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Active Movement

Voluntary movement
Movement performed or controlled by
the voluntary action of muscle, working in
opposition to an external force
Classification
Free exercise

Assisted exercise

Assisted resisted exercise

Resisted exercise
Free exercise
The working muscles are subject only to
the force of gravity acting upon the part
moved or stabilized

Performed by the patients own muscular
efforts with out the assistance or
resistance of any external force other
than gravity

Assisted exercise
When the muscle strength or co-
ordination is in-adequate to perform a
movement an external force is applied
compensate for the deficiency
Assisted resisted exercise
Muscle may be strong enough to work
against resistance in part of the range of
motion and not in other.
External force is applied are adapted in
every part of the ROM according the
ability of the muscle
Resisted exercise
The force of resistance is offered to the
action of the working muscle
To increase the power and endurance of
the muscle
Principal of resistance
When external force is applied to the
body lever to oppose the force of
muscular contraction , tension is
increased with in the muscle by resistance
and the muscle respond by increasing in
their power and hypertrophy.
The resistance should be strong enough
to increase the intramuscular tension to
maximum with out interfering the
muscles ability to produce coordinated
movement
Principles of resisted exercise
Starting position
Comfort and stability for the patient must
ensure.
The pattern of movement
It should be well known by the patient. if
not therapist should demonstrate it
passively or actively
Stabilization
Bone or bones of origin of the muscle
should be stabilized to increase the
efficiency
The resisting force
It should only exert pressure on the
surface of the patients skin which is in the
direction of the movement

The character of the movement
Movement should be smooth and
controlled ROM with fullest attention of
the patient
Repetition
No of repetition depend upon the
individual patient
Low resistance high repetition-old patient
High resistance low repetition-disuse
atrophy. OA ect
The co-operation of the patient

Resistance
Resistance force can be applied by
following ways
1. The therapist
2. The patient
3. Weight
4. Weight and pulley circuit
5. Spring and Thera-band
6. Water

Progressive Resisted exercise
De Lorme in 1945-de Lorme metal boot.

Intensity of the exercise is increased
either by repetition or increasing the
resistance or both.

One repetition maximum
The maximum weight which can be lifted
once only through the prescribed range

Ten repetition maximum
The maximum weight that can be lifted ten
times at natural speed with out rest
between lift.
Calculating 1RM
1RM = W/ [102.78 2.78(R)]/100, where
W is the weight used and R is the
maximal number of repetitions performed




Brzycki M. A Practical Approach to Strength Training. Masters Press, 1995.

De Lorme and Watkins
10 lift with of 10 R.M
10 lift with of 10 R.M
10 lift with 10 R.M

30 lift 4 times weekly and progress 10
R.M once weekly
MacQeen
10 lift with 10 R.M
10 lift with 10 R.M
10 lift with 10 R.M
10 lift with 10 R.M

40 lift 3 times a week. Progress 10 R.M
Every 1-2 week
Oxford technique
10 lift with 10 R.M
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 1 Lb
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 2 Lbs
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 3 Lbs
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 4 Lbs
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 5 Lbs
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 6 Lbs
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 7 Lbs
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 8 Lbs
10 lift with 10 R.M minus 9 Lbs

100 lift 5 times weekly. progress 10 R.M daily

progression
As the strength increased the resistance
must be increased proportionately

There are 4 method of increasing the
resistance to muscle
1. Increase the resistance force
2. Increase the leverage of resisting force
3. Alteration of speed of movement
4. Increase the duration of the exercise
Effect and uses of resisted exs
Power and endurance
Muscle power and endurance will be
increased due to increased intramuscular
tension
Circulatory effect
Blood flow to working muscle is increased.
continues for some time after the
exercise also

Blood pressure
There will be general rising of the blood
pressure
Heat-produce as result of strenuous
muscle contraction , stimulate heat
regulating centre to cause vasodilatation

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