DEUTEROMYCOTA

We have seen before that the sexual reproduction of fungi that produce
classified ascus Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is classified that produces the
basidium. However, not all fungi are found in nature have known how sexual
reproduction. There are approximately 1500 species of fungi are not yet known how
sexual reproduction. As a result, scientists cannot put it in the Zygomycota,
Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. The fungus was thus, for the time being classified
Deuteromycota or "mushroom indeterminate" or also called imperfect fungi. So,
Deuteromycota not the actual classification, naming or grouping is to be temporary
because as soon as we find generative breeding for example if there is then according
to the study of this type of fungus known sexual reproduction, it will be included in
the Zygomycota, Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. If the produce askus will be
included in Ascomycota, and if the result will be classified Basidiomycota basidium.
Changes in grouping these mushrooms will change the name of the species. An
example is the fungus oncom. At first, these fungi are classified by the name Monilia
Deuteromycota sitophila. However, when Prof. Dwidjoseputro (deceased) of Malang
Teachers' Training College (now University of Malang) conduct research, it turns out
Monilia sitophilia to perform sexual reproduction and produce askus. The fungus
oncom he put in his name Ascomycota and Neurospora sitophila. Several other fungi
Deuteromycota reclassified into Ascomycota include fungi of the genus Aspergillus,
Candida, and Penicillium. By mycologist, the name was changed to Eurotium genus
Aspergillus, Candida into Pichia, and Penicillium be Talaromyces.
It may well be among the imperfect fungi there is also a loss of the generative
phase in the evolution of, and may also have species that had never had the generative
phase altogether. Most fungal hyphae which have imperfect sectional but there are
also some species that shaped cells often formed pseudomiselium Tung and if the
environment favorable for it.
Characteristic
Group of fungi is not known how the generative reproduction, so called mushroom
imperpekti. Hyphae sectional size and body microscopic. Usually composed of cell
wall chitin or glucan
Life of Cycle
Asexual reproduction by producing conidia or produce specialized hyphae called
conidiophores. The possibility of this mushroom is a fungus growth that pertained to
the Basidiomicetes Ascomycocetes but unknown relationship. Conidia are the spores
produced by forming the transverse bulkhead at the end of the hyphae or by
differentiation and to form more conidia. After cooking, the end of the conidia to
escape.


















Way of life
This fungus is a saprophyte in many types of organic matter, as parasites on
higher plants, and damaging crops and ornamental plants. This fungus also causes
disease in humans, namely dermatokinosis (ringworm and tinea versicolor) and cause
decay in wood. A classic example of this fungus is monilia sitophila, namely fungus
oncom. This fungus is commonly used to manufacture oncom from peanut meal.
Monilia also can grow on bread, food scraps, corn cobs, the milestones - milestones
or burn the remaining grass, konodiumnya very much and orange.
Breeding in a vegetative phase in monilia sp. Discovered by dodge (1927) from the
United States, while the generative phase is found by dwidjoseputro (1961), upon
discovery phase of generative, this fungi kenudian group included ascomycocetes and
renamed as Neurospora sitophilla or Neurospora crassa.
CLASSIFICATION
Since the taxonomy of the fungi by tradition has been based on the type of
sexual spore, the Deuteromycota (Fungi Imperfecti) is a catch-all phylum for fungi in
which sexual reproduction has not been demonstrated. According to Margulis and
Schwartz (1988), this form-phylum has 3 form-classes and 5 form-orders.
1. CLASS BLASTOMYCETES
They are characterized by producing budding, yeast-like cells, with or without
a pseudomycelium. A true mycelium is either lacking or is not well-developed.









ORDER SPOROBOLOMYCETALES
Members of this order produce ballistospores, asexual spores which are
clearly related to basidiospores.
example: Sporobolomyces .

Picture Sporobolomycetales

ORDER CRYPTOCOCCALES
Members of this order produce spores which are not forcibly discharged.
example: Rhodotorula .

Picture Cryptococus sp




2. CLASS HYPHOMYCETES
A true mycelium is well-developed and budding cells are absent; conidia are
borne on conidiophores which are not in a fruiting body; some species produce only
sclerotia. This Form-Class contains only a single Form-Order, MOLINIALES, which
has the characters of the Form-Class.
examples: Sclerotium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria.

Picture Aspergillus sp Picture Penicilium sp
3. CLASS COELOMYCETES
Conidiophores are borne in a fruiting body.
ORDER MELANCONIALES
Conidiophores are borne in an acervulus, a structure which is formed by the
eruption of the fungus through the host epidermis.
example: Colletotrichum .

Picture Melanconiales
ORDER SPHAEROPSIDALES
Conidia are borne in a pycnidium.
examples: Phoma, Septoria

Picture Sphaeropsidales