INTRODUCTION

Today India is the second largest producer of the fruits (45.5 Million tons)
and Vegetables (90.8 Million tons ) in the orld !contributing "0.#$%and
"4.45%of the total orld production of fruits and &egetables respecti&ely .India has
'ade a fairly good progress on horticulture Map of orld ith total annual
production of The horticulture crops touching o&er "49 'illion tons India has been
bestoed ith ide range of cli'ate and physio(geographical conditions and as
such is 'ost suitable for groing &arious )inds of horticultural crops such as fruits!
&egetables! floers ! nuts ! spices and plantation crops.
*ith the focused attention gi&en to horticulture! there has been spectacular
change in ter's of adoption of ne technologies! production and a&ailability of
horticulture products. +ruits and &egetables constitute around "0 per cent of the
total agriculture production of the country. This sector offers enor'ous potential
for e,port.
-ccording to +-.! the e,port of fruits fro' India in #00$(04 /0 1"22
'illion and that of &egetables /0 1 #05 'illion .India3s e,port of fruits and
&egetables is 'ore concentrated toards -sian region. -sian region accounted for
45% of total fruits and &egetable e,port #00$(04.The e,port to 5uropean and
-'erican 'ar)et is &ery less due to i'position of stringent 6uality 'easures. 7ut
in the last $(4 year the e,port of fruits and &egetable 5urope has been increasing
ith the adoption of 8ood -griculture practices ( 8-9 ) by Indian far'er. -lso the
-95-:- is ta)ing acti&e role in establishing 'any 6uality testing laboratories and
ade6uate docu'entation protocol across the country to boost the e,port of
perishables.
Maharashtra is the one of the largest state In the production of fruits and
&egetable contributing nineteen percent of the total fruit production in the country.
The state produces around nine 'illion tones of fruits ha&ing producti&ity of "2
MT per hectare of ! hich is fairly good hen co'pared to country3s a&erage .f
"# MT. it gros co''odities li)e grapes! po'egranate! 'ango! sapota ! oranges
!li'e! straberry! ;ac)fruits etc in large 6uantity .The state holds prestigious
position in &egetable production contributing 5% of the production and stands 4 in
the country. Total production of &egetables in Maharashtra is appro,i'ately 5
1
'illion tones. 7ecause of close pro,i'ity to Mu'bai port and 'etropolitan 'ar)et
.the state en;oys the co'parati&e ad&antage in e,port as ell as long distance
In certain co''odities the state has occupied uni6ue and prestigious
position ! e.g. 'ango !po'egranate! grapes ! onion.
<ighly perishable nature of his fruits and &egetable 'a)e their 'ar)eting
syste' 'ore costly and co'ple,. Ti'ely and procure'ent of fruits and
&egetable in bul) is of i''ense i'portance for e,porters. Transportation
plays an i'portant role in fruits and &egetable 'ar)eting.
The e,porter has to 'eet the specific 6ualitati&e and 6uantitati&e
re6uire'ents of the i'porter. The pac)aging! residue testing! docu'entation
and phyto sanitary certification has to be 'et in order To e,port. 0o
establishing an efficient bac)ard lin)age is 'ust for e,porting fruits and
&egetables.


2
ADANI GROUP PROFILE
= -dani 8roup! founded in "988! is one of the fastest groing business
houses in India.
= The -dani 8roup has its roots in its flagship co'pany! -dani 5nterprises
>td. (for'erly )non as -dani 5,ports >td.)! hich has been established by
Mr. 8auta' 0 -dani in "988 as a partnership fir' ith an initial capital of
?s. 5 lacs.
= Through his entrepreneurial &ision! global aspirations! hard or)! 6uality
standards and custo'er centric approach! Mr. 8auta' -dani has
transfor'ed the 8roup in one of its )inds hich has crossed the total
re&enue of I@? "80 billion on March $"! #004.
= .ther co'pany of adani group(
"( -dani -grifresh >td
#( adani il'ar ltd
$( adani logistics ltd
4( adani enterprise ltd

ADANI AGRI FRESH LTD.
9rolonging the shel&e life of fruits and &egetables and there by creating a
business plan.
9ro;ect concei&ed by Aune #005 and co'pleted in "4 'onths! $ B- stores
ithin a year including procure'ent of land.
FOCUS -
= 0trong bac)ard integration for product a&ailability.
= :e&eloping procedures and syste's in both infrastructure and 'anpoer to
'eet the orld standards.
= To tap potential of Indian 'ar)et.
3
VISION -
= To pro&ide safe! hygienic! and fresh 6uality fruits.
= In&est'ent in technology and infrastructure to build and integrated supply
chain of fruits and &egetables.
= 7uild strong netor) ith far'ers! right fro' their groing by assisting
the' in technology.
= To bring transparent product handling syste' that ill benefit far'ers.
ACHIEVEMENT-
= 0tarted in #002 by in&esting ?s. #00 crores to set up controlled at'ospheric
pac) houses in 0hi'la district at three different placed ViC. ?a'pur! 0ain; and
?ohru.
= +irst ti'e in India introduced Bontrolled -t'ospheric storage facility.
= +irst ti'e in India introduced .ptical 0orting(8rading facility for fruits.
= 9rocured "8000 MT apples fro' 0hi'la and Dinnor district of <i'achal
9radesh.
= 0et up strong 'ar)eting netor) in $0 Ma;or tons of India.
= Introduced first brand E+ar' 9i)F in apple.
PROPOSED PLAN FOR MAHARASHTRA
= :uring &ery first season (#004(08) -dani -grifresh >td. e,ported 50
Bontainer of 8rapes to 5uropean @ations fro' @ashi) :istrict.
= ..ther products that co'pany is planning to e,port are 9o'egranate! .nion!
7anana fro' Maharashtra. .
4
Grapes
Maharashtra is a leading state in production of 8rapes in hole country. In regards
to agriculture land under grapes culti&ation G grapes production! @asi) G 0angli
districts are at forefront in the state. -part fro' these !grapes are also gron in the
districts of -h'ednagar! 9une ! 0atara ! 0olapur and .s'anabad. @o a days
grapes re produced in >atur district of Marathada. <oe&er !@asi) and 0angli
districts are ahead in the production of grapes in a scientific 'anner.
Figure
5
-rea under grapes in Maharashtra is $5#$2 ha! out of hich @asi) and 0angli
districts contribute #4"44 ha and 8#55 ha respecti&ely. Maharashtra produces
around 9884## MT of grapes annually! in hich @asi) and 0angli districts
contribution is 500402 MT and #$"2$5 MT. Total e,port of 8rapes fro' fro'
India is #249$.8$ MT &aluing "05.89 crores out of hich nearly 80 % is e,ported
fro' Maharashtra. The Varieties gron in Maharashtra are Tho'pson seedless
!Tas(e(8anesh ! sharad seedless! +la'e seedless and 0ona)a.
MARKET SCENARIO
@asi) district is the largest producer and e,port of 8rapes in Maharashtra. The
'ain groing are :indori ! @asi) !@iphad! 9i'palgaon H7as&ant and Bhandad.
5,port of grapes fro' nasi) stands at 42"$.2$ MT during #00$(04. /sually &ery
little 6uantity of e,port 6uality grapes co'es to -9MBs. 5,port grapes are /sually
9rocured at the fare gate . Traders and e,ports go directly to far's #0(#5 days
before har&est and they fi, a procure'ent price based on the grade.
Sangli
It is second largest grapes groing and e,porting district in Maharastra.5,port
6uality grapes on3t co'e to here. 0o e,porters and traders go directly to far'er3s
orchard. The i'portant groing regions are Malegaon! Mira;! @i'ni! 0a&la; and
Tasgaon. @early #50($00 containers of grapes ill be e,ported this year fro'
0angli district alone. :uring last year (#004(08) the far' gate procure'ent price of
e,port 6uality grapes fluctuated ith the ti'e li)e this.
+ebruary end3s $5(40 I)g
March"5($0J ?s 50 I )g
March $0 onards ?s 20(25I)g
6
S!lap"r Mar#e$
0olapur is also &ery big 'ar)et for grapes .8rapes arri&al is fro' 0olapur! 0angli!
and 7ara'ati and fro' regions of Dolhapur surrounding 0angli. :istribution is
'ainly to 7ihar!7engal!.risa! and 0outhern Indian states. There are 'any 7ihar
and 7engal traders operating in this 'ar)et. In this 'ar)et grape price depends on
&ariety of grape. The prices of so'e i'portant &arieties are gi&en belo. @early
80% of the production is Tho'pson seedless and "0("5% is 0harad and fla'e
seedless. ?est is fro' other &arieties.
Varie$% Pri&e Rs'#g
0ona)a #5($0
Tas(e(8anesh "0("5
0harad seedless #5($5
O()ECTIVES OF RESEARCH
O*+e&$i,es -
To study the 6uality assurance of grapes at the ti'e of procure'ent at the pac)
house
S"* !*+e&$i,es
". To find the a&erage siCe of 7erries during the season
#. To find the a&erage bri, of the berries e,ported this season
$. To find the a&erage bunch eight of the different &arieties of grapes.

7
O*+e&$i,es .
To find the a&erage price paid to the far'er.
0ub ob;ecti&eJ
-. To find out the price to the far'er ith respect to the 6uality of grapes and the
ti'e of procure'ent.
.. To study hether the price is deter'inant of de'and of the grapes or the 6uality
of the grapes.
8
E/PORT OF GRAPES
E/PORT OF GRAPES
Ma;or e,port is to Middle 5ast! /D! <olland! and 8er'any.
Varieties in :e'andJ
@a'e of the Varity :escription 7erry siCe <ar&esting period
T<.M90.@
055:>500
?ound berries
green color! 0eed
less &ariety.
"2 '' to "8 '' Aanuary to -pril
0.@-D- 5longated
berries!green less
&ariety.
"2 '' to "8 '' Aanuary to -pril
0<-?-:
055:>500
?ound
berries!7lac)ish
red colour!seedless
&ariety.
"2 '' to "8 '' Aanuary to -pril
+>-M5
055:>500
?ound
berries!7lac)ish
red colour!seedless
&ariety.
"2 '' to "8 '' Aanuary to -pril
Blone and Tash(e(8anesh are also ha&ing de'and to so'e e,tend in :ubai and
Middle 5ast.KTho'pson seedless constitutes nearly 95% of grapes e,port to
5upore and /D.but for dubai and Middle 5ast 'ar)et !along ith Tho'pson
seedless !0harad seedless !0ona)a!#(- clone and Tas(e H8anesh are preferred.
9
E/PORT SPECIFICATION 0HOLLAND1
In2ian 34i$e T4!5s!n see2less GRAPES - SPECIFICATIONS


Heal$4% in$a&$ Fres4 64i$e See2less Grapes
- Variety Tho'pson
7
8eneral for the hole
lot
/nifor' in ter's of class! origin!siCe!colour and
degree in ripeness.
Sr.
n!.
C4ara&$eris$i& Des&rip$i!n
" Te'perature
9recooling! storage and transport about 0 ( "
degree Belsius
#
7erry Bolour! to
separations
.pa6ue 'il)y pale green colour or a'ber. @ot
dar) green or glassy.
.
$
7erries ( 8eneral
-ppearance ith 0 %
tolerance.
7erries 'ust be fully de&eloped! ripe! turgid ( fir'
)L not bladdery! ilted! o&er 'atureL no shri&elled!
defor'ed or poorly pollinated berries. Bolour should
be e&en through the bunch and across the bo,. @o
rin)ling of s)in or sun)en area around pedicle!
atercore.
@o abnor'al e,terior 'oisture.

+ree fro' decay(deco'position of fungus
de&elop'ent.

+ree fro' decay(internal insect infestation or
internal da'age.
4
7erries(8eneral
-ppearance ith $ %
tolerance
+ree fro' slip s)in! boytritis! in;uries! shri&elling I
itting! cold da'age! unspecified internal 6uality
defects! s)in da'age! ind rub 'ar)s! unspecified
appearance defects.
5
7erries(8eneral
-ppearance ith 5 %
tolerance
+ree fro' split berries! 'ould on ste's! sulphur
burn! &isible residues! loose berries.
2
7erries(8eneral
-ppearance ith 8 %
tolerance
+ree fro' sunburn.
10
4
7erries(8eneral
-ppearance ith "0 %
tolerance
+ree fro' dry ste's and dirt.
T!leran&es in 7 re8ers $! $4e a5!"n$ !8 e9a5ine2 8r"i$ 0 n!$ &l"s$er 1 !"$ !8 a
represen$a$i,e :"an$i$% $a#en !n an ran2!5 *asis !"$ !8 $4e en$ire 2eli,er%
All ;"ali$% 2e8e&$s in $4e a*!,e 5en$i!ne2< 5a% n!$ e9&ee2 = 7 pr!,i2e2 $4a$ $4e
in2i,i2"al 2e,ia$i!ns are 3i$4in $4eir s$ip"la$e2 li5i$s
8 0)in 7le'ish
5&enly coloured s)in should be free fro' pest
da'age or physical da'age. @o bruising! hail
'ar)s! splits! crac)s! open cuts or rots! sunburn!
sulphur bleaching
9 Vine Bondition
0te's and pedicles fresh and green! not dry and
bron.
"0 0hapeI:i'ensions
7unch ( shape typical of &arietyL not straggly or
o&er tightL( round or slightly o&al! not e,cessi&ely
elongated.
Organ!lep$i&
"" +la&our
0eet and refreshing fla&our balanced by a hint of
acidity.
"# Te,tureIBonsistency Auicy! ith tender s)in and crisp! crunchy flesh.
"$ -ro'a @one! free fro' any foreign odour
P4%si&al
"4 0ugar Bontent 'ini'u' ( "2 degree 7ri,. Ma, #0 7ri,
"5 0ugarI-cid ?atio "8J" 'ini'u'! Target #0 J "
"2
7erry 0iCe! printed on
the >abel
Mini'u' "5 ''! as ?egular! >arge "2( "8 ''!
5,tra >arge "8(#0 ''. MM>.#0 '' and up. Target
a&erage"2 ( "8 ''.
"4 :ropped 7erries
Mini'al dropped berries (shatter) in pac)agingJ
tolerance up to 4 % by eight! Target Cero.
"8 9ouch eight
9 9ouches of 'in 5"0 g's. ( by pac)ing ) per 4.5
)g carton. 9reference of " bunch
per bag! ith a tolerance for # bunches of
e&en eight in " bag! @o single bunch to eigh less
than #00g's.
"9 9unnet eight "0 punnets of 'in 5#0 g's ( by pac)ing) per 5 )g
carton. Ma, three bunches per
punnet ith a 'ini'u' eight alloed to about
50g's for third bunch for ad;ust'ent of eight
11
purposes.
#0 Insects! 0piders
@o insects! spiders or 'ites to be present in the
product or pac)aging.
#"
A22i$i!nal
In8!r5a$i!n
All pr!2"&e s"pplie2 $! $4is spe&i8i&a$i!n 5"s$
4a,e *een gr!3n in

&!5plian&e 3i$4 $4e Ape2a NRC 2!&"5en$ an2
rele,an$ Gl!*alGap
pr!$!&!l.
## 9esticide residues -s per 5uropean M?>Ns li'its of "(9(#008.

The -95:- authorised >aboratory are I0.
"4.0#5 certified pesticide

residue field tests report codes are traceable &ia
the pac)ing list.
12
E/PORT SPECIFICATION OF DIFFERENT COUNTR>
Varie$% Mi22le Eas$ H!llan2 '
Ger5an%
U.K
T<.M90.@
055:>500
7erry 0iCeJ "5
'' Bolour hite
Ia'ber. T00 "4(
"8 bri,
7erry 0iCeJ
"2'' Bolour
hite Ia'ber.
T00 O"8 bri,
7erry 0iCe J "8
'' Bolour
Mil)y hite
Ia'ber. T00 O"8
bri,. @o
&ariation in siCe
0<-?-:
055:>500
7erry 0iCe J "5
'' Bolour
7lac)
7erry 0iCe J "2
'' Bolour
7lac)
7erry 0iCe J "8
'' Bolour
+>-M5
055:>500
7erry 0iCe J "2
'' Bolour 9in)
7erry 0iCe J "8
'' Bolour 9in)
9ac)ing 4.5 )g I 9 )g
pouch pac)ing
and 5 )g punnet
pac)ing
4.5 )g I 9 )g
pouch pac)ing
and 5 )g punnet
pac)ing
0torage Te'p . 0(" B 0(" B 0(" B
:ays re6uired to
reach :estination
+ro' A@9T
4(8 :ays #" days #" days
If necessary sa'ple should be forarded to the i'porter and it should be
representati&e.
13
MA)OR ;UALIT> PARAMETERS
FOR E/PORT OF THE (ERRIES AT
POST HARVESTING
14
T4ree 5a+!r :"ali$% para5e$ers 8!r e9p!r$ !8 $4e *erries a$
p!s$ 4ar,es$ing are-
-. Si?e !8 $4e grapes
.. (ri&#s in $4e pr!2"&e
@. C!n$a5ina$i!n 2"e $! pes$s.
Tho'pson seedless contributed nearly 90%of the total e,ported the 5uropean
/nion and /D hile 0hared 0eedless as the 'a;or &ariety that as e,ported
to Middle 5ast.
Ll. ;"ali$% !8 T4!5ps!n ,arie$% !8 see2 3i$4 respe&$ $! $4e peri!2 !8 $4e
pr!&"re5en$ is s4!3n in $4e grap4s *el!3.
;"ali$% !8 grapes a$ $4e $i5e !8 re&ep$i!n.0 T4!5ps!n See2less 1
6ee# Pri&e pai2
$! 8ar5er
A,erage
3eig4$ !8
!ne *"n&4
A,erage
Si?e
A,erage
(ri9
Disease2
grapes 0 :$
in Kg 1
4 $8.54 #90.45 "2.5 "4.98 >ess than " %
5 $9.#8 #40.45 "2.58 "8." >ess than " %
2 $9."# #82.42 "5.4$ "8.4 >ess than " %
4 $8.49 #54 "5.$8 "4.9$ >ess than " %
8 4".40 #94.44 "5.24 "8."4 >ess than " %
9 $9.#0 #98.9 "5.9 "8 >ess than " %
"0 $9.24 $"".5 "5.2 "8.# >ess than " %
"" $8.44 $"8 "5.$ "8 >ess than " %
"# 4".8$ $#5." "5.8 "4.8 >ess than " %
"$ 4#.$4 $#$.4 "4 "8 >ess than " %
"4 4".90 #88.2 "4 "4.2 >ess than " %
T!$al AB.B= .CD.EF -D.B- -F.B- Less $4an -
7
15
6EIGHT OF GRAPES
+ro' the table it can be established that Tho'pson &arieties of grapes are
generally a&ailable after the Aanuary end of fro' the period of the +ebruary. In the
start of the season the a&erage bunch eight is less as the grapes do not get 'uch
siCe and are har&ested. 5ach berry of his &ariety eight around 4(2 g's and each
bunch has nearly 40(80 berries.
16
AVERAGE SIGE OF THE GRAPES
+ro' the table #.# it can be established that the siCe of the produce is less in the
start of the season as co'pared to the 'id and the end of the season. +ro' the
belo graph it is easily seen that the siCe of the fruit is height at end of the season
hich i'plies a better 6uality according to /D and 5/ 0tandards
17
AVERAGE (RI/ OF THE GRAPES
+ro' the table #.$ it can be clearly seen that there is not 'uch &ariation in the bri,
of the fruit during the hole season. 7ri, of the fruit also depend on the irrigation
of the field .if there is rain or the ;ust irrigated then the a&erage bri, in the grapes
ill increase and 'a)e it unsuitable for the grape e,port. More bri, 'eans 'ore
sugar content in the grapes hich increase its chance conta'ination during
transportation of grapes
.
18
PRICE PAID TO THE FARMER DURING THE SEASON.
.bser&ationJ +ro' the table #.4 it can be seen that the far'er are getting the loer
price at the start of the season and price go high as the season co'es to end. The
price of the grapes depends 'ostly on the siCe of the grapes the de'and and supply
of grapes in the 'ar)et.
InferenceJ it can be inferred fro' the table #.4 that the siCe of produce is gi&ing
better returns to the far'er at the end of season. It can also be inferred that in the
late season due to the constant de'and and decreased supply fro' the do'estic
'ar)et the price of grapes are going on the higher side.
19
Thus it can be seen that the 6uality nor's are &ery stringht for the e,port to the
countries of 5uropean /nion and /D. The processing cost for the e,ports to these
countries is &ery high and the ris) of re;ection is also &ery high so it is &ery ris)y
business to e,ports to these countries. It is &ery high best on the part of field fresh
that there procure'ent procedure is &ery good that the diseased 'aterial reaching
the pac) house is alays less than "% hich sy'boliCes good procure'ent
practices and good logistics operation at +ield +resh +oods.
?eco''endationsJ
Bo'pany can also plan to supply the fruits to the local 'ar)ets are also fetching
good prices in the 'etropolitan cities .-lso the transportation cost and 6uality
re6uire'ents are less so the 'argins on the grapes ill also increase and co'pany
ill also 'ar)s its local presence.
20
Indian Council of Agricultural Research Division of Post
Harvest Technology Indian Agricultural Research Institute
New Delhi, India
India facts
argest !roducer of fruits in the
world
"ruit !roduction #$ %illion tonnes
&'( of world !roduction
#( of world citrus !roduction
#$( of world %ango !roduction
&( of e)!ort earnings fro%
agricultural !roducts
Issues and *olutions of "resh
"ruits +)!ort in India
21
India , The -arch Ahead
fruit !roduction, yields and e)!orts grew faster than the
average for the world,
. !roduction /011( co%!ared to 202(3
. yields 20&#( co%!ared to '04/(3 and
. e)!orts 502&( co%!ared to nearly 2(0
however, India6s share in the glo7al e)!orts of fruits
re%ains low0
22
Co%!arison of %a8or fruits6
Production in India and 9orld


+ruit 9roduction (Million tonnes)
India *orld
7anana "$.$04
24
8rapes ".#50
28
Mango "#.4$$
#5
9apaya #."50
5
9ineapple "."4#
"4
.thers "4.594#
#24
Total 45.#0$ 442
23
Constraints for +)!orts
ac: of !ost;harvest infrastructure
High cost of o7taining certification for
e)!orts
*u!!ly Chain Issues
<necono%ic scale of o!eration
ac: of consistency in su!!ly and =uality
ac: of cost co%!etitiveness
Inade=uate and ina!!ro!riate storage and distri7ution
infrastructure
ac: of technical su!!ort for the agro;industrial sector
24
-ar:et Access Issues
Non;Tariff >arriers
I%!ort Policy >arriers
*tandards,Testing,a7elling and
Certification re=uire%ents
Anti;du%!ing ? Countervailing -easures
+)!ort *u7sidies and Do%estic *u!!ort
@overn%ent !rocure%ent
*hort !roduct life cycle
ac: of 7rand i%age
Technological Constraints
-a8ority of holdings are s%all and unirrigated
<n!roductive !lantations needing re!lace%ent A
re8uvenation0
ow !roductivity of cro!s due to inferior genetic
stoc:s and !oor %anage%ent0
Inade=uate su!!ly of =uality !lanting %aterials
of i%!roved varieties
High incidence of !ests and diseases
Heavy !ost harvest losses
25
Pro!osed *olutions
Targeted Products
. India6s !roduction advantage Bin aggregate ter%s or for s!ecific
varietiesC
. Production should shift to de%and driven rather than su!!ly driven
. Current and li:ely trade volu%es in the category, 7ased on underlying
de%and trends
. Potential for differentiation
. Co%!arative cost advantage
I%!rove%ent of %ar:et access
-ar:et Intelligence
-a8or i%!orting %ar:ets
India6s co%!etitiveness vis;D;vis :ey co%!etitors
+)isting tariff structure and non;tariff 7arriers, and li:ely changes in the
conte)t of 9TE re=uire%ents
Current status of =uality standards and food regulations in target
%ar:ets for i%!orts of defined !roducts0
26
I%!rove%ent of %ar:et access
Har%oniFation with international standardsA!ractices,
certification and testing
*u7stitute !ost arrival testing with !re; shi!%ent ins!ection
+ncourage i%!orting countries to set u! offices in India for certification
of e)!ort consign%ents
+ncourage food testing la7oratories to o7tain accreditation fro%
international agencies0
Introduce certification Foning syste%s
Pro%ote certification of organic far%ing for different cro!s
*u!!ly chain align%ent with international re=uire%ents
. +na7le direct far%er;i%!orter lin:ages
. *et;u! inde!endent world class food testing and ins!ection
infrastructure
. Devise an alternate syste% of !rocessing grade !roducts
s!ecifications 7ased on internationally acce!ted nor%s
. *u!!ort !rivate *ector initiatives for s!ecialiFed trans!ort investing in
infrastructure
. +ncourage invest%ent in infrastructure to i%!rove !roduct =uality
27
Integration of Government Schemes
Reco%%endations
Integrate all sche%es offered for e)!ort !ro%otion through
various -inistries and allied agencies
*trengthen food !rocessing infrastructure in identified Agri
+)!ort Gones
+ncourage food testing la7oratories to get accreditation fro%
international agencies
*et;u! inde!endent world class food testing and ins!ection
infrastructure, !articularly in clusters with significant !resence
of e)!orters
Devise an alternate syste% of !rocessing grade !roducts
s!ecifications 7ased on internationally acce!ted nor%s
Pro%ote aggregation of e)!orts to %eet the %ini%u% order
re=uire%ent of i%!orters
Develo! a strong %ar:et intelligence syste% to aid e)!orters
Introduce certification Foning syste%s
Pro%ote certification of organic far%ing for different cro!s
>uild glo7al 7rands on the 7ac: of India6s strengths
*u!!ort a res!onsive research and develo!%ent infrastructure
To !rovide technological u! gradation
28
CHAIN OF EVENTS IN GRAPES E/PORT
29
CHAIN OF EVENTS IN GRAPES E/PORT
The &ariety of grapes that is e,ported fro' the @asi) region 'ostly this ti'e
is 0harad 0eedless and Tho'pson 0eedless ..ut of the to &arieties 0harad is the
blac) &ariety and Tho'pson 0eedless is green &ariety of table grapes .0harad ta)es
"00(""0 days to har&est after the floering stage so the yield starts fro' the 'onth
of late :ece'ber. It is 'ostly e,ported to M5 as the 6uality assurance para'eters
are less binding on the Middle 5ast than to the 5uropean /nion.
A.-. Resi2"e Anal%sis
0a'pling of grapes for residue analysis is usually done "0(#0 days before
har&est .5 )g sa'ple is ta)en rando'ly fro' each far'! in hich $ )g is crushed
for testing i''ediately and # )g sa'ple is )ept in cold storage foe 45 days till the
consign'ent reach destination ithout any hindrance. There are eight authoriCed
institutions throughout India that can conduct residue analysis test .The list of these
authoriCed residue testing institutions are gi&en in the anne,ure. +or this test! they
charge ?s.$00I sa'ple for one pesticide and ?s 4500I sa'ple for all 84 che'icals.
-95:- ill gi&e 50% subsidy foe reside analysis. This year @ational <orticulture
Mission ( @<M) has gi&en "00% subsidy for residue analysis test of all
horticultural produce. ?esidue analysis report ill be gi&en to far'ers ithin 2(8
days. The residue analysis test is done for 9# che'ical.
A... Har,es$ingJ
<ar&esting is done in 'orning hours based on the specifications of i'porter.
*eighing is done i''ediately. The 6uantity har&ested is entered in far'er3s
registry.
A.@ Kni$$ing an2 S!r$ing' Gra2ingJ -fterards )nitting of non unifor' and ater
berries is done folloed by sorting and eighing as per i'porters
re6uire'ent./sally 5,port specification ill be as follos.
30
A.A 6eig4ing an2 Pa&#ing
8rapes are usually pac)ed in three types of Bardboard bo,es for e,port 5ach
bo, ill ha&e to be pac)ed ith grape guard! tear off liner and bubble sheets
for 5urope. +or Middle 5ast! each bo, has to be pac)ed ith paper cuttings!
along ith grape guard tape to hold to bo,es.
a1 = #g P"nne$ pa&#ing In this 500 g' transparent punnets are used.
Totally 9("0 punnets are needed in each 5 )g Bard board bo,. The
punnets are i'ported fro' 0outh -frica. -nd Itly +ro' last one year /D
and 5uropean i'ports are de'anding grapes in punnet pac)ing only.
*1 A.= #g P!"&4 pa&#ing 9 plastic pouches of appro,i'ately 500 g' are
)ept inside 4.5 )g card board bo,es. The de'and for this type of
pac)aging has decreased considerably ith arri&al of punnets.The cost of
pouch ill be around 50 paise each.
&1 9 )g 9ouch pac)ing J "4("8 plastic Cip pouches of appo,i'aely 500 g'
are )ept inside 9 )g card bo,es. The de'and for this type of pac)aging
has decreased considerably ith arri&al of punnets.
C!s$ !8 pa&#ing 8!r UK an2 EU
C!s$ &en$re !8
pa&#ing
= #g (!9 AB 8$ &!n$ainer
0-A.= MT1
Bost bo, P
?s.5.5 I)g
#4.5 80000
9unnet P?s 5I
punnet
50 #2"00
8rape guard
P".22I)g
8.$ #4040
7ubble sheet P"2
paiseI)g
0.8 #$#0
31
Tear off >iner P
$9 I)g
".95 5255
Total 88.45 "$8"45
A.= Pre &!!ling an2 C!l2 S$!rage J 9re Hcooling is done at 0(9 B for 2(
8hours./sually cold stored for 5(8 days depending on e,port suitability. +or
storing the produce for 2(8 days ! ?s 5 )g is charged.
A.D Palle$i?a$i!nJ *ooden pellets are used to )eep card bo,es ith in the
containers. 8rapes are e,ported in 40 ft container. 5ach container can hold #0
pallets and carries "4.5 MT of grapes.
9ac)age .ne pellet #0 pellatsI container
9 )g Bard board bo, 80 bo,es "200 bo,es
5 )g Bard board bo, "#0 bo,es #400 bo,es
4.5 )g Bard board bo, $#00 bo,es $#00 bo,es
A.E (e8!re palle$i?a$i!n<
a1 AGMARK certification is co'pulsory! hich is issued by :irectorate of
Mar)eting and Inspection officer of concerned area. -8M-?D
certification costs around 0.# % of the +.7 &alue. /sually this charge
co'es to around ?s.$000I container.

*1 F"5iga$i!n &er$i8i&a$e -s ooden pallets are used to )eep bp,es in
container .fu'igation certificate is necessary for grape e,port .This ill
32
be issued by 9ri&ate certified 9est control agency or pellet supplier
fu'igation charge is ?s #0(#5 I pallet. 0o for a 40 ft container containing
#0 pallets! this charge 'ay end up at ?s 400(500.
&1 P4%$! Sani$ar% &er$i8i&a$e 0 PSC1 It can be a&ailed fro' directorate of
plant protection! Quarantine and 0torage! Ministry .f -griculture.
/sually in Maharashtra :istrict 0uperintending -gricultural .fficer
(0-. ) ill loo) after procedures! +or issuing 90B usually 0.#% of the
+.7 &alue is charged.
F!ll!3ing in8!r5a$i!n is &!lle&$e2 8r!5 E9p!r$er 8!r iss"e !8 PSC 8!r Grapes
". -pplication
#. Bopy of I'port 9er'it
$. >etter of creditI agree'ent
4. 9erfor'a in&oice
5. Bopy of I'port 5,port code
2. The hite and green copy of residue test report
4. Bontainer loading sheetI9ac)ing list.
8. Bopy of declaration by far'er
9. +ar' inspection report
"0.5,porters decalaration.
"". 9ac) house recognition certificate issued by -95-:-.
"#.0elf( certified copy of the certificate of ag'ar) 8rading (B-8) I00/5: 7R
the concerned .ffice of Mar)eting and Inspection.
"$.- Bhallan of prescribed fess paid for inspection.
33
21 S$"88ing Per5issi!nJ It is issued 7R Bentral 5,cise and Busto's
depart'ent. 0tuffing per'ission is the per'it to e,port a good to a
particular place I nation fro' central e,cise. It is life ti'e per'ission.
Quality para'eters such siCe! pac)ing! te'perature re6uire'ents should
be according to the i'porters specifications. It is better to get
re6uire'ent fro' the i'porter in riting in 9urchase order. 9ac) the
'aterial strictly as per the sa'ple pro&ided by the i'porter3s
re6uire'ent.
A.F L!a2ing !8 &!n$ainerJ ?efer container usually co'es fro' A@9T to the far'
gate. *hile loading the grape to container! Bentral e,cise officer ill inspect
the co''odity as per the purchase order and seal the container. .nce the
container is sealed! it can not be opened by anybody till it reach its destination.
/sually pac) house order charge ?s 4I Dg for labor! har&esting! transport to
cold storage sorting! grading! pac)ing loading to container. This ?s 4I )g
includes co''ission agentsIpac)ers 'argin of ?s.#(#.5I)g .It does not
include the pac)age 'aterial cost! cold storage costs and diesel and
electricity charges. Totally the procure'ent cost co'es roughly to around ?s
"#I Dg including cold storage charges.
34
Transp!r$a$i!n C4arge $! &arr% a AB 8$ re8er &!n$ainer $!
)NPT< M"5*ai.
0r . @o +ro' Transportation cost
" @asi) ?s #0000I container
# 9une ?s "8000I container
$ 0angliI Tasgaon ?s #5000 I container
A.C Pr!&e2"re !8 S4ip5en$ J
0er&ices of custo's <ouse -gents ( B<-3s) to be reser&ed to carry out
necessary logistic and paperor) re6uired for e,port. Aob li)e space for
e,ports! order for the container! custo' clearance of origin etc .is carried out
by B<-. -n efficient and co'petent B<- should be appointed. +olloing is
the list of docu'ents to be pro&ided to B<-.
( >etter of Bredit (if a&ailable )
( In&oice
( Bertificate of origin.
( 9hyto sanitary certificate
( 9ac)ing >ist ( if ite's are 'ore )
( Busto's I 5,cise +or'alities and charges.
+or agro e,ports! e,cise duty is not applicable. Busto's :uty P "% ith
respect to the cost of the in&oice is charged hile processing the docu'ents.
35
- Ter5inal Han2ling &4arges for 40 ft container is ?s."5000
Sea 8reig4$ Fr!5 )NPT $! 2i88eren$ 8!reign P!r$s
( To /D and 5/J ?s.-@EDCB
( To Middle 5astJ ?s.DFFA-
A.-B P!s$ Lan2ing C!s$J 9ost landing cost includes unloading! cold storage!
transportation! i'port duty and i'porters co''ission for the year #008(09.
C!"n$r% Rs'#g
/D #8.##
5uropean /nion #2.#0
:ubai "#.02
I5p!r$ers &!55issi!n
- EU (8 %
- Mi22le Eas$ (5%
?esidue -nalysis test in the i'porting country costs around .=BBBI sa'ple
This test is done only in /D and 5uropean country. If re;ected the labour
charge and du'ping costs should be paid by the e,porter.
M!2e !8 Pa%5en$J
@or'ally in the trade of agro e,ports (e,pect onion! rice and other cereals
'ango pulp) i'porter ne&er pro&ides >etter of credit ( >IB ) 0uch e,port is
done on consign'ent basis ( pay'ent as per actual sales ) 5,ports get the
pay'ent after deducting port charge! transportation and co''ission etc .of
the i'porting country .In certain country e,port is underta)en on the fi,ed
36
rates. Mar)et Bredit of the i'porter should be chec)ed before entering into
the trade. I'porter3s credit can be chec)ed by international credit
organiCations li)e :un and 7radstreet. 5,port Bredit 8uarantee Borporation
of India( 5 B 8 B) also underta)es such type of credit certification or) .
0ales proceed gets deposited in the ban) in foreign currency. 5,port
docu'ents including 5,port 9ro'otion ( 5 9 ) copy should be retained by
e,porter.
T4e pr!8i$ in,!l,e2 in e9p!r$ !8 Grapes
The grapes are generally e,ported 40 ft. container hich can hold #0 pallets.
The total capacity of 40 ft. container is "4500 of 8rapes.
The profit in&ol&ed In 5,port of 8rapes.
The grapes are generally e,ported in 40 ft. container hich can hold #0 pallets.
The total capacity of 40 ft container is "4500 )g of 8rapes.
Pr!8i$ in,!l,e2 in E9p!r$ing -A.= MT Grapes.0 AB 8$ &!n$ainer1
Par$i&"lars UK EU D"*ai
Bost of grapes P$5I )g to 5urope G
?s #8I)g for :ubai
55"000 55"000 402000
9re cooling and cold storage
P?s.5I)g
4#500 4#500 4#500
<andling and 9ac)ing cost P ?s.4I)g "0"500 "0"500 "0"500
Bost of pac)ing 'aterial "$8"45 "$8"45 "$8"45
37
Transportation charge to A@9T "5000 "5000 "5000
0ea freight for #"days to 5urope G 4
:ays to :ubai.
"$4290 "$4290 2884"
Ter'inal handling charge "5000 "5000 "5000
Busto's charge P P" of In&oice. "5000 "5000 "0000
?esidue analysis test ( 50 % subsidy
fro' -95:-)
$400 $400 (((((((((
90B #50 #50 #50
+u'igation 400 400 400
-8M-?D P 0.# % .+ In&oice. $000 $000 ((((((((((
9ost landing testing of grapes P
#5000I 0a'ple
#5000 #5000 ((((((((((((
9ost landing charges 409#84 $80000 "45000
Total cost "48444# "458"85 94082"
9rice realiCation at the destination
Mar)et
"454500 "224500 "084500
5,pected profitI container. #240#8 #09$"5 982$9
38
CONCLUSION
39
CONCLUSION
The ad&ent of ne &arieties ha&ing high consu'er preference and technical
ad&ance'ent in culti&ation has 'ade this crop 'ore popular.
.ing to the nutritional and 'edicinal &alues of the fruits! there is
preference a'ong the consu'ers in the do'estic and international 'ar)ets.
Tho'son seedless and sharad seedless &ariety is best suited for culti&ation in
the tropical areas. This &ariety is one of the best &arieties suitable for e,port
purpose and it is gaining popularity a'ong consu'ers.
Most of the 8rapess produced is consu'ed locally and about " per cent is
e,ported. The e,ports ha&e not been substantial since the international
standards ere not )non.
.f late! Indian grapes ha&e penetrated into the 5uropean /nion since
suitable &arieties confor'ing to international standards are being produced.
Darnata)a has e,ported about #000 MT to other countries during the last
fe years. There is potential for e,port to the /nited 0tate of -'erica also.
:iseases such as 9odary 'ilde! :ony Milde! etc.! ha&e created
proble's in obtaining econo'ic yields.
9roper &arietal selection! crop and post har&est 'anage'ent! infrastructure
such as cold chain! facilities for 'ar)eting etc! ill aug'ent the culti&ation
of 6uality grapes and ill help in increasing the e,ports to a tune of about
#0!000 H $0!000 MT tons.
In this bac)ground! India can definitely 'a)e a dent in grapes trade in the
orld 'ar)et.
40
?e'ar)s
-dd!
Bo'pititors in the 'ar)et and there purchase I pricing strategy!
5ntry le&el and pac)out le&el 6uality para'eters.Idocu'ents filled.
+lo chart of total e,port process.
Aust concentrate on Tho'pson seedless as it accounts for 90 % of
5,port to 5urope.
9ac)house re6uire'ents for global gap -udit to get 6uality produce.
grape net and 8lobal 8ap 0yste'.I9rocess.
Quality of grapes starts fro' field hence start process fro'
identification of fieldSSSSSS0.9.
41