3.

1 Matter Has Mass and Occupied Space

All living and non-living things on Earth are made up of matter
which are has mass and occupied space
Examples of matter: water, soil, plants and etc.
*****TRY EXERCISE 3.1(TEXT BOOK) page 5
3.2 The Three States Of Matter
Basic Structure of Matter
1. Matter is made up of very small and discrete particle
2. These particles consists of atoms and molecules
LEA!"!# $%T&$ME':
'tate the things has mass and occupied space
Explain the meaning of matter
elate things and matter
&arry out activities to shows that air, water, soil and
living things have mass and occupy space.
LEA!"!# $%T&$ME':
'tate that matter is made up of particles
'tate the three states of matter
'tate the arrangement of particles in the three states of
matter
'tate the di(erences in the movement of particles in the
three states of matter
3. Atoms ) are smallest particles. All su*stances are made up of the
smallest particles
4. Molecules are made up of two or more atoms com!ined
to"ether
Three States Of Matter
+. Matter exist in either a solid, li,uid or gaseous state
2. Solid form #i$uid form
%aseous form
Arran"ement of &articles in Solid
Ato
m
Molecule
1. The particles are arranged close together in a '() re"ular
pattern.
2. The particles cannot mo*e freel+
3. The particles can only vibrate about their fixed positions.
Arran"ement of &articles in li$uid
Arran"ement of &articles in "as
,omparison Of The Three States of Matter
Similarities
-ave .xed mass
$ccupy space
-i.erenc
es
Solid #i$uid %as
Arran"ement
of particles
/articles are pac0ed
close to each other
/articles are
loosely arranged
/articles are
widely separated
Mo*ement of
particles
1i*rate a*out .xed
position
Move random in
a group and
sometimes
collide
Move ,uic0ly at
random and often
collide
/olume 2ixed 2ixed 2ollow the
container
Shape 2ixed 2ollow the
container
2ills the whole
container
+. The particles are still ,uite close together *ut not as close as
that in a solid.
3. The particle collide with one another and do not arran"ed in
a re"ular pattern.
+. The particles are *er+ far apart from one another.
3. The particles are not arran"ed in an+ pattern.
4. The particles can move freel+ at random.
3.3 The ,oncept of -ensit+
-i.erent thin"s of the same *olume do not have the same
mass
-ensit+ ) is the $uantit+ of mass per unit *olume of a su*stance
The unit of density is 0g5m
4
or g5cm
4

6ensity can *e calculated using the formula shown *elow :
-ensit+ 0 mass of su!stances 1"2
/olume of su!stances 1cm
3
2
+
7
7
cm
4
+
7
7
cm
4
3or su!stances with similar *olume 4
"ron is heavier than wood. Therefore, iron is
denser than wood
LEA!"!# $%T&$ME':
6e.ne density
Explain why some o*8ects and li,uids 9oat.
'olve simple pro*lem related to density
&arry out activities to explore the densities of
o*8ects and li,uid
The density of water is + g cm
-4
. This means that + cm
4
of water has
mass of + g
:e can easily .nd the density of an o*8ect if we 0now the mass and
the volume of the o*8ect
a; The mass and the *olume of the o*8ect can easily *e
determined using a le*er !alance or a triple !eam !alance
*; The volume of an o*8ect can *e determined using the water
displacement method
LET DO IT!!!!!!!!!
+. A piece of glass has a mass of +7 g and a volume of < cm
4
. 2ind
its density.
-ensit+ = mass
volume
= +7 g
< cm
4
= 3.> g cm
-4
Therefore, the density of the glass is 3.> g cm-4
3. The density of mercury is +4.? g cm
-4
. 2ind the volume of +77 g of
mercury
-ensit+ = mass
volume
+4.? g cm-4 = +77 g
volume
1olume = +77
+4.?

Therefore, the volume of the mercury is @.4> cm
4
+. Transporting logs ) logs are heavy and diAcult to *e transported
from to the factory *y land
- logs are less dense than water. They 9oat on
water . 'o they are transported *y rivers to
factories *uilt on river*an0s
3. 2loat ) children and *eginners use 9oats to help them stay on the
surface of the
water. The air in the 9oats ma0es them less dense than
water
Application the ,oncept of -ensit+
4. /lastic *alls ) are tied to .shing nets as 9oats. These help nets to
9oat in the sea
<. Ma0ing rafts ) a raft made of *am*oos or logs tied together is
means of transport
on water. A raft is a*le to stay a9oat *ecause
*am*oos and logs are
less dense than water
>. Ma0ing su*marines rise or dive )a su*marines has several *allast
tan0s. These
tan0s ena*le a su*marine to rise or
dive in sea water
- to rise, air is pumped into the *allast
tan0s. As a results, sea water is *lown
out of the tan0s. This causes the
su*marine to *e less dense than sea water
- to dive, the *allast tan0s are .lled
with sea
water. This increases the mass
of the su*marine
and thus the su*marine
*ecomes denser than
sea water
- By varying the num*er of *allast
tan0s .lled with sea water, a
su*marine can run at di(erent
underwater depths
?. -ot air *alloon ) a hot air *alloon has a *urner that heats up the
air in the
*alloon
- when the *urner is turned on, the air in the
*alloon *ecomes
hot and expands. The hot air is less dense than
the cold air
around the *alloon. This ena*les the hot air
*alloon to rise in
the s0y
- when the *urner is turned o(, the air in the
*alloon cools down
and the *alloon goes down to the ground
3.4 The uses of &roperties of Matter in E*er+da+ #ife
LEA!"!# $%T&$ME':
6escri*e how man uses the di(erent state of
matter
6escri*e how man applies the concept of density
&arry out an activity to explore the applications of
the concept of 9oating and sin0ing in relation to
density.
+. Man uses his 0nowledge of di(erent states of matter to store
gases and li,uid
- storage of petroleum products li0e petrol and paraAn
- gas can *e compressed and stored in a cylinder in a li,uid form
3. Li,uid clay is easily shaped into *ric0 of 9owering pots which
*ecome rigid solids after heating.
4. :hen an article of complicated shape has to *e made of
iron, it is very much easier to pour li,uid iron into a mould of
sand of the re,uired shape than to cut or .le the article from
a *loc0 of solid iron.