PRESENT PERFECT

Es una mezcla entre el presente y el pasado. Lo usamos para acciones en el pasado que tienen
importancia en el presente.
Form (Forma)
Para formar el presente perfecto, se usa el verbo auxiliar "to have" en el presente y el participio
pasado del verbo. Para verbos regulares, el participio pasado es la forma simple del pasado:

SUBJECT AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE SHORT FORM
I HAVE LEARNED IVE LEARNED
YOU HAVE LEARNED YOUVE LEARNED
WE HAVE LEARNED WEVE LEARNED
THEY HAVE LEARNED THEYVE LEARNED
SHE HAS LEARNED SHES LEARNED
HE HAS LEARNED HES LEARNED
IT HAS LEARNED ITS LEARNED
Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)


Estructura= Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + participio pasado


Ejemplos:
I've talked to Peter. (He hablado con Peter.)
She's gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.)
We've been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.)
They've learned English. (Han aprendido ingls.)

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)


Estructura= Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + "not" + participio pasado...


Ejemplos:
I haven't talked to Peter. (No he hablado con Peter.)
She hasn't gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.)
We haven't been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.)

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)


Estructura= Verbo auxiliar ("to have") + sujeto + participio pasado...?



Ejemplos:
Have you talked to Peter? (Has hablado con Peter?)
Has she gone to work? (Ha ido a su trabajo?)
Have they learned English? (Han aprendido ingls?)
Uses (Usos)

Se usa el presente perfecto para acciones que ocurrieron en un tiempo no concreto antes de ahora.
El tiempo especfico no es importante. Por lo tanto, no solemos usar expresiones de tiempo
especficas ("this morning", "yesterday", "last year"...) con el presente perfecto. Se puede usar el
presente perfecto con expresiones de tiempo no concretas ("never", "ever", "many times", "for",
"since", "already", "yet"...).

1- Se usa el presente perfecto para describir una experiencia. No lo usamos para acciones
especficas.
Ejemplos:
I have never flown in a plane. (Nunca he volado en un avin.)
He has worked in many different museums. (Ha trabajado en muchos museos diferentes.)
We have been to Ro de Janeiro. (Hemos ido a Ro de Janeiro.)

2- Usamos el presente perfecto para acciones que todava no han sucedido. El uso del
presente perfecto en estos casos indica que an estamos esperando la accin, por eso,
frecuentemente usamos los adverbios "yet" y "still".
Ejemplos:
The plane hasn't arrived yet. (El avin no ha llegado todava.)
Our team still hasn't won a championship. (Nuestro equipo an no ha ganado un
campeonato.)
You haven't finished your homework yet? (No has acabado todava los deberes?)

3- En general, usamos el presente perfecto continuo para situaciones que han empezado en
el pasado pero siguen en el presente.

Ejemplos:
How long has Michael been in Barcelona? (Cunto tiempo ha estado Michael en Barcelona?)
I have loved you since the day I met you. (Te he querido desde el da que te conoc.)
Signal words:
just
yet
never
already
ever
so far
up to now
recently
since
for

Present Simple or Present Perfect?

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never) _________________that movie.

2. Sam (arrive) _________________ in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I (know) _________________ each other for over fifteen years. We still
get together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) _________________ ten very creative short stories
in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I (have, not) _________________ this much fun since I (be) _________________ a kid.

6. Things (change) _________________ a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start)
_________________ working here three years ago, the company (have, only)
_________________ six employees. Since then, we (expand) _________________ to include
more than 2000 full-time workers.

7. I (tell) _________________ him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander)
_________________ off into the forest and (be) _________________ bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) _________________ the bus this morning. You (be)
_________________ late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never)
_________________ the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George (dream) _________________ of going to California before he died, but
he didn't make it. He (see, never) _________________ never saw the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) _________________ much easier and very
comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) _________________ two or three months to cross
North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) _________________ very rough and often
dangerous. Things (change) _________________ a great deal in the last hundred and fifty
years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) _________________ since the last time I
(see) _________________ you. You (grow) _________________ at least a foot!

13. This tree (be) _________________ by the settlers who (found) _________________ our
city over four hundred years ago.

14. This mountain (be, never) _________________ climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers
(try) _________________ to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) _________________.
The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) _________________ trying to reach
the summit.

15. I (visit, never) _________________ Africa, but I (travel) _________________ to South
America several times. The last time I (go) _________________ to South America, I (visit)
_________________ Brazil and Peru. I (spend) _________________ two weeks in the
Amazon, (hike) _________________ for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly)
_________________ over the Nazca Lines.

1. A: (you / play / already) ________________ the new computer game?
2. B: No, not yet. I only (buy) ________________ it yesterday and I (have / not)
________________the time yet.
3. A: (you / go) ________________ to the cinema last night?
4. B: Yes. I (be) ________________ there with Sue and Louis. (you / be) ________________ to
the cinema recently?
5. A: I last (go) ________________ to the cinema two weeks ago.
6. B: So you (see / not) ________________ the new action film yet.
7. A: No, unfortunately not. (you / enjoy) ________________ it?
8. B: Oh, I really (love) ________________ it. But Sue (like / not) ________________ it - too
much action!
9. A: But why (you / take) ________________ her with you? She (tell) ________________ me
last week that she (hate) ________________ action films.
10. B: I think she has an eye on Louis. She (try) ________________ to flirt with him all the time.
So he (can / concentrate / not) ________________ on the film.
Form
Write down the correct form (pronoun + verb).
PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT
I / OPEN
HE / WRITE
THEY / DO
SHE / SWIM
WE / GIVE

Positive Sentences
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. Mary (win) the lottery last year.
2. We (prepare / already) dinner.
3. James (find) your ring in the garden yesterday.
4. He (come / just) home.
5. They (buy) their car two years ago.
6. William (tidy / already) up his room.
7. Caroline (miss) the schoolbus yesterday.
8. I (finish / just) my homework.
9. I cannot go out tonight. My grandparents (come) to see us.
10. In 2004, the Olympic Summer Games (take) place in Athens

Negative Sentences
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. I (see / not) anyone yet.
2. Phil (go / not) to the cinema last night.
3. We (be / not) to the zoo so far.
4. She (arrive / not) yet.
5. Emily (visit / not) me last week.
6. We (watch / not) TV last night.
7. Joanna (read / not) the book yet.
8. Collin (not / go) on holiday last year.
9. I (have / not) any problems so far.
10. They (learn / not) the new words yet.

Questions
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. (you / read) the book yet?
2. How many letters (they / write) so far?
3. When (he / tell) you that?
4. (you / be) at home last night?
5. How often (you / travel) abroad till now?
6. (they / be / ever) to New York?
7. (you / see) Catherine a minute ago?
8. What time (you / get) up today?
9. (he / hear) the news yet?
10. How often (you / play) that game up to now?

Text
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. A: (you / taste / ever) sushi?
2. B: Yes, I (eat) sushi at least five times so far.
3. A: When (you / eat) sushi for the first time?
4. B: I (eat) sushi for the first time on my dad's 50th birthday.
He (invite) the whole family to a Japanese restaurant.
5. A: (you / like) it?
6. B: Absolutely. In fact, it (be) so good that we (be) to that
restaurant three times yet. And on my mum's birthday, we (order) some sushi
and (have) it at home.

7. A: I (see / not) you for a long time. Where (you / be) ?
8. B: I (come / just) back from Canada.
9. A: Oh really? What (you / do) in Canada?
10. B: I (take) a nature tour.
11. A: Wow! (you / see) many wild animals there?
12. B: Of course. I (watch) bears, wolves and whales in the wild.
That (be) so interesting. (you / spend / ever) a holiday in Canada?
13. A: Yes, I (travel) around Canada twice so far.
14. B: When (you / go) there?
15. A: The first time I (go) there (be) in 1997 and the second time in
2004.
16. B: (you / enjoy) it?
17. A: I absolutely (love) it, especially the west coast.





















Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. A: (you / play / already)
have you alrea
the new computer game?
2. B: No, not yet. I only bought it yesterday and I haven't had the time yet.
3. A: Did you go to the cinema last night?
4. B: Yes. I was there with Sue and Louis. Have you been to the cinema recently?
5. A: I last went to the cinema two weeks ago.
6. B: So you (see / not)
didn't see
the new action film yet.
7. A: No, unfortunately not. (you / enjoy)
have you enjo
it?
8. B: Oh, I really loved it. But Sue didn't like it - too much action!
9. A: But why (you / take)
have you take
her with you? She told me last week that she hated action films.
10. B: I think she has an eye on Louis. She (try)
tryed
to flirt with him all the time. So he couldn't
concentrate on the film.
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never) have never seen that movie.

2. Sam (arrive) arrived in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I (know) have known each other for over fifteen years. We still get
together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) has written ten very creative short stories in
the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I (have, not) haven't had this much fun since I (be) was a kid.

6. Things (change) have changed a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first
(start) started working here three years ago, the company (have, only) only had six
employees. Since then, we (expand) have expanded to include more than 2000 full-
time workers.

7. I (tell) told him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) wandered off
into the forest and (be) was bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) missed the bus this morning. You (be) have
been late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see,
never) has never seen the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George (dream) dreamt of going to California before he died, but he didn't
make it. He (see, never) never saw the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) has become much easier and very
comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) took two or three months to cross North
America by covered wagon. The trip (be) was very rough and often dangerous. Things
(change) have changed a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly
from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) have changed since the last time I
(see) saw you. You (grow) have grown at least a foot!

13. This tree (be) was planted by the settlers who (found) founded our city over four
hundred years ago.

14. This mountain (be, never) has never been climbed by anyone. Several
mountaineers (try) have tried to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) has ever
succeeded. The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) have died trying to
reach the summit.

15. I (visit, never) have never visited Africa, but I (travel) have travelled to South
America several times. The last time I (go) went to South America, I (visit) visitedBrazil
and Peru. I (spend) spent two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) hiked for a week near
Machu Picchu, and (fly) flew over the Nazca Lines.
Positive Sentences
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. William has already tidied up his room.
2. Caroline missed the schoolbus yesterday.
3. I have just finished my homework.
4. I cannot go out tonight. My grandparents have come to see us.
5. In 2004, the Olympic Summer Games took place in Athens.
Negative Sentences
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. We did not watch TV last night.
2. Joanna has not read the book yet.
3. Collin did not go on holiday last year.
4. I have not had any problems so far.
5. They have not learnt the new words yet.
Questions
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. Have they ever been to New York?
2. Did you see Catherine a minute ago?
3. What time did you get up today?
4. Has he heard the news yet?
5. How often have you played that game up to now?
Text
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. A: I have not seen you for a long time. Where have you been ?
2. B: I have just come back from Canada.
3. A: Oh really? What did you do in Canada?
4. B: I took a nature tour.
5. A: Wow! Did you see many wild animals there?
6. B: Of course. I watched bears, wolves and whales in the wild. That was so interesting. Have you ever
spent a holiday in Canada?
7. A: Yes, I have travelled around Canada twice so far.
8. B: When did you go there?
9. A: The first time I went there was in 1997 and the second time in 2004.
10. B: Did you enjoy it?
11. A: I absolutely loved it, especially the west coast.

Form
Write down the correct form (pronoun + verb).
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple
I / open I opened I have opened
he / write he wrote he has written
they / do they did they have done
you / swim you swam you have swum
she / give she gave she has given
Use
When do we use which tense?
1. 'Already' is a signal word for ... Present Perfect Simple
2. 'Just' is a signal word for ... Present Perfect Simple
3. '2 years ago' is a signal word for ... Simple Past
4. 'Yet' is a signal word for ... Present Perfect Simple
5. 'Yesterday' is a signal word for ... Simple Past
Positive Sentences
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. Mary won the lottery last year.
2. We have already prepared dinner.
3. James found your ring in the garden yesterday.
4. He has just come home.
5. They bought their car two years ago.
Negative Sentences
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. I have not seen anyone yet.
2. Phil did not go to the cinema last night.
3. We have not been to the zoo so far.
4. She has not arrived yet.
5. Emily did not visit me last week.
Questions
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. Have you read the book yet?
2. How many letters have they written so far?
3. When did he tell you that?
4. Were you at home last night?
5. How often have you travelled abroad till now?
Text
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. A: Have you ever tasted sushi?
2. B: Yes, I have eaten sushi at least five times so far.
3. A: When did you eat sushi for the first time?
4. B: I ate sushi for the first time on my dad's 50th birthday. He invited the whole family to a Japanese
restaurant.
5. A: Did you like it?
6. B: Absolutely. In fact, it was so good that we have been to that restaurant three times yet. And on my
mum's birthday, we orderedsome sushi and had it at home.