INDEPENDENT TASK

COMMUNICATION AGRIBISNIS
AGRICULTURE IN INDONESIA AND THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS IN
FARMERS WELFARE
Oleh :
Nama : Binti Saadah
NIM : 11!"!1!11111#!
Kela$ : %&A'(i)i$ni$
PROGRAM STUDI AGRIBISNIS
*AKU+TAS PERTANIAN
UNI,ERSITAS BRA-I.A/A
MA+ANG
#!10
AGRICU+TURE IN INDONESIA AND T%E RO+E O* INSTITUTIONS IN
*ARMERS -E+*ARE
By: Binti Saadah
115040101111120
Agriculture is one sector which is very important for ndonesia! "his is #ecause the
ma$ority of the ndonesian population living and wor%ing in the agricultural sector& #oth
as farmers 'small farmers and large farmers(& as a la#orer& as well as the processing of
agricultural products! ndonesia is a country with a#undant of natural resources& this is
due to ndonesia)s geographical location #etween two continents 'Asia and Australia( and
two oceans 'ndian *cean and the +acific(!
Agriculture in ndonesia has a very significant role& #ecause agriculture in ndonesia not
only acts as a sustainer of life of the people& #ut also affected the sta#ility of the national
economy! Agriculture in ndonesia isnt only as a place to produce food& #ut also a place
of employment& especially small rural communities!
Agriculture is a comple, system& in which there are many issues that affect the
ndonesian economy system! n addition #ecause the ma$ority of ndonesian people who
depend on the sector& the agricultural sector is also one of the main foreign e,change
earner country! A wide range of e,isting pro#lems in the agricultural sector& ndonesia&
among others:
-ot to create a fair system in agricultural land use 'ownership vs #usinessman(! n
this case the economic scale effort& still a lot of vacant land& and the conversion of
agricultural land ownership is unclear! "hough there are laws governing agrarian
land ownership& where a person can only have a certain amount of land to the
place of his residence in the areas! But in reality many people from outside the
region to master an area of land or a land with thousands of hectares in other
areas! .or e,ample in the area of Batu& there are thousands of acres of land with
an area of his property& #ut the status is owned #y citi/ens of Sura#aya or 0a%arta&
in fact rarely the vast land to land #ecause of sleep is not processed #y the owner!
1apital resources ndonesian agriculture is still wea%& where the e,change rate of
ndonesian agricultural products is low& the ris% is high and profits low!
1onversion of productive land to industry due to the implementation of the policy
is not optimal mapping of agro commodities related to land!
2ea% peasant mentality pro#lem in the fight for their rights and wea% of
entrepreneurship!
3ess s%illed farmers& cultivating technical mastery limitations on certain
commodities& agri#usiness lac% of orientation& lac% of control of post4harvest
processing& and lac% of a#ility to access the mar%et!
.armers lac% capital& the #an%ing system is less concerned with farmers&
agricultural insurance and there is no system of de#t #ondage!
n mar%eting& the price received #y farmers is not fair& volatile& dependent traders
and middlemen& to the detriment! 5astery of information and access to mar%ets
are wea%& the mar%eting chain length and unfair distri#ution margins
Awareness of farmers in a wea% organi/ation& some organi/ations that there is less
wor%& and less independent!
6arious issues a#ove should #e ta%en seriously #y the government! f it #e overloo%ed&
the national economy will #e sha%en and communities #ecome increasingly difficult to
achieveth the apportionment! 7ntil now& agriculture is still su#ordinated to the
government& so that li%e the a#ove employed several %inds of pro#lems arise& such as
changes in agricultural commodity prices!
1hanges in the price of some types of ma$or food commodities such as rice& corn& and
soy#ean can changes in the national economy! 1oncrete e,amples some time ago is
s%yroc%eting national soy#ean prices caused some tofu and fermented soy#ean ca%e had
rallies& even some of them have gone out of #usiness #ecause is una#le to reach the
soy#ean price is overvalued! Similarly with tofu and fermented soy#ean ca%e are difficult
to reach soy#ean prices& soy#ean farmers are not a#le to produce soy hindered #y erratic
weather which caused some farmers to crop failure& not to mention the local farmers
could not compete with imported soy#eans are cheaper and si/e greater than the local
soy#ean& soy#ean farmers ndonesian thus lost! ndonesia)s soy#ean farmers here do not
have the strength to compete with imported products due to ndonesian farmers are not
informed a#out the condition of the national mar%et& where ndonesian farmers
sometimes actually harmed #y the low price of soy production sales when sold to
middlemen or wholesalers! "his is where the role of institutions #oth government
agencies neither private organi/ations is needed to help ndonesian farmers to manage
and mar%et their crops!
nstitutional farming is the norm or customs structured and patterned and practicing on
continuously to fulfill the needs of community mem#ers that are closely related to the
livelihood of agriculture in the countryside! n the community life of farmers& farmers)
position and institutional functions are part of social institutions that facilitate social
interaction or social interplay in a community! .armer organi/ation also has a strategic
point 'entry point( in mo#ili/ing rural agri#usiness system! .or that all availa#le
resources should #e directed at the rural 8 prioriti/ed in order to improve the
professionalism and the #argaining position of farmers 'farmer groups(! 1urrently
portraits of farmers and farmer institutions in ndonesia are still not recogni/ed as
e,pected 'Suradisastra& 2009(!
1
"he role of the institution is very significant& #ecause the activities of these #odies should
#e a#le to ma%e people self4sufficient and not rely on the government or even outsiders!
nstitutions must #e a#le to perform a variety of activities that actually re:uired #y the
pu#lic so that activities performed actually implemented& usa#le and useful to society!
nappropriate policy in managing the country)s economy will lead to misery for the
people! n the case of soy#eans a#ove& when the government imposed a policy of
importing soy#eans from a#road to meet domestic needs& the people of ndonesia who is
a soy#ean farmer will lose money #ecause they can not compete with imported soy#eans!
;owever& if the government does not enforce the policy& it will #e a lot of tofu artisans
and entrepreneurs who will #e out of #usiness! "herefore& a role institution as a container
that can help farmers to compete with imported products!
1
2edy -asrul! 2012! PENGEMBANGAN KELEMBAGAAN PERTANIAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN
KAPASITAS PETANI TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN!
http:88www!ums#!ac!id8files8185<-A=A8wedy2>!pdf! ?ia%ses tanggal 15 -ovem#er 201@
n performing its role& in addition to ma%ing various programs or activities for the
community& government agencies also must prepare for the type of communication media
that is really effective& so that people can receive the information su#mitted #y the agency
in the a#sence of re$ection or aversion that caused the failure of the process of delivering
information! "hus& people can accept and carry out activities that have #een prepared
voluntarily without any coercion from the local government!
"he role of institutions& in this case for e,ample the nstitute for 1ommunity
<mpowerment '3+5(& really needed to address the various pro#lems that e,ist in the
agricultural sector in ndonesia! 1all it the pro#lem of agricultural cultivation!
Agricultural products in the country are generally not a#le to compete with imported
products #ecause most of the agriculture in ndonesia is still doing that ma,imi/e the
input of agricultural e,tension in the form of inorganic fertili/ers and pesticides that are
harmful to health& #oth human health and the environment!
"he role of community development here& to #e a#le to provide a solution that is
accepta#le to the community! "he use of artificial pesticides and inorganic fertili/ers is
not healthy& #ut that does not necessarily mean the government #anned its use! "his is
#ecause many people who have an interest in the #usiness of pesticides and inorganic
fertili/ers& and farmers will lay #al%ed when government agencies do so! n contrast& the
role of government agencies is to provide solutions& how to order farmers to produce
agricultural products are healthy #y reducing the intensity of the use of pesticides and
inorganic fertili/ers!
"he solution offered is to organic farming! Aovernment agencies& such as the 3+5 can
offer assistance in the manufacture of organic fertili/ers and pesticides& which are
necessary ingredients derived from nature a#out the farmers themselves& there#y reducing
production costs! 2or% together with the community and government to the agricultural
activities& without any patroni/ing element of one of the parties! Because in society
empowerment& neither party %nows #etter #ut all e:ually learned& farmers learned to grow
good and true& in this case healthy and a#le to compete with the mar%et! 2hile the
government learn to apply the methods of empowerment needed for a#le to #e accepted
and successful social welfare! 2ith the overall welfare of the people of a country& then it
will slowly sta#ili/e the country)s economy and well4#eing of a state is reached!

RE**ERENCE
Apriyantono& Anton! PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN DI INDONESIA! !
http:88www!deptan!go!id8ren#angtan8%onsepBpem#angunanBpertanian!pdf!
?ia%ses pada tanggal 15 -ovem#er 201@
5arli Batu#ara& 5ustopa! 200C! PERAN LEMBAGA PERMODALAN DALAM
PEMBIAYAAN SEKTOR AGRIBISNIS DITINGKAT PERTANIAN RAKYAT DI
SUMATERA SELATAN!
http:88www!perpusta%aan!dep%eu!go!id8.*3?<=07=-A38%redit
D20agri#isnis!pdf! ?ia%ses tanggal 15 -ovem#er 201@
-asrul& 2edy! 2012! PENGEMBANGAN KELEMBAGAAN PERTANIAN UNTUK
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PETANI TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN
PERTANIAN! http:88www!ums#!ac!id8files8185<-A=A8wedy2>!pdf! ?ia%ses
tanggal 15 -ovem#er 201@!