An Array of Values

An Array of Values
Introduction
A database is a list of values. The values can be organized to make it easy to retrieve and optionally
manipulate them. A computer database is a list of values that are stored in the computer, usually as
one or more files. The values can then be accessed when needed. Probably the most fundamental
type of list of values can be created, and managed, as an array.

Practical Learning: Introducing Databases
1. Start Microsoft Visual Basic and create a Windows Forms Application named
NationalBank1
2. In the Solution Explorer, right-click Form1.vb and click Rename
3. Type Central.vb and press Enter
Creating an Array
Before creating an array, you must decide what type of values each
element of the array would be. A simple array can be made of primitive
types of values. Here is an example:
Private Sub Exercise_Load(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
Dim Numbers() As Double = { 12.44, 525.38, 6.28, 2448.32, 632.04 }
End Sub
Once the array has been created, you can access each one of its elements using the () operator.
Here is an example:
Dim Numbers() As Double = { 12.44, 525.38, 6.28, 2448.32, 632.04 }

For i As Integer = 0 To 4
lbxNumbers.Items.Add(Numbers(i))
Next
End Sub

An array can also be made of elements that are each a composite type. That
is, each element can be of a class type. Of course, you must have a class first.
You can use one of the many built-in classes of the .NET Framework or you
can create your own class. Here is an example:
Public Class Person
Public PersonID As Integer
Public FirstName As String
Public LastName As String
Public Gender As String

Public Sub New()

End Sub

Public Sub New(ByVal ID As Integer, ByVal FName As String, _
ByVal LName As String, ByVal Gdr As String)
PersonID = ID
FirstName = FName
LastName = LName
Gender = Gdr
End Sub

End Class
After creating the class, you can then use it as the type of the array. Here is an example:
Dim People(7) As Person

People(0) = New Person(72947, "Paulette", _
"Cranston", "Female")
People(1) = New Person(70854, "Harry", _
"Kumar", "Male")
People(2) = New Person(27947, "Jules", _
"Davidson", "Male")
People(3) = New Person(62835, "Leslie", _
"Harrington", "Unknown")
People(4) = New Person(92958, "Ernest", _
"Colson", "Male")
People(5) = New Person(91749, "Patricia", _
"Katts", "Female")
People(6) = New Person(29749, "Patrice", _
"Abanda", "Unknown")
People(7) = New Person(24739, "Frank", _
"Thomasson", "Male")

Dim lviPerson As ListViewItem = New ListViewItem(People(i).FirstName)

lviPerson.SubItems.Add(People(i).LastName)
lviPerson.SubItems.Add(People(i).Gender)

lvwPeople.Items.Add(lviPerson)
Next
End Sub

The Array Class
To assist you with creating or managing arrays, the .NET Framework provides the Array class. Every
array you create is derived from this class. As a result, all arrays of your program share many
characteristics and they get their foundation from the Array class, which include its properties and
methods. Once you declare an array variable, it automatically has access to the members of the Array
class. For example, instead of counting the number of elements in an array, you can access the Length
property of the array variable. Here is an example:
Dim Numbers() As Integer = {20, 5, 83405, 734, 5}

For i As Integer = 0 To Numbers.Length - 1
lbxNumbers.Items.Add(Numbers(i))
Next
End Sub
In traditional languages, when you declare an array variable, you must specify the number of elements
that the array will contain. You must do this especially if you declare the variable without initializing
the array. Here is an example:
dim People(4) as Person
End Sub
After declaring the variable, before using the array, you must initialize it. Otherwise you would
receive an error. When initializing the array, you can only initialize it with the number of elements
you had specified. To illustrate this, consider the following program:

"Kumar", "Male")
"Davidson", "Male")
"Colson", "Male")

For i As Integer = 0 To People.Length - 1


Next
End Sub
Notice that the variable is declared to hold only 4 elements but the user tries to access a 5th one. This
would produce an IndexOutOfRangeExcception exception:

One of the most valuable features of the Array class is that it allows an array to be "resizable". That
is, if you find out that an array has a size smaller than the number of elements you want to add to it,
you can increase its capacity. To support this, the Array class is equipped with the static Resize()
method. Its syntax is:
Public Shared Sub Resize(Of T) (ByRef array As T(), newSize As Integer)
As you can see, this is a generic method that takes two arguments. The first argument is the name of
the array variable that you want to resize. It must be passed by reference. The second argument is the
new size you want the array to have. Here is an example of calling this method:
Public Class Exercise


"Kumar", "Male")
"Davidson", "Male")
"Colson", "Male")

Array.Resize(Of Person)(People, 8)

"Katts", "Female")



Next
End Sub
End Class
The advantage of this approach is that you can access the array from any member of the same class or
even from another file of the same program.
An Array as a Field
As done previously, you can create an array in a method. A disadvantage of this approach is that the
array can be accessed from only the method (or event) in which it is created. As an alternative, you
can declare an array as a member of a class. Here is an example:
Dim People() As Person
End Class
The advantage of this approach is that you can access the array from any member of the same class or
even from another file of the same program. After declaring the variable, you can initialize it. You can
do this in a constructor or in an event that would be fired before any other event that would use the
array. This type of initialization is usually done in a Load event of a form. After initializing the array,
you can then access in another method or another event of the form. Here is an example:

Private Sub Exercise_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
"Kumar", "Male")
"Davidson", "Male")
"Colson", "Male")
"Katts", "Female")



Next
End Sub
End Class
Arrays and Methods
An array can be passed as argument to a method. Here is an example:
Private Sub ArrayInitializer(ByVal People() As Person)

End Sub
End Class
In the method, you can use the array as you see fit. For example you can assign values to the elements
of the array. When calling a method that is passed an array, you can pass the argument by reference so
it would come back with new values. Here are examples:
Private Sub ArrayInitializer(ByVal People() As Person)
"Kumar", "Male")
"Davidson", "Male")
"Colson", "Male")
"Katts", "Female")
End Sub

Private Sub ShowPeople(ByVal People() As Person)


Next
End Sub

Dim Persons(7) As Person

ArrayInitializer(Persons)
ShowPeople(Persons)
End Sub
End Class
A method can be created to return an array. When creating the method, on the right side of the name
of the method, type the name of the type of value the method would return. In the method, create and
initialize an array. Before exiting the method, you must return the array. Here is an example:
Private Function ArrayInitializer() As Person()


"Kumar", "Male")
"Davidson", "Male")
"Colson", "Male")
"Katts", "Female")

Return People
End Function

Private Sub ShowPeople(ByVal People() As Person)


Next
End Sub

Dim Persons(7) As Person

Persons = ArrayInitializer()
ShowPeople(Persons)
End Sub
End Class
Practical Learning: Creating an Array
1. To create a new class, on the main menu, click Project -> Add Class...
2. Set the name to Employee and press Enter
3. Complete the file as follows:

Public Class Employee
Public EmployeeNumber As Integer
Public FirstName As String
Public LastName As String
Public Title As String
Public CanCreateNewAccount As Boolean
Public HourlySalary As Double

Public ReadOnly Property FullName() As String
Get
Return LastName & ", " & FirstName
End Get
End Property

End Class
4. To create a form that will be used to displays the employees information, on the main menu,
click Project -> Add Windows Form
5. Set the name to Employees and press Enter
6. Design the form as follows:

Control Text Name Other Properties
ListView

lvwEmployees
FullRowSelect: True
GridLines: True
View: Details
Columns
(Name) Text TextAlign Width
colIndex # 20
colEmployeeNumber Empl # 50
colFirstName First Name 65
colLastName Last Name 65
colFullName Full Name 95
colTitle Title 145
colHourlySalary Salary Right 50
Button

Close btnClose

8. Set the name to Customer and press Enter

Public Enum AccountStatus
Active
Suspended
Closed
End Enum

Public Class Customer
Public CreatedBy As String
Public DateCreated As DateTime
Public CustomerName As String
Public AccountNumber As String
Public AccountType As String
Public Status As AccountStatus
End Class
10. To create a form that will show the customers information, on the main menu, click Project ->
Add Windows Form
11. Set the name to Customers and press Enter

ListView

lvwCustomers
FullRowSelect: True
GridLines: True
View: Details
Columns
colIndex # 20
colCreatedBy Created By 100
colDateCreated Date Created Center 75
colCustomerName Customer Name 120
colAccountNumber Account # Center 80
colAccountType Account Type 80
coloAccountStatus Status 50
Button

Close btnClose

13. Double-click the Close button and implement its event as follows:

Private Sub btnClose_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles
btnClose.Click
Close()
End Sub
15. Set the name to AccountTransaction and press Enter

Public Enum TransactionTypes
Deposit
Withdrawal
Transfer
MonthlyCharge
MoneyOrder
Overdraft
TransactionFee
End Enum

Public Class AccountTransaction
Public TransactionDate As DateTime
Public ProcessedBy As Integer
Public ProcessedFor As String
Public TransactionType As TransactionTypes
Public DepositAmount As Double
Public WithdrawalAmount As Double
Public ChargeAmount As Double
End Class
17. To create a new form that will show the transactions done on the customers accounts, on the
main menu, click Project -> Add Windows Form
18. Set the name to CustomersTransactions and press Enter

ListView

lvwTransactions
FullRowSelect: True
GridLines: True
View: Details
Columns
colIndex # 25
colTransactionDate Trans Date Center 80
colProcessedBy Processed By Center 80
colProcessedFor Processed For Center 90
colTransactionType Trans Type 90
colDepositAmount Deposit Right
colWithdrawalAmount Withdrawal Right 65
colChargeAmount Charge Right 50
Button

Close btnClose

20. Double-click the Close button and implement its event as follows:

Private Sub btnClose_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
btnClose.Click
Close()
End Sub
22. Set the name to AccountsRecords and press Enter

Public Class AccountsRecords

Public Shared Function GetEmployees() As Employee()
Dim StaffMembers(6) As Employee

StaffMembers(0) = New Employee
StaffMembers(0).EmployeeNumber = 74228
StaffMembers(0).FirstName = "Chrissie"
StaffMembers(0).LastName = "Nomads"
StaffMembers(0).Title = "General Manager"
StaffMembers(0).CanCreateNewAccount = True
StaffMembers(0).HourlySalary = 40.25

StaffMembers(1) = New Employee
StaffMembers(1).FirstName = "Calvin"
StaffMembers(1).LastName = "Braxton"
StaffMembers(1).Title = "Public Relations Manager"
StaffMembers(1).CanCreateNewAccount = False

StaffMembers(2) = New Employee()
StaffMembers(2).FirstName = "Emilie"
StaffMembers(2).LastName = "Pastore"
StaffMembers(2).Title = "Branch Manager"

StaffMembers(3).FirstName = "Walter"
StaffMembers(3).LastName = "Lemme"
StaffMembers(3).Title = "Accounts Manager"

StaffMembers(4).FirstName = "Cecile"
StaffMembers(4).LastName = "Richards"
StaffMembers(4).Title = "Accounts Representative"

StaffMembers(5).FirstName = "Joan"
StaffMembers(5).LastName = "Verrion"

StaffMembers(6).FirstName = "Donald"
StaffMembers(6).LastName = "Waters"

Return StaffMembers
End Function

Public Shared Function GetCustomers() As Customer()
Dim Clients(4) As Customer

Clients(0) = New Customer
Clients(0).CreatedBy = "Lemme, Walter"
Clients(0).DateCreated = New DateTime(2007, 1, 16)
Clients(0).CustomerName = "Louis George Berholdt"
Clients(0).AccountNumber = "95-722947-93"
Clients(0).AccountType = "Checking"
Clients(0).Status = AccountStatus.Active

Clients(1) = New Customer()

Clients(1).CreatedBy = "Pastore, Emilie"
Clients(1).CustomerName = "William Foster"
Clients(1).AccountType = " Checking"

Clients(2).CustomerName = "Catherine Hoods"

Clients(3).CustomerName = "Harriett Cranston"
Clients(3).AccountType = "Saving"

Clients(4).CreatedBy = "Nomads, Chrissie"
Clients(4).CustomerName = "Janice Bonnie Weiss"

Return Clients
End Function

Public Shared Function GetTransactions() As AccountTransaction()
Dim Transactions(28) As AccountTransaction

Transactions(0) = New AccountTransaction
Transactions(0).TransactionDate = New DateTime(2007, 1, 16)
Transactions(0).ProcessedBy = 39850
Transactions(0).ProcessedFor = "95-722947-93"
Transactions(0).TransactionType = TransactionTypes.Deposit
Transactions(0).DepositAmount = 325.5



Transactions(3).TransactionType = TransactionTypes.Withdrawal
Transactions(3).WithdrawalAmount = 100.0




Transactions(7).TransactionType = TransactionTypes.MoneyOrder

Transactions(8).TransactionType =
TransactionTypes.TransactionFee
Transactions(8).ChargeAmount = 1.45


TransactionTypes.MonthlyCharge



TransactionTypes.Withdrawal




Transactions(17).TransactionType = TransactionTypes.Overdraft









Transactions(25) = New AccountTransaction()




Return Transactions
End Function

End Class
24. Access the Central form and a button to it
25. Change the properties of the button as follows:
(Name): btnEmployees
Text: Employees
26. Double-click the Employees button and implement its event as follows:

Private Sub btnEmployees_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
btnEmployees.Click
Dim i As Integer
Dim frmEmployees As Employees = New Employees
Dim StaffMembers() As Employee = AccountsRecords.GetEmployees()

frmEmployees.lvwEmployees.Items.Clear()

i = 1

For Each empl As Employee In StaffMembers
Dim lviEmployee As ListViewItem = New ListViewItem(i)

lviEmployee.SubItems.Add(CStr(empl.EmployeeNumber))
lviEmployee.SubItems.Add(empl.FirstName)
lviEmployee.SubItems.Add(empl.LastName)
lviEmployee.SubItems.Add(empl.FullName)
lviEmployee.SubItems.Add(empl.Title)
lviEmployee.SubItems.Add(empl.HourlySalary.ToString("F"))

frmEmployees.lvwEmployees.Items.Add(lviEmployee)
i = i + 1
Next

frmEmployees.ShowDialog()
End Sub
27. Return to the Central form and a button to it
(Name): btnCustomers
Text: Customers

Private Sub btnCustomers_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
btnCustomers.Click
Dim i As Integer
Dim frmCustomers As Customers = New Customers
Dim Clients() As Customer = AccountsRecords.GetCustomers()

frmCustomers.lvwCustomers.Items.Clear()

i = 1

For Each client As Customer In Clients
Dim lviCustomer As ListViewItem = New ListViewItem(i)

lviCustomer.SubItems.Add(client.CreatedBy)

lviCustomer.SubItems.Add(client.DateCreated.ToShortDateString())
lviCustomer.SubItems.Add(client.CustomerName)
lviCustomer.SubItems.Add(client.AccountNumber)
lviCustomer.SubItems.Add(client.AccountType)
lviCustomer.SubItems.Add(client.Status.ToString())

frmCustomers.lvwCustomers.Items.Add(lviCustomer)
i = i + 1
Next

frmCustomers.ShowDialog()
End Sub
30. Return to the Central form and a button to it
(Name): btnTransactions
Text: Transactions

Private Sub btnTransactions_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
Handles btnTransactions.Click
Dim i As Integer
Dim frmTransactions As CustomersTransactions = _
New CustomersTransactions
Dim Transactions() As AccountTransaction = _
AccountsRecords.GetTransactions()

frmTransactions.lvwTransactions.Items.Clear()

i = 1

For Each ActTrans As AccountTransaction In Transactions
Dim lviTransactions As ListViewItem = New ListViewItem(i)

lviTransactions.SubItems.Add( _
ActTrans.TransactionDate.ToString("dd-MMM-yyyy"))

If ActTrans.ProcessedBy = 0 Then
lviTransactions.SubItems.Add("")
Else
lviTransactions.SubItems.Add(ActTrans.ProcessedBy)
End If

lviTransactions.SubItems.Add(ActTrans.ProcessedFor)

lviTransactions.SubItems.Add(ActTrans.TransactionType.ToString())

If ActTrans.DepositAmount = 0 Then
Else
ActTrans.DepositAmount.ToString("F"))
End If

If ActTrans.WithdrawalAmount = 0 Then
Else
ActTrans.WithdrawalAmount.ToString("F"))
End If

If ActTrans.ChargeAmount = 0 Then
Else
ActTrans.ChargeAmount.ToString("F"))
End If

frmTransactions.lvwTransactions.Items.Add(lviTransactions)
i = i + 1
Next

frmTransactions.ShowDialog()
End Sub
33. Execute the application to see the results
34. Close the forms and return to your programming environment
Operations on an Array

Introduction
Because an array is primarily a series of objects or values, there are various pieces of information you
would get interested to get from it. Typical operations include:
Adding elements to the array
Re-arranging the list or the order of elements in the array.
Finding out whether the array contains a certain element
If the array contains a certain element, what index that element has
Although you can write your own routines to perform these operations, the Array class provides most
of the methods you would need to get the necessary information.
Practical Learning: Introducing Operations on Arrays
1. To create a new form, on the main menu, click Project -> Add Windows Form
2. Set the name to CustomerTransactions and press Enter

Label

View Transactions For:
MaskedTextBox

txtAccountNumber Mask: 00-000000-00
Button

Find btnFind
ListView

lvwCustomers
FullRowSelect: True
GridLines: True
View: Details
Columns
colIndex # 25
colTransactionDate Trans Date Center 80
colProcessedBy Processed By Center 80
colTransactionType Trans Type 90
colDeposit Deposit Right
colWithdrawal Withdrawal Right 65
colChargeAmount Charge Right 50
Button

Close btnClose

4. Save all
Adding an Element to an Array
We have seen that, using the () operator, you can add a new element to an array. Still, to support this
operation, the Array class is equipped with the SetValue() method that is overloaded with various
versions. Here is an example that adds an element to the third position of the array:


Private Sub ArrayInitializer()

People(i) = New Person
People(i).PersonID = 0
People(i).FirstName = ""
People(i).LastName = ""
People(i).Gender = "Unknown"
Next

End Sub

Private Sub ShowPeople()
lvwPeople.Items.Clear()

For Each Pers As Person In People
Dim lviPerson As ListViewItem = New ListViewItem(Pers.FirstName)

lviPerson.SubItems.Add(Pers.LastName)
lviPerson.SubItems.Add(Pers.Gender)

Next
End Sub

ArrayInitializer()
ShowPeople()
End Sub

Private Sub btnAdd_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnAdd.Click
Dim pers As Person = New Person

pers.PersonID = CInt(txtPersonID.Text)
pers.FirstName = txtFirstName.Text
pers.LastName = txtLastName.Text
pers.Gender = cbxGenders.Text

People.SetValue(pers, 2)
ShowPeople()
End Sub
End Class
When the Array.SetValue() method is called, it replaces the element at the indicated position.
Getting an Element From an Array
The reverse of adding an item to an array is to retrieve one. To support this operation, the Array class
is equipped with the GetValue() method that comes in various versions. Here is an example of calling
it:

"Kumar", "Male")
"Davidson", "Male")
"Colson", "Male")
"Katts", "Female")



Next
End Sub

Private Sub lvwPeople_ItemSelectionChanged(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.ListViewItemSelectionChangedEventArgs) _
Handles
lvwPeople.ItemSelectionChanged
Dim pers As Person = CType(People.GetValue(e.ItemIndex), Person)

txtPersonID.Text = pers.PersonID
txtFirstName.Text = pers.FirstName
txtLastName.Text = pers.LastName
cbxGenders.Text = pers.Gender
End Sub

End Class
When calling this method, make sure you provide a valid index, if you do not, you would get an
IndexOutOfRangeException exception.
Checking the Existence of an Element
Once some elements have been added to an array, you can try to locate one. One of the most
fundamental means of looking for an item consists of finding out whether a certain element exists in
the array. To support this operation, the Array class is equipped with the Exists() method whose
syntax is:
Public Shared Function Exists(Of T) ( _
array As T(), _
match As Predicate(Of T) _
) As Boolean
This is a generic method that takes two arguments. The first is the array on which you will look for
the item. The second argument is a delegate that specifies the criterion to apply. Here is an example:
Shared IDToFind As Integer

. . . No Change
End Sub

Private Shared Function IDExists(ByVal p As Person) As Boolean
If p.PersonID = IDToFind Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function

Private Sub btnExists_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
btnExists.Click
IDToFind = CInt(txtPersonID.Text)

If Array.Exists(People, AddressOf IDExists) Then
MessageBox.Show("The person was found")
Else
MessageBox.Show("The person was not found anywhere")
End If
End Sub
End Class

Practical Learning: Checking the Existence of an Element
1. On the Account Transactions form, double-click the Find button and change the file as
follows:

Public Class CustomerTransactions

Shared AccountNumber As String

Private Shared Function AccountNumberExists(ByVal Client As
Customer) _
As Boolean
If Client.AccountNumber = AccountNumber Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function

Private Sub btnFind_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Handles btnFind.Click
AccountNumber = txtAccountNumber.Text

Dim Accounts() As Customer = AccountsRecords.GetCustomers()

If Array.Exists(Accounts, AddressOf AccountNumberExists) Then
MsgBox("Good")
Else
MsgBox("There is no customer with that account number")
End If
End Sub
End Class
2. Display the Central form and complete its design as follows:

Button Text Name

Employees btnEmployees

Customers btnCustomers

Transactions btnTransactions

Customer Records btnCustomerRecords

Close btnClose

3. Double-click the Customer Records button and implement its event as follows:

Private Sub btnCustomerRecords_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
_
Handles
btnCustomerRecords.Click
Dim CustRecords As CustomerTransactions = New
CustomerTransactions
CustRecords.ShowDialog()
End Sub
4. Return to the Central form and double-click the Close button
5. Implement its event as follows:

Private Sub btnClose_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
btnClose.Click
End
End Sub
6. Execute the application to test it
7. Close the forms and return to your programming environment
Finding an Element
One of the most valuable operations you can perform on an array consists of looking for a particular
element. To assist you with this, the Array class is equipped with the Find() method. Its syntax is:
Public Shared Function Find(Of T) ( _
array As T(), _
match As Predicate(Of T) _
) As T
This generic method takes two arguments. The first argument is the name of the array that holds the
elements. The second argument is a delegate that has the criterion to be used to find the element. Here
is an example:
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnFind.Click
IDToFind = CInt(txtPersonID.Text)

Dim pers As Person = Array.Find(People, AddressOf IDExists)

If Not pers Is Nothing Then
txtFirstName.Text = pers.FirstName
txtLastName.Text = pers.LastName
cbxGenders.Text = pers.Gender
End If
End Sub

Practical Learning: Finding an Element
1. Access the CustomerTransactions.cs source code and change the Click event of the Find
button as follows:

btnFind.Click
' AccountNumber = txtAccountNumber.Text

' Dim Accounts() As Customer =
AccountsRecords.GetCustomers()

' If Array.Exists(Accounts, AddressOf AccountNumberExists)
Then
' MsgBox("Good")
' Else
' MsgBox("There is no customer with that account number")
' End If

Dim TotalDeposits As Double = 0
Dim TotalWithdrawals As Double = 0
Dim TotalCharges As Double = 0
Dim Balance As Double

AccountNumber = txtAccountNumber.Text
Dim Accounts() As Customer = AccountsRecords.GetCustomers()
Dim Trans() As AccountTransaction = _
AccountsRecords.GetTransactions()
Dim AccountFound As Boolean = _
Array.Exists(Accounts, AddressOf AccountNumberExists)

If AccountFound = True Then
Dim i As Integer = 1
lvwTransactions.Items.Clear()

For Each ActTrans As AccountTransaction In Trans
If ActTrans.ProcessedFor = AccountNumber Then
Dim lviTransactions As ListViewItem = New
ListViewItem(i)

ActTrans.TransactionDate.ToString("dd-MMM-yyyy"))

If ActTrans.ProcessedBy = 0 Then
Else

lviTransactions.SubItems.Add(ActTrans.ProcessedBy)
End If

ActTrans.TransactionType.ToString())

If ActTrans.DepositAmount = 0 Then
Else
ActTrans.DepositAmount.ToString("F"))
End If

If ActTrans.WithdrawalAmount = 0 Then
Else
ActTrans.WithdrawalAmount.ToString("F"))
End If

If ActTrans.ChargeAmount = 0 Then
Else
ActTrans.ChargeAmount.ToString("F"))
End If

lvwTransactions.Items.Add(lviTransactions)

i = i + 1
End If
Next

For Each lviTransaction As ListViewItem In
lvwTransactions.Items
If lviTransaction.SubItems(4).Text <> "" Then
TotalDeposits = TotalDeposits + _
CDbl(lviTransaction.SubItems(4).Text)
End If

TotalWithdrawals = TotalWithdrawals + _
End If

TotalCharges = TotalCharges + _
End If
Next

Balance = TotalDeposits - (TotalWithdrawals + TotalCharges)
txtTotalDeposits.Text = FormatNumber(TotalDeposits)
txtTotalWithdrawals.Text = FormatNumber(TotalWithdrawals)
txtTotalCharges.Text = FormatNumber(TotalCharges)
txtBalance.Text = FormatNumber(Balance)
Else
MessageBox.Show("There is no customer with that account
number")
End If
End Sub
2. In the Class Name combo box, select btnClose
3. In the Method Name combo box, select Click and implement the event as follows:

Private Sub btnClose_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
Handles btnClose.Click
Close()
End Sub
4. Execute the application to test it

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