Caues of Death in Taiwan, 2012

Causes of Death in Taiwan, 2012
Causes of death in Taiwan, 2012

All causes of death are based on the Underlying Cause of Death and are
processed in accordance with the International Classifcation of Diseases Causes
of death were coded and classifed according to the !inth "e#ision $ICD%&' during
1&(&%200(, and according to the Tenth "e#ision $ICD%10' after 200) The
standardi*ed +ortality rate $age%ad,usted death rate' is age%standardi*ed to the
-./ 2000 global standard population
I. The standardized mortality rate declined and life expectancy at
birth increased in 2012.
In 2012, a total of 101,221 deaths were reported in Taiwan The standardi*ed
+ortality rate was 300( deaths per 100,000 population, which was 204 lower
than the 2011 rate and 1&14 lower than the 2001 rate
According to 5inistry of the Interiors preli+inary statistics, life e6pectancy
at birth in 2012 is )&0 years for total population$01 year higher than the 2011',
continuing a long%ter+ rising trend 7ife e6pectancy for +ales increased 02 year
fro+ 2011 to )(2 years in 2012, and life e6pectancy for fe+ales increased 03
year fro+ 2011 to 210 years in 2012
The !ational .ealth Insurance $!.I' has been i+ple+ented since 1&&0 and it
i+pro#es Taiwaneses access to +edical resources In conclusion, !.I leads to
Taiwaneses longer life span and lower standardi*ed +ortality rate
Page. 1
II. Decedents aged 65 years and over acconted for 6!.!" of total
deaths in 2012.
In 2012, people aged (0 years and o#er accounted for 1104 of total
population, which is 21 percentage points higher than the fgure in 2001
/wing to the aging of the population, percentage of decedents aged (0 and
o#er of total deaths continued its upward trend in 2012 The percentage was
3(24 in 1&21, (104 in 1&&( and (224 in 2012
In 2012, the percent of total deaths by age group is8
0%(3 years $1124 of total deaths'
(0%)3 years $1()4 of total deaths'
)0%23 years $2&04 of total deaths'
20 years and o#er $2124 of total deaths'
Decedents aged 20 years and o#er e6perienced the signifcant increase of 10
percentage points, of which 20 and 10 percentages points were accounted for
the age group 20%&3 and &09 respecti#ely, co+pared with 2001 The fgures
show deaths aged elder constituted +ore of total deaths
III. #alignant neoplasm contined to be the most deadly case.
The 10 leading cause of death and its percentage of total deaths in 2012
were as follows8
$1' 5alignant neoplas+s%%2234
$2' Diseases of heart $e6cept hypertensi#e diseases'%%1114
Page. 2
$1' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%)24
$3' :neu+onia%%(14
$0' Diabetes +ellitus%%(4
$(' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%304
$)' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%314
$2' .ypertensi#e diseases%%124
$&' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%124
$10' !ephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis%%224
5ost of the 10 leading causes of death were chronic diseases, and +alignant
neoplas+s, whose percent of total deaths was further higher than other leading
causes, has been the 1
st
cause of death for consecuti#e 11 years
Causes of death are ran<ed according to the crude death rate In 2012, si6 of
the ten leading causes re+ained the sa+e as in 2011 :neu+onia, the 0th cause
in 2011, e6changed with diabetes +ellitus, the 3th cause in 2011, beca+e the
3th cause in 2012 .ypertensi#e diseases, the &th cause in 2011, e6changed with
chronic li#er diseases and cirrhosis, the 2th cause in 2011, beca+e the 2th cause
in 2012
Co+pared the ran<ing in 2012 with the one in 2001, hypertensi#e diseases
and pneu+onia rose its ran< while accidents and ad#erse e;ects,
cerebro#ascular diseases, chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis , and nephritis,
nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis fell down Intentional self%har+$suicide',
Page. 1
replaced by chronic lower respiratory diseases , dropped fro+ a+ong 10 +a,or
causes,
Co+pared with 2001, two +a,or causes, hypertensi#e diseases and
pneu+onia, showed increases in standardi*ed +ortality and percent of total
deaths in 2012 while 0 causes in =uadrant III shown in fgure 0 decreased
5alignant neoplas+s, diseases of heart, and chronic lower respiratory diseases
increased in percent of total deaths but decreased in standardi*ed +ortality rate
I$. #edian age at death %as & years longer in 2012 than the age in
2001.
Page. 3
The a#erage age at death was )0& years in 2012, a 01 year higher than the
2011 age, and 3( years higher than the 2001 age The +edian age at death was
)00 years in 2012, a 30%year rise co+pared with 2001
/f the ten leading causes, ) causes, shown in Table 1, ha#e higher +edian
age at death than the o#erall +edian age at death, )00 years, +ost of which
were chronic diseases
All of the ten leading causes showed a upward trend in +edian age at death,
e6cept chronic diseases and cirrhosis Accidents and ad#erse e;ects increased
signifcantly by 11 years during 2001 to 2012
V. The standardized mortality rate for males decreased by 16"
compared %ith 2001.
In 2012, +ales had higher nu+ber of deaths, crude death rate, and
standardi*ed death rate than fe+ales, by 10>1) ti+es
The nu+ber of deaths for +ales was &1,1&) The standardi*ed +ortality was
0)11 deaths per 100,000 population, which was a fall of 104 fro+ 2011, and a
fall of 10(4 fro+ 2001
In 2012, eight of the ten leading causes for +ales re+ained the sa+e as in
2011 Chronic respiratory diseases, the )th causes in 2011, e6changed with
diabetes +ellitus, the (th cause in 2011, beca+e the (th cause in 2012
The 10 leading cause of death for +ales and its percent of total deaths in
2012 were as follows8
$1' 5alignant neoplas+s%%2&14
$1' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%(&4
$3' :neu+onia%%(24
Page. 0
$0' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%014
$(' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%04
$)' Diabetes +ellitus%%3&4
$2' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%124
$&' .ypertensi#e diseases%%2)4
$10' Intentional self%har+ $suicide'%%2(4
As shown in ?igure (, four causes of the ten leading cause for +ales
increased in standardi*ed death rate $in =uadrant I and I@', including
hypertensi#e diseases, diseases of heart, pneu+onia, and intentional self%har+
$suicide', while others decreased $in =uadrant II and III'
VI. The standardized mortality rate for females decreased by 2'"
compared %ith 2001.
In 2012, the nu+ber of deaths for fe+ales was (0,(2( The standardi*ed
+ortality was 1103 deaths per 100,000 population, which was a fall of 104
fro+ 2011, and a fall of 22(4 fro+ 2001
In 2012, eight of the ten leading causes for fe+ales re+ained the sa+e as in
2011 Chronic lower respiratory diseases, the 10th causes in 2011, e6changed
with septice+ia, the &th cause in 2011, beca+e the &th cause in 2012
The 10 leading cause of death for fe+ales and its percentage of total deaths
in 2012 were as follows8
Page. (
$1' 5alignant neoplas+s%%2)4
$1' Diabetes +ellitus%%))4
$3' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%)(4
$0' :neu+onia%%0&4
$(' .ypertensi#e diseases%%314
$)' !ephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis%%134
$&' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%2)4
$10' Aeptice+ia%%204
As shown in ?igure ), three causes of the ten leading cause for fe+ales
increased in standardi*ed death rate $in =uadrant I and I@', including
hypertensi#e diseases , septice+ia and pneu+onia, while others decreased $in
=uadrant II and III'
VII. Infant mortality rate %as '.( ) in 2012* a '+.&" decrease from
2001.
A consistent downward trend was obser#ed in infant +ortality rate and
neonatal +ortality rate
In 2012, there were 2(0 infant deaths $under 1 year of age' registered, gi#ing
Page. )
a rate of 1) per 1,000 li#e births The infant death rate decreased 23 deaths per
1,000 li#e births or by 1&34 fro+ 2001 to 2012 The infant death rate for +ales
was 30 per 1,000 li#e births, slightly higher than the rate for fe+ales, 11 per
1,000 li#e births
There were 012 deaths of infants aged 0%2) days in 2012, gi#e a neonatal
+ortality rate of (2( per 1,000 li#e births The rate decreased 11 deaths per
1,000 li#e births or by 11( fro+ 2001 to 2012
The +aternal +ortality rate was 20 deaths per 100,000 li#e birth, a 2214
higher than the rate in 2001
The 0 leading causes of death for infant were responsible for 0334 of total
infant deaths The causes and its percent of total infant deaths were as follows8
$1' Diseases of the s<in and subcutaneous tissue%%22(4
$2' Accidental falls%%1024
$1' Accidental poisoning%%(4
$0' Accidental drowning and sub+ersion %%3&4
Co+pared with 2002, as shown in ?igure &, 2 of 10 leading causes for infants
increased both in its crude death rate and percent of total infant deaths $in
=uadrant I', including Infections specifc to the perinatal period and Audden
infant death syndro+e /n the contrary, 1 of 10 causes decreased both in its
crude death rate and percent of total infant deaths $in =uadrant III', including
respiratory disorders originating in the perinatal period, accidents and ad#erse
e;ects and pneu+onia, while the rate for pneu+onia decreased the +ost by
Page. 2
3224
VIII. ,ccidents and adverse e-ects %as still the most common case for
decedents aged 1.1&.
There were 0(2 deaths aged 1%13 in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of 1)1 per
100,000 population which was a 3 deaths lower per 100,000 population or 104
lower than the rate of 2001
B6cept Typhoon 5ora<ot in 200&, the crude rate for the age group 1%13
continued its long%ter+ decreasing trend, which was )024 lower than the rate of
1&21 and 11&4 lower than the rate of 2001
The 3 leading causes of death for those aged 1%13 were responsible for
0334 of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as follows8
$1' Congenital +alfor+ations, defor+ations and chro+oso+al
abnor+alities%%234
Page. &
Co+pared with 2001, as shown in ?igure 10, 0 of 10 leading cause for those
aged 1%13 increased in its crude death rate $shown in =uadrant I', of which
Diseases of the +usculos<eletal syste+ and connecti#e tissue, intentional self%
har+, and assault $ho+icide' increased signifcantly by 2(1)4, 10(4 and
10(4 respecti#ely /#er the sa+e period, accidents and ad#erse e;ects
decreased in its crude rate the +ost by (014, and its percent of deaths by
1034
IX. ,ccidents and adverse e-ects and intentional self.harm /sicide0
Page. 10
%ere the 2 most common for those aged 15.2&* combined
acconting for 60".
There were 1,130 deaths aged 10%23 in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of 31( per
100,000 population In long ter+, death rates for those aged 10%23 declined
consistently by (124 fro+ 1&21 to 2012 or 1()4 fro+ 2001 to 2012
The 1 leading causes of death for those aged 10%23 were responsible for
3(14 of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as follows8
$1' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%3(14
$2' Intentional self%har+ $suicide' %% 13(4
$1' 5alignant neoplas+s %% 11(4
aged 10%23 increased in its crude death rate $shown in =uadrant I', of which the
rate .I@ increased the +ost signifcantly by +ore than )004 and the percent of
total deaths for intentional self%har+ increased the +ost by )3 percent /#er the
sa+e period, accidents and ad#erse e;ects and assault $ho+icide' decreased
both in crude death rate and percent of total deaths $shown in =uadrant III'
Page. 11
X. #alignant neoplasms %as the 1o.1 2iller for those aged 25.&&.
There were &,2&2 deaths aged 20%33 in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of 112(
per 100,000 population The death rate decreased by 204 co+pared the rate of
2001
The 0 leading causes of death for those aged 20%33 were responsible for (24
of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as follows8
$2' Intentional self%har+ $suicide'%%11&4
$1' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%11(4
$3' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%&14
$0' Diseases of heart $e6cept hypertensi#e diseases'%%)24
Page. 12
aged 20%33 increased in its crude death rate $shown in =uadrant I' while others
decreased $shown in =uadrant II and III' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects had the
signifcant decrease in crude death rate by 3()4
XI. #alignant neoplasms %as the 1o.1 2iller for those aged &5.6&.
There were 10,20( deaths aged 30%(3 in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of 01)1
per 100,000 population The death rate decreased by 104 co+pared the rate of
2001
Page. 11
The 0 leading causes of death for those aged 30%(3 were responsible for
3234 of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as follows8
$2' Diseases of heart $e6cept hypertensi#e diseases'%%&4
$1' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%(14
$3' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%(4
$0' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%004
aged 30%(3 increased in crude death rate and percent of total deaths $shown in
=uadrant I' while 0 causes decreased both in crude death rate and percent of
total deaths $shown in =uadrant III' including accidents and ad#erse e;ects,
cerebro#ascular diseases and diabetes +ellitus which showed less e;ect
Page. 13
3II. The crde death rate for the age grop 65 and over declined by
1.6" throghot 2001 to 2012.
The decedents aged (0 and o#er accounted for (224 of total deaths The
crude death rate for the age showed a persistent downward trend, especially for
the age group of (0%)3 with a fall of o#er 004 co+pared with the rate in 1&21
There were 100,&0) deaths aged (0 and o#er in 2012, gi#ing a crude rate of
3,1102 per 100,000 population The death rate decreased by 1(4 co+pared
the rate of 2001
The 10 leading causes of death for those aged (0 and o#er were responsible
for )224 of total deaths The causes and its percent of total deaths were as
Page. 10
follows8
$1' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%214
$3' :neu+onia%%)&4
$0' Diabetes +ellitus%%(&4
$(' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%0(4
$)' .ypertensi#e diseases%%34
$2' !ephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis%%114
$&' Aeptice+ia%%2&4
aged (0 and o#er increased in crude death rate and percent of total deaths
$shown in =uadrant I' while 0 causes decreased both in crude death rate and
percent of total deaths $shown in =uadrant III' and cerebro#ascular diseases
decreased +ost signifcantly
Page. 1(
XIII. #alignant neoplasms
a. Lung and liver cancer were still the 2 leading causes of cancer
death in 2012.
The nu+ber of deaths caused by cancer$+alignant neoplas+s' was 31,((0,
accounting for 2234 of total deaths, gi#ing a 1111 deaths per 100,000 standard
population, which was 0)4 lower than the rate of 2011 and 224 lower than the
rate of 2001
5alignant neoplas+s has been the 1st leading cause since 1&22 The
standardi*ed +ortality rate for +alignant neoplas+s was 112&
0
C
0000
in 1&2(,
pea<ing in1&&) at 1331
0
C
0000 ,
starting a downtrend trend since then, and at
1111
0
C
0000
in 2012
Page. 1)
As shown in ?igure 22, the percent of total deaths for +alignant neoplas+s
increased 123 percent fro+ 1(04 in 1&21 to 223 in 2012 The percent of total
deaths were consistently greater for +ales than fe+ales
As shown in ?igure 21, the ten leading causes of cancer death were sorted
into ran< order according to crude death rate
Page. 12
Co+pared with 2001, as shown in ?igure 23, 0 of 10 leading cause of cancer
death showed an increase in standardi*ed death rate $shown in =uadrant I and
I@' and cancer of oral ca#ity showed a signifcant increase of 1024 0 other
causes showed a decline in standardi*ed +ortality rate /n the other hand,
causes decreased in standardi*ed death rate $shown in =uadrant II and III' ,
especially for cancers of cer#i6 uteri and uterus, part unspecifed $ a fall of
03(4'
b. The standardized mortality for females increased over the
Page. 1&
previous year.
There were 2),2)0 +ale decedents and 1(,1&0 decedents due to cancer,
gi#ing a age%ad,usted rate of 1)03 and &01 deaths per 100,000 population
respecti#ely The +ale%to%fe+ale ratio for the age%ad,usted rate was 12 The rate
for +ales decreased by 11 deaths fro+ 2011, and 100 deaths fro+ 2001 per
100,000 population, while the rate for fe+ales increased by 1) deaths fro+
2011, and 100 deaths fro+ 2001 per 100,000 population
Co+pared the 10 leading causes of cancer death for +ales and fe+ales in
2012, the biggest se6 di;erence was obser#ed in cancer of oesophagus and
cancer of oral ca#ity, gi#ing a ratio of +ale%to%fe+ale standardi*ed rate at 131
and 111, while the ratio was 11>22 for other causes
Page. 20
c. The median age at death improved for most cancer causes
between 2001 and 2012.
The a#erage age at cancer death was ()) years in 2012, a 20 year higher
than the 2001 age The +edian age at cancer death was )00 years in 2012,
gi#ing a 2%year increase fro+ 2001 /#er the sa+e period, +edian age for +en
increased 1 year and 2 years for wo+en
Ahown as Table 2, 0 out of 10 causes of cancer deaths had higher +edian
age at death than o#erall )0%year +edian age, and itDs worth noting cancer of
breast$fe+ale', cancer of oral ca#ity, cancer of oesophagus had a relati#e low
+edian age at death lower than (0 years
Co+pared with 2001, +ost cancers e6perienced a i+pro#e+ent in +edian
age at death, e6cept cancer of oesophagus, cancers of cer#i6 uteri and uterus,
part unspecifed and cancer of pancreas
d. The decrease in standardized mortality rate was more signicant
for females than males.
The standardi*e +ortality rate for cancer was 1111 per 100,000 population,
gi#ing a 112 or 224 decrease, while the rate for +ales decreased 0)4 and
fe+ales decreased 2)4
Co+pared with 2001, the decline in standardi*ed +ortality were signifcant
for cancers of cer#i6 uteri and uterus $a 02(4 fall' and cancer of sto+ach$a
13)4 fall' 7ung and bile cancer were 2 leading cancer cause but showed a
decline in standardi*ed +ortality of 1034 and 11(4 respecti#ely ItDs worth
noting that the rate for cancer of oral ca#ity increased 20)4 throughout 2001 to
2012
Page. 21
XIV. The death rate for accidents and adverse e-ects has sho%n a
consistent do%n%ard trend.
There were (,2)1 deaths for accidents and ad#erse e;ects in 2012, gi#ing a
212 deaths per 100,000 standard population Co+pared with 2001, the nu+ber
of deaths decreased 2,(30 deaths while age%standardi*ed rate decreased 1))
deaths per 100,000 standard population
In long ter+, the death rate for accidents and ad#erse e;ects has shown a
consistent downward trend e6cept &21 earth=ua<e in 1&&& and Typhoon 5ora<ot
in 200& The standardi*ed death rate declined ()24 fro+ )1& deaths in 1&21 to
212 deaths per 100,000 population in 2012
Co+pared with 2001, the percent of total accident deaths by detail groupings
in 2012 in creased for accidental poisoning and accidental falls by 334 and 004
respecti#ely, but decreased for accidental drowning and transport accidents by
104 and 014
Page. 22
3$. Intentional self.harm /sicide0
a. The number of deaths for intentional self!harm increased for
females but decreased for males throughout 2001!2012 period.
There were 1,)(( deaths for intentional self%har+ in 2012, gi#ing a ran<ing of
11th The age%ad,usted rate was 111 per 100,000 population, 1124 higher than
the rate of 2001
b. The standardized death rates of suicide were consistently
greater for males than females
Intentional self%har+ caused 1,)(( deaths in 2012, of which (04 were +ales
and 104 were fe+ales, and ran<ed 10th and 12th for +ales and fe+ales
respecti#ely The +ale%to%fe+ale ratio of crude death rate was 12
Page. 21
The standardi*ed +ortality was 1)0 deaths per 100,000 population for
+ales, and &1 deaths for fe+ales Eoth the rate for +ales and fe+ales increased
co+pared with the rate of 2001, and rate for fe+ales increased +ore than rate
for +ales
c. The death rate of suicide was on a rise with age
/#er the past few decades, death rates of suicide rose with age A+ong age%
specifc death rates of suicide, the highest was of persons aged o#er (0 years for
12( deaths per 100,000, followed by those aged 30%(3 years for 20( deaths per
100,000, and persons aged 20%33 years for 123 deaths per 100,000
Page. 23
Co+pared with 2001, the death rate increased for age group (0 and o#er
increased, while the death rate re+ained or decreased for other age groups
3$I. 4otential years of life lost
a. "verage potential years of life was 1#.$ years in 2012, a 2.%!year
fall from 2001.
The potential years of life lost under age )0 $:F77, see8 Table 3Ds note 1' was
1,021,012 person%years, 1024 lower than the :F77 of 2001, and the a#erage
years of life lost $AF77, see8 Table 3Ds note 2' was 1)0 years, with a decline of 21
years co+pared with the #alue of 2001
The :F77 for +ales was )10,10& person%years and for fe+ales was 110,&01
persons years, while the AF77 was 1))$a fall of 21 years fro+ 2001' and 1)1$a
fall of 22 years fro+ 2001' years respecti#ely
Page. 20
b. "ccidents and adverse e&ects, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
and diseases of heart had the highest value for "'LL.
The AF77 for 10 leading causes were as follow8
$1' 5alignant neoplas+s%%133 years
$2' Diseases of heart $e6cept hypertensi#e diseases'%%10 years
$1' Cerebro#ascular diseases%%112 years
$3' :neu+onia%%11( years
$0' Diabetes +ellitus%%113 years
$(' Accidents and ad#erse e;ects%%2(3 years
$)' Chronic lower respiratory diseases%%10( years
$2' .ypertensi#e diseases%%120 years
$&' Chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis%%12) years
$10' !ephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and nephrosis%%11& years
Co+pared with 2001, accidents and ad#erse e;ects, pneu+onia, +alignant
neoplas+s, chronic lower respiratory diseases, nephritis, nephrotic syndro+e and
nephrosis, and chronic li#er disease and cirrhosis declined in AF77 $shown in
Table 3'
Page. 2(
c. (alignant neoplasms had a "'LL at 1).) years, which was 1.0 year
lower than 2001.
The total :F77 for +alignant neoplas+ was 111,&20 person%years, 13( 4
higher than the #alue of 2001, and the AF77 was 133 years, with a decline of 10
year co+pared with the #alue of 2001
The AF77 for the 10 leading causes of cancer death were as follows8
$1' Cancers of trachea, bronchus and lung%%112 years
$2' Cancers of li#er and intrahepatic bile ducts%%111 years
$1' Cancers of colon, rectu+ and anus%%11) years
$3' Cancer of breast$?e+ale'%%1(2 years
Page. 2)
$0' Cancer of oral ca#ity%%1() years
$(' Cancer of sto+ach%%131 years
$)' Cancer of prostate%%(2 years
$2' Cancer of pancreas%%11& years
$&' Cancer of oesophagus%%101 years
$10' Cancers of cer#i6 uteri and uterus, part unspecifed%%10& years
Co+pared with 2001, cancer of trachea, bronchus and lung, cancer of
pancreas and cancer of oesophagus had a higer #alue of AF77, while other had a
lower #alue of AF77
d. "'LL was 2*.) years for accidents and adverse e&ects and 2$.#
years for intentional self!harm +suicide,.
Accidents and ad#erse e;ects had a AF77 at 2(3 years, and 2)0 for +ales
and 23( years for fe+ales Co+pared with the #alue in 2001, a fall of 3), 31
and (0 years for both se6es, +ales and fe+ales separately was obser#ed in
2012 ?or the detail grouping of accidents and ad#erse e;ect as shown in Table (,
accidental drowning and sub+ersion had the highest #alue of AF77 at 2&0 while
accidental falls had lowest #alue at 1&& years Co+pared with 2001, the AF77
decreased for all groupings of accidents and ad#erse e;ects, and accidents
caused by fre and Ga+es decreased the +ost by &0 years
The AF77 for intentional self%har+ $suicide' was 20) years, 202 years for
+ales and 2(0 for fe+ales Co+pared with 2001, the AF77 decreased by 0(
year, and by 0& year and 01 year for +ales and fe+ale respecti#ely
Page. 22
Page. 2&

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