MJBS Science 6th

UNIT 2: NUTRITION II
The circulation of blood.
What did William Harvey discover? That the heart pumps the blood through the
arteries. The blood returns to the heart, through the veins, in a circulatory movement.
What is the scientific method? Harvey did not record his findings until he could prove
them, this practice is known as the scientific method.
Respiration and excretion.
1 What is respiration?
(Explain in your own words what this diagram shows. Page 13)
During respiration our body obtains oxygen and expels carbon dioxide. When cells combine
oxygen with nutrients and obtain energy it is called cellular respiration. During this process,
carbon dioxide is produced.
2 The respiratory system.
What does the respiratory system consist of? Explain.
The air passageways: are tubes through which air goes in and out of our bodies.
Include: nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
Lungs: are two organs where the gas exchange takes place. They are in the thoracic
cavity which is formed by the sternum, ribs and spinal column.
3 Respiration.
Explain what happens during inhalation.
The lungs and the thoracic cavity expand.
When we breathe in, air enters through the nostrils and goes to the pharynx. From
there it goes to the larynx and trachea. The trachea is divided into two bronchi
connected to each lung. Inside the lung each bronchi is divided into bronchioles and at
the end we find the alveoli. Here gas exchange occurs, this means that the oxygen
passes into the blood and the carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the air to be
expelled.
Explain the difference between inhalation and exhalation.
MJBS Science 6th
The difference is that during inhalation the lungs and thoracic cavity expands, we
breathe oxygen from the air and during exhalation the lungs and thoracic cavity
contract pushing the air with carbon dioxide out of our body.
4 Excretion.
What is the difference between excretion and elimination of faeces?
The difference is that substances contained in faeces have not passed into the blood
and excretion means that the waste substances pass into the blood.
5 The excretory system.
(Diagram of the excretory system. Page 14). Explain how the excretory system works.
Kidneys filter the blood and retain waste substances which make up urine. The ureters carry
urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores the urine until it is expelled from the
body through the urethra.
What is the excretory system made up of? The kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
6. Sweat and sweat glands.
Why are the sweat glands parts of the excretory system? Because they consist of
water but also salts and a small amount of waste substances.
How do the sweat glands work? Sweat is a liquid our body secretes when our body is
hot or we make lots of exercise. It is formed in the sweat glands of the skin, are made
up of a ball-shaped coil in the inner layer of the skin.
The circulatory system
1 Blood
What is blood made up of? Blood is made up of plasma (the liquid part), and blood
cells (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets).
Why is red the blood? Because of the red blood cells which make the blood red.
Which cells do protect the body from illnesses? White blood cells.
What is coagulation? When you have a wound and platelets attach to the walls of
blood vessels.
2 Blood vessels.
Which are the types of blood vessels? Arteries, veins and capillaries.
MJBS Science 6th
What is the difference between arteries and veins? The difference is that arteries carry
blood away from the heart and veins carry blood to the heart.
3 The heart.
What is the difference between atria and ventricles regarding the blood? In the case of
atria, blood from the veins enters the heart and in the ventricles blood leaves the
heart and travel through arteries.
What is the function of valves? A valve connects each atrium to the ventricle on the
same side of the heart. They control the direction of blood circulation from the atria to
the ventricles.
Blood circulation
1 What is blood circulation?
What is blood circulation? The constant movement of blood through the blood vessels
and around the body. It distributes nutrients, releases oxygen and picks up waste
substances.
What is the difference between systole and diastole? Systole is the contraction
whereas diastole is the relaxation that makes the blood enter the heart through the
veins (diastole) and also flow to the arteries (in the case of systole).
2. Pulmonary circulation
Explain the diagram of pulmonary circulation.
It is the movement of blood between the heart and lungs. This movement takes in oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide. Blood enters the right atrium through the superior vena cava, and
from there to the right atrium. Then, blood circulates through the pulmonary arteries to get
oxygen, and then oxygenated blood enters the left ventricle through pulmonary veins and goes
to the left atrium and the aorta to release the blood.
Explain the diagram of systemic circulation.
Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aorta.
It passes through all the body organs releasing oxygen and nutrients.
It returns to the right atrium through the vena cava.