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Well Test Analysis
Well Models
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Well models
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Line Source Solution (Theis)
0.000264
k t
c
t
r
w
2
p
D
=
kh
141 .2qB
p
t
D =
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Wellbore Storage and Skin
C =
qB
24m
t
D
= 0.000264
kt
c
t
r
w
2
p
D
=
kh
141.2qB
p C
D
=
0.8937 C
c
t
hr
w
2
S
Specialized plot : p vs t
Unit slope
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Changing Wellbore Storage
Increasing wellbore storage
Initial WBS
Final WBS
If wellbore fluid changes from liquid to gas, compressibility
increasesand wellbore storage increases
Unit slope
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Changing Wellbore Storage
Decreasing wellbore storage
Initial WBS
Final WBS
In tight gas wells, the compressibility decreases with the pressure
build-up, and wellbore storage decreases.
Unit slope
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Fractures
Impermeable
Boundaries
Single Vertical Fracture intersecting the wellbore
Wellbore
x
f
In low permeability reservoirs a frac job
may improve the flow into the wellbore
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High Conductivity Fractures
Infinite Conductivity -
No Pressure Drop along
the fracture
Uniform Flux -
Uniform Production per
unit length of fracture
X
f
Infinite Conductivity and Uniform Flux Vertical Fracture
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Infinite Conductivity and
Uniform Flux Vertical Fracture
Specialized Analysis :
Early Time Linear Flow
p
D
=
kh
141 .2 qB
p C
D
=
0.8937 C
c
t
hX
f
2 S
X
f
=
4.064 qB
mh

kc
t
2000 ft fracture
t
k t
c X
Df
t f
= 0000264
2
.

unit slope
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Infinite Conductivity and
Uniform Flux Vertical Fracture
Specialized Analysis :
Early Time Linear Flow
p
D
=
kh
141 .2 qB
p C
D
=
0.8937 C
c
t
hX
f
2 S
X
f
=
4.064 qB
mh

kc
t
200 ft fracture
t
k t
c X
Df
t f
= 0000264
2
.

unit slope
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Finite Conductivity
Vertical Fracture
The flow inside the fracture is no longer neglected,
and at early time we may observe a bilinear flow
k
f
; w
k ; x
f
The ratio k
f
.w/k.x
f
characterizes the bilinear flow
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Finite Conductivity
Vertical Fracture
When the fracture effect dominates
we may observe linear flow
k ; x
f
This linear flow is later dominated by radial flow
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Finite Conductivity
Vertical Fracture
Model # 1 Wellbore storage constant C =0
Model # 2 Wellbore storage constant C =0.001
unit slope
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Finite Conductivity
Vertical Fracture
Model # 2 low fracture conductivity k
f
w = 98000 md ft ~ unit slope
Model # 1 high fracture conductivity k
f
w = 1000000 md ft ~ unit slope
unit slope
~ unit slope
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Limited Entry
Spherical or hemi-spherical Flow : p proportional to
1
t
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Partially Penetrating Well
Specialized Analysis
p vs 1/sqrt(t )
Dimensionless Leading Parameters as per Homogeneous Model
plus Anisotropy, Total Vertical Drainage, Perforated Interval and Placement
m = 2452 .91
qB c
t
k
r
k
z
unit slope
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Horizontal Well
Dimensionless Leading Parameters as per Homogeneous Model
plus Anisotropy, Total Vertical Drainage, Horizontal contribution and Placement
kh
Early
= h
w
k
z
k
r
Early Time Radial Flow
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Horizontal Well
Intermediate Linear flow
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Horizontal Well
kh
Late
= k
r
h
Late Time Radial Flow
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Horizontal Well
Horizontal well pressure behaviour
Sealing upper and lower
boundaries
Constant pressure upper
or lower boundaries
unit slope
unit slope
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Fractured horizontal well
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Horizontal Well with anisotropy
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Slanted Well
Three models :
-fully or partially penetrating
-at any angle
-in infinite or closed reservoir
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Slanted Well
in a Closed Rectangle