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Beginners' Guide
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Tip: This guide is also available in multiple pages, rather than one large co
py. If you would
rather follow it that way, please start here.
Summary
Provides a highly detailed, explanatory guide to installing, configuring and
using a
full-featured Arch Linux system.
Related
Category:Accessibility
Installation Guide
Network Installation Guide
Install from SSH
General Recommendations
General Troubleshooting
This document will guide you through the process of installing Arch Linux usi
ng the Arch
Install Scripts. Before installing, you are advised to skim over the FAQ.
The community-maintained Arch wiki is an excellent resource and should be con
sulted for issues
first. The IRC channel (irc://irc.freenode.net/#archlinux), and the forums ar
e also available
if the answer cannot be found elsewhere. Also, be sure to check out the man p
ages for any
command you are unfamiliar with; this can usually be invoked with man command
.
Contents
1 Preparation
1.1 Burn or write the latest installation medium
1.1.1 Installing over the network
1.1.2 Installing on a virtual machine
1.2 Boot the installation medium
1.2.1 Testing if you are booted into UEFI mode
1.2.2 Troubleshooting boot problems
2 Installation
2.1 Change the language
2.2 Establish an internet connection
2.2.1 Wired
2.2.2 Wireless
2.2.3 Analog modem, ISDN or PPoE DSL
2.2.4 Behind a proxy server
2.3 Prepare the storage drive
2.3.1 Example
2.4 Mount the partitions
2.5 Select a mirror
2.6 Install the base system
2.7 Generate an fstab
2.8 Chroot and configure the base system
2.8.1 Locale
2.8.2 Console font and keymap
2.8.3 Time zone
2.8.4 Hardware clock
2.8.5 Kernel modules
2.8.6 Hostname
2.9 Configure the network
2.9.1 Wired
2.9.1.1 Dynamic IP
2.9.1.2 Static IP
2.9.2 Wireless
2.9.3 Analog modem, ISDN or PPoE DSL
2.10 Create an initial ramdisk environment
2.11 Set the root password
2.12 Install and configure a bootloader
2.12.1 For BIOS motherboards
2.12.1.1 Syslinux
2.12.1.2 GRUB
2.12.2 For UEFI motherboards
2.12.2.1 EFISTUB
2.12.2.2 GRUB
2.13 Unmount the partitions and reboot
3 Post-installation
3.1 User management
3.2 Package management
3.3 Service management
3.4 Sound
3.5 Graphical User Interface
3.5.1 Install X
3.5.2 Install a video driver
3.5.3 Install input drivers
3.5.4 Configure X
3.5.5 Test X
3.5.5.1 Troubleshooting
3.5.6 Fonts
3.5.7 Choose and install a graphical interface
4 Appendix
Preparation
Note: If you wish to install from an existing GNU/Linux distribution, please
see this article.
This can be useful particularly if you plan to install Arch via VNC or SSH re
motely.
Burn or write the latest installation medium
The latest release of the installation media can be obtained from the Downloa
d page. Note that
the single ISO image supports both 32 and 64-bit architectures. A new ISO ima
ge is released
about once every month and it is highly recommended to always use the latest
ISO image.
Burn the ISO image on a CD or DVD with your preferred software.
Note: The quality of optical drives and the discs themselves varies greatly.
Generally, using
a slow burn speed is recommended for reliable burns. If you are experiencing
unexpected
behaviour from the disc, try burning at the lowest speed supported by your bu
rner.
Or you can write the ISO image to a USB stick. For detailed instructions, see
USB
Installation Media.
Installing over the network
Instead of writing the boot media to a disc or USB stick, you may alternative
ly boot the .iso
image over the network. This works well when you already have a server set up
. Please see this
article for more information, and then continue to Boot the installation medi
um.
Installing on a virtual machine
Installing on a virtual machine is a good way to become familiar with Arch Li
nux and its
installation procedure without leaving your current operating system and repa
rtitioning the
storage drive. It will also let you keep this Beginners' Guide open in your b
rowser throughout
the installation. Some users may find it beneficial to have an independent Ar
ch Linux system
on a virtual drive, for testing purposes.
Examples of virtualization software are VirtualBox, VMware, QEMU, Xen, Varch,
Parallels.
The exact procedure for preparing a virtual machine depends on the software,
but will
generally follow these steps:
1.Create the virtual disk image that will host the operating system.
2.Properly configure the virtual machine parameters.
3.Boot the downloaded ISO image with a virtual CD drive.
4.Continue with Boot the installation medium.
The following articles may be helpful:
Arch Linux as VirtualBox guest
Arch Linux as VirtualBox guest on a physical drive
Arch Linux as VMware guest
Moving an existing install into (or out of) a virtual machine
Boot the installation medium
First, you may have to change the boot order in your computer's BIOS. To do t
his, you have to
press a key (usually Delete, F1, F2, F11 or F12) during the POST (Power On Se
lf-Test) phase.
Then, select "Boot Arch Linux" from the menu and press Enter in order to begi
n with the
installation.
Note: The memory requirement for a basic install is 64 MB of RAM.
Note: Users seeking to perform the Arch Linux installation remotely via an SS
H connection are
encouraged to make a few tweaks at this point to enable SSH connections direc
tly to the live
CD environment. If interested, see the Install from SSH article.
Once you have booted into the live environment, your shell is Zsh; this will
provide you
advanced Tab completion, and other features as part of the grml config.
Testing if you are booted into UEFI mode
In case you have a UEFI motherboard and UEFI Boot mode is enabled (and is pre
ferred over
BIOS/Legacy mode), the CD/USB will automatically launch Arch Linux kernel (EF
ISTUB via
Gummiboot Boot Manager). To test if you have booted into UEFI mode check if d
irectory
/sys/firmware/efi has been created:
# ls -1 /sys/firmware/efi
Note: For several kernels now, CONFIG_EFI_VARS has been compiled into the ker
nel. Thus efivars
no longer exists as a module and doesn't need to be loaded manually.
Troubleshooting boot problems
If you're using an Intel video chipset and the screen goes blank during the b
oot process,
the problem is likely an issue with Kernel Mode Setting. A possible worka
round may be
achieved by rebooting and pressing Tab over the entry that you're trying
to boot (i686 or
x86_64). At the end of the string type nomodeset and press Enter. Alterna
tively, try
video=SVIDEO-1:d which, if it works, will not disable kernel mode setting
. See the Intel
article for more information.
If the screen does not go blank and the boot process gets stuck while trying
to load the
kernel, press Tab while hovering over the menu entry, type acpi=off at th
e end of the
string and press Enter.
Installation
You are now presented with a shell prompt, automatically logged in as root.
Change the language
Tip: These are optional for the majority of users. Useful only if you plan on
writing in your
own language in any of the configuration files, if you use diacritical marks
in the Wi-Fi
password, or if you would like to receive system messages (e.g. possible erro
rs) in your own
language.
By default, the keyboard layout is set to us. If you have a non-US keyboard l
ayout, run:
# loadkeys layout
...where layout can be fr, uk, be-latin1, etc. See here for a comprehensive l
ist.
The font should also be changed, because most languages use more glyphs than
the 26 letter
English alphabet. Otherwise some foreign characters may show up as white squa
res or as other
symbols. Note that the name is case-sensitive, so please type it exactly as y
ou see it:
# setfont Lat2-Terminus16
By default, the language is set to English (US). If you would like to change
the language for
the install process (German, in this example), remove the # in front of the l
ocale you want
from /etc/locale.gen, along with English (US). Please choose the UTF-8 entry.
Use Ctrl+X to exit, and when prompted to save changes, press Y and Enter to u
se the same
filename.
# nano /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8
# locale-gen
# export LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
Remember, LAlt+LShift activates and deactivates the keymap.
Establish an internet connection
Warning: udev no longer assigns network interface names according to the wlan
X and ethX naming
scheme. If you are coming from a different distribution or are reinstalling A
rch and not aware
of the new interface naming style, please do not assume that your wireless in
terface is named
wlan0, or that your wired interface is named eth0. You can use the command ip
addr show to
discover the names of your interfaces.
From systemd-197's release and onward, udev now assigns predictable, stable n
etwork interface
names that deviate from the legacy incremental naming scheme (wlan0, wlan1, e
tc.). These
interface names are guaranteed to be persistent across reboots, which solves
the problem of
the lack of predictability of network interface name assignment. For more inf
ormation about
why this was necessary, read
http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceN
ames .
The dhcpcd network daemon is started automatically at boot and it will attemp
t to start a
wired connection, if available. Try pinging a website to see if it was succes
sful. And since
Google is always on...
# ping -c 3 www.google.com
PING www.l.google.com (74.125.132.105) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from wb-in-f105.1e100.net (74.125.132.105): icmp_req=1 ttl=50 time=17.
0 ms
64 bytes from wb-in-f105.1e100.net (74.125.132.105): icmp_req=2 ttl=50 time=18.
2 ms
64 bytes from wb-in-f105.1e100.net (74.125.132.105): icmp_req=3 ttl=50 time=16.
6 ms
--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 16.660/17.320/18.254/0.678 ms
If you get a ping: unknown host error, first check if there is any problem wi
th your cable (or
if you have enough wireless signal), otherwise you will need to set up the ne
twork manually,
as explained below.
Otherwise, move on to Prepare the storage drive.
Wired
Follow this procedure if you need to set up a wired connection via a static I
P address.
First, disable the dhcpcd service which was started automatically at boot:
# systemctl stop dhcpcd.service
Identify the name of your Ethernet interface.
# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAUL
T
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp2s0f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT
qlen 1000
link/ether 00:11:25:31:69:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DO
RMANT qlen 1000
link/ether 01:02:03:04:05:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
In this example, the Ethernet interface is enp2s0f0. If you are unsure, your
Ethernet
interface is likely to start with the letter "e", and unlikely to be "lo" or
start with the
letter "w". You can also use iwconfig and see which interfaces are not wirele
ss:
# iwconfig
enp2s0f0 no wireless extensions.
wlp3s0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"NETGEAR97"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.427 GHz Access Point: 2C:B0:5D:9C:72:BF
Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=16 dBm
Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:on
Link Quality=61/70 Signal level=-49 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:430 Missed beacon:0
lo no wireless extensions.
In this example, neither enp2s0f0 nor the loopback device have wireless exten
sions, meaning
enp2s0f0 is our Ethernet interface.
You also need to know these settings:
Static IP address.
Subnet mask.
Gateway's IP address.
Name servers' (DNS) IP addresses.
Domain name (unless you are on a local LAN, in which case you can make it up)
.
Activate the connected Ethernet interface (e.g. enp2s0f0):
# ip link set enp2s0f0 up
Add the address:
# ip addr add ip_address/subnetmask dev interface_name
For example:
# ip addr add 192.168.1.2/24 dev enp2s0f0
For more options, run man ip.
Add your gateway like this, substituting your own gateway's IP address:
# ip route add default via ip_address
For example:
# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
Edit resolv.conf, substituting your name servers' IP addresses and your local
domain name:
# nano /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 61.23.173.5
nameserver 61.95.849.8
search example.com
Note: Currently, you may include a maximum of three nameserver lines.
You should now have a working network connection. If you do not, check the de
tailed Network
Configuration page.
Wireless
Follow this procedure if you need wireless connectivity (Wi-Fi) during the in
stallation
process.
First, identify the name of your wireless interface.
# iwconfig
enp2s0f0 no wireless extensions.
wlp3s0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"NETGEAR97"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.427 GHz Access Point: 2C:B0:5D:9C:72:BF
Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=16 dBm
Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:on
Link Quality=61/70 Signal level=-49 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:430 Missed beacon:0
lo no wireless extensions.
In this example, wlp3s0 is the available wireless interface. If you are unsur
e, your wireless
interface is likely to start with the letter "w", and unlikely to be "lo" or
start with the
letter "e".
Note: If you do not see output similar to this, then your wireless driver has
not been loaded.
If this is the case, you must load the driver yourself. Please see Wireless S
etup for more
detailed information.
Bring the interface up with:
# ip link set wlp3s0 up
A small percentage of wireless chipsets also require firmware, in addition to
a corresponding
driver. If the wireless chipset requires firmware, you are likely to receive
this error when
bringing the interface up:
# ip link set wlp3s0 up
SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory
If unsure, invoke dmesg to query the kernel log for a firmware request from t
he wireless
chipset.
Example output from an Intel chipset which requires and has requested firmwar
e from the kernel
at boot:
# dmesg | grep firmware
firmware: requesting iwlwifi-5000-1.ucode
If there is no output, it may be concluded that the system's wireless chipset
does not require
firmware.
Warning: Wireless chipset firmware packages (for cards which require them) ar
e pre-installed
under /usr/lib/firmware in the live environment (on CD/USB stick) but must be
explicitly
installed to your actual system to provide wireless functionality after you r
eboot into it!
Package installation is covered later in this guide. Ensure installation of b
oth your wireless
module and firmware before rebooting! See Wireless Setup if you are unsure ab
out the
requirement of corresponding firmware installation for your particular chipse
t.
Next, use netctl's wifi-menu to connect to a network:
# wifi-menu wlp3s0
You should now have a working network connection. If you do not, check the de
tailed Wireless
Setup page.
Analog modem, ISDN or PPoE DSL
For xDSL, dial-up and ISDN connections, see Direct Modem Connection.
Behind a proxy server
If you are behind a proxy server, you will need to export the http_proxy and
ftp_proxy
environment variables. See Proxy settings for more information.
Prepare the storage drive
Warning: Partitioning can destroy data. You are strongly cautioned and advise
d to backup any
critical data before proceeding.
Absolute beginners are encouraged to use a graphical partitioning tool. GPart
ed is a good
example, and is provided as a "live" CD. It is also included on live CDs of m
ost Linux
distributions such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint. A drive should first be partitio
ned and the
partitions should be formatted with a file system before rebooting.
The recommendation for a system that will boot via UEFI rather than MBR legac
y boot is to
format the drive using a GPT partition table. This means that if the drive wa
s previously
already partitioned with an MBR (MSDOS) partition table it will now have a ne
w partition table
created which will destroy all other data on the drive. Once the new partitio
n table has been
created on a drive, only then can individual partitions be created with any c
hosen format
type. When using Gparted, selecting the option to create a new partition tabl
e gives an
"msdos" partition table by default. If you are intending to follow the advice
to create a GPT
partition table then you need to choose "Advanced" and then select "gpt" from
the drop-down
menu. This cannot be done if you have a pre-existing Windows installation on
the drive which
you wish not to destroy. It is therefore extremely important to not change th
e partition table
to GPT if you intend on having a dual boot system. Leave the Windows install
untouched and try
to get the Linux install working with UEFI on a drive that contains an MBR (l
egacy) partition
table.
In addition, some newer computers come pre-installed with Windows 8 which wil
l be using Secure
Boot. Arch Linux currently does not support Secure Boot, but some Windows 8 i
nstallations have
been seen not to boot if Secure Boot is turned off in the BIOS. In some cases
it is necessary
to turn off both Secure Boot as well as Fastboot in the BIOS options in order
to allow Windows
8 to boot without Secure Boot. However there are potential security risks in
turning off
Secure Boot for booting up Windows 8. Therefore, it may be a better option to
keep the Windows
8 install intact and have an independent hard drive for the Linux install - w
hich can then be
partitioned from scratch using a GPT partition table. Once that is done, crea
ting several
ext4/FAT32/swap partitions on the second drive may be a better way forward if
the computer has
two drives available. This is often not easy or possible on a small laptop. C
urrently, Secure
Boot is still not in a fully stable state for reliable operation, even for Li
nux distributions
that support it.
See Swap for details if you wish to set up a swap partition or swap file. A s
wap file is
easier to resize than a partition and can be created at any point after insta
llation, but
cannot be used with a Btrfs filesystem.
If you have already done so, proceed to Mount the partitions.
Otherwise, see the following example.
Example
The Arch Linux install media includes the following partitioning tools: fdisk
, gdisk, cfdisk,
cgdisk, parted.
Tip: Use the lsblk command to list the hard disks attached to your system, al
ong with the
sizes of their existing partitions. This will help you to be confident you ar
e partitioning
the right disk.
Notes regarding UEFI boot:
If you have a UEFI motherboard, you will need to create an extra UEFI System
Partition.
It is recommended to always use GPT for UEFI boot, as some UEFI firmwares do
not allow
UEFI-MBR boot.
Notes regarding GPT partitioning:
If you are not dual booting with Windows, then it is advisable to use GPT ins
tead of MBR.
Read GPT for a list of advantages.
If you have a BIOS motherboard (or plan on booting in BIOS compatibility mode
) and you
want to setup GRUB on a GPT-partitioned drive, you will need to create an
extra BIOS Boot
Partition. Syslinux does not need one.
Some BIOS systems may have issues with GPT. See http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/8
035.html and
http://rodsbooks.com/gdisk/bios.html for more info and possible workaroun
ds.
Note: If you are installing to a USB flash key, see Installing Arch Linux on
a USB key.
The example system will contain a 15 GB root partition, and a home partition
for the remaining
space. Choose either MBR or GPT. Do not choose both!
It should be emphasized that partitioning is a personal choice and that this
example is only
for illustrative purposes. See Partitioning.
Root:
Choose New (or press N) Enter for Primary type in "15360"
Enter
for Beginning Enter for Bootable.
MBR cfdisk/dev/sda Home:
Press the down arrow to move to the free space area.
Choose New (or press N) Enter for Primary Enter to use th
e rest of
the drive (or you could type in the desired size).
Root:
Choose New (or press N) Enter for the first sector (2048)
type in
"15G" Enter for the default hex code (8300) Enter for
a blank
partition name.
Home:
GPT cgdisk/dev/sda
Press the down arrow a couple of times to move to the lar
ger free
space area.
Choose New (or press N) Enter for the first sector Enter
to use
the rest of the drive (or you could type in the desir
ed size; for
example "30G") Enter for the default hex code (8300)
Enter for a
blank partition name.
If you chose MBR, here is what it should look like:
Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
sda1 Boot Primary Linux 15360
sda2 Primary Linux 133000*
If you chose GPT, here is what it should look like:
Part. # Size Partition Type Partition Name
----------------------------------------------------------------
1007.0 KiB free space
1 15.0 GiB Linux filesystem
2 123.45 GiB Linux filesystem
Double check and make sure that you are happy with the partition sizes as wel
l as the
partition table layout before continuing.
If you would like to start over, you can simply select Quit (or press Q) to e
xit without
saving changes and then restart cfdisk (or cgdisk).
If you are satisfied, choose Write (or press Shift+W) to finalize and to writ
e the partition
table to the drive. Type "yes" and choose Quit (or press Q) to exit without m
aking any more
changes.
Simply partitioning is not enough; the partitions also need a filesystem. To
format the
partitions with an ext4 filesystem:
Warning: Double check and triple check that it is actually /dev/sda1 and /dev
/sda2 that you
want to format. You can use lsblk to help with this.
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
If you have made a partition dedicated to swap (code 82), do not forget to fo
rmat and activate
it with:
# mkswap /dev/sdaX
# swapon /dev/sdaX
Mount the partitions
Each partition is identified with a number suffix. For example, sda1 specifie
s the first
partition of the first drive, while sda designates the entire drive.
To display the current partition layout:
# lsblk /dev/sda
Note: Do not mount more than one partition to the same directory. And pay att
ention, because
the mounting order is important.
First, mount the root partition on /mnt. Following the example when using cfd
isk above (yours
may be different), it would be:
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
Then mount the home partition and any other separate partition (/boot, /var,
etc), if you have
any:
# mkdir /mnt/home
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/home
In case you have a UEFI motherboard, mount the UEFI partition:
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
# mount /dev/sdaX /mnt/boot/efi
Select a mirror
Before installing, you may want to edit the mirrorlist file and place your pr
eferred mirror
first. A copy of this file will be installed on your new system by pacstrap a
s well, so it is
worth getting it right.
# nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
##
## Arch Linux repository mirrorlist
## Sorted by mirror score from mirror status page
## Generated on 2012-MM-DD
##
Server = http://mirror.example.xyz/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
...
Alt+6 to copy a Server line.
PageUp key to scroll up.
Ctrl+U to paste it at the top of the list.
Ctrl+X to exit, and when prompted to save changes, press Y and Enter to use t
he same
filename.
If you want, you can make it the only mirror available by getting rid of ever
ything else
(using Ctrl+K), but it is usually a good idea to have a few more, in case the
first one goes
offline.
Tip:
Use the Mirrorlist Generator to get an updated list for your country. HTTP mi
rrors are
faster than FTP, because of something called keepalive. With FTP, pacman
has to send out a
signal each time it downloads a package, resulting in a brief pause. For
other ways to
generate a mirror list, see Sorting mirrors and Reflector.
Arch Linux MirrorStatus reports various aspects about the mirrors such as net
work problems
with mirrors, data collection problems, the last time mirrors have been s
ynced, etc.
Note:
Whenever in the future you change your list of mirrors, always remember to fo
rce pacman to
refresh all package lists with pacman -Syy. This is considered to be good
practice and
will avoid possible headaches. See Mirrors for more information.
If you are using an older installation medium, your mirrorlist might be outda
ted, which
might lead to problems when updating Arch Linux (see FS#22510). Therefore
it is advised to
obtain the latest mirror information as described above.
Some issues have been reported in the Arch Linux forums regarding network pro
blems that
prevent pacman from updating/synchronizing repositories (see [1] and [2])
. When installing
Arch Linux natively, these issues have been resolved by replacing the def
ault pacman file
downloader with an alternative (see Improve Pacman Performance for more d
etails). When
installing Arch Linux as a guest OS in VirtualBox, this issue has also be
en addressed by
using "Host interface" instead of "NAT" in the machine properties.
Install the base system
The base system is installed using the pacstrap script.
The -i switch can be omitted if you wish to install every package from the ba
se group without
prompting.
# pacstrap -i /mnt base
Note: If pacman fails to verify your packages, check the system time with cal
. If the system
date is invalid (e.g. it shows the year 2010), signing keys will be considere
d expired (or
invalid), signature checks on packages will fail and installation will be int
errupted. Make
sure to correct the system time, either by doing so manually or with the ntp
client, and retry
running the pacstrap command. Refer to Time page for more information on corr
ecting system
time.
Note: If pacman complains that error: failed to commit transaction (invalid o
r corrupted
package), run the following command:
# pacman-key --init && pacman-key --populate archlinux
This will give you a basic Arch system. Other packages can be installed later
using pacman.
Generate an fstab
Generate an fstab file with the following command. UUIDs will be used because
they have
certain advantages (see fstab#Identifying filesystems). If you would prefer t
o use labels
instead, replace the -U option with -L.
# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
# nano /mnt/etc/fstab
Warning: The fstab file should always be checked after generating it. If you
encounter errors
running genfstab or later in the install process, do not run genfstab again;
just edit the
fstab file.
A few considerations:
Only the root (/) partition needs 1 for the last field. Everything else shoul
d have either
2 or 0 (see fstab#Field definitions).
Chroot and configure the base system
Next, we chroot into our newly installed system:
# arch-chroot /mnt
Note: Use arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash to chroot into a bash shell.
At this stage of the installation, you will configure the primary configurati
on files of your
Arch Linux base system. These can either be created if they do not exist, or
edited if you
wish to change the defaults.
Closely following and understanding these steps is of key importance to ensur
e a properly
configured system.
Locale
Locales are used by glibc and other locale-aware programs or libraries for re
ndering text,
correctly displaying regional monetary values, time and date formats, alphabe
tic
idiosyncrasies, and other locale-specific standards.
There are two files that need editing: locale.gen and locale.conf.
The locale.gen file is empty by default (everything is commented out) and you
need to
remove the # in front of the line(s) you want. You may uncomment more lin
es than just
English (US), as long as you choose their UTF-8 encoding:
# nano /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8
# locale-gen
This will run on every glibc upgrade, generating all the locales specified in
/etc/locale.gen.
The locale.conf file does not exist by default. Setting only LANG should be e
nough. It
will act as the default value for all other variables.
# echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Note: If you set some other language than English (US) at the beginning of th
e install, the
above commands would be something like:
# echo LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
# export LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
To use other locales for other LC_* variables, run locale to see the availabl
e options and add
them to locale.conf. It is not recommended to set the LC_ALL variable. An adv
anced example can
be found here.
Console font and keymap
If you set a keymap at the beginning of the install process, load it now, as
well, because the
environment has changed. For example:
# loadkeys de-latin1
# setfont Lat2-Terminus16
To make them available after reboot, edit vconsole.conf:
# nano /etc/vconsole.conf
KEYMAP=de-latin1
FONT=Lat2-Terminus16
KEYMAP Please note that this setting is only valid for your TTYs, not any gra
phical
window managers or Xorg.
FONT Available alternate console fonts reside in /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/
. The
default (blank) is safe, but some foreign characters may show up as white
squares or as
other symbols. It is recommended that you change it to Lat2-Terminus16, b
ecause according
to /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/README.Lat2-Terminus16, it claims to suppo
rt "about 110
language sets".
Possible option FONT_MAP Defines the console map to load at boot. Read man se
tfont.
Removing it or leaving it blank is safe.
See Console fonts and man vconsole.conf for more information.
Time zone
Available time zones and subzones can be found in the /usr/share/zoneinfo/<Zo
ne>/<SubZone>
directories.
To view the available <Zone>, check the directory /usr/share/zoneinfo/:
# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
Similarly, you can check the contents of directories belonging to a <SubZone>
:
# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe
Create a symbolic link /etc/localtime to your zone file /usr/share/zoneinfo/<
Zone>/<SubZone>
using this command:
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/<Zone>/<SubZone> /etc/localtime
Example:
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Minsk /etc/localtime
Hardware clock
Set the hardware clock mode uniformly between your operating systems. Otherwi
se, they may
overwrite the hardware clock and cause time shifts.
You can generate /etc/adjtime automatically by using one of the following com
mands:
UTC (recommended)
Note: Using UTC for the hardware clock does not mean that software will displ
ay time in UTC.
# hwclock --systohc --utc
To synchronize your "UTC" time over the internet, see NTPd.
localtime (discouraged; used by default in Windows)
Warning: Using localtime may lead to several known and unfixable bugs. Howeve
r, there are no
plans to drop support for localtime.
# hwclock --systohc --localtime
If you have (or planning on having) a dual boot setup with Windows:
Recommended: Set both Arch Linux and Windows to use UTC. A quick registry fix
is needed.
Also, be sure to prevent Windows from synchronizing the time on-line, bec
ause the hardware
clock will default back to localtime.
Not recommended: Set Arch Linux to localtime and disable any time-related ser
vices, like
NTPd . This will let Windows take care of hardware clock corrections and
you will need to
remember to boot into Windows at least two times a year (in Spring and Au
tumn) when DST
kicks in. So please do not ask on the forums why the clock is one hour be
hind or ahead if
you usually go for days or weeks without booting into Windows.
Kernel modules
Tip: This is just an example, you do not need to set it. All needed modules a
re automatically
loaded by udev, so you will rarely need to add something here. Only add modul
es that you know
are missing.
For kernel modules to load during boot, place a *.conf file in /etc/modules-l
oad.d/, with a
name based on the program that uses them.
# nano /etc/modules-load.d/virtio-net.conf
# Load 'virtio-net.ko' at boot.
virtio-net
If there are more modules to load per *.conf, the module names can be separat
ed by newlines. A
good example are the VirtualBox Guest Additions.
Empty lines and lines starting with # or ; are ignored.
Hostname
Set the hostname to your liking (e.g. arch):
# echo myhostname > /etc/hostname
Note: There is no need to edit /etc/hosts.
Configure the network
You need to configure the network again, but this time for your newly install
ed environment.
The procedure and prerequisites are very similar to the one described above,
except we are
going to make it persistent and automatically run at boot.
Note: For more in-depth information on network configration, visit Network Co
nfiguration and
Wireless Setup.
Wired
Warning: A bug has been noted in the install ISO, in which the name your inte
rface has during
installation differs from the one it will have upon reboot. See FS#33923 for
more details.
Use the command ip link (shows interface names) after rebooting into your ins
talled system to
find out if you are affected by this. If so, you will have to redo the config
uration described
below with the correct interface name.
Dynamic IP
Using dhcpcd
If you only use a single fixed wired network connection, you do not need a ne
twork management
service and can simply enable the dhcpcd service. Here, interface_name is you
r wired
interface:
# systemctl enable dhcpcd@interface_name.service
Using netctl
Copy a sample profile from /etc/netctl/examples to /etc/netctl/:
# cd /etc/netctl
# cp examples/ethernet-dhcp .
Edit the profile as needed (modify Interface):
# nano ethernet-dhcp
Enable the ethernet-dhcp profile:
# netctl enable ethernet-dhcp
Using netctl-ifplugd
Alternatively, you can use netctl's netctl-ifplugd, which gracefully handles
dynamic
connections to new networks:
Install ifplugd, which is required for netctl-ifplugd:
# pacman -S ifplugd
Then enable for interface that you want:
# systemctl enable netctl-ifplugd@<interface>.service
Static IP
Using netctl
Copy a sample profile from /etc/netctl/examples to /etc/netctl/:
# cd /etc/netctl
# cp examples/ethernet-static .
Edit the profile as needed (modify Interface, Address, Gateway and DNS):
# nano ethernet-static
Then enable above created profile:
# netctl enable ethernet-static
Wireless
This article or section is out of date.
Tango-dialog-warning.png Reason: netcfg is no longer in the official Tango-d
ialog-warning.png
repositories. The following section needs to
be changed to use netctl instead. (Discuss)
You will need to install additional programs to be able to configure and mana
ge wireless
network profiles for netcfg.
NetworkManager and Wicd are other popular alternatives.
Install the required packages:
# pacman -S wireless_tools wpa_supplicant wpa_actiond dialog
If your wireless adapter requires a firmware (as described in the above Estab
lish an internet
connection section and also here), install the package containing your firmwa
re. For example:
# pacman -S zd1211-firmware
See Wireless Setup and WPA supplicant for more info.
After finishing the rest of this installation and rebooting, you can connect
to the
network with wifi-menu interface_name (where interface_name is the interf
ace of your
wireless chipset), which will generate a profile file in /etc/network.d n
amed after the
SSID. There are also templates available in /etc/network.d/examples/ for
manual
configuration.
# wifi-menu interface_name
Warning: If you are using wifi-menu, this must be done *after* your reboot wh
en you are no
longer chrooted. The process spawned by this command will conflict with the o
ne you have
running outside of the chroot. Alternatively, you could just configure a netw
ork profile
manually using the templates previously mentioned so that you do not have to
worry about using
wifi-menu at all.
Enable the net-auto-wireless service, which will connect to known networks an
d gracefully
handle roaming and disconnects:
# systemctl enable net-auto-wireless.service
Note: From Netcfg#Net-Auto-Wireless: wireless-wpa-config profiles do not work
with
net-auto-wireless. Convert them to wireless-wpa-configsection or wireless-wpa
instead.
Note: Netcfg also provides net-auto-wired, which can be used in conjunction w
ith
net-auto-wireless.
Note: Wpasupplicant could be fail with message "WPA Authentication/Associatio
n Failed". In
that case, see this link for a solution.
Make sure that the correct wireless interface (e.g. wlp3s0) is set in /etc/co
nf.d/netcfg:
# nano /etc/conf.d/netcfg
WIRELESS_INTERFACE="wlp3s0"
It is also possible to define a list of network profiles that should be autom
atically
connected, using the AUTO_PROFILES variable in /etc/conf.d/netcfg. If AUTO_PR
OFILES is not
set, all known wireless networks will be tried.
Analog modem, ISDN or PPoE DSL
For xDSL, dial-up and ISDN connections, see Direct Modem Connection.
Create an initial ramdisk environment
Tip: Most users can skip this step and use the defaults provided in mkinitcpi
o.conf. The
initramfs image (from the /boot folder) has already been generated based on t
his file when the
linux package (the Linux kernel) was installed earlier with pacstrap.
Here you need to set the right hooks if the root is on a USB drive, if you us
e RAID, LVM, or
if /usr is on a separate partition.
Edit /etc/mkinitcpio.conf as needed and re-generate the initramfs image with:
# mkinitcpio -p linux
Note: Arch VPS installations on QEMU (e.g. when using virt-manager) may need
virtio modules in
mkinitcpio.conf to be able to boot.
# nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
MODULES="virtio virtio_blk virtio_pci virtio_net"
Set the root password
Set the root password with:
# passwd
Install and configure a bootloader
For BIOS motherboards
For BIOS systems, there are three bootloaders - Syslinux, GRUB, and LILO. Cho
ose the
bootloader as per your convenience. Below only Syslinux and GRUB are explaine
d.
Syslinux is (currently) limited to loading only files from the partition wher
e it was
installed. Its configuration file is considered to be easier to understan
d. An example
configuration can be found here.
GRUB is more feature-rich and supports more complex scenarios. Its configurat
ion file(s)
is more similar to a scripting language, which may be difficult for begin
ners to manually
write. It is recommended that they automatically generate one.
Note: Some BIOS systems may have issues with GPT. See http://mjg59.dreamwidth
.org/8035.html
and http://rodsbooks.com/gdisk/bios.html for more info and possible workaroun
ds.
Syslinux
Install the syslinux package and then use the syslinux-install_update script
to automatically
install the files (-i), mark the partition active by setting the boot flag (-
a), and install
the MBR boot code (-m):
Note: If you have partitioned the drive as GPT, install gptfdisk package, as
well (pacman -S
gptfdisk), because it contains sgdisk, which will be used to set the GPT-spec
ific boot flag.
# pacman -S syslinux
# syslinux-install_update -i -a -m
Configure syslinux.cfg to point to the right root partition. This step is vit
al. If it points
to the wrong partition, Arch Linux will not boot. Change /dev/sda3 to reflect
your root
partition (if you partitioned your drive as in the example, your root partiti
on is sda1). Do
the same for the fallback entry.
# nano /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
...
LABEL arch
...
APPEND root=/dev/sda3 ro
...
For more information on configuring and using Syslinux, see Syslinux.
GRUB
Install the grub-bios package and then run grub-install /dev/sda:
Note: Change /dev/sda to reflect the drive you installed Arch on. Do not appe
nd a partition
number (do not use sdaX).
Note: For GPT-partitioned drives on BIOS motherboards, GRUB needs a "BIOS Boo
t Partition".
# pacman -S grub-bios
# grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
# cp /usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo
While using a manually created grub.cfg is absolutely fine, it is recommended
that beginners
automatically generate one:
Tip: To automatically search for other operating systems on your computer, in
stall os-prober
(pacman -S os-prober) before running the next command.
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
For more information on configuring and using GRUB, see GRUB.
For UEFI motherboards
For UEFI boot, the drive needs to be GPT-partitioned, and a UEFI System Parti
tion (512 MiB or
larger, type EF00, formatted with FAT32) must be present and mounted on /boot
/efi. If you have
followed this guide from the beginning, you have already done all of these.
While there are other UEFI bootloaders available, using EFISTUB is recommende
d. Below are
instructions for setting up EFISTUB and GRUB (of course you choose only one o
f them).
Note: Syslinux does not yet support UEFI.
EFISTUB
The Linux kernel can act as its own bootloader using EFISTUB. This is the UEF
I boot method
recommended by developers and simpler compared to grub-efi-x86_64. The steps
below set up
rEFInd to provide a menu for EFISTUB kernels, as well as for booting other UE
FI bootloaders.
Alternative EFISTUB boot managers can be found on the page UEFI Bootloaders#B
ooting EFISTUB.
Both rEFInd and gummiboot can detect Windows UEFI bootloaders in case of dual
-boot.
1. Mount the UEFI System Partition on /mnt/boot/efi and chroot back into /mnt
.
2. Copy the kernel and initramfs files to /mnt/boot/efi:
# mkdir -p /boot/efi/EFI/arch/
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-linux /boot/efi/EFI/arch/vmlinuz-arch.efi
# cp /boot/initramfs-linux.img /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-arch.img
# cp /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img /boot/efi/EFI/arch/initramfs-arch-fallb
ack.img
Every time the kernel and initramfs files are updated in /boot, they need to
be updated in
/boot/efi/EFI/arch. This can be automated using systemd.
3. For the rEFInd boot manager, install refind-efi and efibootmgr:
# pacman -S refind-efi efibootmgr
4. Install rEFInd to the UEFI System Partition (summarized from UEFI Bootload
ers#Using
rEFInd):
# mkdir -p /boot/efi/EFI/refind
# cp /usr/lib/refind/refind_x64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi
# cp /usr/lib/refind/config/refind.conf /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind.conf
# cp -r /usr/share/refind/icons /boot/efi/EFI/refind/icons
5. Create a refind_linux.conf file with the kernel parameters to be used by r
EFInd:
# nano /boot/efi/EFI/arch/refind_linux.conf
"Boot to X" "root=/dev/sdaX ro rootfstype=ext4 systemd.unit=graphical.
target"
"Boot to console" "root=/dev/sdaX ro rootfstype=ext4 systemd.unit=multi-user
.target"
Note: refind_linux.conf is copied in the directory /boot/efi/EFI/arch/ where
the initramfs and
the kernel have been copied to in step 2.
Note: In refind_linux.conf, sdaX refers to your root file system, not your bo
ot partition, if
you created them separately.
6. Add rEFInd to UEFI boot menu using efibootmgr. Replace X and Y with the dr
ive and partition
of the UEFI System Partition. For example, in /dev/sdc5, X is "c" and Y is "5
".
Warning: Using efibootmgr on Apple Macs may brick the firmware and may need r
eflash of the
motherboard ROM. For Macs, use mactel-boot, or "bless" from within OS X.
# efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sdX -p Y -w -L "rEFInd" -l '\EFI\refind\refind_x64.efi'
Note: On some systems, the above command will not work properly. It will exec
ute without any
visible error, but the UEFI boot menu will not have been correctly updated wi
th a new entry.
To determine whether the command executed properly, run efibootmgr without an
y arguments and
see if a new entry has appeared in the list displayed. If there is no new ent
ry, then it will
not be possible to enter rEFInd upon reboot, as the UEFI boot menu has been l
eft unchanged. In
this case, you will instead have to enter the UEFI shell and manually add an
entry to the UEFI
boot menu with the bcfg command, as described here.
GRUB
Note: In case you have a system with 32-bit EFI, like pre-2008 Apple Macs, in
stall
grub-efi-i386 instead of grub-efi-x86_64.
# pacman -S grub-efi-x86_64 efibootmgr
# grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=arch_grub --recheck
# cp /usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo
Next, while using a manually created grub.cfg is absolutely fine, it is recom
mended that
beginners automatically generate one:
Tip: To automatically search for other operating systems on your computer, in
stall os-prober
(pacman -S os-prober) before running the next command.
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Note: grub-install should create a new entry in the UEFI boot menu. If it doe
s not, you will
instead have to enter the UEFI shell and manually add an entry to the UEFI bo
ot menu with the
bcfg command, as described here.
For more information on configuring and using GRUB, see GRUB.
Unmount the partitions and reboot
Exit from the chroot environment:
# exit
Since the partitions are mounted under /mnt, we use the following command to
unmount them:
# umount /mnt/{boot,home,}
Reboot the computer:
# reboot
Tip: Be sure to remove the installation media, otherwise you will boot back i
nto it.
Post-installation
Your new Arch Linux base system is now a functional GNU/Linux environment rea
dy to be built
into whatever you wish or require for your purposes.
User management
Add any user accounts you require besides root, as described in User manageme
nt. It isn't good
practice to use the root account for regular use, or expose it via SSH on a s
erver. The root
account should only be used for administrative tasks.
Package management
Pacman is the Arch Linux package manager. See pacman and FAQ#Package Manageme
nt for answers
regarding installing, updating, and managing packages.
If you installed Arch Linux x86_64, you may want to enable the [multilib] rep
ository if you
plan on using 32-bit applications.
See Official Repositories for details about the purpose of each repository.
Service management
Arch Linux uses systemd as init, which is a system and service manager for Li
nux. For
maintaining your Arch Linux installation, it is a good idea to learn the basi
cs about it.
Interaction with systemd is done through the systemctl command. Read systemd#
Basic systemctl
usage for more information.
Sound
ALSA usually works out-of-the-box. It just needs to be unmuted. Install alsa-
utils (which
contains alsamixer) and follow these instructions.
ALSA is included with the kernel and it is recommended. If it does not work,
OSS is a viable
alternative. If you have advanced audio requirements, take a look at Sound sy
stem for an
overview of various articles.
Graphical User Interface
Install X
The X Window System (commonly X11, or X) is a networking and display protocol
which provides
windowing on bitmap displays. It provides the standard toolkit and protocol t
o build graphical
user interfaces (GUIs).
To install the base Xorg packages:
# pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit
Install mesa for 3D support:
# pacman -S mesa
Install a video driver
Note: If you installed Arch as a VirtualBox guest, you don't need to install
a video driver.
See Arch Linux guests for installing and setting up Guest Additions, and jump
to the
configuration part below.
The Linux kernel includes open-source video drivers and support for hardware
accelerated
framebuffers. However, userland support is required for OpenGL and 2D acceler
ation in X11.
If you don't know which video chipset is available on your machine, run:
$ lspci | grep VGA
For a complete list of open-source video drivers, search the package database
:
$ pacman -Ss xf86-video | less
The vesa driver is a generic mode-setting driver that will work with almost e
very GPU, but
will not provide any 2D or 3D acceleration. If a better driver cannot be foun
d or fails to
load, Xorg will fall back to vesa. To install it:
# pacman -S xf86-video-vesa
In order for video acceleration to work, and often to expose all the modes th
at the GPU can
set, a proper video driver is required:
Multilib Package
Brand Type Driver (for 32-bit applications on Arch
Documentation
x86_64)
AMD/ATI Open source xf86-video-ati lib32-ati-dri ATI
Proprietary catalyst-dkms lib32-catalyst-utils
AMD Catalyst
Intel Open source xf86-video-intel lib32-intel-dri
Intel Graphics
Open source xf86-video-nouveau lib32-nouveau-dri
Nouveau
Nvidia xf86-video-nv
(legacy driver)
Proprietary nvidia lib32-nvidia-libgl
NVIDIA
nvidia-304xx lib32-nvidia-304xx-utils
Install input drivers
Udev should be capable of detecting your hardware without problems. The evdev
driver
(xf86-input-evdev) is the modern hot-plugging input driver for almost all dev
ices, so in most
cases, installing input drivers is not needed. At this point, evdev has alrea
dy been installed
as a dependency of the xorg-server package.
Laptop users (or users with a tactile screen) will need the xf86-input-synapt
ics package for
the touchpad/touchscreen to work:
# pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics
For instructions on fine tuning or troubleshooting touchpad issues, see the T
ouchpad Synaptics
article.
Configure X
Warning: Proprietary drivers usually require a reboot after installation. See
NVIDIA or AMD
Catalyst for details.
Xorg features auto-detection and therefore can function without an xorg.conf.
If you still
wish to manually configure X Server, please see the Xorg wiki page.
Here you may set a keyboard layout if you do not use a standard US keyboard.
Note: The XkbLayout key may differ from the keymap code you used with the loa
dkeys command. A
list of many keyboard layouts and variants can be found in /usr/share/X11/xkb
/rules/base.lst
(after the line beginning with ! layout). For instance, the layout gb corresp
onds to "English
(UK)", whereas for the console it was loadkeys uk.
Test X
Tip: These steps are optional. Test only if you're installing Arch Linux for
the first time,
or if you're installing on new and unfamiliar hardware.
Note: If your input devices are not working during this test, install the nee
ded driver from
the xorg-drivers group, and try again. For a complete list of available input
drivers, invoke
a pacman search (press Q to exit):
$ pacman -Ss xf86-input | less
You only need xf86-input-keyboard or xf86-input-mouse if you plan on disablin
g hot-plugging,
otherwise, evdev will act as the input driver (recommended).
Install the default environment:
# pacman -S xorg-twm xorg-xclock xterm
If Xorg was installed before creating the non-root user, there will be a temp
late .xinitrc
file in your home directory that needs to be either deleted or commented out.
Simply deleting
it will cause X to run with the default environment installed above.
$ rm ~/.xinitrc
Note: X must always be run on the same tty where the login occurred, to prese
rve the logind
session. This is handled by the default /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc.
To start the (test) Xorg session, run:
$ startx
A few movable windows should show up, and your mouse should work. Once you ar
e satisfied that
X installation was a success, you may exit out of X by issuing the exit comma
nd into the
prompts until you return to the console.
$ exit
If the screen goes black, you may still attempt to switch to a different virt
ual console (e.g.
Ctrl+Alt+F2), and blindly log in as root. You can do this by typing "root" (p
ress Enter after
typing it) and entering the root password (again, press Enter after typing it
).
You may also attempt to kill the X server with:
# pkill X
If this does not work, reboot blindly with:
# reboot
Troubleshooting
If a problem occurs, look for errors in Xorg.0.log. Be on the lookout for any
lines beginning
with (EE) which represent errors, and also (WW) which are warnings that could
indicate other
issues.
$ grep EE /var/log/Xorg.0.log
If you are still having trouble after consulting the Xorg article and need as
sistance via the
Arch Linux forums or the IRC channel, be sure to install and use wgetpaste by
providing the
links from:
# pacman -S wgetpaste
$ wgetpaste ~/.xinitrc
$ wgetpaste /etc/X11/xorg.conf
$ wgetpaste /var/log/Xorg.0.log
Note: Please provide all pertinent information (hardware, driver information,
etc) when asking
for assistance.
Fonts
You may wish to install a set of TrueType fonts, as only unscalable bitmap fo
nts are included
by default. DejaVu is a set of high quality, general-purpose fonts with good
Unicode coverage:
# pacman -S ttf-dejavu
Refer to Font Configuration for how to configure font rendering and Fonts for
font suggestions
and installation instructions.
Choose and install a graphical interface
The X Window System provides the basic framework for building a graphical use
r interface
(GUI).
Note: Choosing your DE or WM is a very subjective and personal decision. Choo
se the best
environment for your needs. You can also build your own DE with just a WM and
the applications
of your choice.
Window Managers (WM) control the placement and appearance of application wind
ows in
conjunction with the X Window System.
Desktop Environments (DE) work atop and in conjunction with X, to provide a c
ompletely
functional and dynamic GUI. A DE typically provides a window manager, ico
ns, applets,
windows, toolbars, folders, wallpapers, a suite of applications and abili
ties like drag
and drop.
Instead of starting X manually with startx from xorg-xinit, see Display Manag
er for
instructions on using a display manager, or see Start X at Login for using an
existing virtual
terminal as an equivalent to a display manager.
Appendix
For a list of applications that may be of interest, see List of Applications.
See General Recommendations for post-installation tutorials like setting up a
touchpad or font
rendering.
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beginne
rs%27_Guide
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Special:SpecialPages
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Beginners%27_Guide&printable=
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Beginners%27_Guide&oldid=2494
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. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%D0%91%D1%8A%D0
%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%C4%8Cesky)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Dansk)
. Anleitung fr Einsteiger
https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Anleitung_f%C3%BCr_Einsteiger
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Espa%C3%B1ol)
.
http://wiki.archlinux.ir/index.php/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%
DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7
. Installation
http://wiki.archlinux.fr/Installation
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%D7%A2%D7%91%D7
%A8%D7%99%D7%AA)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Hrvatski)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Magyar)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Indonesia)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Italiano)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C
%AC%E8%AA%9E)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%ED%95%9C%EA%B5
%AD%EC%96%B4)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Lietuvi%C5%A1ka
i)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Nederlands)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Polski)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Portugu%C3%AAs)
. Ghidul nceptorilor
http://wiki.archlinux.ro/index.php/Ghidul_%C3%AEncep%C4%83torilor
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%D0%A0%D1%83%D1
%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(Slovensk%C3%BD)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%D0%A1%D1%80%D0
%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8)
. Nybrjarguiden
http://wiki.archlinux.se/index.php?title=Nyb%C3%B6rjarguiden
. Yeni balayanlar rehberi
http://archtr.org/wiki/index.php?title=Yeni_ba%C5%9Flayanlar_rehberi
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1
%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD
%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
. Beginners' Guide
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide_(%E6%AD%A3%E9%AB
%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
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