CAESAR II STATIC LOAD CASE

EDITOR
Loren Brown
Senior Engineer/Developer
CADWorx & Analysis Solutions
Intergraph Process, Power,& arine
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#/PES !% .!ADS

Pri-ary .oa&s 0 %orce &riven, cause

catastrophic 1ailure*

Weight, Pressure, Point .oa&s, $ni1or-

.oa&s, 2anger .oa&s, Win& an& Wave
loa&s*

Secon&ary .oa&s 0 Strain 'ase&,

cause 1atigue 1ailure*

#e-perature, Displace-ents*
A3AI.A+.E .!AD #/PES I"
CAESA4 II

W 5Weight6, W"C 5Weight "o Contents6

WW 5Water78lle& Weight6

P 5Pressure6, 2P 52y&rotest Pressure6

# 5#e-perature6, D 5Displace-ent6

2 52anger Pre7loa&s6, % 5Concentrate&

.oa&s6

$ 5$ni1or- .oa&s6

Win 5Win&6, Wav 5Wave an& Current6

CS 5Cut Short or Cut .ong6

Availa'le Stress #ypes in
CAESA4 II

!PE 0 !perating

S$S 0 Sustaine&

E9P 0 Expansion

!CC 0 !ccasional

2/D 0 2y&rotest

2:4 0 2anger Design

%A# 7 %atigue
.oa& Case De8nition

!perating case contains all loa&s in the

syste-*

.; < W=P;=#;=2 5!PE6 this is calle& a 'asic loa& case

Sustaine& Case contains only pri-ary

loa&s*

.> < W=P;=2 5S$S6 another 'asic loa& case

Expansion Case is the &i?erence 'etween

the operating an& sustaine& cases*

.@ < .;7.> 5E9P6 this is calle& a co-'ination loa& case

Co-'ination .oa& Cases

$se& to a&& or su'tract results 1ro-

previously &e8ne& pri-itive loa&
cases*

"ecessary 1or proper E9P an& !CC

co&e stress &e8nition*

"ot use& 1or restraint or eAuip-ent

loa& &e8nition, nor 1or &isplace-ent
reporting*
Why su'tract S$S 1ro-
!PEB

Why not si-ply use .@ < #; 5E9P6B

+ecause the restraint con8guration -ay

result in an incorrect solution*

"onlinear restraints &rive the restraint

con8guration*

!ther loa&s in the syste- co-'ine to

change the restraint con8guration*
"onlinear 4estraints

Sti?ness o1 4estraint changes

&epen&ing on position o1 pipe or 1orces
on restraint*

Exa-ples)

$ni7&irectional 4estraints 5=/6

:aps in restraints

%riction

.arge7rotation ro&s

+i7linear 4estraints
%orce vs* Distance in "onlinear
4estraints
Exa-ple ;) #; 5E9P6
This is how the line is modeled in
Caesar II. The gaps are equal on
both sides of the pipe. No loads are
yet applied.
The thermal forces have closed
the gap on the right side.
.@ < #; 5E9P6
#otal Displace-ent 1or #; 5E9P6 < ; x :ap
Exa-ple >) .; 0 .> 5E9P6
.> < W=P; 5S$S6
.; < W=P;=#;
5!PE6
Weight has caused the pipe to close
the gap to the left. This can happen
when the pipe pivots about a
different restraint.
Operating conditions have caused
the pipe to close the gap to the
right, even against the weight force
trying to hold it on the left.
Exa-ple > 5conCt6

I1 we su'tract the &isplace-ents o1 the

S$S case 1ro- !PE we get)

#otal Displace-ent 1or .;7.> < > x :ap

In a linear syste- #; 5E9P6 < .; 0 .> 5E9P6

In a nonlinear syste- this is not guarantee&*

#his represents the e?ect o1 te-perature in

the presence o1 other loa&s*

#his is a &isplace-ent stress range, not

starting 1ro- the neutral position*
!ccasional .oa& Cases

%or -ost piping co&es 5not the o?shore

co&es6)

Set up an !PE case that inclu&es the

occasional loa&

Su'tract the stan&ar& !PE case 1ro- the

!PE that inclu&es the occasional loa&* We
call this the segregate& occasional loa&
case*

A&& the a'ove loa& case results to the S$S

loa& case results 1or the co&e stress chec(
Exa-ple @) !ccasional
.oa& Cases

Assu-e we have a uni1or- loa&

representing a seis-ic loa&, $;*

.; < W=P;=#; 5!PE6 stan&ar& operating

.> < W=P; 5S$S6

.@ < W=P;=#;=$; 5!PE6 operating with occasional

loa&

.D < .;7.> 5E9P6

.E < .@7.; 5!CC6 segregate& occasional

.F < .>=.E5!CC6 G occasional co&e stress case

G use scalar co-'ination -etho&*
Co-'ination etho&s

Alge'raic)

$se& 1or su'tracting two loa& cases*

#a(es the &isplace-ents 1ro- the re1erence&

cases an& su'tracts the-*

#hen co-putes 1orces, -o-ents, an&

resultant stress 1ro- these &isplace-ents*

Scalar)

$se& 1or a&&ing two loa& cases*

A&&s the stresses 1ro- the two re1erence&

loa& cases*

$nli(e alge'raic the stresses are not

reco-pute& 1ro- &isplace-ents*
"otes on co-'ination
-etho&s

DonCt use alge'raic 1or a&&ing two

loa& cases*

/ou canCt ta(e cre&it 1or occasional loa&s

acting opposite to operating loa&s*

DonCt use scalar 1or su'tracting two

cases*

#his results in a lower co&e stress than

actual*
!utput #ypes

Displace-ent

$sually reporte& only 1or 'asic loa&

cases

%orce

$sually reporte& only 1or 'asic loa&

cases

Stress

4eporte& 'ase& on co&e reAuire-ents*

Exa-ple D 0 4estraint .oa&s
#he alge'raic &i?erence 'etween these two con&itions will result
in a positive 1orce on the restraint* #his is an i-possi'le
con&ition* +ut the E9P co&e stress is correctly co-pute& 1or this
con&ition*
What to report

Suppress the 2:4 cases an& the

segregate& occasional loa& cases*

4eport &isplace-ent, 1orce 1or all

pri-itive loa& cases*

DonCt report stress 1or the operating

loa& cases*

#his is not true 1or o?shore co&es, nor %4P

co&es, nor 'urie& pipe co&es*

4eport only stress 1or co-'ination loa&

cases*
$sing the 2ot o&ulus o1
Elasticity

It is reAuire& to use the col& -o&ulus

o1 elasticity 1or stress co-putation*

/ou can re&uce restraint loa&s 'y use

o1 the hot -o&ulus o1 elasticity*

Create i&entical !PE cases, one with

hot -o&ulus 1or restraint loa&s, an&
one with col& -o&ulus 1or use in the
co-'ination with S$S 1or &eter-ining
E9P stress*
$sing the %riction ultiplier

%riction ultiplier acts on the u value

entere& on each restraint in the -o&el*

Input H*H 1or no 1riction an& ;*H 1or 1ull

1riction*

Create i&entical loa& cases, 'ut change the

value o1 %riction ultiplier on one o1 the-*

Co-pare the results in the 4estraint

Su--ary an& report the worst7case
results*