Int. J. Rock Mech. Mining Sci. Vol . I , pp. 385- 396. Pe r g a mo n Pr es s 1964. Pr i nt e d i n Gr e a t Br i t a i n.

THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF ROCKS

D. W. Ho~as
National Coal Board, Mining Research Establishment, Isleworth, Middlesex
Received 30 September 1963
Abstraet.--Results are given of tensile strength measurements made on rock using the
diametrical compression of a disk with a central hole as a technique for determining tensile
strength. Detailed quantitative information of the variation of the tensile strength with
lamination orientation is given. It is shown that a relationship may exist between the tensile
and compressive strengths of rock.
1. I NTRODUCTI ON
MANY materials r upt ur e when some aspect of stress, such as t he tensile stress or the shear
stress, exceeds a val ue which is characteristic of the material. In t he case of rocks, ot her t han
coal, no systematic measurement of the tensile strength characteristic has been made even
t hough such measurement s woul d be of considerable value since t he tensile strength is
exploited in many mining operat i ons. The strength of r ock is generally described by a
simple uniaxial compressi on test and al t hough failure in this type of test may well be tensile
it does not follow t hat the tensile strength of r ock is closely correl at ed with its uniaxial
compressive strength.
A number of techniques [1-3] have been used t o det ermi ne t he tensile strength of coal.
These techniques, which have been summari zed in a paper by EVANS [4], are
(i) t he convent i onal tensile test in which samples are subjected t o a uni f or m tensile pull,
(ii) bendi ng tests in which tensile stresses are set up by appl yi ng a bendi ng moment t o
t he sample,
(iii) t he i ndent at i on test in whi ch a square of coal is l oaded symmet ri cal l y at opposi t e
end faces by a pai r of flat indenters,
(iv) t he di amet ri cal compressi on of a solid disk.
These met hods have the di sadvant age t hat t hey are applicable t o relatively few r ock
types. The appl i cat i on of met hod (i) is limited because of t he difficulty of prepari ng suitably
shaped specimens and t he appl i cat i on of met hods (ii), (iii), and (iv) is limited because of
the high shear stresses set up close t o the l oadi ng pieces. Fig. 1 illustrates t he t ype of failure
observed f or many r ock types in the solid disk test.
It has been shown [5] t hat a satisfactory t echni que f or det ermi ni ng t he tensile strength
of many rocks is the di amet ri cal compressi on of a disk wi t h a small cent ral hole. Thi s
t echni que has been used in t he present wor k and has t he following advantages.
(i) it is a direct tensile test,
(ii) sPecimens can be pr epar ed f r om t he same cores as the specimens f or t he compressi on
tests,
(iii) t he same testing machi ne can be used f or bot h tensile and compressi on tests,
(iv) measurement s can easily be made of t he tensile st rengt h at a number of ori ent at i ons
t o the l ami nat i ons and,
(v) fai l ure starts away f r om t he l oadi ng platens.
385
386 D. W. nOBnS
In the present work t he results are given of a st udy of the rel at i onshi p between tensile
strength and l ami nat i on ori ent at i on, and of the relationship between uniaxial compressive
strength and tensile strength f or l ami nat ed and massive rocks. A bri ef petrological descrip-
tion of the rocks tested is given in the Appendi x.
Lood
Fic. 1. Shear failure in a solid disk.
Shear foJlure
2. AN APPROXI MATE SOLUTI ON
An appr oxi mat e sol ut i on f or t he stress di st ri but i on ar ound a ci rcul ar hol e in a disk
l oaded diametrically can be obt ai ned by combi ni ng Kms c n' s [6] sol ut i on f or t he stress
di st ri but i on ar ound a ci rcul ar hole in a stressed plate with t he known sol ut i on f or a solid
disk l oaded between kni fe edges [7].
The stresses al ong t he l oaded di amet er of a solid disk, thickness t and radi us a are
(i) a tensile stress, Ps, of const ant magni t ude acting at ri ght angles t o t he l oaded
di amet er given by
14/
~ - -
Ps 7rta' (1)
and
(ii) a compressive stress, Qs, acting al ong the l oaded di amet er given by
}
Q s = ~ + a + 2 y 1 , (2)
where y is t he distance al ong the l oaded di amet er measured f r om the centre, and W is t he
appl i ed load. For small values of y; Qs is approxi mat el y const ant (Fig. 2(b)) and is given by
3W
Qs = - - - (3)
=t a
I f a small cent ral hol e is drilled in the disk, t hen it follows f r om St. Venant ' s principle t hat
t he stresses onl y differ f r om the stresses in a solid disk at points close t o t he cent ral hole.
The st ~sses ar ound t he hole can be obt ai ned f r om Ki rsch' s sol ut i on, assumi ng t hat the
hol e is in a plate, t he plate being subjected t o stresses Ps and Qs as shown in Fig. 2(a).
P~ and Qs are given by equat i ons (1) and (2) respectively.
Ki r ~ h has shown t hat t he tensile stress Ps produces a tensile stress 3Ps at A and a com-
pressive stress P, at B, and t hat the compressive stress Qs produces a tensile stress Qs at A
and a compressi ve stress 3Qs at B.
THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF ROCKS 387
W
(b)
W
FIG. 2. Schematic diagram illustrating Kirsch's theory and the variation of the compressive stress along the
loaded diameter of a solid disk.
Thus, combi ni ng the stresses pr oduced by P8 and Qs t he tensile stress, P, at A is gi ven by
6W
P = Qs q- 3Ps - rrta' (4)
and t he compressi ve stress, Q, at B is given by
10W
( 5 )
Q = 3 Qs -k Ps = rta
Thus t he ma xi mum tensile stress in a di sk wi t h a small cent ral hol e is 6 t i mes as great as
the ma xi mum tensile stress in a solid disk subjected t o the same di amet r i cal load.
A mor e exact sol ut i on f or t he ma xi mum tensile stress is [5]
W
P = rt~ [6 -k 38qe], (6)
where q is t he r at i o of t he i nt ernal t o t he ext ernal radii.
3. CONF I RMAT I ON OF TENSI LE F AI LURE
I n or der t o assess whet her t he r ock disks failed in t ensi on, solid disks and disks wi t h a
smal l cent ral hol e were pr epar ed f r om each bl ock of r ock tested. The disks were t hen
crushed at opposi t e ends of a chosen di amet er bet ween t he pl at ens of an Aver y press and
t he l oad at f r act ur e was measur ed. For t he rocks t est ed in this paper it was f ound t hat t he
solid disks failed al ong t he l oaded di amet er at a hi gher l oad t han t he disks wi t h a cent ral
hole. The shear stresses close t o t he l oadi ng pl at ens at fai l ure were t herefore, by St. Venant ' s
principle, great er f or t he solid disks of rock. For this r eason t he disks wi t h a cent ral hol e
failed in t ensi on irrespective of the mode of fract ure of t he solid disks of r ock.
4. THE DEP ENDENCE OF THE TENSI LE S TRENGTH OF ROCK ON
THE ORI E NT AT I ON OF THE LAMI NATI ONS
I n or der t o det er mi ne the dependence of tensile st rengt h on l ami nat i on or i ent at i on tests
were carri ed out on disks of seven r ock t ypes. The speci mens were pr epar ed f r om a single
388 D. W. HOBBS
bl ock of each r ock t ype and were of 1 in. external di amet er, 0.125 in. i nt ernal di amet er and
0.25 in. thickness. A compl et e range of tests was not al ways possible because the par ent
bl ocks of r ock were general l y t oo small t o enabl e disks to be pr epar ed with t he l ami nat i ons
bot h paral l el and per pendi cul ar to the disk face. The results of these tests are given in
Tabl e 1. The tensile st rengt h given in t he t abl e is the ma xi mum tensile stress set up in the
disk at failure (see equat i on 6), this stress acts at 90 to the l oaded di amet er. Thus for a disk
l oaded al ong a di amet er at 30 t o t he pl ane of the l ami nat i ons the tensile st rengt h is deter-
mi ned at 60 to t he pl ane of the l ami nat i ons. The figures fol l owi ng the mean tensile st rengt hs
are the st andar d errors of the mean and the number of speci mens tested.
The maj or i t y of the disks tested failed al ong the l oaded di amet er irrespective of the
or i ent at i on of the l ami nat i ons. The t ype of disk failure general l y observed is shown in
Fig. 3; it can be seen t hat some var i at i on in the appear ance of the subsi di ary cracks
accompani ed change of l ami nat i on ori ent at i on, the subsi di ary cracks t endi ng to follow
the pl ane of the l ami nat i ons. A few speci mens tested at 60 '~ to the l ami nat i ons di d not fail
al ong the l oaded di amet er but sheared al ong one or mor e planes paral l el to the di rect i on
of the l ami nat i ons. These few results have been excluded f r om the cal cul at i ons of the
tensile st rengt h given in Tabl e 1.
Consi der at i on of the results of Tabl e 1 shows t hat the tensile st rengt h is general l y
great est when the appl i ed tensile stress is at 0 ~' t o the l ami nat i ons and smal l est at 90 ~
t o the l ami nat i ons (see also Fig. 4). Two except i ons occurred; these were Ki r kby Siltstone
and Cefn Coed Sandst one. Ki r kby Siltstone shows a mi ni mum at 75 ~ to t he l ami nat i ons
and a ma xi mum at 30 t o the l ami nat i ons; Cefn Coed is a lightly l ami nat ed sandst one and
shows little change in tensile st rengt h wi t h l ami nat i on ori ent at i on. The ma xi mum var i at i on
in tensile st rengt h with l ami nat i on ori ent at i on is shown by the lightly l ami nat ed Or monde
Siltstone 2 and is about 3"5:1.
The low val ues of the tensile st rengt h per pendi cul ar t o the l ami nat i ons may be due to
the low cohesi on existing between the l ami nat i ons and the nei ghbour i ng r ock mat eri al
and also to t he presence of mi cro-cracks aligned parallel t o the l ami nat i ons. Evi dence t hat
such mi cr o- cr acks exist in coal has been pr ovi ded by TERRY [8].
Ret urni ng to the results of Tabl e 1 the tensile st rengt h of Doni st hor pe Siltstone and
Or monde Siltstone 2 is highest when the l ami nat i ons are paral l el to the disk face. A si mpl e
expl anat i on f or the hi gh tensile st rengt h value is as fol l ows: when speci mens with the
l ami nat i ons perpendi cul ar to t hei r faces are crushed the pr opagat i on of a single crack causes
failure. However, when speci mens with l ami nat i ons parallel to t hei r faces are crushed,
br eakage does not necessarily occur when a single i nt er-l ami na crack pr opagat es, for the
crack may onl y pr opagat e across a single l ami nat i on. Failure of such a disk will then onl y
occur when a number of cracks j oi n up across the regi on of high tensile stress.
5. RELATI ONS HI P BETWEEN THE TENSI LE AND COMPRESSI VE
S TRENGTHS OF ROCK
A number of experi ment s were carri ed out t o det ermi ne the rel at i onshi p bet ween the
tensile st rengt h of r ock and the compressi ve st rengt h of rock. The results of these tests are
given in Tabl es 2 and 3. The figures quot ed are t he means fol l owed by the st andar d errors of
the mean and the number of speci mens tested. The speci mens were, wi t h the except i on of
Breedon limestone, pr epar ed f r om a single bl ock of each r ock type. The Breedon l i mest one
speci mens were pr epar ed f r om t wo bl ocks of rock.
The compr essi ve st rengt h was det ermi ned by crushi ng cylinders bet ween steel platens
O* 5Q* 60* 90*
FIG. 3. Mo d e o f f r a c t ur e o f r o c k d i s ks l o a d e d a t v a r i o u s a n g l e s t o l a mi n a t i o n s .
f acing page 388 R.M.
THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF ROCKS 3 8 9
Z

<
0
Z
<
<
0
0
~z
,~
~,
,.z,
~-
Z
Z
...
t - . .

~,
<
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~ 0 ~
, o : u
~ _ ~
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. ~ ~ " ' ~
~ , ,
o o
o
0 " =
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o ~=
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c
0 " =
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I ~ I L L X
o ~ ~ ~
~ = I ~" - ]
~t -~ ~
~ . g
> ~ = ~ u ~ . ~ ' ~ o ' ~ ~ . ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ =
~ = ~ . . e ~
390 D. W. HOBBS
3 0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ , , , ~ , , . ~
K ir b y
$iltstone
~ o o o l I ~ 1
E
30 60* 9 0 *
I
~ o o o ~ - ~ " " - - " { ~ L . . . . . . . . . ~
2ooo I I
~ 30 6 0 * 9 0 "
4 0 0 0 F O r m o n d e ~ . , . . . . . . ~ . ~
3000 [ s i l , s t o r o e I 1 I { " ' ~
300 6 0 9 0 "
3 0 0 0 ~ ~
lO 00 ~" $ I J " ~ ~
3 0 * 6 0 * 90"
o o o ( _
; 0 0 0 1 E l l i n g t o n ~ _ ~
mudstone ]~
o - - I I I
30 6 0 * 9 0 "
A n g le w i t h la m in a tio n s
FIG. 4. Rel at i onshi p bet ween t ensi l e st r engt h and angl e wi t h l ami nat i ons.
TABLE 2. TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS. MASSIVE ROCKS
Tensi l e st r engt h a Compressi ve st r engt h"
Rock (l b/ i n. 2) (l b/ i n. 2)
Por t l and Li mest one
Or monde Sandst one 3
Or monde Sandst one 4
Dar l ey Dal e Sandst one
Babbi ngt on Muds t one
Bul wel l Li mest one
Br eedon Li mest one
Bi l st hor pe I r ons t one
Pennant Sandst one
2610 ~ 90 (20)
2780 _-k_ 30 (23)
3350 70 (19)
3510 :k 120 (8)
5100 460 (4)
5260 180 (24)
5620 ~ 390 (23)
6420 650 (5)
9520 :k 120 (11)
6010 510 (4)
1 1 2 5 0 ~ 230 (5)
11720 d: 320 (10)
13120 _-E 560 (4)
7260 ~: 550 (4)
20670 890 (5)
20730 :k 2770 (8)
27650 ~ 2600 (4)
24310 ~ 1430 (5)
a Di sks 1 in. ext er nal di amet er, 0.125 in. i nt er nal di amet er and 0"25 in. t hi ck.
b Cyl i nders 1 in. di amet er by 1 in. hei ght .
THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF ROCKS 391
2 C
<
0
0
e~
Z
.<
m
I~
d
m
~-I
.<
f-
E
0
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o,~
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0 - - ~ 0
~
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~ o - ~
~o ~ .
_~ ~ , -
. ~ ~
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~ s ~
,_~ ~
-.~ ~ ' ~
~ ~ ~1
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~ e . ~
M
o
0
" ~ ~ C
I ' ~ l I l l
~o~o ~ o ~o
8 ~- ~ =
~ ~ ~
~ g ~
I 1 ~ ~ I
~ ~
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~ 0 ~
~ ~ ~
0 0 0
I ~1 l ~ l l I ~
~ -~
a ~ ~:~
~ ~,
I ~ 1
~ ~ o o o ~
~ ~ - ~ N ~
~
O 0
~ t ~ ~ I
0
o o ~ o ~
~ o ~ o o
~ ~ N ~
~=.'= ~ o ~ ~
o m m N N ~
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= e ~ ~
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~ = = . 7 ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ m
~ ' ~ ~ ~
. e o o ~
~ e ~ u o ~
392 n.W. HOBBS
at a l oadi ng rat e of 150 lb/in.2/sec by a 10 or 250 t on capaci t y compressi on machine. A
spherical seating unit was empl oyed to align the compressi on platens of the press with the
specimen end faces before cont act was made.
The results were not sufficient t o enable all possible strength compari sons to be made
and the pr oduct moment correl at i on coefficient was t herefore onl y det ermi ned for the
compari sons between the tensile and compressive strengths of massive rocks (Fig. 5), and
! 0 , 0 0 0 ~ -
8 7 5 _
~ 6ooo -
~ ~
~ ~ 0 0 0 - ~
~ i ~ ~ ~
~ ~ [ ~ ~ ~
2 0 0 0 ~
o l [ 1 ~ r
5000 ~0,000 ~5,000 ~0,~00 ~5,000
Compressive s t r e n g t h , ~ b / i n z
F~G. 5. Rel ati onshi p between tensile strength and compressive strength f or masswe r ~ks.
between the tensile strength perpendi cul ar t o t he l ami nat i ons and the compressive strength
parallel t o the l ami nat i ons of l ami nat ed rocks (Fig. 6). The correl at i on coefficients are
0.761 and 0.955 respectively, which are significant at the 2 and 1 per cent probabi l i t y levels.
For Babbi ngt on Mudst one t he rat i o of the tensile and compressive strengths is much
higher t han the rat i o for t he ot her rocks tested and i f t he results f or Babbi ngt on Mudst one
are excluded f r om the calculation, t hen the correl at i on coefficient f or the compar i son
between the tensile and compressive strengths of massive rocks is 0.861 which is significant
at the 1 per cent probabi l i t y level.
Fi gure 7 shows the combi ned results f or massive and l ami nat ed rocks. For l ami nat ed
rocks t he tensile strength perpendi cul ar and parallel t o the l ami nat i ons is pl ot t ed against
t he compressive strength parallel and perpendi cul ar to the l ami nat i ons respectively. The
correl at i on coefficient for the combi ned results is 0-879 which is significant at the 0.1 per
cent probabi l i t y level.
The good correl at i on between t he tensile and compressive strengths of r ock suggests t hat
a single factor, common to all r ock types, may be of pri me i mport ance in the fract ure
process. Such a f act or is pr obabl y the cracks and/ or pores which are i nherent in most rock
types. Ot her fact ors such as the matrix, moi st ure cont ent , compact i on and quart z cont ent
influence the strength [9] and these fact ors pr obabl y account f or the observed scatter shown
in Fig. 7.
THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF ROCKS 3 9 3
8 0 0 0
~ 6ooo- _ ~. i
~, 4 0 0 0 - -
m
o
~ ~
~ 2 0 0 0 -
#
~ ~ - ~
~/ -'-~
/ ! . ! . ! . J
0 0,o00 20,000 30,000 40,oo0
Com#ressi ve strength, I b/ { n z
FIG. 6. Re l at i ons hi p bet ween t ens i l e strength and compres s i ve strength f or l ami nat e d rocks.
IO, O00-- o
8000
o
6 0 0 0
o o
o o
~ 0 0 0 c ~
o oo
o o o
2 0 0 0
o
0 I 0, 000 20, 000 :~0,000 40, 000
Compressive s t r e n g t h , I b / i n z
FIG. 7. Co mbi ne d resul ts for mas s i ve and l ami nat e d rocks.
394 D. W. HOBBS
6. MI S C E L L ANE OUS T E NS I L E S T R E NGT H ME AS UR E ME NT S
B z ~ z N~ t ~ a nd B~OD~ [3] f o u n d t ha t a l t h o u g h t he t ensi l e s t r engt hs o f Ba r ns l e y Har r i s
c oa l ma y va r y f r o m bl oc k t o bl oc k, t he r a t i o o f t he s t r engt hs in a ny t wo c hos e n di r e c t i ons
f or a n y gi ven b l o c k is i n d e p e n d e n t o f t hi s va r i a t i on. Thi s c onc l us i on ma y not be a ppl i c a bl e
t o r o c k t ypes o t h e r t h a n coal . F o r t hi s r e a s o n me a s ur e me nt s wer e ma d e o f t he t ens i l e a nd
c ompr e s s i ve s t r engt hs o f s pe c i me ns p r e p a r e d f r om t en bl oc ks o f l i ght l y l a mi n a t e d Or mo n d e
Si l t s t one 2. The r es ul t s o f t hes e t est s ar e gi ven i n Ta bl e 4. The f i gur es f ol l owi ng t he mean
t ensi l e a nd c ompr e s s i ve s t r engt hs ar e t he s t a n d a r d e r r or s o f t he mean trod t he n u mb e r o f
s pe c i me ns t est ed.
Ex a mi n a t i o n o f t he r es ul t s o f Ta bl e 4 s hows t h a t t he ma g n i t u d e o f t he v a r i a t i o n o f b o t h
t he t ensi l e a nd c ompr e s s i ve s t r e ngt h is not a c o n s t a n t but var i es f r o m b l o c k t o bl ock.
It is i nt e r e s t i ng t o not e t ha t t he t ens i l e s t r e ngt h is a ma x i mu m when t he l a mi n a t i o n s ar e
pa r a l l e l t o t he di s k f ace and, wi t h one e xc e pt i on, a mi n i mu m at 90 ~ t o t he l a mi na t i ons .
Thes e c onc l us i ons a r e i n a g r e e me n t wi t h t he r es ul t s o f Sect i on 4.
7. C ONC L US I ONS
(1) The t ens i l e s t r e ngt h o f r oc k is ge ne r a l l y gr e a t e s t when t he a p p l i e d t ensi l e st r ess is at
0 t o t he l a mi n a t i o n s a n d s ma l l e s t at 90 t o t he l a mi na t i ons .
(2) The ma x i mu m v a r i a t i o n i n t ensi l e s t r e ngt h wi t h l a mi n a t i o n or i e nt a t i on is s hown by
t he l i ght l y l a mi n a t e d Or mo n d e Si l t s t one 2 a n d is a b o u t 3. 5: 1.
(3) I t is s ugge s t e d t ha t a r e l a t i ons hi p exi st s be t we e n t he t ensi l e a n d c ompr e s s i ve s t r engt hs
o f mas s i ve a n d l a mi n a t e d r ocks .
(4) The ma g n i t u d e o f t he v a r i a t i o n o f t he c ompr e s s i ve a n d t ensi l e s t r engt hs wi t h l a mi na -
t i on o r i e n t a t i o n f or bl ocks o f the, s a me r oc k t ype is not neces s ar i l y c ons t a nt .
Acknowledgements~The author is grateful to Mr. J. F. HOtOSWORXH for helpful discussion, Mr. R.
HOWARD and Dr. N. J. PRICE who made the microscopic examinations and Mr. E. F. PAINTER who assisted
with both the experimental and computational work. The views expressed are those of the author and not
necessarily those of the National Coal Board.
R E F E R E NC E S
1. POMEROY C. D. and MORGANS W. T. A. The tensile strength of coal. Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 7, 243-246 (1956).
2. BERENBAUM R. and BRODIE I. Measurement of the tensile strength of brittle materials. Brit. J. Appl.
Phys. 10, 281-287 (1959).
3. BERENBAOM R. and BRODIE I. The tensile strength of coal. J. Inst. Fuel 32, 320-327 (1959).
4. EVANS 1. The tensile strength of coal. Colliery Engng. 38,428-434 (1961).
5. HoBaS D. W. An assessment of a technique for determining the tensile strength of rock. Submitted to
Brit. J. Appl. Phys.
6. KtRSCH G. Die theorie der Elastict~it und die Bed~frisse der Festiqkeit Lehre. Z. Vet'. dtsch. Ing. 32, 797-
867 (1898).
7. FROCraT M. M. Photoelasticity, Vol. 11, p. 127. John Wiley, New York (1948).
8. TERRY N. B. Dependence of the elastic behaviour of coal on the microcrack structure. Fuel 38, 125-146
(1959).
9. PRICE N. J. The compressive strength of coal measure rocks. Colliery Engng. 37, 283-292 (1960).
THE TENSI LE S TRENGTH OF ROCKS 3 9 5
z

Z
m

e~
Z
. <
, ~
~z
~-
,~
. 1
. ~
~-
~ . ~ .
. ~ ~
~
o ~ 8
E " ~ . ~ -
0 ~
~ ~
396 D. w. HOBBS
AP P E NDI X
PETROLOGY
Locat i on or Quartz content
colliery Rock Matrix by vol ume (per centl
Ki rkby muddy fine grained siltstone clay 28
Doni st horpe laminated fine grained siltstone calcareous 21
Cefn Coed finely l ami nat ed' fi ne grained sand-
stone calcareous 74
finely laminated fine grained sandstone clay 28
heavily laminated fine grained silt-
stone siderite 22
laminated fine grained siltstone siderite 22
finely laminated mudstone clay
limestone limestone 0
massive medi um grained sandstone calcareous 75
massive medi um grained sandstone calcareous 75
massive medium grained sandstone clay 65
massive mudstone clay
limestone (impure) limestone 8
crinoidal limestone limestone 0
sideritic ironstone - - 0
finely laminated fine grained sandstone clay 48
laminated fine grained siltstone calcareous 20
laminated fine grained siltstone clay 16
finely l ami nat ed mudstone clay
massive silty mudst one clay 10
Chislet
Or monde 1
Or monde 2
El l i ngt on 1
Port l and
Or monde 3
Or monde 4
Darl ey Dal e
Babbington
Bulwell
Breedon
Bilsthorpe
Pennant
Doni st horpe 1
Doni st horpe 2
El l i ngt on 2
Maesgwncap