A Study on THE PERFORMANCE AND INVESTORS OPENION ABOUT Reliance Mutual Fund At Reliance Securities Ltd By Arijit Kumar Ghosh
WBUT Regn. No: 131360710022 of 2013-15 WBUT Roll No: 13600913022
Army Institute of Management Kolkata
Table of Contents
1. Certificate from Guides 3 2. Executive Summary 4 3. Company profile 5 4. The Project 13 4.1 Introduction 13 4.2 Background to the problem 18 4.2 Objectives 19 4.4 Scope 19 5. Research Methodology 20 6. Data Collection and analysis 20 7. Conclusion 30 8. Findings 31 9. Recommendations 32 10. Appendices and Annexure 34 10.1. Questionnare 34 10.2. List of abbreviations 36 11. Refrences 37
CERTIFICATE FROM GUIDES
GUI DANCE-cum-COMPLETI ON CERTI FI CATE This is to certify that Ms. Arijit Kumar Ghosh, WBUT Regn. No. 131360710004 of 2013-15, WBUT Roll No. 13600913022, has undertaken the project title A Study on THE PERFORMANCE AND INVESTORS OPENION ABOUT Reliance Mutual Fund under our guidance from 16 th of June to 16 th of Aug at Reliance Securities Ltd and has completed the said project successfully.
MR. Aditya Bhardwaj (External Guide)
DR. MALINI MAJUMDAR
(Internal Guide)
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Executive Summary
1. The Reliance mutual fund is one of the fastest growing and most competitive of the Mutual Fund sector. As of September 2014, the total AUM stood at Rs. 122,068 Crore. However, growth rates of Company have come down from the peak levels seen in the 2009. One of the biggest reasons behind this is the lack of healthy reach to a large part of the country.
2. This lack of penetration can be due to two reasons: a. Low demand of mutual funds from the public outside the major (T-15) cities. This low demand in turn could be caused by low levels of financial literacy, cultural attitudes towards savings and investments etc. b. Low supply of mutual funds from AMCs outside the major cities. The low supply could be due to perceived lack of demand from the general retail investor or due to lack of available manpower in these areas.
3. The study first documents how Assets under Management (AUM) are unevenly distributed across the city of kolkata and then proceed to scrutinize the reasons behind this uneven penetration.
4. A survey was carried out to gain a better understanding of performance and investors onion about reliance mutua performance and investors onion about reliance mutual fund.
5. The study found that low number of agents (per capita) in sub-urban and rural areas and the slow growth rates in mutual fund sales in the corresponding areas are closely associated with each other.
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COMPANY PROFILE
Reliance Capital Ltd
Reliance Capital Ltd. is a part of the Reliance Group and is one of Indias leading private sector financial services companies, and ranks among the top four private sector financial services and banking groups, in terms of net worth. Reliance Capital has interests in asset management and mutual funds; life and general insurance; commercial finance; stock broking; wealth management services; distribution of financial products; private equity; asset reconstruction; proprietary investments and other activities in financial services.
Business mix of Reliance Capital Ltd. Asset Management Mutual Fund, Pension Fund, Portfolio Management, Offshore Fund Insurance Life Insurance, General Insurance Consumer Finance & Home Finance Mortgages, Loans against Property, SME Loans, Loans for Vehicles, Loans for Construction Equipment, Business Loans, Infrastructure financing Broking and Distribution Equities, Commodities and Derivatives, Wealth Management Services, Portfolio Management Services, Investment Banking, Foreign Exchange, Third Party Products Other Businesses Private Equity, Asset Reconstruction
In eight years (2005-06 to 2013-14) Revenues: Rs. 426 crore to Rs. 7,544 crore, an 18-fold increase Net profits: Rs. 36 crore to Rs. 747 crore, a 21-fold increase Total assets: Rs. 2,810 crore to Rs. 45,528 crore, a 16-fold increase Net worth: Rs.1,438 crore to Rs. 12,483 crore, an 9-fold increase Customers: 0.6 million to over 20 million, a 35-fold increase Workforce: 2,317 to 18,500, a 8-fold increase
One of the top 25 most valuable companies in India Shareho lding pattern Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group 54.1% Foreign investors: FIIs, GDRs, NRIs, and others 21.1% Domestic institutions/Banks/Mutual funds 5.4% Indian public 19.4% Total 100.0 %
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Market capitalization as at March 31, 2014: Rs. 8,496 crore Traded in the futures and options segment of National Stock Exchange of India Constituent of MSCI India and CNX Junior Nifty Reliance Mutual Fund www.reliancemutual.com)
Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) is amongst Indias top two Mutual Funds, with Average Assets under Management (AAUM) of Rs. 103,542 crore (US$ 17 billion) for March 31, 2014. RMF is the first Indian Mutual Fund to have crossed the Rs. 1 trillion AUM mark. It has the largest customer base of over 5 million investor folios that are served from offices spread over 175 locations in India with over 42,500 distributors. RMF has 55 schemes - 21 equity oriented schemes, 29 debt oriented schemes, 4 exchangetraded funds and 1 funds-of-funds. Reliance Mutual Fund constantly endeavors to launch innovative products and customer service initiatives to increase value to investors.
Reliance Life Insurance (www.reliancelife.com)
Reliance Life Insurance (RLI) is among the top private sector life insurance players in terms of new business premium with a market share of 6.6% of the private sector. The total premium was Rs. 4,257 crore (US$ 704 million) for the year ended March 31, 2014. RLI offers products that fulfill savings and protection needs of millions of Indians. RLI is the only life insurance player in India to be certified with ISO 2000 9001 for all its processes and first life insurance company to introduce OTC process. RLI offers 22 products, of which 16 are targeted at individuals and 6 at group business.
Reliance General Insurance (www.reliancegeneral.co.in)
Reliance General Insurance is one of the top five private sector general insurance companies in India in terms of gross written premium with a private market share of 7.5%. RGI offers insurance solutions for auto, health, home, property, travel, marine, commercial and other specialty products. The Gross Written Premium for the year
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ended March 31, 2014 was at Rs. 2,442 crore (US$ 404 million) with a distribution network composed of over 125 branches and nearly 15,500 intermediaries.
Reliance Consumer Finance (RCF) is amongst the leading lenders in Indian non banking finance sector. RCF offers a wide range of products which include Home loans, Loans against property, SME loans, Vehicle loans, Loans for construction equipment and Infrastructure financing. The company has a loan book at Rs.13,667 crore (US$ 2 billion) as on March 31, 2014, with over 66,000 customers across top 37 Indian metros.
Reliance Broking & Distribution business (Reliance Money) (www.reliancemoney.co.in)
Reliance Money is one of Indias leading brokerage and distributor of financial products and services, providing customers with access to equities, equity options and commodities futures, mutual funds, IPOs, life and general insurance products, offshore investments, wealth management products, investment banking, gold coins and financial services like money changing and money transfer. Reliance Money has generated revenues of Rs. 350 crore (US$ 59 million) for the year ended March 31, 2014 with a pan India presence with over 7,000 outlets; nearly 7,30,000 broking accounts generating a daily average turnover of approx. Rs. 2,100 crore.
Other businesse s
In addition, Reliance Capital has the following business interests:
Reliance Asset Reconstruction is the premier asset reconstruction company, the principal sponsor/ shareholder of which is the Reliance ADA group (through Reliance Capital Limited). As on March 31, 2014, the asset base was over Rs. 680 crore (US$ 114 million)
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Reliance Equity Advisors, is the Investment Manager of the Reliance Alternative Investments Fund - Private Equity Scheme 1 which is a private equity fund with the objective of raising third party sector agnostic funds in addition to sponsor contribution and make portfolio investments
International businesses
Reliance Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (RAMS) is a private limited company with limited liability and is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). RAMS holds a Capital Markets Services (CMS) license issued by MAS, for carrying out fund management activities under the Securities and Futures Act (SFA). It was set up as an offshore fund platform of Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited in 2006 for managing/advising mandates from global institutional and accredited investors. The core activity of RAMS is asset management focusing on India equities, alternative & fixed income instruments. RAMS has in-house capabilities to structure and manage customized mandates and new product offerings to meet specific client requirements. RAMS is also a registered Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) with Securities & Exchange Board of India.
Reliance Securities Ltd
Reliance Securities, the broking arm of Reliance Capital is one of the Indias leading retail broking houses, providing customers with access to equities, derivatives, currency, IPOs, mutual funds, bonds and corporate FDs. It also offers a secure online share trading platform and investment activities in a secure, cost effective and convenient manner.
To enable wider participation, Reliance Securities also provides the convenience of trading offline through variety of means, including Call and Trade, Branch Dealing Desks and network of affiliates.
Reliance Securities is one of Indias leading retail broking houses with over 7 lakh customers and a pan India presence at more than 1,700 locations.
Reliance Securities Ltd (Reliance Securities), a Reliance Capital company is one of the leading brokerage houses and distribution arms of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (RDAG).
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The firm was established in 2005 and offers comprehensive services such as trading in equity, derivatives, investment banking, portfolio management services (PMS), wealth management services (WMS), research & distribution of financial products such as mutual funds, insurance and IPOs among others. Reliance Securities is present in the currency and debt market segment as well.
Market & Network
Reliance Securities acquired memberships of the premium stock exchanges in India, namely BSE and NSE in 2005 and 2006 respectively. It offers trading facilities in the cash and derivatives market segment of both NSE and BSE. The company provides trading in the debt market segment as well. It also acts as a DP with CDSL. Reliance Securities website www.rsec.co.in also facilitates trading in commodities for its partner company, Reliance Commodities Ltd which,holds memberships in NCDEX, MCX and NMCE. Reliance Securities is headquartered in Mumbai with operations across all major Indian cities. Majority of the companys terminals are located in Mumbai. It has a vast network spread across 3,393 cities, with 116 offices, and 2,822 equity broking terminals allocated to 2,943 registered sub-brokers. As on Dec 31, 2009, Reliance Securities had 73 NEAT terminals, 40 BOLT terminals and 2,709 CTCL licenses. During the same period, the company added 1,84,550 client accounts of which 1,82,720 were e-broking accounts.
Products and services
Trading: Reliance Securities facilitates trading activities in all the major market segments including, cash, derivatives, debt and currency futures. The company offers online trading facility through its website, www.rsec.co.in. Reliance Securities has recently migrated all its customers to its new trading platform, Insta Plus and Insta Express. Apart from internet trading, customers are also provided with the option of trading through the Call & Trade facility and through RSec.mobi, a personal mobile phone service. Clients can place and track their orders on BSE and NSE on a real time basis with access to RSec.mobi. This facility is available to Reliance Securities trading account holders across all mobile platforms independent of device, operator and the underlying carrier technology. Investment Banking: Reliance Securities also offers Investment Banking services. Distribution of Financial Products: Reliance Securities is involved in the distribution of financial products such as mutual funds, insurance and IPOs.
DEMAT Services: The company offers DEMAT services through Reliance Capital and is a registered member with NSDL and CDSL.
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PMS: Reliance Securities is a SEBI registered portfolio manager and offers customised services to their client which is designed to meet their investment objectives. These services cover all administrative aspects while providing periodic reporting to clients.
WMS: The Company makes available Wealth Management Solutions to its customers
Research: Reliance Securities offers research based services to its clients. Its research wing encompasses 100 companies across 20 sectors. This division offers complete research solutions on IPOs, mutual funds, economic research and other special reports and newsletters.
Insurance: Reliance Securities also provides a range of insurance products including life insurance and general insurance through Reliance Composite Insurance Broking NRI Services: NRI clients can place orders using the new their trading platform such as Insta plus and Insta Express. NRIs can execute their securities transactions under the provisions of the RBI guidelines for NRI Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS).Future Plans Reliance Securities plans for CY10 include offering new products to its clients. In the near future, the company also plans to raise additional capital through the private placement route. During the above period, it plans to add 100 terminals, open 20 new branches apart from adding 100,000 new E-broking accounts. Additionally, it intends to recruit 250 more employees.
Reliance Mutual Fund
Scheme Reliance Liquidity Fund
Reliance Liquid Fund Treasury Plan
Reliance Money Manager Fund
Reliance Liquid Cash Plan
Reliance Floating Rate Fund Short Term Plan
Reliance Short Term Fund
Reliance Medium Term Fund
The following are the various MFs of Reliance: Reliance Liquidity Fund, Reliance Liquid Fund- Treasury Plan, Reliance Money Manager Fund and Reliance Liquid Cash Plan.
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Asset Management Company and Fund Details The above funds are mutual fund schemes of Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) and are managed by Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited. Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Capital Limited. The average assets managed by the AMC stood at Rs 80,694 crores for the quarter ended June 30, 2012.
Launched in June 2005, Reliance Liquidity Fund is on open-ended liquid scheme with high liquidity with a stated objective to generate optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk and high liquidity with investments predominantly in Debt and Money Market Instruments. The funds corpus stood at Rs. 7347 crore as on July 31, 2012 and had an average residual maturity of around 1 month as on that date. The fund continues to maintain a high proportion of its investments rated at highest credit quality and an average residual maturity of around 1-2 months in the recent past. The fund house manages the portfolios such that it meets the criteria to qualify for the [ICRA]A1+ mfs rating.
Launched in March 1998, Reliance Liquid Fund-Treasury Plan is on open-ended liquid scheme with a stated objective to generate optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk and high liquidity with investments predominantly in Debt and Money Market Instruments. The funds corpus stood at Rs. 9564 crore as on July 31, 2012 and had an average maturity of around 1 month as on that date. The fund house manages the portfolios such that it meets the criteria to qualify for the [ICRA]A1+ mfs rating.
Launched in March 2007, Reliance Money Manager Fund is an open ended scheme with a stated investment objective of the fund to generate optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk and liquidity by investing in debt securities and money market securities. The fund had assets under management of Rs 10,322 crore as on July 31, 2012 with an average residual maturity of around 2 months. The fund house manages the portfolios such that it meets the criteria to qualify for the [ICRA]A1+mfs rating.
Launched in November 2003, Reliance Liquid Cash Plan is an open ended fund with an objective to to generate optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk and high liquidity. Accordingly, investments are predominantly made in Debt and Money Market Instruments. The funds corpus stood at Rs. 599 crore as on July 31, 2012 and had an average residual maturity of less than 1 month as on that date. The fund house manages the portfolios such that it meets the criteria to qualify for the [ICRA]A1+ mfs rating.
Launched in September 2004, Reliance Floating Rate Fund Short Term Plan is an open-ended income scheme with a stated investment objective to generate regular through investment in a portfolio comprising substantially in floating rate debt securities. The funds assets under management stood at Rs. 692 crore as on July 31, 2012 and had an average maturity of around
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11 months as on that date. The fund house manages the portfolios such that it meets the criteria to qualify for the [ICRA]AAAmfs rating.
Launched in December 2002, Reliance Short Term Fund is an open-ended income scheme with a stated investment objective to generate stable returns for investors with short-term investment horizon by investing in fixed income securities of short-term maturity. The funds corpus stood at Rs. 1,719 crore as on July 31, 2012 and had an average maturity of around 1.7 years as on that date. The fund house manages the portfolios such that it meets the criteria to qualify for the [ICRA]AAAmfs rating.
Reliance Medium Term Fund is an open ended income scheme launched in September 2000 with no assured returns. The objective of the plan is to generate regular income in order to make regular dividend payments to unit holders and the secondary objective is growth of capital. The funds corpus stood at Rs. 2,019 crore as on July 31, 2012 and had an average maturity of around 6 months as on that date. The fund house manages the portfolios such that it meets the criteria to qualify for the [ICRA]AAAmfs rating.
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THE PROJECT
Title: A Study on THE PERFORMANCE AND INVESTORS OPENION ABOUT Reliance Mutual Fund.
Introduction: The performance of Reliance Mutual Funds
Background Mutual fund companies have prospered because of a continuing bull market, which means that investors Aug be able to share their fund company's gains even if their stock funds have done poorly in 2000. Mutual fund companies have done so well largely because they levy a fixed charge on the assets they manage, and the more assets they manage, the more money they make. Investment Company Institute statistics indicate that investors poured $212 billion into stock funds in 1st half 2000 alone. The industry is collecting management fees on $7.1 trillion in assets.
To understand the performance and benefits of mutual funds. The mutual fund industry has to now take the more difficult but long-term sustainable route of gathering assets from individual investors by providing them value added, financial planning services and ensuring that mutual funds are an integral part of their overall portfolio. The Indian mutual fund industry has shown relatively slow growth in the period FY 10-13 growing at a CAGR of approximately 3.2 per cent. Average (AUM) stood at ~ INR 8,140 billion as of September 2013. However, AUM increased to ~ INR 8,800 billion as of December 2013
Fig. 1: Growth in the AUM
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Lackluster stockmarket performance, rising inflation and anticipation of a rise in interest rates has led to a tapering of growth in the Indian mutual fund industry in the recent years Growth In Markets
In comparison to global markets, Indias AUM penetration as a per cent of GDP is between 5-6 per cent while it is around 77 per cent for the U.S., 40 per cent for Brazil and 31 per cent for South Africa.
Despite the relatively low penetration of mutual funds in India, the market is highly concentrated. Though, there are 44 AMCs operating in the sector, approximately 80 per cent of the AUM is concentrated with 8 of the leading players in the market. There have been recent instances of consolidation in the market and market concentration is expected to remain in the near-term.
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Fig 2 Market Share of Leading Mutual funds
Performance of Reliance Mutual fund
Example: Reliance Top 200 Fund - Retail Plan (G Reliance Money Manager Fund)
The scheme is ranked 1 in Ultra Short Term Debt category by Crisil (for quarter ended Mar 2014) rank unchanged from last quarter. If you are already invested in this scheme, you Aug continue to stay invested.
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Investment Objective The primary investment objective of the scheme is to seek to generate long term capital appreciation by investing in equity and equity related instruments of companies whose market capitalization is within the range of highest & lowest market capitalization of BSE 200 Index. The secondary objective is to generate consistent returns by investing in debt and money market securities. Scheme details Fund Type Open-Ended Investment Plan Growth Launch date Mar 20, 2007 Benchmark CRISIL Liquid Fund Asset Size (Rs cr) 5,330.04 (Jun-30-2014) Minimum Investment Rs.5000 Last Dividend N.A. Bonus N.A. Fund Manager Amit Tripathi / Anju Chhajer View performance of schemes managed by the Fund Manager Notes Reliance Liquid Plus Fund renames as Reliance Money Manager Fund with the effect from 11 February 2009.
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Background to the Problems
Key Challenges:
Despite the presence of various alternative channels in the industry, the distribution network still lacks proper strength and faces many challenges. All the channels have a common concern of lack of adequate investor education and financial literacy among investors.
Discouraging norms for IFAs
IFAs have the potential to widen the distribution network and expand the reach on a sustainable basis. As indicated in the chart above, IFAs have comparatively performed well beyond the top 15 cities. However, not much has been done to strengthen this channel. In fact, the new slew of norms and regulations have put pressure on further evolution of this channel e.g. Abolishing of entry loads etc. One of the major threats to IFAs arises out of direct plan option for investors. With SEBI incentivizing the direct plans in 2012, it would be detrimental to the business of the IFA if investors shift their focus to direct plans. To retain clients and prevent them from opting for direct plans, the quality of advice and service has to be improved. Their approach needs to be more service oriented rather than transaction oriented.
Channel Product Alignment
Distribution channels fail to market the MF products properly. They need to customize the product delivery system, and make it investor-oriented. Introducing a scheme in a semi-urban or a rural zone depends on the needs of the investors and IFAs are better than the rest of the channels in understanding the varied needs of the investors.
Investor mentality
India is still a relatively under penetrated market when it comes to paying for financial advice. Most investors are not comfortable paying a fee when it comes to receiving financial advice and even more so in years where the market sees greater volatility and when there may be Potential losses on investments. In the past, HNIs who have the knowledge and wherewithal to appoint someone to manage their finances have paid for advice. However, in the mass affluent segment, paying for advice still remains a relatively nascent concept.
Lack of investor awareness
As opposed to developed markets, financial awareness and literacy of the average Indian investor is relatively low. Given the propensity of the Indian investor to prefer savings in physical form like real estate, housing and gold, investments in MF instruments are relatively low compared to these other instruments. MF instruments constituted ~3% of Indian financial assets as opposed to gold and real estate which contributed ~46% of financial assets. Increasing awareness to promote MF investment will remain a key challenge
. Blurred lines between the adviser and distributor
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While SEBI has tried to draw a line between advisers and distributors, there may still be some potential grey areas. Advisers can still earn commissions and their investors may not be aware of the same. Furthermore, distributors also provide informal advice to investors, while still receiving commissions from product manufacturers which are not in line with the regulations by SEBI Emergence of Alternate Channels
Over the last few years, Indian mutual fund industry has grown at a rapid pace until global financial crisis of 2008. The various distribution channels that have evolved over the years for the asset management companies (AMCs) include:
National and regional distributors Banks Independent Financial Advisors Direct selling
Further, apart from these channels, AMCs are also leveraging the extensive reach of the India Post, which has a large investor base and branches spread across India. However, the potential is not fully utilised yet. The post offices remarkable presence in both urban and rural India has substantial sales potential and could emerge as an effective sales channel in the future. National and regional distributors historically have constituted this traditional channel for selling mutual funds. While banks and the national distributors target mostly wealthy and corporate clients, the regional distributors, IFAs and India Post primarily target regular retail investors. Direct and IFA channels could remain key to unlocking growth in terms of sourcing equity inflows from outside the B-15 cities.
Objectives
1. The performance of Reliance Mutual Funds 2. Investors opinion about Reliance Mutual Funds
Scope
This project report includes the opinions of people who have invested in Reliance mutual funds. The analysis is done on the basis the primary data obtained from the responses with the help of questionnaire. The geographical area covered in this project is of Kolkata and Howrah. Only Reliance MFs are considered discarding others.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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The research design for the study is descriptive in nature. The researcher collected primary data from the investors living in Kolkata and invested in MF schemes during the period between June 2011 and July, 2014 through a structured questionnaire. The sample size covered 250 small investors of Kolkata who were spread through five different business centers in the city. The important center, where large numbers of MFs investors are available, are identified for this study using Purposive Sampling Method. In order to collect referred information from the investors, the sampling design was carefully decided and properly chosen for the study. From each identified Investment Centre, Reliance centers were chosen. Thus, this study was based on the responses by 250 selected respondents. To analyses the primary data simple statistical tools like percentage method, cross tabulation and Chi-Square analysis were used. Further, to study the opinion of the MF investors regarding the problems of Mutual Fund investment with five point scale viz. Strongly Agree -4, Agree -3, Neutral -2, Disagree-1, Strongly Disagree -0. Similarly to study the factors affecting investors perception towards mutual funds four point scale is fitted and again to study the factors influencing with the MFs, three point scales is fitted.
DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Table 1 shows the gender composition of the sample investors of the MF. Out of the 250 respondents, 76.80 % of the respondents were male and 23.20 % of the respondents were female. It is observed that the predominant age group of the respondents was 35-45 years. A good majority of the respondents were in the age group 45-55 years. 20 % and 9.60 % of the investors were in the age groups up to 35 years and 55 and above years respectively. A predominant literacy group (72%) of the respondents was distributed in graduation qualification. A good majority of the remaining respondents were distributed in the degree qualifications. 8 % and 8.80 % of the investors have 12 th Std./Diploma and up to 12 th Std. qualifications respectively. Out of the 250 respondents, 81.60 % of the respondents were employed. 9.60 % and 8.80 % of the respondents were business and profession respectively. It is observed from the above table that 47.20 % of the sample investors made investment in MFs about Rs.25, 000 to 40,000. 12.80 % of the respondents made investment about up to Rs.15, 000. 26.40 % of the respondents made investment about Rs.15,000 to 25,000. 13.60 % of the respondents made investment about Rs.40, 000 and above. The income distribution of the sample investors of MFs in Kolkata reveals that 30.40%, 33.60%, 24.80% and 11.20% of the respondents were in the income range up to Rs.10000, Rs.10000-20000, Rs.20000-30000 and Rs.30000 and above respectively.
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Table 1. Personal Information of Respondents
Personal Information Number of Respondents %age Gender Male 192 76.8 Female 58 23.2 Total 250 100 Age >35 Yrs 50 20 35yrs- 45 Yrs 112 44.8 45Yrs- 55Yrs 64 25.6 <55Yrs 24 9.6 Total 250 100 Educational Qualifications >12 std 22 8.8 12 std/Diploma 20 8 Degree 180 72 Masters 28 11.2 Total 250 100 Occupation Business 24 9.6 Profession 22 8.8 Employed 204 81.6 Total 250 100 Amount of Investment >Rupees15000 32 12.8 Rupees 15000- 25000 66 26.4 Rupees 25000- 40000 118 47.2 < Rupees 40000 34 13.6 Total 250 100 Income >Rupees 10000 76 30.4 Rupees 10000-20000 84 33.6 Rupees 20000-30000 62 24.8 <Rupees 300000 28 11.2 Total 250 100
Source: Primary Data
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Table 2. Relationship between Gender and Satisfaction
Sl. No. Gender Level of Satisfaction Total Calculated value Table value at 5% Significance Satisfied Partially Satisfied Dissatisfied 1
2 Male
Female
Total 84 (33.6)
26 (10.4)
110 (44) 62 (24.8)
72 (18)
82 (32.8) 46 (18.4)
12 (4.8)
58 (23.2) 192 (76.8)
58 (23.2)
250 (100)
11.72
5.99
Significant
Source: Primary Data
The calculated value of 2 test (11.72) is greater than the table value (5.99) at 5 % level of significance. It is inferred that there is a significant relationship between the satisfaction level of male and female respondents with the investment in MFs. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected.
Table 3. Relationship between Age and Satisfaction
Sl. No. Source of Variation Degree of freedom Sum of Squares Mean Squares Calculated Value Table Value at 5% Significance 1.
2. Between Groups
Within Groups
Total 2
9
11 169.34
696.5
865.84 84.66
77.38
2.18
4.26
Not Significant
Source: Primary Data
The calculated F value (2.18) is less than the table value (4.26) at 5 % level of significance. The test proves that there is no significant relationship between the satisfaction levels of sample investors belonging to different age groups with the investment in MFs in Nagaon. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted.
Table 4. Relationship between Education and Satisfaction
Sl. No. Source of Variation Degrees of freedom Sum of Squares Mean Squares Calculated Value Table Value at 5% Significance
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1.
2. Between Groups
Within Groups
Total 2
9
11 169.34
3264.5
3433.84 84.66
362.72
2.46
4.26
Not Significant
Source: Primary Data
The calculated F value (2.46) is less than the table value (4.26) at 5 % level of significance. The test proves that there is no significant relationship between the satisfaction levels of investors belonging to different educational status with the investment in MFs. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted.
Table 5. Relationship between Occupation and Satisfaction
Sl. No. Source of Variation Degree of freedom Sum of Squares Mean Squares Calculated Value Table Value at 5% Significance 1.
2. Between Groups
Within Groups
Total 2
6
8 225.76
4460.02
4685.78 112.88
743.34
0.30
5.14
Not Significant
Source: Primary Data
The calculated F value (0.30) is less than the table value (5.14) at 5 % level of significance. The test proves that there is no significant relationship between the satisfaction levels of investors belonging to different occupations with the investment in MFs. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted.
Table 6: Relationship between Amount of Investment and Satisfaction
Sl. No. Source of Variation Degrees of freedom Sum of Squares Mean Squares Calculated Value Table Value at 5% Significance 1.
2. Between Groups
Within Groups
Total 2
9
11 169.34
852.5
1021.84 84.66
94.72
1.78
4.26
Not Significant
Source: Primary Data
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The calculated F value (1.78) is less than the table value (4.26) at 5 % level of significance. The test is not significant. This means there is no significant relationship between the respondents belonging to different scale of investment with the MFs in Kolkata. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted.
Table 7. Relationship between Income and Satisfaction
Sl. No. Source of Variation Degree of freedom Sum of Squares Mean Squares Calculated Value Table Value at 5% Significance 1
2 Between Groups
Within Groups
Total 2
9
11 169.34
404.5
573.84 84.66
44.94
2.88
4.26
Not Significant
Source: Primary Data
The calculated F value (2.88) is less than the table value (4.26) at 5 % level of significance. The test proves that there is no significant relationship between the satisfaction levels of the sample investors belonging to different scale of investment with the investment in MFs. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted.
Factors influencing with the Mutual Funds It is observed from Table 8 that out of the 250 respondents, 44%, 32.80% and 23.20% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied with the investment in MFs in Kolkata. The satisfaction level of the sample investors with the earning from the investment of MFs in Kolkata reveals that out of the 250 respondents, 52.80%, 25.60% and 21.60% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively. Again, out of the 250 respondents 57.60%, 59.60% and 12.80% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the capital gain. Further, out of the 250 respondents, 42.40%, 32.80% and 24.80% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied with the liquidity.
Similarly, out of the 250 respondents,40.80%, 24% and 35.20% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the maturity. Again out of the 250 respondents, 46.40%, 37.60% and 16% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the diversification of risk. The satisfaction level of the sample investors with the range of schemes in the investment of MFs shows that out of the 250 respondents, 39.20%, 27.20% and 33.60% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the range of schemes.
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Further, from Table 8 it is observed that out of the 250 respondents, 40%, 32.80% and 27.20% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the tax benefits. Again, out of the 250 respondents, 30.40%, 32.80% and 36.80% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the brokerage or sales commission. Further, out of the 250 respondents, 44.80%, 29.60% and 25.60% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the investors safety and protection in the investment of MFs. Moreover, out of the 250 respondents, 41.60%, 25.60% and 32.80% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the market information. Finally, out of the 250 respondents, 60.80%, 27.20% and 12% of the respondents were satisfied, partially satisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the reliability of investment in MFs.
Table 8. Factors Influencing with Private and Public Mutual Funds
Sl. No. Level of Satisfaction (%age ) Satisfied Partially satisfied Dissatisfied Total 1.
2
3
4.
5
6
7. Overall satisfaction
With the Return With the capital gain With the Liquidity With the Maturity With the Diversification of Risk
With the Range of Schemes 110 (41%)
132(52.8%)
144(57.6%)
106(42.4%)
102(40.8%)
116(46.4%)
98(39.2%) 88(32.8%)
64(25.6%)
74(39.6%)
82(32.8%)
60(24%)
94(37.6%)
68(27.2%) 58(23.2%)
54(21.6%)
32(12.8%)
62(24.8%)
88(35.2%)
40(16%)
84(33.6%) 250(100%)
250(100%)
250(100%)
250(100%)
250(100%)
250(100%)
250(100%) 8.
9.
10.
11. With the Tax Benefits
With the brokerage sales commission
With the safety Protection
With the reliability 100(40%)
76(30.4%)
112 (44.8%)
152(60.8%) 82(32.8%)
82(32.8%)
74(29.6%)
68(27.2%) 68(27.2%)
92(36.8%)
64(25.6%)
30(12%) 250(100%)
250(100%)
250(100%)
250(100%)
Source: Primary Data
Objectives behind investing in Public and Private Sector Mutual Funds
Every investor has one or more objectives behind their investments in MFs. Without any investment objective, the investment is considered as useless. According to Table 9 the main objective of the respondents behind investing in MFs is the tax benefits offered by it followed by high return and
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safety of the schemes. Therefore getting tax benefits from the scheme is the main motive of the investors behind their investment in MFs.
Table 9. Objectives behind Investing in Mutual Funds
Source: Primary Data. Note: S- Scores Figures in parentheses are scores
Selection of Mutual Fund
Selection of scheme is also called as decision taken by investor. Table 10 defined that out of 250 investors mostly 34.8% investors selecting the MF by way of recommendation of friends and relatives, 21.6% of investors selecting the MF of their fast growth, 12.8% of investors selecting the MF of their high return and only 4.8% of investors are selecting MF for their attractive advertisement. Hence, it conclude that the mostly investor selecting MF for their recommendation of friends and relatives.
Table 10. Selecting Particular Scheme of Mutual Fund
Reasons No. of Investors Percentage Fast growth 54 21.6 High return 32 12.8 Recommendation of Brokers 65 26 Attractive advertisement 12 4.8 Friends and relatives 87 34.8
Source: Primary Data
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Problems in Mutual Fund Investment Investors have some various problems; it is an obstacle which makes it difficult to achieve desired goal, objectives or purpose. It refers to a situation condition or issue that is yet resolved. It could be seen from Table 11 that less liquidity was the top most problem for invest in the MF. Less security is ranked the second problem identified by the investors.
Lack of awareness is considered as the third important problem. Low earnings is considered as the fourth important problem as revealed by the respondents. The difficult to select of investment facility was ranked the next problem. The lock in period got the sixth position according to problem ranking result. The slowly gradual growth of investment was the seventh important problem as pointed out by the investors. In the views of the sample investors have too many formalities is last rank in MF investment problem.
Table 11. Various Problems of Mutual Fund Investment
Opinion Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Total Score Mean Rank Less Liquidity 90 (450) 122 (488) 24 (72) 8 (16) 6 (6) 1032 4.13 I Lock in Period 50 (250) 64 (256) 92 (276) 34 (68) 10 (10) 860 3.44 VI Difficult to select 62 (310) 64 (256) 72 (216) 42 (84) 10 (10) 876 3.50 V Less Secured 84 (420) 126 (504) 26 (78) 8 (16) 6 (6) 1024 4.10 II Lack of Awareness 44 (220) 120 (480) 58 (174) 20 (40) 8 (8) 922 3.69 III Too Many Formality 26 (130) 24 (96) 40 (120) 72 (144) 78 (78) 568 2.27 VIII Low earnings 36 (180) 130 (520) 40 (120) 32 (64) 12 (12) 896 3.58 IV Slow Growth 30 (150) 48 (192) 68 (204) 62 (124) 42 (42) 712 2.85 VII
Source: Primary Data
Factors Affecting Investors Perception towards Mutual Funds
The perceptions of various investment strategy dimensions and the factors motivating fund investment decisions are very important to bring out a proper conclusion and in this context, it becomes crucial to understand the psychological and economic factors that influence the level of satisfaction of the investors. To understand the factors influencing investors perception towards MFs, the factors identified and considered to compare between perceptions of public and private sector MFs investors are Liquidity, Flexibility, Management fee, Tax benefits, Service Quality, Returns, Transparency and Security. Chi- square test is applied to test and analyse their significance and importance attached in selection of MFs in public and private sectors. Below analysis gives a perusal view of the hypothesis framed, the results of the test and inferences drawn from it.
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Ho: Perception of public and private sector MF investors are independent of liquidity factor. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that the chi square value is X 2 = 25.460 while the tabulated value is X 2 4.005 = 9.488. Thus, Ho hypothesis is rejected and it can be said that the perceptions of public and private sector MF investors are not independent of liquidity factor.
Ho: Perception of public and private sector MF investors are independent of flexibility factor. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that the chi square value is X 2 = 9.534 while the tabulated value is X 2 4.005 =9.488. Thus, Ho hypothesis is rejected and it can be said that the perceptions of public and private sector MF investors are not independent of flexibility factor.
Ho: Perception of public and private sector MF investors are independent of management fee factor. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that the chi square value is X 2 = 7.326 while the tabulated value is X 2 4.005 = 7.815. Thus, Ho hypothesis is accepted and it can be said that the perceptions of public and private sector mutual fund investors are independent of management fee factor.
Ho: Perception of public and private sector MF investors are independent of tax saving factor. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that the chi square value is X 2 = 16.275 while the tabulated value is X 2 4.005 = 9.488. Thus, Ho hypothesis is rejected and it can be said that the perceptions of public and private sector MF investors are not independent of tax saving factor.
Ho: Perception of public and private sector MF investors are independent of service quality factor. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that the chi square value is X 2 = 28.391 while the tabulated value is X 2 4.005 =9.488. Thus, Ho hypothesis is rejected and it can be said that the perceptions of public and private sector MF investors are not independent of service quality factor.
Ho: Perception of Public and private sector MF investors are independent of return on income factor. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that the chi square value is X 2 =6.574 while the tabulated value is X 2 4.005 =9.488. Thus, Ho hypothesis is accepted and it can be said that the perceptions of public and private sector MF investors are independent of return on income factor.
Ho: Perception of public and private sector MF investors are independent of transparency factor. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that the chi square value is X 2 = 11.622 while the tabulated value is X 2 4.005 =9.488. Thus, Ho hypothesis is rejected and it can be said that the perceptions of public and private sector MF investors are not independent of transparency factor. Ho: Perception of public and private sector MF investors are independent of security factor. It is observed from the descriptive statistics that the chi square value is X 2 = 4.314 while the tabulated value is X 2 4.005 =9.488. Thus, Ho hypothesis is accepted and it can be said that the perceptions of public and private sector MF investors are independent of security factor.
From the analysis it is clear that the significantly influencing factors on the investment made by the investors of public and private sector MFs are liquidity, flexibility, savings on tax, service quality and transparency. As per the above analysis, at 5% significant level and at 4 degrees of freedom, the calculated values of all these factors were greater than the table values, which implies that the perception of investors are dependent on these factors and there is no significant difference in the
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opinion of both the public and private sectors MF investors. As far as the other factors like management fee, return on income and security are concerned, there is a significant difference in the perceptions of the investors of the public and private sector MFs and needs to be concentrated on.
Management fee is the minimum fee charged by the AMC for floating different investment schemes, and from the study the investors opine that private sector MF companies charge more fees compared to that of public sector MF companies and thus there is dissatisfaction regarding this factor among the private sector investors. Hence, fund manager of the private sectors should concentrate on this aspect and try to come up to the expectations of the investors and maintain the costs at low level similar to that of public sector MFs. Investors investment in any particular fund scheme of MFs depends upon anticipated return that will accrue from that particular investment. The analysis shows that there is a significant difference in the perception of the investors of public and private sector MFs and feel that the returns from the public sector are not satisfactory and upto their expectations. It is a known fact that most of the public sector MF companies invest in safe instruments which have less returns but surer returns, where as the private sector MF companies invests in equities which are highly risky but get greater returns . So this can be the differentiating factor in the perceptions of the investors. Therefore requisite steps should be taken by the public sector MF companies to develop such schemes which will ultimately satisfy the investors by giving appropriate returns. Security is one area where investors like to bank on. The main reason behind saving and investing in any of the financial investments is to secure for the future. As per the analysis it is quite evident that there is a significant difference in the perception of the investors on public and private sector MFs. The investors of the public sector feel more secured compared with that of private sector MFs even though the returns are not that much expected because they feel that the public sector MFs are well regulated and are less risky compared to that of private sector MFs. This Aug be due to lack of awareness or very cautious nature of the investors as many of the investors are risk averters. Therefore the investors should be well educated with the dos and donts of investment.
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CONCLUSION
It is concluded that the Reliance MFs business in Kolkata is still in as embryonic stage. So, concerted efforts are needed for its success. The success depend upon high returns, professional competence of Fund managers, a MF brings together a group of people and invests their money in stocks, bonds and other securities, it have so many advantages such as professional management, economics of scale. The MF should be easy to buy and sell through broker or directly in the market. It also has some draw backs such as low awareness, too many formalities, difficult to select. Finally, the MF should be great transparency, prudent accounting norms, less transaction cost, low management fees. It is very attractive between sub urban and rural areas, it have innovative schemes and efficient administrative system. The present study analyses the MF investments in relation to investors behavior. Investors opinion and perception has been studied relating to various issues like type of MF scheme, main objective behind investing in MF scheme, level of satisfaction, role of financial advisors and brokers, investors opinion relating to factors that attract them to invest in mutual funds, sources of information, deficiencies in the services provided by the mutual fund managers, challenges before the Indian mutual fund industry etc. This study is very important in order to judge the investors behavior in a market like India, where the competition increases day by day due to the entry of large number of players with different financial strengths and strategies. The present investigation outlined that mostly the investors have positive approach towards investing in MF.
MFs have emerged as an important segment of financial markets and so far have delivered value to the investors. The study reveals that the investors perception is dependent on the demographic profile and assesses that the investors age, marital status and occupation has direct impact on the investors choice of investment. The study further reveals that female segment is not fully tapped and even there is low target on higher income group people. Hence, fund managers should take steps to tap the female segment and higher income group segment to enhance more investment in MF Investment Avenue which would really help the industry to flourish. Further, the findings of the research were on the factors influencing investors perception on public private MFs. It reveals that liquidity, flexibility, tax savings, service quality and transparency etc. are the factors which have a higher impact on perception of investors. These factors give them the required boosting in the investment process. Therefore, it becomes imperative on part of the fund managers to enhance these features for attracting more investors and also to retain the trust, the investors have in them.
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FINDINGS
80% of the respondents treat Mutual Fund as an investment option
While dealing with the investor, it is found that service people are more Interest in Mutual Fund.
Business sector feels that Mutual Fund is an important criterion in their field of work.
33% of investor's objective in Mutual Fund is for the benefit of their children, 26% for the purpose of tax benefits, and 12% for the purpose of creation of the assets.
36.56% investors feel that investment is for children benefit & return in Mutual Funds., 20.14% Investors would like to save in insurance, 24.8% Investors would like to save in deposit / bond, 12.43% Investors would like to save in Post office, 4.47% Investors would like to save in share market, 1.44% Investors prefers others.
Income group which opts for insurance as an investment option is between 1Iakhs- 2Iakhs.
The investors would like to invest their money where they would get more Security
The willingness to take up Mutual Fund as an investment option is independent of the occupation of the respondents.
Mutual Fund objectives and respondents categories are found to be independent.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
The performance of the Reliance mutual fund depends on the previous years Net Asset Value of the fund. All schemes are doing well. But the future is uncertain. So, the AMC (Asset under Management Companies) should take the following steps: -
The people do not want to take risk. The AMC should launch more diversified funds so that the risk becomes minimum. This will lure more and more people to invest in mutual funds.
The expectation of the people from the mutual funds is high. So, the portfolio of the fund should be prepared taking into consideration the expectations of the people.
Try top reduce fund charges, administration charges and other charges which helps to invest more funds in the security market and earn good returns.
Different campaigns should be launched to educate people regarding mutual funds.
Companies should give regular dividends as it depicts profitability.
Mutual funds should concentrate on differentiating the portfolio of their MF than their competitors MF.
Companies should give handsome brokerage to brokers so that they get attracted towards distribution of the funds.
As majority of the respondents are in service, this is the core market area to be concentrated on.
Income group which opts for investment in Mutual Fund sector is below 2Lakhs. It is suggested that while marketing, this segment to be considered with great concern.
From the findings, it is found that, the security is the main criteria for the investors. It is suggested that this aspect would be reinforced while accessing the investor.
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It is found that period of investment of the investor is more only during the year ending. It would be easy to tap the investor, .if the promoter concentrates during this period.
While dealing with the prospective investors business people could be attracted with more schemes which focus on their increasing return.
Tax benefits occurring out of investing from insurance must be highlighted in the service sector.
Professionals are not benefited with pension, since most of them are in private sector. So the one, who promotes the product in this sector should tap the schemes which would benefit to their family and their children.
As 80%of the respondents think Mutual Fund as an investment, the company can bring more Mutual Fund products to suit needs of the investor.
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Appendix
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ANALYZING PERFORMANCE OF RELIANCE MUTUAL FUNDS AS INVESTMENT OPTION
1. NAME: 2. DATE OF BIRTH: 3. SEX: 4. ADDRESS: PHONE NO : EMAIL- ID : _______________________ __________________________ _________________________ _______________________ __________________________ _________________________
9. RATE THE FACTOR THAT YOU LOOK AT IN AN INVESTMENT Rate of return Liquidity Tax benefit Security
10. YOU LIKE TO SAVE IN Mutual Fund Share Market Deposit/Bonds Insurance Post Office Savings Others (please specify)
11. WHO INFLUENCE YOU IN YOUR INVESTMENT DECISION Family Friends Advertisements Articles Auditors Others
12. MODE OF INVESTMENT (OR) PERIOD OF INVESTMENT Monthly Quarterly Half-yearly Annually
13. OBJECTIVES OF INVESTMENT Children's Education/marriage Tax Benefits Returns Others
14. PERCENTAGE OF SAVING FROM INCOME
35
0-10% 10%-20% 20%-30% 30%-40% Above 40%
15. DO YOU THINK MUTUAL FUND IS AN OPTION OF INVESTMENT Yes No
16. RATE YOUR INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES IN MUTUAL FUND Tax Benefit Risk Cover Creation of an asset Children's Benefits
17. ARE YOU AWARE OF RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND Yes No
19. Which MUTUAL FUND have you invested in? Reliance Others
20. DO YOU REQUIRE A PERSONAL SALES EXECUTIVE OF RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND MEET YOU TO SUGGEST THE BEST SCHEME THAT SUITE YOU FROM SBI MUTUAL FUND. Yes No
21. IF YES, Meet Call Mail
22. How would rate the service of Reliance MFs? (on a scale of 1-5; 1-satisfactory to 5-excellent)
1 2 3 4 5
23. How fast is the response to your query? 1 2 3 4 5 24. Would you suggest your friends for Reliance MFs? Yes No
25. What do you look for before investing in MFs? Expertise Safety Liquidity Diversification Tax Benefit Income Savings High Returns
26. What problems do you face during investing in MFs?
Less Liquidity Lock in Period Low Security Lack of Awareness More Formality Low earnings Slow Growth
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List of Abbreviations
AMC Asset Management Company AMFI Association of Mutual Funds of India AUM Assets Under Management B2B Business To Business B2C Business To Consumer BDA Business Development Associate CAGR Compounded Annual Growth Rate FPSB Financial Planning Standards Board GDP Gross Domestic Product HNI High Networth Individual IFAs Independent Financial Advisers KRA Know Your Customer Registrar Agency KYC Know Your Customer MNI Medium Networth Individuals MF Mutual Fund NACH National Automated Clearing House NISM National Institute of Securities Markets PAN Permanent Account Number PIN Personal Identification Number RGESS Rajiv Gandhi Equity Savings Scheme SRO Self Regulatory Organization SEBI Securities Exchange Board of India TER Total Expense Ratio UTI Unit Trust of India
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