í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 13 -´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

2. Let my advice be followed- correct.

Q. 1. ' ¶µ«≥ƒ äéπ\-≤ƒJ îÁ°œpûË
(My advice should be followed is the pas-
´çü¿-≤ƒ®Ω’x îÁ°œp-†õ‰x.— Ñ sive of "You should follow my advice")
¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ
3. Poems/ Verses/ Compositions/ Pieces of
îÁ§ƒpL? poetry.
2. Follow my advice.
4. 'He exclaimed that it was a
®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
passive My
very beautiful building'
DEE ™ ÅØ√L.
advice should be fol-
5. Antecedent: äéπ sentence/ clause/ phrase
lowed ÅE ®√ßÁ·î√a?
Let my advice be
™ äéπ ´÷ô†’ í∫’Jç* îÁ°æ‹h, Ç ´÷ô ¢Á†-éπ-
™‰ü∆ ´îËa ÉçéÓ ´÷ô, ´·êuçí¬ äéπ pronoun.
followed
a) He stopped the ball and threw it at the
ÅØ√™«?
The teacher spoke to the students about the
3. 'éπN-ûª©’—– ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? stumps. sentence Q. 1. I am talking èπ◊, I am speaking èπ◊ ûËú≈ exams= teacher
Ñ ™
¶µ«≥ƒ äéπ\-≤ƒJ îÁ°œpûË ..
4. What a beautiful build- ball, it antecedent (It,
èπ◊ àN’öÀ? ®√†’†o °æK-éπ~© í∫’Jç* Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©ûÓ
ing is it! He
DEE ball †’ í∫’Jç* îÁ§ÚhçC 2. ؈’ Fèπ◊ ÆœE´÷ îª÷°œ-≤ƒh†’. DEE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ I
´÷ö«x - ú ≈®Ω ’ . (Çߪ ’ † ´÷ö«x - ú ø í ¬ Nü∆u- ® Ω ’ n © ’ NØ√o®Ω’)
We talked about our school days = ´÷ •úÕ
exclaimed that what a éπü∆?) will show you a film ÅØ√™«? I will take you
a film ÅØ√™«? - VD Anand, Koppole
beautiful building it was
ÅE ®√ßÁ·î√a? b) She gave me a book which was very
®ÓV© í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊Ø√oç. (Ééπ\úø Ö†o ¢√∞¡xç-
A. 1) Speak ´·êu-¢Á ’i†
interesting.
ü¿®Ω÷ ´÷ö«x-úÕ-†ô’x). Ñ
5. Grammar ™ antecedent Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
í∫’Jç* formal í¬ á´-J-ûÓ-ØÁjØ√ Speak - talk Ææspeak çü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ talk •ü¿’©’
DE™ N≠æ-ߪ÷©
- KSR, Marturu which (pronoun) èπ◊,
book antecedent. ´÷ö«x-úøôç. Speak Åçõ‰ ´÷ö«x-úø’- ¢√úø™‰ç éπü∆?
A. 1. If Bhasha says so 2) I will show you a film, correct é¬ü¿’. I will take
once, he has said it èπ◊ç-ô’-†o-¢√-J™ äéπ®Ω’ N’í∫û√ ¢√∞¡x-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ you to a film, correct.
a hundred times/ If ´÷ö«x-úø-û√®Ω’. Talk, á°æ¤púø÷ ´·êu N≠æ-ߪ÷©
I will show you a film Åçõ‰ Ç film †’ (cine-
Bhasha says so
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
í∫’JçîË é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. 鬩-Íé~-§ƒ-EéÀ éÌçûª-´’çC
´·îªa-ö«x-úø’-éÓ-´úøç, Ææ綵«-≠œç--éÓ-´úøç talk Å´¤- ma †’) O’®Ω’ B¨»®Ω’, ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ îª÷°œ-≤ƒh-®ΩØË Å®Ωnç
once, it is saying so 432 ûª’çC. Speak É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©èπ◊ ¢√úøç. ´Ææ ’hçC.
a hundred times. M.SURESAN

Q. 1) But then they have b) They robbed him of

T hey have had their her oes too

had their heroes too. his watch and chain =
Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Å®Ωnç, Have, ¢√∞¡x-ûªúÕ watch-†’, íÌ©’-
had ©†’ °æéπ\-°æ-éπ\ØË Ö°æ- Ææ’†’ ™«èπ◊\-Ø√o®Ω’.
ßÁ÷-Tç-*† -éÌEo ¢√é¬u©’ 3) ÉC î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x
b) He has had this car for a year a) He got the permission
ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’. N´-Jçî√ç. ÅC ¢√úø’éπ
2) Sports & Games, get - obtain, now = car
É™«çöÀ¢√öÀ™x äÍé-≤ƒJ áèπ◊\-´-´’çC (usage). English ´÷ûª%-¶µ«≠æí¬ éπ©-
í∫ûª Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωçí¬ Åûª-úÕéà b) He obtains the permission =
steal - rob §ƒ™Ô_ç-ö«®Ω’, áèπ◊\´ (È®çúÕç-öÀ-éπçõ‰)
car
¶µ‰ü¿ç -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
3) I am a student, aren't I? ques-
ÖçC (ÅûªúŒ †’ éπLT ÖØ√oúø’) áèπ◊\´ team ©’ §ƒ™Ô_-†-´îª’a– É™«ç- Åûªúø’ ņ’-´’A §Òçü∆úø’. Å®·ûË, ¢√∞¡Ÿx Å™« Åçö«®Ω’ 鬕öÀd, Åçü¿®Ω÷
c) He has just had his dinner =
™
tion tag aren't I èπ◊ áçü¿’-éÌ-Ææ’hçC? öÀN sports. Å™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, äÍé-≤ƒJ, obtain î√™« ví¬çC∑éπç. Å™«ØË ÅØ√L.
Åûª-úÕ-°æ¤púË ¶µçîË-¨»úø’. a) He got his degree iv) FLOCCINAUCINIHILIPILIFICA-
4) Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u, È®çúø’ ïô’x ´÷vûª¢Ë’
TION (29 letters- Longest non
Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ™ ÅA-°ü¿l °æü¿ç àN’öÀ? Ééπ\úø tense - present perfect form:
5) §ƒ™Ô_ØË véÃúø©’– Tennis, football, b) He obtained his degree
technical word)
؈’ E†’o vÊ°N’-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅE îÁ°æp-ú≈- Have/ has + pp of 'have' (had)
EéÀ I love you Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí ؈’ cricket ™«çöÀN, games. b)
v) I am friends with you/ I am your
v¨¡´’ Öçü¿E ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.
2) È®çúÕç-öÀéà ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé Å®Ωnç, véÃúø, get = §Òçü¿úøç = obtain. Å®·ûË
FûÓ ÊÆo£æ«ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅE ᙫ Steal friend. Love verb
îÁ§ƒpL? véÃú≈ éπ™«-§ƒ-©-Eoç-öÀF éπL°œ sports get, ´÷´‚©’ spoken form,
Åçõ‰ üÌçT-Lç-îªúøç. äéπ-JéÀ (vÊ°´’) èπ◊
ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√∞¡x ´Ææ’h´¤ Åvéπ-´’çí¬ form love
- V Purushotham, Ammakkapeta obtain ví¬çC∑éπç. Éçé¬ get =
Åçö«ç. Å®·ûË ´÷´‚-©’í¬ äÍé- (vÊ°-N’ç-îª-úøç) -™«í¬
friend verb form
A.
BÊÆ-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç (®Ω£æ«-Ææuçí¬). (ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-úø’) èπ◊
1) Å®·Ø√ ¢√-∞¡xheroes ¢√∞¡xèπÿ (Éçûª- ≤ƒJ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u/ È®çúø’ ïôx ´’üµ¿u §Òçü¿úøç/ ûÁa-éÓ-´úøç/ Ææ秃-Cç--
´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, áèπ◊\-´-´’çC ´’üµ¿u éÓ-´úøç/ BÆæ’-èπ◊- ®√-´úøç. obtain= Rob= üÓ°œúÕ îËߪ’úøç– äéπJ ´Ææ’h´¤ ™‰ü¿’, ÊÆo£æ«ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅØË
´-®Ωèπÿ) ÖØ√o®Ω’.
äÍé-≤ƒJ ïJÍí §ÚöÃ-©†’ sports Å®ΩnçûÓ. Be friend ÅE ÖçC,
a) I have had three cups of coffee §Òçü¿úøç ´÷vûª¢Ë’, ÅC èπÿú≈ •©-´ç-ûªçí¬, üˆ®Ω-b†uçí¬ ™«éÓ\-´úøç.
so far = 3 cups
É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ ؈’ Åçö«®Ω’. Running race (°æ®Ω’í∫’ v°æߪ’ûªo °∂æL-ûªçí¬. Get ™ a) He stole my pen= Ø√ pen üÌçT- Å®·ûË ü∆EéÀ– äéπ-JûÓ ÊÆo£æ«ç °ô’d-
of coffee û√T ÖØ√o†’. °æçüÁç), high jump, long jump- v°æߪ’ûªoç ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. compare: Lç-î√úø’. éÓ-´úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.

Q. Be form + participle éπ-LÆœ V3, -Å-™«Íí Be form + ing éπ-LÆœ V4 Q. Man, person, candidate- OöÀE ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ Q. 1. As, Although; 2. But, also - -O-öÀéÀ Ææç-•ç-Cµç-* -Ø√-©’í∫’
Å-´¤-û√®· éπ-ü∆. é¬-E– ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ö«úø’, îËÆæ÷h ÖçúÕ Öçö«úø’, ´Ææ÷h ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. - M.Satyanarayana, Hyderabad. Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©-†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. - K. Sandhya, Chirala
Öçö«úø’ ™«çöÀ clear í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’E verbs èπ◊ -Ñ ÅÆæ-´÷-°æéπ -véÀ-ߪ÷ A. Man= ´’í∫-¢√úø’.
®Ω÷§ƒEo -á-™« ¢√úøû√ç? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. - P Janaki Rao, Salur A. 1. __ it was raining we went out, 2. We went out __ it was
He is a handsome man= Åûªúø’ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† ¢√úø’. raining. sentences although cor-
A. V3 Åçõ‰ØË Past Participle éπü∆? Å™«Íí Íé´©ç '...ing' form ØË V4
Ñ È®çúø’ ™ èπÿú≈, äéπõ‰
Man= rect; Although= Although it was raining=
Man - person
´’E≠œ. Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ,
Åçö«®Ω’. Strictly speaking (correct í¬ Å®·ûË) Past Participle Man is mortal= ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-
(V3), Present Participle (V4)- ing form verbs 鬴¤. O’®Ω-†oô’x ÅN
ÅÆæ-´÷-°æéπ (Non finite) verbs.
´’E-≠œéÀ ´’®Ω-ùÀçîË °æp-öÀéÃ. È®çúø’ As, Although; But, also
¢ÁR}-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ö«úø’ = He must have gone. be for m + ..
Ææy¶µ«´ç ÖçC (Ééπ\úø Man= ´’E≠œ= ´÷†-´¤©’= °æ¤®Ω’-≠æfl©’, sentences
Æ‘Y©’ éπL°œ). Å®·ûË ´’í∫, Çúø-¢√-∞¡x†’ í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊, èπÿ Å®Ωnç 1) ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-°æp-öÃéà ¢Ë’ç •ßª’-öÀ-Èé∞«xç. 2) •ßª’-öÀ-
îËÆæ÷h ÖçúÕ Öçö«úø’ = He must have been doing it. man É°æ¤púø’ ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’. Èé∞«xç ¢Ë’ç, ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-°æp-öÀéÃ. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ üËE™ èπÿú≈ As
´Ææ÷h Öçö«úø’ = He must be coming. No man can live for ever= á´y®Ω’ èπÿú≈ ¨»¨¡y-ûªçí¬ ®√ü¿’. As= Åç-ü¿’-´©x. ÉC ¢√úÕûË ´îËa Å®Ωnç: ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†oç-ü¿’-
°j sentences ™ verb - must have + pp, would have been + á©x-鬩ç @Nç-îª-™‰®Ω’– Ééπ\úø no man Åçõ‰ à ´’í∫-¢√-úÁjØ√ ÅE ´©x •ßª’-öÀ-Èé∞«}ç ÅE. -D-EéÀ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’-éπü∆.
ing, and must be + ing. Ñ sentences ™ Íé´©ç past participle, é¬ü¿’ éπü∆, Çúø-¢√∞¡Ÿx èπÿú≈ ÅE. °j† îÁ°œp-†ô’x, Çú≈ ´’í¬ You can't eat the cake and have it too- ÉC English ≤ƒ¢Á’ûª
Íé´©ç present participle ¢√úø-™‰-ü¿’-éπü∆. ¢√öÀ-´·çü¿’ 'be' form, must Éü¿lKo ÖüËl-Pç* îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ñ ®ÓV™x man ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’. = Å¢√y 鬢√L, •’¢√y 鬢√L Åçõ‰ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’ ÅE. DEo O’J-
have + pp form ™ ÖØ√o®·. ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ö«úø’. îËÆæ÷h ÖçúÕ Öçö«úø’, Å™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx ¢√úË-´÷ô person= ´uéÀh (°æ¤®Ω’-≠æflúø’/ Æ‘Y) *a† È®çúø’ sentences ™†÷, sentence *´®Ω too ¢√úø-ô¢Ë’
´Ææ÷h Öçö«úø’– ÉN Non finite verbs (ÅÆæ-´÷-°æéπ véÀߪ’©’) 鬴¤. Man doesn't live for ever- ÉC old fashioned. É°æ¤púø’ correct. Sentence No.1 ™ èπÿú≈ How can you eat the
áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Ñ verbs ÅN ûÁLÊ° °æE-é¬-™«Eo (past) éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰- îÁÊ°p-B®Ω’: A person doesn't live for ever= à ´uéÃh á©x-鬩ç cake and have it too? ņ-úø¢Ë’ ÆæJ. (cake A†-ØÁjØ√ AØ√L,
Ææ’h-Ø√o®· éπü∆. O’®Ω’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçC– Íé´©ç past participle èπÿ, @Nç-Ω’. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Öç-éÓ-ØÁjØ√ Öç-éÓ-¢√L. cake †’ Açô÷ ÅC Å®·-
be form + past participle/ have/ has/ had, etc + pp èπÿ Ö†o ûËú≈, Candidate = ŶµºuJn. (áEoéπ, °æKéπ~, áç°œ-éπ-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ §Ú-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ ᙫ? ÅE Å®Ωnç).
2) Íé´©ç '...ing' form èπÿ, be form + ing form èπÿ Ö†o ûËú≈. Íé´©ç §ÚöÃ-îËÊÆ)
'pp' (V3), Íé´©ç '...ing' form, verbs 鬴¤. Past participle ®Ω÷§ƒEo
¢√úøû√ç, é¬F, verb í¬ é¬ü¿’.
eg: a) The book given to him- Åûª-E-éÀ-´y-•-úÕ† °æ¤Ææhéπç (Åûª-E-éÀ-*a†
Q. 1. Æ‘´’çûªç, 2, F´¤ èπÿú≈ Ç û√†’ ´·éπ\¢Ë, 2) You are a chip off the old
block- but this expression is
3) No exact equivalent for in English.
¢Ë’†-Jéπç
3. ¢Ë’†-Jéπç. OöÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ Åçö«®Ó The word nearest to is consangni-
¢Ë’†-Jéπç
limited to the
Æ‘-´’ç-û√-Eo -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’? members of a
°æ¤Ææhéπç– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’) ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. ty (blood relation). Consanguineous mar-
b) The song sung at the party= party ™ §ƒúø-•-úÕ† (§ƒúÕ†) §ƒô. ried is the marriage between a young man
- P.B. Bharat, Hyderabad. family.
c) The man talking to the woman (Íé´©ç... ing from) = and a young woman, who are first cousins
A. 1) Æ‘´’ç-ûªçèπ◊ correct í¬ suit ÅßË’u Shaun Pollock is a great
Ç Æ‘YûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o-ûª†’. (having common grand parents). In the
English °æü¿ç ™‰ü¿’– ü∆Eo English ™ cricketer. After all he is a
d) The girl reading the book = °æ¤Ææhéπç îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’†o Å´÷t®· Indian tradition the marriage is
a), b) ©™ Íé´©ç pp, c) d) ™ Íé´©ç '..ing' form ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆,
´Jgç* N´-Jç-î√-LqçüË. (A ceremony in a chip off the old block (His
(¢Ë’†-Jéπç)
between first cousins, one of whom is the
5th/ 7th/ 9th month pregnant woman father Greame Pollock was
é¬E ÅN verbs 鬴¤. is given new bangles etc) also a great cricketer) cousin of the other on the mother's side.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm