaged limb.
THE GATE
The Pylon
Torii or perch for
the fowl which
announced the
sunrise
In various forms
Entrance to the sanc-
tuary. Barriers to
evil.
Emblem of Amaterasu
the sun goddess.
Emblem of Inari, the
goddess of rice.
Protection. Safety.
Commerce, Judicial
assembly.
THE ARCH
In temples or on The arch of the sun.
tomb sculptures
Used singly as a Victory. Dominion.
monument
Employedinbuild- Hospitality.
ings
THE PAVEMENT
The palace floor of Emblem of the sea.
Solomon
Mosaic floors in The movement and
churches and color of the sea.
palaces
IN GENERAL
EARLY PER-
SIAN
EAST INDIAN
THE DOME AND CENTRE
The dome The canopy of heaven.
The Omphalos or The centre of the
naveL (The ori-
gin ofthe dome.)
Vedic omphalos
62
earth.
SymboliOf
Iran.
Signifying Yama,
dwelling on the cen-
tre of the earth.
THE DOME AND CENTREContinued
GRECIAN AND Centre of dweUing Stability.
ARABIAN or hearth
CHINESE Centreor apex, the Emblem of Shung-ti,
MOKI INDIAN
single stone of
thesteppedtem-
ple
The Bowl. (Archi-
tectural form.)
the chief of all the
gods.
Emblem of the dome
of heaven.
IN GENERAL
EGYPTIAN
ROOF AND CEILING
Usual form of roof Canopy of
Protection.
Hospitality.
Decoration of ceil- The elements.
ings. Whenrep-
resenting figure
of goddess Nut
or the sky bend-
ing over the
earth god Seb
and supported
by the air god
Shu
heaven.
Safety.
CHALDEAN,
CHINESE,
JAPANESE
AND
MEXICAN
STEPS OR STAIRS
When erected Signifying rising stages
singly or in of mankind toward
groups heaven or highest
place.
IN GENERAL
THE WALL
Single or double Barrier. Safety. Pros-
perity. Distinction.
THE BRIDGE
CHINESE AND In any form
JAPANESE
*
When bowed
The way of the gods.
Bridge of heaven or
rainbow.
MOHAMMEDAN When of a hair's Bridge of Paradise
breadth which only the
righteous are able
to cross.
63
Country
EGYPTIAN
FEUDAL
EUROPEAN
EGYPTIAN
THE TOWER
Tat or measuring The steps to heaven.
towerof the Nile.
Nilometer.
Tall, slender and Protection of the
generally win- church treasures.
dowless at base Watching.
THE PYRAMIB
Monumental buri- Fire of the gods.
al places of kings Residence of the
dead.
THE COLUMN
IN GENERAL Usual form Aspiration of the
Christian. The
morally strong. The
Straightforward.
THE ARCH
IN GENERAL Usual form Thebeneficence ofGod.
The hospitality of
Christian faith.
THE DOME
IN GENERAL Usual form Love of God.
RUSSIAN Cluster of five Signifying the Metro-
domes politan and his four
bishops.
THE DOOR
The Western Door Emblem of Christ.
of Church
When open Emblem of welcome.
Generosity.
THE GATE
When golden or Signifies entrance to
pearly heaven.
"
When of brass Signifies entrance to
Hades.
THE TOWER OR STEEPLE
IN GENERAL Usual form Purity. Aspiration.
Emblem of St. Bar-
bara who was called
the "Ivory tower of
purity."
64
ENGLISH
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
STEPS OR STAIRS
Usual fonn Pilgrimage. Pathway
of the seeker after
spiritual knowledge.
GARGOYLES
When represented Evil spirits kept on
by grotesque the outside of the
forms church. Scare devils
to ward oflE evil
spirits.
DIVISIONS
(Early Christian Churches)
IN GENERAL Thebemaor centre The Holy of Holies or
Heaven. Sanctity.
"
The chorus or ap- Holy place or proba-
proach to the tion.
centre
"
The narthex or Penitence. Approach,
porchto the tem-
ple to commem-
orate porch of
Solomon's tem-
ple
65
MILITARY EMBLEMS
"
The decorative beauty of heraldry, far from being that
of form and color alone was always an imagmative one de-
pending much on the symbolic meaning of its designs."
G. W. Eve.
HEBREW Airo PAGAN FORM
THE SPEAR OR LANCE
Country
THE WINGED HELMET
ROMAN, The messenger.
SCANDINAVIAN
THE SWORD
IN GENERAL Flaming sword Divine wrath. Em-
blem of Zophiel.
Angel of the garden
of Eden.
*
Usual form Symbol of St. Paul as
the Christian soldier.
*
When piercing Emblem of St. Thomas
hand of Canterbury.
"
When at feet of Emblem of St. Pan-
saint talon.
"
When showing Signifies justice.
acute point
*
When obtuse point Signifies religion.
*
When blunted Signifies mercy.
point
*
Whenheld upright Consecration. Al-
legiance.
SPEAR OR LANCE
IN GENERAL Usual or conven- Symbol of St. Michael,
tional form St. George, St.
Phillip. European
Sibyl who prophe-
sied the flight into
Egypt.
THE ARROW
IN GENERAL Usual form Emblem of St. Sebas-
tian who was mar-
tyred by arrows.
Emblem of the
hunter and of Cupid.
THE DAGGER
IN GENERAL Misere-corde or Protection against the
small dagger foe.
used by ancient
monks
THE SLING
IN GENERAL Pocket with string Emblem of David who
for holding and became the king,
slinging stones
67
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
HERALDIC,
ENGLISH
THE BANNER
Usual fonn The Christian's vic-
tory over the flesh.
Triumph. Place.
Title. Lineage.
ARMOUR
"The whole Protection of God.
armour"
The Spurs Emblem of Knight-
hood.
Signifies courage. The Hehnet
THE SHIELD
1. When exhibit- Protection.
ing chevron or
band shaped
like a gable
2. The chief or Guardianship.
straight band
passing across
upper third of
shield
3. The fess or Patriotism.
band crossing
centre of shield
horizontally
4. The pale or Valor.
band crossing
shield in cen-
tre vertically
6. The bend or Knightly service.
band crossing
shield diag-
onally
6. The pile, sharp Tenacity.
pointed, wedge
shaped band
crossing shield
vertically
7. The bend sinis- Royal descent.
ter or band
crossing from
left handupper
comer of shield
to right hand
lower comer
GEMS
"HI say

white
'
or
'
purple
'
in any ordinary line of
poetry, they evoke emotions so exclusively that I cannot say
why they move me, but if I say them in the same mood, in
the same breath with such obviously intellectual symbols
as a cross or a crown of thorns, I thiii^ of purity and sover-
eignty.
W. B. Yeats.
THE SARD
EGYPTIAN One layer of the Blood of Isis. Stone of
onyx, usually August.
red
JADE
CHINESE A hard soapy. Emblem of the
sometimes
fi-
Emperor. Virtue.
brous stone
formed by the
drippings from
mountain lakes
in Turkestan
which are usu-
ally salt water.
Near rivers in
Burmah
THE HELIOTROPE
(See Bloodstone)
BABYLONIAN Usual form Divination. Sacred
stone of the gods.
Invulnerability.
EARLY
PERSIAN
THE JASPER
Crypto-crystalline
quartz
Stone of Mithra, god
of truth. Stone of
friendship.
EARLY
PERSIAN
GRECIAN
EAST INDIAN
THE SAPPHIRE
Blue corundum The sacred stone.
"
Stone of Apollo and
September.
"
Light of the gods.
Prosperity.
GEMS OF AARON'S BREAST PLATE
JUDEAN 1. Sardius, Topaz, Divination.
Carbuncle
2. Emerald, Sap-
phire, Dia-
mond
3. Ligure, Agate,
Amethyst
4. Beryl, Onyx,
Jasper
6. The Urim and
Thummim or
jewels of light
and perfection
(species un-
known)
GNOSTIC
THE ABRAXUS GEMS
Sard, Jasper, Sacred
Amethyst
gems of the
divine creatorknown
as "Abraxus," a
fabulous creature
with a man's body,
a lion or cock's head
and serpents for legs.
THE DIAMOND
IN GENERAL Pure carbon Sanctity. Perfection.
Fortitude.
Intelligence,
of Apnl.
Pride.
Stone
IN GENERAL
THE RUBY
Red corundum Divine zeal. Human
love. Stone of July.
THE EMERALD
IN GENERAL A green beryl The victorjr over the
flesh. Spring. Hope.
The stone of May.
THE SAPPHIRE
IN GENERAL Blue corundum Heavenly truth. Sin-
cerity. Stone of
September.
70
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
THE PEARL
The secretions of a Innocence. Purity,
bivalve covering Tears. Stone of St.
a g^rain of sand Margaret.
which has en-
tered the shell
THE TOPAZ
A heavy silicate, Fidelity. Fruitfulness.
mainly aliunina Stone of November.
of yellow hue
THE AMETHYST
A quartz of a violet Sympathy, Abnega-
blue color, prob- tion. Peace. Stone
ably caused by of February.
peroxide of iron
THE GARNET
A hard red crystal Deep aSection. Stone
of January.
THE CARBUNCLE
A precious garnet Martyrdom.
cut in rotmded
form
THE CRYSTAL
A symmetrical Simplicity. Truthful-
solid, usually ness.
transparent,
stone
THE TURQUOISE
IN GENERAL An opaque bluish Sincere aSection.
green stone Stone of December.
TURQUOISE MATRIX
IN GENERAL Or mother stone Sincere affection.
which contains Stone of December,
the gem
THE OPAL
IN GENERAL
An oxid of silicon. Ancient emblem of
in layers con- good luck. Stone of
taining water, October.
which takes on
prismatic hues
71
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
THE AGATE
A mottled opaque, Long life and health.
hard stone of Stone of June.
Taryiug shades
of browns, greys
and dull red
THE CAT'S EYE
"
A quartz with fi- Platonic affection.
br ous
sions"
inclu-
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
THE CARNELIAN
A chalcedony of Emblem of distinction.
deep, clear red.
Sometimes
mixed with
white
THE CHRYSOBERYL
Yellowish green or Emblem of patience.
emerald green
hard stone
THE BLOOD STONE OR HELIOTROPE
IN GENERAL A fibrous green Mourning. Stone of
stone streaked March. Sacred
with red, with a stone of Babylon-
kidney shaped ians.
surface
THE JASPER
A crypto-crystal- Pride. Wisdom.
line quartz Second sight.
THE CORAL
The skeleton of Signifies marriage,
a tiny animal Good fortune.
known as the
coral polp
LAPIS LAZULI
A massive oriental Nobility.
stone of rich
ultra-marine
blue
THE MOONSTONE
Afeldspar contain- Thoughtfulness.
ing reflected
lights of grey
and blue
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
72
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
INJGENERAL
THE ONYX
A stone in two Reciprocity,
layers of color
THE SARDONYX
Three layers of Conjugal fidelity.
color
THE LABRADORITE
Spar from Labra- Subtility. Hidden
dor beauty.
THE CHRYSOLITE
A silicate of mag- Unrequited love,
nesium and iron
of yellow hue
AMBER
The gum of extinct Tears of the Heliades,
pine trees who were turnedinto
trees which dropped
amber tears on the
Greek coast, where
the body of their
brother Phaeton was
washed ashore.
THE FOUNDATION STONES OF THE NEW
JERUSALEM
TheJasper, Sapphire,
Chalcedony, Em-
erald, Sardonyx,
Sardius, Chryso-
lite, Beryl, Topaz,
Chrysoprase,
Jacinth, Amethyst
78
FRUITS
"
It is by no means true that the ancient systems of
mythology have ceased to exist; they have only been diffused
and transformed."
Gubernatis.
The Rig Vega claims to be the oldest Bible in existence.
It is composed of hjrmns which passed from generation to
generation by word of mouth. The locality of tibe Garden of
Eden is claimed by East India.
THE POMEGRANATE
Country Symbol
EGYPTIAN Natural fonn
PERSIAN,
GRECIAN AND
ROMAN
Country
EGYPTIAN
BUDDHISTIC
PLANTS AND BLOSSOMS
"
I am a pure lotus, issue of the field of the sun."
Egyptian Book
of
the Dead
Budge.
"
If tfaou be bom in a poor man's hovel, but hast wisdom,
then thou art like the lotus flower growing out of the mud."
A Buddhist Precept.
THE LOTUS
As self-fructifying Emblem of Hapi, god
of the Nile. Em-
blem of Isis.
Natural or conven- Sacred standard of the
tionalform gods. Universal
Matrix or mother.
Emblem of Buddha,
as the enlightened,
and the "Jewel in
the Lotus."
THE PAPYRUS
EGYPTIAN When on sceptre Sacred standard of
youth, vigor and
learning.
HOMA AND SOMA PLANTS
PERSIAN AND The extracted Elixir of the gods, giv-
HINDU juice which is ing eternal life.
taken as a
beverage
CHINESE
JAPANESE
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
THE TREE PEONY
Natural or conven- Royal flower.
tional form
THE REED
Natural form
Emblem of dignity.
Learning.
PLUM BLOSSOMS
Natural or conven- Womanlypurity. Em-
tional form blem of winter.
CHERRY BLOSSOMS
JAPANESE Natural or conven- Womanly beauty.
tional form Emblem of spring.
76
Country
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
a
JAPANESE
JAPANESE
THE AZALEA
Natural form The garden beauty.
Flower of April.
THE WISTARIA
Natural form Vine of Happiness.
"Plant of a thou-
sand years."
THE PAULOWNIA
Natural form Emblem of the Em-
peror. Rectitude.
THE MAGNOLIA
Natural form Flower of May.
THE mis
When purple Signifies mourning.
When not purple The betrothal flower.
Emblem of June.
THE MORNING GLORY
Natural form Flower of July.
THE CHRYSANTHEMUM
Natural form The Imperial pride.
Flower of October.
THE TEA PLANT AND FLOWER
JAPANESE
Natural form Rank and riches,
THE ROSE
MOHAMMEDAN Natural form Emblem of Moham-
med's eyes. Flower
of Iran.
THE TULIP
MOHAMMEDAN
Natural form Ardent affection.
GRECIAN
ROMAN
PERSIAN
PERSIAN
THE VINE
Natural form
Emblem of Dionysus,
god of wine.
Emblem of Bacchus,
god of wine.
Joy
of living. Wisdom
of materiality.
CARNATION
Natural form Emblem of Persia.
77
THE ALMOND FLOWER
Country
THE EGLANTINE
Country
IN GENERAL Natural fonn Signifies poetry. Ele-
gance; "to the
manner bom."
THE HELIOTROPE
IN GENERAL Natixral fonn Devotion. Zeal.
Strength in sweet-
ness.
THE HIBISCirS
IN GENERAL Natural form Frailty. Conserva-
tiveness.
THE HYACINTH
IN GENERAL Natural form High estate. Pride.
Exclusiveness.
THE JONQUa
IN GENERAL Natural form Vanity. Imprudence.
Uncontrolled affec-
tion.
THE HYDRANGEA
IN GENERAL Natural form Coldness. Frigidity.
Massive beauty.
THE VIOLET
IN GENERAL Natural form Modesty. Sweetness.
Loyalty.
THE LILAC
IN GENERAL Natural form First emotions of love.
THE MAGNOLIA
IN GENERAL Natural form Dignity. Respecta-
bility.
THE MARGUERITE
IN GENERAL Natural form Preference in love.
THE SNOW DROP
IN GENERAL Natural form Purity of heart.
THE FORGET-ME-NOT
IN GENERAL Natural form True love.
THE IVY
IN GENERAL Natural form Longevity. Depend-
ence. Despondency.
79
THE CLEMATIS
IN GENERAL Natural fonn Gladness. Upward
flight.
THE BALSAM
IN GENERAL Natural form Thezealousbenefactor.
The Samaritan
flower.
ORANGE BLOSSOMS
IN GENERAL Natural form Fruitfulness. Exuber-
ance. Flower of the
bride.
THE MARIGOLD
IN GENERAL Natural form Emblem of the Virgin
as Mary's gold.
Worth.
THE CORN FLOWER
GERMAN Natural form National flower of
Prussia. Emblem
of Queen Louise.
THE SHAMROCK
IRISH Natural form National flower of
Ireland. Emblem
of St. Patrick. The
triad leaf.
THE THISTLE
SCOTCH Natural form Flower of Scotland.
Guardian of the race.
THE HEATHER
SCOTCH Natural form Flower of the Scottish
clans. Sympathy.
Allegiance.
THE EDELWEISS
SWISS Natural form Flower of the Alps.
Chastity.
THE GRAPE VINE
IN GENERAL Natural form Emblem of Jesus who
said, "I am the
vine."
80
THE WHEAT
IN GENERAL Natural form StafiE of life. Pros-
perity.
"
The ears of wheat Emblem of Ruth as
model of constancy.
"
Stack of wheat Body of Christ.
81
UNCLASSIFIED SYMBOLS
"
A symbol is either representative, indicates a thing
and makes you think of it, as a bunch of grapes over a house
door indicating wine, is called a public house sign; or it is
vicarious, as a five pound note stands for five sovereigns.
The bunch of grapes reminds you of the juice of the vine but
you can't drink it. The piece of paper passes vicariously
for five pieces of gold and you can spend it."
Rev. R. St. John Tyrwhitt.
THE SISTRUM
EGYPTIAN An instrument used Chastity.
by priestesses
during ritual,
shaped like a
half circle drawn
together at the
end and crossed
by loose bars of
metal which jingle
when shaken.
This is fastened to
a handle which is
shaped like the
Tau cross
JAPANESE Instrument used Virtue and piety.
by priestesses in
the Shinto ritu-
al. It has the
form of a wand
encircled by
small bells and
is shaken to at-
tract the atten-
tion of the gods.
THE HAND
JUDEAN
Natural form Might. Justice.
;
yThe
Almighty.
With first three Was, Is and IstoCome.
fingers extended
and thumb and
little finger
closed on the
palm
82
Country
BUDDHISTIC
THE HANDContinued
Symbol
One finger and
thumb touching
each other
MOHAMMEDAN UsuaUy held up-
right, fingers
and thumb ex-
tended
ROMAN Thumbs of Vestals
turned up
"
Thumbs of Vestals
turned down
CHINESE AND A many handed
JAPANESE
deity called
Ewaimon
Signification
Perfect action of
thought with his per-
fect plan.
Emblem of Moham-
med. Signifying
power .Of his
daughter, Fatima,
sigrufying prosperity
and long life.
Mercy to vanquished.
Death to vanquished.
(In the arena.)
Mercy. Contempla-
tion.
GRECIAN
JUDEAN
EGYPTIAN
CHINESE
JAPANESE
PHCENICIAN
IN GENERAL
EGYPTIAN
CHINESE
THE TRIPOD
Usual form Emblem of Delphic
Oracle. The three
mysteries.
THE ARK
Usual form
WATER
Nattual or hiero-
glyphic form
Water fall
Primary water fall
The secondary
water fall
THE VEIL
Usual form
Signifies the deluge.
Emblem of Noah.
The covenant of the
Jews with Jehovah.
The passive principle.
The Nile. Fertility.
The river Styx which
leads to Hades.
Signifies humility.
Signifies the masculine
principle.
Feminine principle.
Emblem of Tanit, god-
dess of beauty.
Dotted with stars Emblem of Night.
THE UMBRELLA
When held over Emblem of honorable
the head distinction.
When held over Protection of the
the head throne.
THE STAFF AITO ROD
Country
BUDDHISTIC
GRECIAN
BABYLONIAN
ROMAN
JAPANESE
EGYPTIAN
Symbol
With jingling rings
attached to a rod
and carried by
the pilgrims: to
disperse insects
and small ani-
mals without in-
juring them
Thyrsus or staff
twined with ivy
and tipped with
a pine cone
Hazelguidingrods
Wand tipped by a
globe which is
surmounted by
an eagle
Budded staS
Tokko or one
spoke of wheel
of the law
Signification
Kindness. Mercy.
Sceptre of Dionysus,
god of fertility.
Divination.
Emblem of Jove. The
Roman Legions.
Emblem of HeUespon-
tine Sibyl.
The irresistible power
of prayer.
Staff in the shape Sovereignty.
of a crook
"
The lotus sceptre Virility.
'
The papyrus Eternal youth,
sceptre
SCANDINAVIAN Staff with circle, The sun's rays.
used as sceptre vine light.
Di-
THE HAMMER
GRECIAN Usual form Emblemof Hephaestus,
the divine forger.
SCANDINAVIAN Whenshapedlike Emblem of Thor as
a Tau cross god of thunder and
Ughtning.
JAPANESE Usual form Daikoku as god of
wealth whichis taken
from the earth.
HINDU
ROMAN
THE CLUB
Usual form
When knotted
84
Emblem of Yama as
Judge of the Unseen.
Ssmibol of Hercules,
god of strength.
Country
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
THE CLUBContinued
Symbol
Signification
Club or mace with Divine office,
he'art shaped
headresembling
the sacred fun-
gus which grows
at the foot of
Buddha's tree
WHIP OR SCOURGE
EGYPTIAN Club or stick with Sovereignty by force.
lashes
"
The club shapedas Emblem of guardian
a flail diety of agriculture.
THE BOOK
GRECIAN AND When sealed Chastity.
ROMAN
GRECIAN AND Either closed or Emblem of Cumaean
ROMAN open Sibyl who prophe-
sied and wrote the
laws of civil and
religious Rome.
EGYPTIAN
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
THE BALL
Usual form Emblem of the sun
and the moon.
The omnipotent pearl
of wisdom or Hoshu-
no-tama.
THE FAN
JAPANESE War fan Signal ensign.
*
Tea ceremony fan The charm of sii
of three sticks plicity.
THE BUCKET, BAG OR BASKET
EGYPTIAN Which holds sane- Divine refreshment.
tified water for
the tree of life
and the souls of
EARTH AND WATER
PERSIAN When used to- Subjection to the
gether as offer- crown.
ings
86
Country
TEUTONIC
JAPANESE
THE RING
Usual fonu Emblem of promise.
Emblem of the
Rhine daughters of
the Nibelungenlied.
THE GOHEI
Paper strips repre- The fruit of the loom,
sentiug cloth Sacred oflEering to
Shinto gods.
PH(ENICIAN
JAPANESE
GRECIAN AND
ROMAN
EGYPTIAN
AND
GRECIAN
EAST INDIAN
EGYPTIAN
PERSIAN
JAPANESE
GRECIAN
SCANDINAVIAN
IN GENERAL
TEUTONIC
THFllIRROR
Usual form Emblem of Istar, god-
dess of beauty.
When in a Shinto Emblem of Amaterasu
temple as leading goddess
of the Shinto faith,
signifying truth.
Usual form Emblem of truth.
THE FEET
A winged foot Emblem of Serapis, the
crustog a but- Greek deity, which
terfly
Footprints show-
ing triscula or
swastica
FIRE
In the abstract
was the Egyptian
bull Apis, wor-
shipped after his
death, in Greece.
Emblem of Buddha's
pilgrimage and ser-
vice.
The active principle.
Life of the soul.
Emblem of Fudo, as
signifying fire of
wisdom.
Symbol of Prometheus,
who stole celestial
fire and gave it to
manldnd.
Residence of Muspel,
genius of fire.
CIRCLE OF FIRE
Usual form Inviolability. Chas-
tity. Magic.
"
Symbol of Brunhilde.
Country
GRECIAN AND
ROMAN
THE PIPES
Symbol
Usual form
ANCIENT
The bagpipes
SCOTCH AND
CELTS
Signification
Emblem of woodland
deities, who evoked
the harmony of
Nature. Symbol of
Pan.
The voice of the clans.
THE CUP OR BEAKER
EGYPTIAN
AND
ASSYRIAN
THE TOMB OR TOMB STONE
Country
ANCIENT
TRIBES
JAPANESE
EGYPTIAN
GRECIAN
Usual form Residence of the dead.
Finger post of the
soul.
Sotoba or tomb The five elements:
stone of the ether, air, fire,
Fujiwara dan water, earth.
THE VASE
Three large vases Signifies the Nile river.
Amphoraorvaseof Blessing of wine or
two handles grain.
Hydiia, a pitcher Blessing of water.
vase
THE EYE
EGYPTIAN One eye Emblem of Osiris, the
sun god.
*
Two eyes, one Emblem of Horus as
black, the other the night and day
white and the perfect
grain.
ASSYRIAN Natural form Emblem of the sun
and moon.
ORIENTAL
THE DEW
Usual form
SCANDINAVIAN The honey dew
BURMESE
CHINESE AND
JAPANESE
Emblem of delicacy.
Fragility.
Emblem of goddess
Servitur, who drops
honey from Yggdra-
sil or tree of life
upon those deserv-
ing benefaction.
THE BELL
Temple wind bells Music of the gods.
Evening temple Prayers to the gods.
beUs
THE COMB
PICTISH Usual form The sun's rays. Em-
blem of Venus.
EGYPTIAN
THE SAIL
Usual form The breath.
88
Country
JUDEAN
EGYPTIAN
IN GENERAL
GRECIAN
JAPANESE
THE LADDER
Symbol
Signification
Usual form
Emblem of Jacob.
"
Emblem of Set who
climbs to Heaven's
palace.
THE LOOM
Usual fonn Industry.
"
Emblem of Penelope
the faithful.
RICE BALES
Usual fonn Emblem of Daikoku,
god of wealth and
THE BOAT
EGYPTIAN Usual fonn Signifies bark of the
sun. Bark of Charon
the boatman who
takes souls across the
river Styx to Hades.
Bark of the Elysian
Fields.
THE HORN
On head of Moses Truth and Justice.
Onhead ofBel, the Material strength.
chief god
GRECIAN Usual form
JUDEAN
BABYLONIAN
SCANDINAVIAN
Emblem of Bacchus.
Alexander the Great
called the "Two
horned power."
Hospitality. Measure
of joy.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
JUDEAN
The harp Contemplation. Sym-
bol of David, who
charmed the king.
National instrument
of poetic song.
The Lyre Harmony of the gods.
"
The constellation Vega
the lyre.
The lute Emblem of Nefer-
Hetep^lord of joy.
Emblem of the Trou-
badour.
GRECIAN
EGYPTIAN
HEBREW
EGYPTIAN
EARLY
FRENCH
AND SPANISH
Country
CHINESE
PERSIAN
JUDEAN
EGYPTIAN
CHINESE
THE CLOUD
Cloud banks Immortality.
Rising smoke
Joys of the weed.
Retrospection.
Frankincense Emblem of race of
clouds Japhet.
Myrrh clouds Sacred to race of Ham.
THE APRON
Usual form Royalty.
THE PADLOCK
When worn as an Long life.
amulet
Prosperity.
90
UNCLASSIFIED OBJECTS
"
By outward forms early Christians were inspired with
feelings of devotion and love and in the absence of books,
derived from them their chief knowledge of sacred things.
To the tmleamed, they spoke a clear and inteUigible language
:
that they were full of meaning and poetry, no one who will
endeavor to interpret them can doubt."
Louisa Twining.
THE STAFF AND ROD
Country
IN GENERAL
Symbol
Pastoral staff
(Crozier)
With gourd
Usual form
Signification
Religious jurisdiction.
Signifies the Archangel
Raphael as a pol-
grim.
Emblem of old age.
Represented by The staff of Ufe.
bread
With leaves and Symbol of St. Christo-
dates
The rod
Flowering rod
pher, patron of
travelers.
Symbol of the Creator
who comforts.
Symbol of Aaron, the
priest, and Joseph,
the successful suitor.
IN
GENERAL
THE HAND
When in clouds
When
lightning bolts
or emitting rays
of Ught
Usual form
With first two fin-
gers and thumb
extended and
third and fourth
closed on palm
91
The first Person of the
Trinity.
holding The first Person of the
Trinity.
Emblem of the Tiber-
tine Sibyl.
The Trinity.
THE HEART
IN GENERAL Natural or conven- Piety, Love,
tional form
"
When pierced by Charity.
THE ANCHOR
IN GENERAL Usual form Hope. Emblem of St.
Nicholas, patron of
Russia.
THE SCALES
IN GENERAL Usual form Justice. Symbol of
St. Michael as Cap-
tain of the Heavenly
Hosts.
THE CENSER
IN GENERAL When burning Piety before men.
EMBLEMS OF THE PASSION
IN GENERAL Cross, nails, The Crucifixion,
thorns, hammer,
reed, scourge,
purse and dice
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
WINGS
Bat's wings
When spread
Usual form
Emblem of Lucifer.
Aspiration. Trans-
lation.
Protection. Ambition.
Astronomy. Night.
THE HAIR
When flowing Symbol of Mary Mag-
dalen as the peni-
tent.
Whencoveringlike Symbol of St. Agnes,
a garment who, when perse-
cuted, prayed for
clothing. The glory
of a woman.
WATER
In a font <-.
-it i
The Jordan river
Signifies baptism.
When gushing Emblem of Moses.
from a rock
92
Country
IN GENERAL
THE WEB
Symbol
Usual form
Signification
Destiny. Energy. In-
dustry of the Chris-
tian at work about
his Father'sbusiness.
THE UMBRELLA
ITALIAN Whenheldoverthe Honor,
head of a digni-
tary
Position.
THE SNOOD
ANCIENT A band of cloth, Signifies virginity.
SCOTCH ribbon or metal,
/
entirely circling
the head
THE SHELL
IN GENERAL Usual form Pilgrimage. Emblem
of St. James the
elder.
THE SHIP
IN GENERAL When held in the Signifies the Church,
hand
"
Usual form The greyhound of the
sea.
IN GENERAL
THE RIVER
Usual form Signifies life.
IN GENERAL
THE KNIFE
Sacrificial knife Symbol of Zadkiel,
who stayed the hand
of Abraham. Em-
blem of St. Bar-
tholomew, the in-
strument of his
martyrdom.
THE GRIDIRON
IN GENERAL Usual form Emblem of St. Law-
rence, the instru-
ment of his martyr-
dom.
93
Country
IN GENERAL
THE RING
Whenheld in hand Symbol of St. Cather-
of representa- ine in her mystical
tions of the marriage with
Christ Child Christ.
"
Usual form The symbol of mar-
riage.
SKULL AND CROSS BONES
IN GENERAL Usual form Brevity of human life.
THE ORGAN
IN GENERAL Usual form Symbol of St. Cecelia,
legendary inventor
of the organ.
THE CORNUCOPU
Usual form Abundance. The har-
vest.
THE CUP
When covered The Eucharist.
with a wafer
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
Cup with serpent
Shedding rays of
light
Usual form
IN GENERAL
Symbol of St. John,
indicating immunity
from poison.
The Holy Grail or cup
containing the blood
of Christ, caught at
the Crucifixion, by
Joseph of Arima-
thaea.
Symbol of St. Bene-
dict. St. Donato.
Bitterness. Sorrow.
Joy.
Happiness.
With handles to Brotherly love,
pass from hand
to hand, known
as
"
The loving
cup
"
THE HORN
Usual form Emblem of Roland,
the Paladin of
Ch a rlemagne
.
Plenty.
The left hand cor- The gospel horn,
ner of the front
of an altar
94
Country
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
HERALDIC,
ENGLISH
HERALDIC,
ENGLISH
HERALDIC
,
ENGLISH
THE HORNContinued
Therighthandcor- The epistle horn.
ner of the front
of an altar.
"
The little end of Loss. Grief.
the horn
"
THE BEE HIVE
Usual form Symbol of St. Bernard
and St. Ambrose.
Industry. System.
THE GARMENT
Mantle or cloak Charity.
When dividing Symbol of St. Martin.
with a beggar
MONASTIC HABITS
Black cassock and Order of the Jesuits.
square cap
White habit, black Order of the Domini-
mantle with cans.
hood
Dark brown habit, Order of the Carmel-
white mantle ites.
Brown or gray Order of the Francis-
habit, fastened cans.
about waist with
a knotted rope
THE APRON
Usual form Service. Masonic em-
blemof ancient craft.
THE FACE
Face or head ofanEmblem of St.
angel or cherub Matthew, whowrote
the genealogy of
Christ.
FUR
Ermine Emblem of royalty.
Pean or black and Honour.
yellow furs,
mixed
Ermine Honour.
Vair or blue and Honour,
white furs,
mixed
95
THE NAPKIN
IN GENERAL When showing Emblem of St. Veron-
portrait of Jesus ica, who wiped the
perspiration from
the Saviour's face,
when He was carry-
ing the cross.
(Legendary.)
THE BOX OR VASE OR DISH
IN GENERAL When of alabaster Emblem of Mary
Magdalen.
"
Dish holding eyes Emblem of Santa
Lucia, who removed
her eyes and sent
them to a presump-
tuous suitor.
(Legendary.)
IN GENERAL
TIME
The hour glass
The scythe
The sun dial
Measuring of time.
The instrument of
time.
Nature's clock.
THE CRADLE
IN GENERAL Usual form Emblem of Nativity.
The Samian_ Sibyl,
who prophesied the
Nativity.
THE KEY
IN GENERAL Keys held in the Symbol of St. Peter as
hand holding keys of
heaven.
"
When at girdle St. Martha the house-
keeper.
THE TABLET
IN GENERAL When of stone Signifies the Ten Com-
mandments.
"
When connected Signifies geometry.
with compass
and square
THE HAMMER AND CHISEL
IN GENERAL Usual form Signifies sculpture and
the crafts.
96
PALETTE AND BRUSHES
Coutttry
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
a
ENGLISH
IN GENERAL
Symbol
Usual form
SCROLL
With pencil or quill
pen
Scroll with harp
THE BELL
Usual form
The vesper bell
The passing bell
Curfew bell
THE ROCK
Usual form
THE BALL
Usual form
Three balls
Balls
Signification
Signifies painting.
Signifies literature.
Signifies music.
The preacher.
Evening prayer.
Dissolution. Tolling
years.
Forced retirement.
Emblem
Truth.
of Peter.
THE GLOBE
Usual form
With cross
Globe with dove
THE BOOK
When closed
When open
With roll
Emblem of St. Nicho-
las.
Emblem of pawn
broker.
Cognizance of the
Medici banking
house of Tuscany.
Rhetoric.
Emblem of church and
state. Dominion.
Ruler by divine right.
Knowledge.
Perfect Imowledge.
Emblem of Uriel as
light of knowledge.
97
INDEX
Classified Objects
CHAPTERS
1. Trees 1
2. Light 6
3. C!olor 10
4. Numbers 14
5. Animals 20
6. Fish 26
7. Bttds 28
8. Insects 33
9. Serpents 35
10. Fabulous Creatiu-es 37
11. Angelic Personages 40
CHAPTEBS
12. Halo 43
13. Cross 46
14. Demons 53
15. Geometrical Forms 56
16. Architectural Forms 61
17. Military Emblems 66
18. Gems 69
19. Fruits 74
20. Plants and Blossoms 76
21. Unclassified Objects. . . 82-91
GENERAL INDEX
A. Acacia 1-5
Adder 36
Agate 72
Alcyone 8
Almond Flower 78
Amber 73
Amethyst 71
Anchor 27-92
Andro-Sphinx 38
Angels Bearing Sceptres . . 41
Angels Bearing Trumpets. 41
Angels Bearing Musical
Instruments 41
Angels Bearing Censers. . . 42
Angels Belted 42
Angels Without Sandals . . 42
Angels in a Circle En-
closed 42
Ant 34
Ape 25
Apple 4-74-75
Apron 90-95
Arch 62-64
Archangels 40
Archbishop's Cross 48
Ark 83
Armour 66-68
Arrow 66-67
Ash 1-3
Asp 36
Aspen.
Ass
Ax....
5
25
66
B. Ball 85-97
Balsam 80
Bamboo 4
Banner 68
Bat 33
Bat's Wings 92
Bear 21
Bee 34
Bee Hive 95
Beetle 33
Bell 88-97
Bema 65
Black 10-11-12-13
Bloodstone 72
Blue 10-11-12-13
Boat 89
Bddhisattvas 40
Book 85-97
Box 96
Bridges 63
Bright Yellow 12
Brushes 97
Bucket 85
BuU 21
Butterfly 86
98
C. Calendar Tree 2
Calf
24
Camel
23
Candle
8
Carnation 77
Camelian 72
Carbuncle 71
Carp 26
Cat 21-24
Cat's Eye 72
Cedar 3-4
Ceilings 63
Celtic Cross 50
Censer 92
Centaur
38
Chain
.
'. 57
Cherry Blossoms 76
Chameleon 34
Cherubim 41
Chisel 96
Chorus 65
Chrysanthemum 77
Chrysoberyl 72
Chrysolite 73
Circle 56-59-86
Clematis 80
Cloak 95
Cloud 90
Club 84
Cobra 35
Cock 29-32
Cold Colors 11
Colimm 61-64
Coluber 35
Comb 88
Coral 72
Corinthian Column 61
Cormorant 29
Com Flower 80
Cornucopia 94
Corona 45
Crab 27
Cradle 96
Crescent 56
Crested Helmet 66
Crocodile 36
Cross
46
Cross Batonn6 49
Cross Fleur6 50
Cross Pomm6 50
Cross Potent 50
Cross of Constantine 52
Crown 43-45
Crown of Roses 78
Crozier 91
Crusader's Cross 49
Crux Ansata 47
Crystal 71
Cuckoo 30
Cup
87-94
Cuttle Fish 26
Cypress
1-2
D. Dagger 67
Dawn 7
Decagon 59
Deer 22-25
Demons 53
Dew 88
Diamond 70
Dodecagon 60
Dog 21
Dolmen 61
Dolphin 26
Dome 62-64
Door 64
Doric Column 61
Dove 30-31
Dragon 8-37-39
Duck 30
Dull YeUow 12
E. Eagle 28-31
Earth and Water 85
Edelweiss 80
Egg 87
Eglantine 79
Eight 16
Elephant 22
Emerald 70
Endless Knots 59
Enlacements 59
Eye 88
Evil Genii 53
F. Fan 85
Faims 54
Fifty-three 17
Fig 4
Fire 8-86
Fire-flies 34
Fish with Key in Mouth.. 27
99
Five 15-18
Five Trees of Indra 1
Flail 85
Fleur de lis 78
Fly 34
Footprints 86
Forget-me-not 79
Forty 19
Four 15-18
Fox 21-24
Fret 57
Fur 95
G. Gargoyle 65
Garland 45
Garnet 71
Gate 62-64
Gem Bearing Trees of
Paradise 2
Gemini 7
Genii 40-53
Geranium 78
Gingko 2
Globe 97
Gnat 34
Goat 21-25
Gohei 86
Gold 10-12
Good Genii 40
Goose 20
Grapes 76
Grape Vine 80
Greek Cross 47-49
Green 10-11-12-13
Gridiron 93
GriflSn. 38
H. Hair 92
Halo 43-^4
Hammer 84-96
Hand 82-91
Hare 23
Harp 89
Harpy 38
Hawk 29
Heart 92
Heather 80
Heliotrope Flower 79
Heliotrope Gem 69-72
Helmet 66-67-68
Heptagon 58-59
59
Hibiscus 79
Holly 5
Honey Dew 88
Horn
89-94
Horse 22-24
Hour Glass 96
Houri 40
Hyacinth 79
Hyades 8
Hydrangea 79
I. Ibis 21
Icho or Gingko Tree 2
Ionic Colimin 61
Iris 77-78
Ivy 79
J. Jade 69
Jasper 69-72
Javelins 66
Jerusalem Cross 50
Jonquil 79
K. Keys 96
Keys at Girdle 96
Key of Life 47
Knife 93
Knots 59
L. Labyrinth 57
Ladder 89
Lamb 24
Lamb Skin or the Golden
Fleece 23
Lamps 9
Lance 66-67
Lanterns 8
Lapis Lazuh 72
Latin Cross 48
Laurel 4
Leopard 21
Lilac 79
Lily 78
Lion 20-23
Locust 33
Loom 89
Lotus 76
Lute 89
Lyre 89
100
M. Magnolia 77-79
Maple
5
Maltese Cross 49
Mantle 95
Marguerite 79
Marigold 80
Mask 87
Meander 57
Medusa 14r-53
Menhir 61
Milky Way 8
Mirror 86
Mitre 45
Monastic Dress 95
Monkey 23
Monograms 52
Moonstone 72
Moon 7-9
Morning Glory 77
Myirh 2-90
N. Napkin 96
Narcissus 78
Narthex 65
Nightingale 32
Nimbus 44
Nine 16-18
Nornies 40
Nymphs 54
O. Oak 3-t
Octagon 58-59
Ogee 57
Olive 3
Olive Branch (dove with) . 31
Omphalos 62
Onyx 73
Opal 71
Orange
11-13
Orange Blossoms 80
Organ 94
Orion 7
Owl 30
Ox 24
P. Padlock 90
Palette 97
Pahn
1-2-4
Papyrus 76
Papal Cross 48
Partridge 32
Paulowina 77
Pavement 62
Peach 74-75
Pear 75
Peari 71
Pectoral Cross 51
Pentagon 58
Phoenix 28
Pig 23
Pillar
.
61
Pine
1-2
Pine Cones 84
Pipes 87
Pippala 4
Plane 3
Planetary Colors 11
Pleiades 8
Plum 4
Plum Blossoms 76
Pomegranate 3-75
Poplar 4
Poppy 78
Purple
10-11-12
Pyramid 64
Q.
Quince 74
R. Rainbow
8-9
Rakan 40
Ram 23
Rat 21
Raven
30-31
Rectangle 58
Red
10-11-12-13
Red Cross 47
Red Path 11
Red Rose 78
RedTai 26
Reed 76
ReUquary Cross 51
Residence Tree 1
Rice Bales 89
Ring
86-94
River 93
Rod
84-91
Rood Cross SI
Roof
63
Rose
77-78
Ruby
70
S. Sail
88
Salamander
36
101
Sapphire 69-70
Sard 69
Sardonyic 73
Satyrs 54
Scales 92
Scarlet 12
Scarab 33
Scorpion 33
Scourge 85
Scroll 97
Scythe 96
Sea'Horse 26
Sea Dog 26
Sea Lion 26
Seraphim 41
Serpent 35
Seven 15-18
Shamrock 80
Sheep 23
SheU 93
Ship 93
Shield 68
Sickles 14
Single Column 61
Siren 38
Sistrum 82
Six 18
Sixteen 17
Skull and Crossbones 94
Slavonic Cross 49
Sling 67
Snails 34
Snood 93
Snowdrop 79
Sotoba 88
Sparrow 32
Spear 14r-66-67
Sphinx 38
Spider 34
Spurs 68
Square 57-59
Stack of Wheat 81
Staff 84r-91
Stag 25
Star in Circle 7
Stars 7-9
Steeple 64
Steps 15-63-65
Stork 29-32
Sun 6-9
Swallow 31
Swan 30-32
Swastica 46-86
Sword 66-67
Sycamore 1-2
T. Tablet 96
Tai 26
Taper 8
Tamarisk 1
Tau 46
Tea Plant 77
Ten 17
Thistle 80
Thom 1
Three 14^17
Thrush 32
Tiger
20-24'
. Tokko 84
Topaz 71
Torch 8-9
Torii 30-62
Tortoise 27
Tower 64
Tree of Life 1-5
Tree of Jesse 5
Tree Peony 76
Triad, Theban 14
"
Memphian 14
"
Heliopolian 14
"
Hindu 14
"
Buddhistic 14
"
Scandinavian 14
Triangle 57
Trident 14-15
Trinacria 14
Tripod 83
Triskele 14
Triscula 14-86
Tulip 77
Turquoise 71
Turtle Doves 30-31
Twelve 17-19
Twenty-four 17-19
Twin Fish 26
Two 17
Typhon 53
U. UmbreUa 83-93
Universe Tree 1
Unicom. 38-39
102
V. Valkyria 40
Vase 88-96
Vedic Asparis 40
Veil 83
Vine 77
Violet (Flower) 12-79
Vulture 29
W. Wall 63
Warm Colors 11
Water 83-92
Web 93
Whale 27
Wheat Ears 78-81
Wheel
'... 56-60
Whip 85
White
10-11-12-13
White Elephant 22
White Rose 78
Willow 2-t
Wild Geese Flying. 29
Wmgs. r 92
Winged Foot 86
Wishing Thorn 1
Wistaria 77
Witch of Endor 55
Wolf 22-24
Wood Pecker 29
Wren 32
Wreath 44
Y. Yellow
11-12
Z. Zig-zag 57
103

A Glossary of Important Symbols in The Hebrew Pagan and Christian Forms Hall A S

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A Glossary of Important Symbols in The Hebrew Pagan and Christian Forms Hall A S

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ALBERT R.

^W. H. Goodyear, M.A.

^Joseph Edkins, D.D.

Holly Holy tree. Emblemof

King Arthur, Char-

Alexander Wilder, M.D.

I. H. S. Initials of Monogram of the Sav-

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