1

B1

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

LEXIS

MORPHOLOGY



Dott.ssa C. Cawthra

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Entrance Test

Choose the correct answer.
1. (a) What time do you usually get up?
(b) What time usually do you get up?
(c) What time do usually you get up?

2. Does she work in an office?
(a) Yes, she works.
(b) Yes, she does.
(c) Yes, she does work.

3. (a) Does he got a sister?
(b) Does he has a sister?
(c) Does he have a sister?

4. (a) Champagne doesnt come from Italy.
(b) Champagne not comes from Italy.
(c) Champagne doesnt comes from Italy.

5. (a) I am not understanding the problem. Can you explain?
(b) I do not understand the problem. Can you explain?
(c) I not understand the problem. Can you explain?

6. (a) Do you can speak Japanese?
(b) Do you speak Japanese?
(c) Do you to speak Japanese?

7. (a) I have a party on Friday. Do you want to come?
(b) I am having a party on Friday. Do you want to come?
(c) I going to have a party on Friday. Do you want to come?

8. (a) What film stars are you liking?
(b) What film stars you like?
(c) What film stars do you like?

9. (a) Where did you be yesterday?
(b) Where were you yesterday?
(c) Where did you were yesterday?

10. (a) Did you enjoyed your holiday?
(b) Did you enjoy your holiday?
(c) Did you enjoying your holiday?

11. (a) I was watching the news when the phone rang.
(b) I watched the news when the phone rang.
(c) I had watch the news when the phone rang.

12. (a) What would you like doing this evening?
(b) What would you like to do this evening
(c) What would you like do this evening?
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13. (a) The teacher made the student to do his homework again.
(b) The teacher made the student do his homework again.
(c) The teacher made the student doing his homework again.

14. (a) He is very interested study philosophy.
(b) He is very interested in studying philosophy.
(c) He is very interested to study philosophy.

15. (a) The phones ringing. Im going to answer it.
(b) The phones ringing. Ill answer it.
(c) The phones ringing. I answer it.

16. (a) The weather forecast says it snows today.
(b) The weather forecast says it is snowing today.
(c) The weather forecast says it is going to snow today.

17. (a) I first came to Venice in 1987.
(b) I first have come to Venice in 1987.
(c) I first had come to Venice in 1987.

18. (a) My father never has ate caviar. He doesnt like it.
(b) My father has never eaten caviar. He doesnt like it.
(c) My father never ate caviar. He doesnt like it.

19. (a) If I have time tomorrow, I phone you.
(b) If I have time tomorrow, I will phone you.
(c) If I have time tomorrow, I am phoning you.

20. (a) The doctor said I should stop smoking.
(b) The doctor said I might stop smoking.
(c) The doctor said I have stop smoking.

21. (a) He will send me an e-mail as soon as he has time.
(b) He will send me an e-mail as soon as he will have time.
(c) He will send me an e-mail as soon as he is having time.

22. (a) When I was young I used playing the piano.
(b) When I was young I used to play the piano.
(c) When I was young I used to playing the piano.

23. (a) Mercedes cars are made in Germany.
(b) Mercedes cars made in Germany.
(c) Mercedes cars are making in Germany.

24. (a) If you won the lottery, what would you do?
(b) If you won the lottery, what you do?
(c) If you won the lottery, what will you do?

25. (a) The advice he gave me was very useful.
(b) The advice he gave me were very useful.
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(c) The advices he gave me were very useful.

26. (a) Nurses look for people who are ill.
(b) Nurses look after people who are ill.
(c) Nurses look up people who are ill.

27. (a) Excuse me. Could you tell me where the post-office is?
(b) Excuse me. Could you tell me where is the post-office?
(c) Excuse me. Could you tell me where the post-office?

28. (a) There isnt a lot milk in the fridge. Shall I go to the supermarket?
(b) There isnt many milk in the fridge. Shall I go to the supermarket?
(c) There isnt much milk in the fridge. Shall I go to the supermarket?

29. (a) What did you have for a dinner last night?
(b) What did you have for the dinner last night?
(c) What did you have for dinner last night?

30. (a) Thats the woman which acted in Mary Poppins!
(b) Thats the woman who acted in Mary Poppins!
(c) Thats the woman acted in Mary Poppins!


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UNIT ONE: Word order; present simple / present continuous; have/have got; plural and
uncountable nouns; like; it/the; emphasis
GRAMMAR REFERENCE:
An Intermediate English Syntax (IES) Geraldine
Ludbrook (Cafoscarina)

IES p. 17-18
WORD ORDER IN QUESTIONS
Question word Auxiliary Subject infinitive verb/present or past
participle
Qu A S I
Where do you live?
What does he do?
Why are they laughing?
How often do they go swimming?
How long have you lived here?



EXERCISE 1
Put the words in the correct order to form a question.

1. tennis often play you how do ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

2. get up time usually you what do ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

3. staying where they are ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

4. husband when your you meet did ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

5. rang phone doing you what were when the ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

6. the BBC how long you worked have - for ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

7. free time doing what do like you your in ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

8. father you your like do look ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

9. you - summer next going where are ?
__________________________________________________________ ?

10. you talking who to are ?
__________________________________________________________ ?
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Present simple

I speak English He speaks English
I dont speak Chinese He doesnt speak Chinese
Do you speak Italian? Does he speak Italian?
Yes, I do/No, I dont Yes, he does/No, he doesnt

general truths: Christmas is on 25th December
habitual action: I go to the gym every evening
describing art/literary works: The painting represents the artists dream
programmed future event: Term ends on Friday
subordinate clause in future time: Well phone you if we have an answer


Present progressive

[to be] + [verb + -ing]
I am watching television He is sleeping
Im not studying He isnt reading
Are you working?
Yes, I am/No, Im not

emphasis of continuing character of action in or around present: Hes studying at the moment
future event: Im meeting my professor tomorrow

Dynamic and state verbs
Dynamic verbs (describing an action) can be used in the progressive form.
State verbs (describing a state) are not usually used in this form.
Some verbs can be both dynamic and state, depending on their meaning.

There are five groups of state verbs:
1. verbs expressing feelings: like, love, hate, enjoy, detest, wish prefer
2. verbs referring to intellectual states. Forget, remember, understand, know, think, believe, doubt
3. verbs about wants: want, need
4. verbs of perception: feel, hear, see, smell, taste
5. verbs of being/having/owning: appear, seem, belong, possess, cost, own

Some verbs that can be both:
Think:
He always thinks hes right (opinion)
He is thinking about changing jobs (considering)
Have:
We have a new car (possession)
She is having a bath (taking; action)
See:
I see what you mean (understand)
Im seeing the doctor tomorrow (meeting; action)



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IES p. 95-98; 105-108
EXERCISE 2
PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Put the verbs in the correct form.

Two friends are talking.
1. Hello Tom. I havent seen you for ages. What ________________ (you/do) at the moment?
2. I ________________ (study) economics at university.
3. Do your parents ________________ (still/have) a dog?
4. Yes, they ________________. What about you? ________________ (still / you / play) football?
5. Yes. I ________________ (play) three times a week.

6. Whats the matter? You ________________ (look) very upset
7. I ________________ (not understand) this maths problem. Can you help me?
8. Of course. What ________________ (you /study) at the moment? Algebra.
9. Whos your teacher? Mr Brown. ________________ (you / know) him?.
10. No. I ________________ (think) of going to the cinema tonight. Would you like to come?

EXERCISE 3
Which sentence is correct?
1. Were studying the history of art this year.
We study the history of art this year.
2. Are you understanding the book?
Do you understand the book?
3. Im loving chocolate ice cream.
I love chocolate ice cream.
4. What a lovely party. Everyone enjoys it.
What a lovely party. Everyone is enjoying it.
5. He works at the moment.
He is working at the moment.
6. She speaks Russian and Chinese.
She is speaking Russian and Chinese.
7. I usually walk to work.
I am usually walking to work.
8. Salvatore comes from Sicily.
Salvatore coming from Sicily.

EXERCISE 4
Complete the following with the present simple or present continuous.
1. Tom ________________ (work) in a pizzeria.
2. We _____________ (meet) Anna for dinner this evening.
3. What ______________ he ___________________ (do) at the moment?
4. Liz always _______________ (look) so glamorous!
5. ___________ you _________ (come) down? Dinner is ready.

EXERCISE 5
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
1. She cant come to the phone now. She has a shower.
2. We are needing an answer from you before Wednesday.
3. Are you going out this evening? I dont know. It is depending on the weather.
4. Are you owning this motorbike?
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5.Id like to buy this coat. How much is it costing?
6. Im usually getting up at 6.00
7. This exercise is difficult. Im not understanding it.
8. Excuse me. Are you knowing the way to the museum?

EXERCISE 6
Choose the correct answer.
1. It is my brothers birthday today and he (has / is having / having) a party.
2. We (go / going / are going) round to his house at seven o clock this evening.
3. He (not usually celebrates / doesnt usually celebrate / isnt usually celebrating ) his birthday but
this one is special because hes forty.
4. After work I (go / am going / will going) to buy him a present.

HAVE VS. HAVE GOT
I have a dog
I dont have a cat.
Do you have a pet? Yes, I do. / No, I dont

I have got a dog
I havent got a cat.
Have you got a pet? Yes, I have. / No, I havent

EXERCISE 7
Choose the correct sentence.
1. (a) Do you got two sisters?
(b) Have you got two sisters?
(c) Have you two sisters?

2. (a) She cant answer the phone. She has a bath.
(b) She cant answer the phone. She has got a bath.
(c) She cant answer the phone. She is having a bath.

3. (a) He is having four children two boys and two girls.
(b) He does has four children two boys and two girls.
(c) He has got four children two boys and two girls.

4. (a) I havent got any money. I must go to the bank.
(b) I dont got any money. I must go to the bank.
(c) I havent any money. I must go to the bank.



IES p. 25-28
PLURAL AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Some nouns are always plural in English:
Thanks, clothes, savings, arms, scissors, glasses, trousers
Collective nouns have a singular form but plural meaning and are used with a plural verb form:
Police, people, clergy
Singular nouns with plural reference:
Advice, baggage, business, fruit, furniture, hair, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news,
progress
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EXERCISE 8
Complete the following sentences with is or are
1. Your hair ________ really long. You need a haircut.
2. My glasses ________ dirty.
3. Where ________ the money I gave you this morning?
4. The information the tourist office gave us ________ very useful.
5. The police ________ questioning the student about the murder.
6. Have you heard the news? It ________ really terrible.
7. This homework ________ really difficult. Can you help me?
8. His advice ________ to study more.
9. Our furniture ________ 10 years old. Lets look for something new.
10. The people ________ furious because the Prime Minister wants to increase the taxes.

EXERCISE 9
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. The teacher gave me some good advices.
2. Can you give me any informations?
3. The furnitures in this shop are very expensive.
4. Today Ive many works to do.
5. The police is looking for the thief.
6. People is complaining about the latest rise in taxes.

EXERCISE 10
LIKE
Match the questions with the correct answers.
1. What is your new neighbour like? A. Blond with blue eyes.
2. How is your father? B. Very friendly.
3. What does your son look like? C. Playing football.
4. What does he like doing in his free time? D. Much better, thank you.

IES p. 58-59
IT/THERE

It:
The time: Its nine oclock
The weather: Its hot today.
Manner: It was with great horror that we learned the truth
Duration: It was two whole months that we waited.
Time expression: Its years since Ive seen her.
There:
+ be
There is /are


EXERCISE 11
Complete the sentences with it or there
1. ________ wasnt a good idea to phone him.
2. Are ________ any good Indian restaurants here?
3. Is ________ any butter in the fridge?
4. Is that a Siamese cat? ________ has very big ears!
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5. ________ was raining when we left.
6. ________ was with great joy that we heard he was well.
7. Hurry up! ________ is half past eight already.
8. Her house is enormous. ________ are six bedrooms.
9. ________ is a pity we cant go to that party tonight.
10. Im afraid ________ is too late now. Theyve sold it.

NEGATIVE ADVERBIALS
He has never been late Never has he been late
She can rarely come Rarely can she come
He never listens Never does he listen
I seldom went on holiday Seldom did I go on holiday

EXERCISE 12
Rewrite the following sentences
1. He had hardly finished when the computer switched itself off.
___________________________________________________
2. I have never seen such a terrible film.
___________________________________________________
3. Stephen not only went round the world, he went by boat.
___________________________________________________
4. The children rarely get such wonderful presents as these.
___________________________________________________
5. She became so angry that she nearly hit him.
___________________________________________________

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PROGRESS TEST 1

1. What kind of a car ______________ ? [U6 p95]
/ does she has / she has / has she got /
2. I ______________ to work by car, but sometimes I walk. [U4 p81]
/ go usually / 'm usually going / usually go /
3. People ______________ against the rise in taxes. [U2 p27]
/ is protesting / are protesting / protests /
4. Why are you under the table? What ______________ ? [U6 p104]
/ do you do / do you / are you doing /
5. I ______________ what you are talking about. [U6 p108]
/ don't know / 'm not knowing / not know /
6. They saved our ______________. [U2 p2 7]
/ life / lives / the life /
7. ______________ was with great horror that I learnt the truth. [U3 p58]
/ That / It / What /
8. Never ______________ such a terrible accident! [U4 p84]
/ have I seen / I have seen / have I see /

Mistakes
1. I'm not seeing what the problem is. [U6 p108]
2. The police is examining the case. [U2 p27]
3. What do you in your spare time? [U1 p17]
4. What strange day! [U1 p21]
5. She can't come now. She has a bath. [U6 p108]
6. There isn't nothing I could do. [U1 p15]
7. I need informations about accommodation in Venice. [U2 p25]
8. Look! There is snowing. [U3 p61]
9. How is your new neighbour like? [U1 p17]
I'm visiting my sister-in-laws tomorrow. [U2
p30]
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UNIT 2: past tenses; present perfect; for/since; used to; articles; some/any; much/many;
possessives; present and past participles; comparatives and superlatives

Past simple
Regular verbs: add ed
Do/does become did
Yesterday I walked to work.
Did you have a nice weekend?
Yes, I did / No, I didnt
Key words: any expression describing time in the past: ago/last year/last month/when I was a
child/ in 1999

action occurring in past before time of speaking: Susan arrived an hour ago
past subjunctive in hypothetical conditions: I wish he were here
reported speech: She asked me if I played the piano


Past progressive
[was / were] + [verb + -ing]
I was watching the television when the phone rang.
What were you doing yesterday at nine o clock?
Key word: while

continuing action in the past: We were eating when you called earlier
describing scenes: The sun was shining and the birds were singing

Past perfect
[had] + [past participle
When I got home, they had finished eating.

action taking place in the past preceding another action in the past: the train had left when I arrived
at the station
past unreal events in hypothetical statements: If I had studied English better, I wouldnt have failed
the exam
reported speech: He said he had gone to the shops the day before



IES p. 98
EXERCISE 13
PAST SIMPLE / NEGATIVES AND IRREGULAR VERBS

Complete the sentences with the past simple of the verbs in brackets.
1. He _____________ (stop) working at 7 pm.
2. Richard _____________ (work) in a restaurant last summer.
3. I _____________ (not/see) my friends last weekend.
4. _____________ they _____________ (go) on holiday last year?
5. Tom _____________ (leave) school in 2008.
6. When _____________ you _____________ (come) to Italy?
7. Mark _____________ (fix) my stereo for me last night.
8. My grandmother _____________ (have) a cottage in the country.
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9. When_____________ the film _____________ (finish)?
10. They _____________ (organize) a surprise party for me.

EXERCISE 14
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets in the past simple.

1. When ____________ (you /move) to Italy?
2. Yesterday I ____________ (not / go) shopping because I was too tired.
3. When she was young she ____________ (use ) to go swimming every day.
4. There ____________ (be) a lot of people at the concert last week.
5. Im sorry. I ____________ (not /have) time to phone. Ill do it now.
6. I ____________ (eat) too much for lunch. I think Ill go for a walk.
7. He ____________ (write) to me but I havent replied yet.
8. What ____________ (you /say) ? I wasnt listening.
9. They ____________ (drive) for two hours and then stopped for a rest.
10. Who ____________ (drink) all the milk? Theres none left.

EXERCISE 15
What is the past simple of the following verbs?
1. fall
2. send
3. find
4. eat
5. buy
6. drink
7. keep
8. tell
9. write
10. break
11. bring
12. catch
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EXERCISE 16
Re-write the following sentences in the past:
1. I go shopping every Saturday.
Yesterday
2. He doesnt play tennis on Fridays.
Last Friday
3. Do you like that book?
.
4. I have got two cats.
When I was young I
5. They dont like travelling by car.
.

EXERCISE 17
Make sentences with the following words using the past simple.
1. When / they / leave / school?
_________________________________

2. He / wait / for two hours but she / not phone.
_________________________________

3. You / see the film on TV last night?
_________________________________

4. Tom / stop smoking last week / and he start playing football yesterday.
_________________________________

5. They ask / the teacher a question / but she / not answer.
_________________________________

EXERCISE 18
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
1. Where did you went last night?
2. I didnt knew the answer.
3. Sue maked a lot of noise.
4. I didnt liked my new teacher.
5. Took you your medicine?
6. Helen comed home late last night.
7. I didnt got up early this morning.
8. What did you saw at the cinema.

EXERCISE 19
Complete the sentences with the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets
1. The sun _____________ (shine) this morning but it isnt now.
2. Helen _____________ (tell) us a joke when you arrived.
3. I closed the door because the children _____________ (make) a noise.
4. I saw your father five minutes ago he _____________ (read) a newspaper.
5. The students _____________ (not do) anything when the teacher entered the classroom.
6. They _____________ (have) dinner when I rang.
7. He _____________ still _____________ (work) hard when I phoned at eleven.
8. Who _____________ you _____________ (talk) to on the phone this morning when I saw you?
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EXERCISE 20
IES p. 98; p. 106
PAST SIMPLE / PAST CONTINUOUS

Write questions for the following answers.
1. I was reading a book at 9 o clock.
_____________________________________
2. Yes, the sun was shining.
_____________________________________
3. No, I wasnt laughing about you.
_____________________________________
4. No, the television wasnt working.
_____________________________________
5. They were playing football when I left.
_____________________________________

EXERCISE 21
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1.____________ (you / speak) to Sally?
No. She ____________ (have) a bath when I phoned.
2. Who ____________ (you /speak) to when I saw you yesterday?
A friend I ____________ (meet) at the tennis club.
3. Look! It ____________ (snow) last night. Everything is white.
4. What ____________ (you /think) about McEwans latest book?
5. While I ____________ (walk) to work, I ____________ (phone) the dentist.
6. The station ____________ (be) full of people who ____________ (wait) for the train because it
was late.
7. He ____________ (drive) to the airport when he ____________ (hear) the news.
8. When he ____________ (drive) to work, he ____________ (have) an accident.
9. What ____________ (you / do) at seven o clock yesterday? When I phoned nobody
____________ (answer) the phone.
10. When the doctor ____________ (arrive), the child ____________ (sleep).


IES p. 102-104
EXERCISE 22
PAST SIMPLE /PAST PERFECT
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. The students ____________ (arrive) late because the train ____________ (break down).
2. They were late and when they ____________ (come) home, everyone ____________ (finish)
their meal.
3. My husband ____________ (be) furious when he ____________ (get) home because he
____________ (have) an argument with his boss.
4. When it ____________ (start) to rain, he ____________ (catch) the bus because he
____________ (forget) to take an umbrella.
5. I ____________ (go) home early because the children ____________ (forget) their keys.

EXERCISE 23
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PAST SIMPLE /PAST PERFECT / PAST CONTINUOUS
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

Fred Lorz, from New York, 1. ____________ (win) the marathon at the St Louis Olympic Games in
1904. He 2. ____________ (finish) the race in three hours 13 minutes. After the race Fred 3.
____________ (wait) to get his medal and the spectators 4. ____________ (cheer) him. Alice
Roosevelt, the daughter of the US President, 5. ____________ (be) in the crowd and some
journalists 6. ____________ (take) a photograph of Fred with her. But then suddenly somebody 7.
____________ (start) shouting cheat and soon everybody 8. ____________ (shout) the same
thing. It was true. Fred 9. ____________ (travel) 18 of the 42 kilometres in a friends car! Fred 10.
____________ (not / win) the gold medal and he was banned from athletics.

IES p. 100-102
PRESENT PERFECT

[has / have] + [past participle]
I havent finished my homework yet
Have you ever been to New York?
Yes, I have / No, I havent

1. Events related to the present:
I have lost my keys
Jane has just had a baby
Key words: just, already, yet, still
2. Experience
Have you ever been to New York?
Grisham has written over thirty detective stories
Key words: ever, never
3. Events/States that began in the past and continue in the present
She has lived in Italy for thirty years
He has been a teacher since 1985
Key words: for, since

EXERCISE 24
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.

1. I met Carol 10 years ago and we are still good friends.
I have known Carol for ten years.

2. I bought my bag in 2001 and I still have it.
I

3. I moved to Venice in 1990 and still live there.
I

4. She began teaching in 1980 and still teaches.
She

5. They came to university at nine o clock this morning and are still there.
They

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EXERCISE 25
Read the sentences in the past simple. Write new sentences using the Present Perfect without
the time expression.
1. I bought some books on Sunday.
_______________________________________
2. We put up some new pictures last week.
_______________________________________
3. My husband fixed the shelves at the weekend.
_______________________________________
4. We painted the house three years ago.
_______________________________________
5. We replaced all the windows last year.
_______________________________________


EXERCISE 26
PRESENT PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE
Choose the correct sentence

1. Can I have another book?
I read this one.
I have read this one.

2. Can you wait for me?
I havent finished yet.
I didnt finish yet.

3. What did you have for dinner last night?
What have you had for dinner last night?

4. Have you ever been to New York?
Did you ever go to New York?

5. When you were a student did you go to lots of parties?
When you were a student have you gone to lots of parties?

6. The film started at seven o clock not at eight.
The film has started at seven o clock not at eight.

7. She lived there for ten years now.
She has lived there for ten years now.

8. Where did you go on holiday last year?
Where have you gone on holiday last year?

9. Colombus has discovered America in 1492.
Colombus discovered America in 1492.

IES p. 101
FOR / SINCE

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For is used for the duration of time (for weeks/days/hours/a month
Sinceis used for a specific point in time (since Tuesday/1999/two oclock

EXERCISE 27
Complete the following sentences with for or since

1. They have been watching television __________ two o clock.
2. She has known her husband __________ thirty-five years.
3. I havent seen my best-friend __________ Christmas.
4. Theyve been playing with the computer __________ ages. Its time they stopped.
5. My father has had his car __________ fifteen years and he has no intention of buying a new one.
6. She has had that car ________ 1995.
7. My mother hasnt visited us _______ last Easter.

EXERCISE 28
Choose the correct answer:
1. I live here / I have lived here for seventeen years.
2. Someone has just stolen / just stole my car.
3. Im afraid the boat has left / left an hour ago.
4. Yesterday I have lost / lost my wallet
5. When did England win / has England won the World Cup?

EXERCISE 29
Complete the following sentences with one of the following:
yet already just never ever still
1. Has he finished his homework ________ ?
2. Have you _____ been to the United States?
3. Wait I minute. I have _______ come home. Let me take off my coat.
4. She _____ hasnt sent me the bill. Thats strange.
5. I have ______ seen such a terrible film in all my life.

EXERCISE 30
Find and correct a mistake in each sentence
1. I am here since last week.
2. Kevin had his new job for nine months. He loves it.
3. I lived here for ten years but Im going to move soon.
4. Margaret knows Mike for a year and a half.
5. We have been to New York in 2008.
6. How long do you have your cat?
7. They have known each other since three days.
8. Jane was a doctor for thirty years and she still enjoys it.
9. How long do you live in this town?
10. Shes had a headache for this morning.


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Used to do (verb + infinitive) expresses an action done regularly in the past, but not now (or vice
versa):
I used to swim a lot when I was young.
I didnt use to drive a car to work, but now I do.
Did you use to have a cat?

To be used to doing (adjective + preposition + gerund) expresses being accustomed to doing
something in the present:
I am used to getting up at 6.00 am.
I was not used to going to bed late.


IES p. 138-139
EXERCISE 31
USED TO
Make sentences (affirmative/negative/interrogative) with used to

1. Sally / have / a cat ?
_______________________________________________________ ?

2. People / not use / a computer.
_______________________________________________________

3. She / go / skiing ?
_______________________________________________________ ?

4. They / not like / classical music.
_______________________________________________________

5. Martins family / live / in Tokyo.
_______________________________________________________

6. I / not drink / coffee
_______________________________________________________

7. Your children / watch TV?
_______________________________________________________ ?

8. Tom / not work / in a bank.
_______________________________________________________.

IES p. 41-51
THE / AN / A / -
The indefinite article is used with:
singular, countable nouns to refer to something for the first time:
We have a cat and a dog.
Professions
Hes a doctor
Exclamations of what + countable noun
What a beautiful day!
20
The definite article is used:
Before seas, rivers, hotels, theatres, museums and newspapers
The Atlantic, the British Museum
If there is only one of something
The sun, the Queen, the Government
With superlative adjectives
Hes the oldest man alive.

There is no article:
Before plural and uncountable nouns when talking in general
Potatoes are good for you.
Before countries, towns, streets, languages, magazines, meals,
Before some places and with some forms of transport
at home / to school/university/by car/to bed/by bus/on foot
In exclamations with what + uncountable noun
What beautiful weather!


EXERCISE 32
Insert the correct answer.
1. Where is __________ telephone? I cant find it.
2. What happened at __________ end of __________ film?
3. Have you met my father? Hes __________ lawyer.
4. __________ River Thames starts near __________ Oxford in a village called Lechlade.
5. That was __________ best film I have seen for a long time.
6. __________ old people often feel lonely.
7. __________ rich are getting richer and richer and __________ poor are getting poorer and
poorer.
8. Dont forget you have __________ appointment with __________ dentist at three oclock.
9. They took __________ x-ray of his leg because it hurt.
10. What time do you usually have __________ dinner?

EXERCISE 33
Correct the following sentences using a, an, or the
1. The life is wonderful when the sun is shining.
2. Im reading interesting book at the moment.
3. My brothers accountant in a big company in London.
4. I really love walking on beach near my house.
5. Excuse me, is there post-office near here?
6. I bought pair of jeans on Oxford Street yesterday.
7. Paris is capital city of France.
8. He lives in small village in mountains in Austria.

IES p. 71
SOME / ANY

Some is used:
in positive sentences
in questions that are requests or offers
Any is used:
21
in questions and negatives

EXERCISE 34
Complete the sentences below with some or any

1. There arent __________ good Italian restaurants in this city.
2. Could you buy __________ milk when you go to the supermarket please?
3. Do you have __________ good books you can lend me?
4. There are __________ keys on the table. Are they yours?
5. Could you give me __________ information please?

MUCH/MANY/HOW MUCH / HOW MANY

Much is used with uncountable nouns in questions and negatives
Many is used with countable nouns in questions and negatives

EXERCISE 35
Complete the following sentences with: how much / how many / much / many
1. __________________ children has Liz got?
2. There isnt __________________ milk.
3. There werent __________________ people at the party.
4. __________________ hours do you work a week?
5. __________________ time have we got left?

EXERCISE 36
SOME / ANY
1. Toms got __________________ books for you.
2. The shop didnt have __________________ fresh fruit.
3. Please can I have __________________ more water?
4. They say they cant give us __________________ more information.
5. No, sorry. I cant lend you __________________ money.

EXERCISE 37
SOME- / ANY- / NOTHING / SOME- / ANY- / NOBODY
A: I think I can hear ___________________ walking on the stairs.
B: Hello, is ___________________ there?
A: I cant see ___________________
B. OK. Theres obviously ___________________ there.

A: Whats the matter?
B: Oh, Im going to a party on Friday and I cant find ___________________ to wear.
A: Dont worry. Ive got ___________________ you can borrow.

Few is used with countable nouns
Little is used with uncountable nouns
A lot / Lots of is used with both countable and uncountable nouns


EXERCISE 38
IES p. 76-77
MUCH / MANY / FEW / LITTLE
22
Complete the sentences below with one of the words/expressions in the box below.

much (3x) many (2x) little (3) few (2x)

1. There isnt __________ time. Youd better hurry up or we will miss the train.
2. Have you seen __________ films in English?
3. How __________ is that jacket? Its beautiful.
4. How __________ people live in Venice?
5. Not everyone could sit down at the concert. There were too __________ chairs.
6. Im sorry I have so __________ time. I would have loved to talk to you for a while.
7. There were a __________ problems with the contract but they soon sorted it out.
8. There was __________ information on the notice board. I had to ask them for more.
9. How __________ flour do we need to make that cake? Half a kilo?
10. We cant go on holiday. Weve got too __________ money.

IES p. 55
EXERCISE 39
POSSESSIVES
Complete the following conversation by choosing the correct answer.

Mary: Is that (my / mine / the my ) mobile phone, Ann?
Ann: No, this is ( mine / my / the mine).
Mary: Yes, youre right. Its silver not black. Whos got (my / mine / the mine) then?
Ann: Perhaps Sandra. ( Her / Hers / The Sandras ) is black, too.
Mary: Why dont we phone (the my / my / mine ) number and see (who / whose / whos) phone
rings?

IES p. 71
EXERCISE 40
NOBODY / NOTHING / SOMEBODY / SOMETHING / ANYBODY / ANYTHING
Complete the following sentences with one of the words in the box below.

somebody something nothing nobody anything anybody

1. The lights are on. __________ must be home.
2. There isnt __________ to eat. Shall we go out for a pizza?
3.There was __________ I could do to help. I felt terrible.
4. __________ is answering the phone. Ill try again later.
5. Would you like __________ to drink?

IES p. 69
PRESENT PARTICIPLES (-ing) / PAST PARTICPLES (-ed )

Present participles (-ing adjectives) describe a situation, person or thing:
This exercise is very confusing
Past participles (-ed adjectives) describe how people feel
We are confused by this exercise

EXERCISE 41
Complete each pair of sentences with the correct form of the adjective.
1. I was so (bored / boring) with the book I couldnt finish it.
23
The book was so (bored / boring) that I couldnt finish it.
2. The children were really (frightened / frightening) by the storm last night.
The storm last night was really (frightened / frightening),
3. The lecture the visiting professor gave yesterday was extremely (interested / interesting).
I was very (interested / interesting) in the lecture the visiting professor gave yesterday.
4. She was (embarrassed / embarrassing) by her mistake.
She found her mistake very (embarrassed / embarrassing).
5. The children are really (exciting / excited) about Christmas.
Children think Christmas is really (exciting / excited).

EXERCISE 42
Find and correct any sentences that are wrong.
1. Its nearly Christmas. The children are so exciting.
2. The instructions were very confusing.
3. Theres nothing to do here. Its a very bored village.
4. The film was so frightened that the children went upstairs.
5. Theyre very worried about the future.
6. I was absolutely amazing that Tom lost his job!
7. I can see you arent very interesting in my problems.
8. The news is very depressed.

COMPARATIVES / SUPERLATIVES

comparative superlative
Short adjectives cheap cheaper the cheapest
big bigger the biggest
Adjectives ending in -
y
funny funnier the funniest
heavy heavier the heaviest
Adjectives with two
or more syllables
careful more careful the most careful
boring more boring the most boring
Irregular adjectives good better the best
bad worse the worst
far further the furthest

EXERCISE 43
Write the comparative and superlative of each adjective
1. easy ___________________ ___________________
2. expensive ___________________ ___________________
3. far ___________________ ___________________
4. sad ___________________ ___________________
5. interesting ___________________ ___________________
6. big ___________________ ___________________
7. good ___________________ ___________________
8. funny ___________________ ___________________

Im younger than my brother.
She is the most intelligent student in the class.
Jim is as tall as Tom.

24

EXERCISE 44
Choose the correct sentence in each pair.
1. a) My essay is better than yours
b) My essay is more good than yours
2. a) This is the heavyest bag I have.
b) This is the heaviest bag I have.
3. a) Its the worse place in the world.
b) Its the worst place in the world
4. a) Florida is hotter than France
b) Florida is hoter than France.
5. a) Revising is boringer than shopping.
b) Revising is more boring than shopping.

EXERCISE 45
Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets.
1. Ive never been ___________________ (happy). This is the ___________________ (happy)
day of my life.
2. This restaurant is ___________________ (cheap) than the other one in the street. The food is
really good, too. I think its the ___________________ (delicious) food in town.
3. Who is the ___________________ (popular) actor in your country?
4. Ann is generous but Laura is even ___________________ (generous) than her.
5. Could you tell me the ___________________ (quick) way to get to Oxford from here?
6. Tom is a good player, but John is a ___________________ (good) player than him. But Mark is
the ___________________ (talented) player in the team.

EXERCISE 46
Complete the sentences using as .. as and a word from the box.
long difficult exciting tall much fast
cold quiet high

1. I dont think a hippopotamus can run ___________________ a lion.
2. This winter is cold but its not ___________________ last winter.
3. Im a bit early. The journey didnt take ___________________ I thought.
4. The Eiffel Tower isnt ___________________ the Empire State Building.
5. The children are asleep so Ill be ___________________ I can.
6. I got an A in my exam! It wasnt ___________________ I thought it would be.
7. I dont like apples ______________________ oranges.
8. The Alps arent ___________________ the Himalayas.

EXERCISE 47
Complete the sentences below. Use than or as . as and the adjective in bold.
1. Tom isnt as tall as Mark.
Mark is ___________________ Tom.
2. Florence isnt as expensive as London.
London is ___________________ Florence.
3. Im not a very good singer. Carol is.
Carol is a ___________________ me.
4. Shanghai is bigger than Moscow.
Moscow isnt ___________________ Shanghai.
5. Her house isnt very far away.
25
My house is much ___________________ than hers.
26
PROGRESS TEST 2
1. We went to the cinema last night but we ______________ the film. [U6 p98]
/ didn't enjoy / didn't enjoyed / haven't enjoyed /
2. They are not at home. ______________ answered the phone. [U1 p15]
/ Anybody / Somebody / Nobody /
3. My mother ______________ by air. [U6 p100]
/ never has travelled / is never travelled / has never travelled /
4. I ______________ a long time. [U6 p100]
/ have known Jane for / have known Jane since / know Jane for /
5. There was ______________ interesting programme on the radio last night. [U3 p47]
/ the / a / an /
6. There was ______________ food in the fridge. It was nearly empty. [U3 p48]
/ few / little / much /
7. I went out to meet a friend of ______________. [U3 p55]
/ me / my / mine /
8. Jack ______________ to Paris three times this month. [U6 p100]
/ is gone / has gone / has been /
9. I ______________ on the left because I've lived in Britain for a long time. [U8 p139]
/ used to drive / am used to driving / used to driving /
10. I was exhausted yesterday evening. I ______________ a hard day at work. [U6 p102]
/ have had / had had / had been having /

Mistakes
1. I have been writing three letters this morning. [U6 p107]
2. Why did he went to the police station? [U1 p17]
3. The story is not as frightened as I expected. [U4 p69]
4. He is gone to Madrid. He'll be back tomorrow. [U6 p100]
5. What were you thinking about his last play? [U6 p109]
6. What's his job? He is the doctor. [U3 p41]
7. I'll have to restore the my house. [U3 p55]
8. Policemen wear the uniforms. [U3 p47]
9. It is too much cold to go out at the moment. [U7 p119]
10. We haven't seen her since a long time. [U6 p100]


27
UNIT 3: Modals;

Modal auxiliary verbs have the following characteristics:
There is no infinitive form of these verbs; they are followed by the bare infinitive of the verb (apart
from ought to); there is no s in the third person singular present; they do not need the auxiliary do
to form the interrogative and negative forms; they have no ed and ing forms. The modal
auxiliaries are:
can, could, will, would, shall, should, ought to, may, might, must

ABILITY / POSSIBILITY / PERMISSION / REQUEST: CAN / BE ABLE TO / BE
ALLOWED TO / COULD

ABILITY:
Present: I can swim.
Past: I could ride a bicycle when I was 5.
I have been able to speak English since I was at school.
Future: I will be able to come to the meeting tomorrow.
PERMISSION:
Can/Could/May/Might I use your phone?
We were allowed to leave the lesson early.
REQUESTS:
Can / Could / Will / Would you buy me a newspaper, please?
POSSIBILITY.
It might/could/may rain later today.



IES p. 131-137
EXERCISE 48
Which category to the following sentences belong to?
Ability 1
Possibility 2
Permission 3
Request 4

1. My brother can speak three languages. _____
2. Can I leave early, please? _____
3. You can leave your car there. _____
4. Can you help me with my homework? _____
5. You can buy stamps at the local tobacconist. _____


IES p. 132
EXERCISE 49
Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences.
28
1. My brothers daughter (is not allowed to / not allowed to /cannot allowed) come home after ten
at night.
2. When I was young, I (could to play / could playing / could play) the clarinet.
3. Can you (able speak / able to speak / speak) Japanese?
4. Mr Smith (doesnt can come / cant come / cant able come) to the meeting.
5. Unfortunately we (were unable to / unable to / couldnt able to ) go to the party because our son
was ill.
6. She (is able to / can / has been able to) drive since she was 18.
7. It was too expensive so I (wasnt able buy / couldnt buy / couldnt to buy) it.
8. I (wont be able to / cant to / cant be able to) come to the meeting tomorrow. Im sorry.
9. He (wasnt able to / wasnt able / couldnt able) take the exam because he was ill.
10. It was snowing so heavily we (couldnt go / couldnt to go / not able to go ) out.

OBLIGATION:
Present.
You must study more.
You have to drive on the left in Britain.
Past.
They had to go to hospital.
Did you have to tidy your room when you were young?
Future.
I will have to climb the stairs. The lift is out of order.
PROHIBITION:
You mustnt touch that dog. Its dangerous.
He wasnt allowed to go out.
NO NECESSITY:
You dont have to / dont need to / neednt come with me if you dont want to.

IES p. 134-135
EXERCISE 50
OBLIGATION: MUST / HAVE TO

Rewrite the sentences using a form of have to (negative and affirmative)
1. Its necessary for children to wear a uniform.
Children _________________________________ a uniform.
2. I can stay in bed until late tomorrow.
I __________________________________ get up early tomorrow.
3. Why was it necessary for you to go to the office?
Why ______________________________________ the office?
4. Must you leave so soon?
_________________________________________ so soon?
5. I needed to make a phone call.
I _____________________________________ a phone call.
6. It wasnt necessary for us to buy anything.
We _______________________________________ anything.

29
EXERCISE 51
Write questions with have to
1. I have to learn a lot of words for homework.
How many ______________________ ?
2. They have to wear a school uniform.
What ______________________ ?
3. I had to wait a long time for my bus this morning.
How long ______________________ ?
4. They have to leave early tomorrow.
What time ______________________ ?
5. Im working all day on Saturday.
______________________ Sunday too?
6. I had to pay a parking fine yesterday.
How much ______________________ ?

EXERCISE 52
Put the correct form of must or have to in the following sentences.
1. I __________ leave work early yesterday because I felt so ill.
2. Im very sorry. You __________ use your mobile phone in the library. Its forbidden.
3. The students are happy because they __________ do any homework today.
4. My father has been very ill. He __________ stay in bed since the beginning of the month.
5. That film was excellent. You __________ go and see it!
6. My train leaves at 12.15 so I __________ get up early.
7. You __________ take money from my purse ever again!
8. I can hear you perfectly well. You __________ shout.
9. The doctor said I __________ drink alcohol.
10. Mark knows well be late. You __________ phone him.

IES p. 133-135, 141
EXERCISE 53
MUST / HAVE TO / NEED TO / MUSTNT / DONT HAVE TO / NEEDNT
Choose the correct option.
1. Her family is very rich. She (mustnt / mustnt to / neednt) work.
2. In this hotel you (mustnt / dont have to / dont need) pay for the water. Its free.
3. We (need / have to / must to) finish this assignment by Friday.
4. You (mustnt / dont have to / must) eat all your food. Leave some if you want.
5. In England children (have to / need / have) wear school uniforms.
6. You (mustnt smoke / dont have to smoke / mustnt to smoke) in here. Its forbidden.
7. Our English teacher isnt coming to school tomorrow so we (mustnt / dont have to / havent to)
do our homework.
8. The doctor said I (mustnt / dont have to / neednt ) smoke so much.
9. You (mustnt / dont have to / neednt) use your mobile phone in the library.
10. Tomorrow I have an important meeting. I (have to / need / dont have) get up early.

EXERCISE 54
Find and correct any sentences that are wrong.
1. I think you should smoke less.
2. Do you can drive a car?
3. Tom thinks it must rain later.
4. You must tidy your bedroom
5. Cindy musts go to the doctor soon.
30
6. Im afraid we must to leave now.
7. The dog doesnt should bury bones in the garden.
8. Could you to lend me your phone?
9. She cans sing very well.
10. I dont wouldnt like to be a politician.

MODALS TO EXPRESS ADVICE: SHOULD / OUGHT TO / HAD BETTER:
You should go to bed - you look tired.
You ought to go to bed you look tired
He had better go to bed you look tired .


IES p. 139-140
EXERCISE 55
Match a sentence on the left with one on the right.
1. I feel really tired. A. You should look for a new
one.
2. Ive never been to the USA. B. You should start studying
now.
3. Ive got a terrible headache. C. You should go to bed early.
4. Ive got an exam tomorrow and I havent done much work. D. You should take an aspirin.
5. Ive just lost my job. E. You should plan a trip.

EXERCISE 56
Complete the following sentences with ONE word.
1. You ought _________ go to bed earlier.
2. You _________ better not speak to me like that again!!
3. Im putting on weight. I _________ do more exercise.
4. Have you heard from Mark? He _________ to be here by now.
5. _________ we go and visit your parents this weekend?

MODALS TO EXPRESS DEDUCTION

Probability:
Stephen may/might be here, but Im not sure.
The bus should be here by now.
Dogs can be difficult to educate.
Deduction:
This painting cant be a Picasso-theres no signature.
You must betired after such a hard day.
She must have been tired.
He cant have known.

Modals expressing deduction and possibility
The modals must, will, may, might, cant and could also express deduction and possibility.

31

Present
The man must beextremely rich to own a Rolls Royce.
She must be working a lot at the moment. Shes never at home.
Youve just had lunch. You cant be hungry.
Ask Susan, she may/might know the answer.
The phone is ringing. It could bemy mother.


IES p. 135-136
EXERCISE 57
Choose the correct answer.
1. Congratulations! You (can be / might be / must be) really pleased!
2. That (cant be / might not be / mustnt be) Tom at the door. Hes still in the United States.
3. Im not sure. This (doesnt have to be / might be / mustnt be) the quickest way to the station.
4. If the traffic is bad, I (must be / should be / might be) late.
5. Ive no idea where the cat is. It (must be / could be / should be) anywhere.

IES p. 134-137
EXERCISE 58
MODALS TO EXPRESS VARIOUS DEGREES OF POSSIBILITY / CERTAINTY /
IMPOSSIBILITY
Choose the correct option.
1. Look at the sky. There (can / must / might) be a storm soon.
2. That (cant be / mustnt be / shouldnt be) John at the door. Hes in China.
3. Ive got no idea where your keys are. They (must be / could be / can be) anywhere.
4. Im afraid I (might / must / should) be late tonight. It depends on the traffic.
5.. That (mustnt be / cant be / shouldnt be) the time. It isnt dark yet.
6. Im not sure but I (must / might / could) be able to come to the meeting. Ill know tomorrow.
7. It (can be / might be / must be) terribly hot there in the summer.
8. You (mustnt be / shouldnt be / cant be) serious! That coat didnt really cost 1,000!

EXERCISE 59
Choose the correct option
1. We mustnt / dont have to forget to buy some milk.
2. She doesnt have to / mustnt work so hard, but she does.
3. Must / Should we pay for this by credit card?
4. We should / must remember to thank Tom and Ann for the present they gave us.
5. Footballers has to / have to train very hard to keep fit.
6. You mustnt / dont have to smoke in the office.
7. I dont think you should / mustnt read that book. Its boring.
8. You should / have to show your passport at the airport.
9. Does he has to / have to finish the report by Thursday?
10. I think we should / must take something to the party.

32
MODALS IN THE PAST

(I should study more) I should have studied more
(He might be on holiday) He might have been on holiday

The phone rang but I didnt hear it. I must have been asleep.
Jo is very tired. She must have been studying all night.
Tom drove straight into the wall. He cant/couldnt have seen it.
Wheres my dictionary? You may/might have left it on the bus.
I think he will have finished his exam by now.




IES p. 134-135
EXERCISE 60
Put the following into the past tense.
1. I shouldnt go to bed so late.
_______________________________________________________

2. They might be on holiday.
_______________________________________________________

3. She couldnt know that was why I didnt come.
_______________________________________________________

4. He cant leave.
_______________________________________________________

5. Shouldnt he be at school?
_______________________________________________________


33
NECESSITY:
The child needs to havehis own room.
Her hair needs cutting.



IES p. 141
EXERCISE 61
NEED + gerund
Rewrite the following sentences using need + gerund
1. I think its time for the windows to be cleaned.
The windows ______________________________________________ .
2. I think its time for the car to be washed.
The car ______________________________________________ .
3. Look at the plants. You didnt water them.
The plants ______________________________________________ .
4. Your hair is too long. You should go to the hairdresser and have it cut.
Your hair ______________________________________________ .
5. I think its time for the house to be painted.
The house ______________________________________________ .

IES p. 141
EXERCISE 62
NEED + INFINITIVE
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of need and the verb in brackets
1. If you want to pass the exam, you __________ (study) more.
2. __________ I __________ (come) to the meeting this afternoon?
3. We __________ (not leave) yet. We have lots of time.
4. If I go to the United States, __________ I __________ (have) a visa?
5. We have lots of time. You __________ (not rush).

34
PROGRESS TEST 3

1. When I was young, I ______________ very fast. [U8 p132]
/ can run / could run / might run /
2. I don't like hot weather but Anne ______________. [U8 p125]
/ likes / does / doesn't /
3. They didn't want to come at first but we ______________ to persuade them. [U8 p132]
/ were able / could / succeeded /
4. You ______________ come with me if you don't want to. [U8 p135]
/ mustn't / haven't to / needn't /
5. They live on a busy main road. ______________ very noisy. U8 p142]
/ It must be / There must be / It must have been /
6. The car needs ______________. [U8 p141]
/ cleaning / to clean / clean /
7. I'm feeling sick. I ______________ so much chocolate last night. [U8 p134]
/ didn't have to eat / shouldn't eat / shouldn't have eaten /
8. David says I ______________ got the job. I'll find out tomorrow. [U8 p134]
/ must have / had to / might have /
9. Children ______________ be very tiring sometimes. U8 p137]
/ can / have to / should /
10. It's very hot in here. ______________ I open the window? [U8 p137]
/ Will / Shall / Would /

Mistakes

1. You mustn't to take photographs in the theatre. [U8 p135]
2. Bob's a policeman. He have to wear a uniform. [U8 p135]
3. We didn't allow to wear make-up at school. [U8 p133]
4. I don't think you must hitch hike. It could be dangerous. [U8 p140]
5. He will arrive tomorrow morning, but he's not sure at all. [U8 p136]
6. I can drive since I was eighteen. [U8 p132]
7. I think it can rain this afternoon. [U8 p136]
8. The room needs to decorate. [U8 p141]
9. I think I should have left my dictionary on the bus. [U8 p135]
10. When I was young, I should play with my dolls for hours. [U8 p139]



35
UNIT 4: Time clauses, conditionals, futures

Time adverbials in a secondary clause + present simple
Present simple after:
when, after, as soon as, before, until
When I get home this evening, Im going to have a bath
Ill phone you as soon as I have any news.



EXERCISE 63
TIME CLAUSES AND THE CONDITIONALS
Choose the correct sentence in each pair.
1. a) Shes going to wait until hell come
b) Shes going to wait until he comes.
2. a) Ill get a newspaper when I go to the shops.
b) I get a newspaper when I will go to the shops.
3. a) As soon as you turn left, youll see the church.
b) As soon as youll turn left, youll see the church.
4. a) Peters going to meet us before he sees Sam.
b) Peters going to meet us before hell see Sam.

EXERCISE 64
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets
1. While you are away, I _____________ (look after) your cat for you.
2. Ill let you know as soon as Richard _____________ (decide) what to do.
3. Just stay here until we _____________ (get) back.
4. He wont do anything before he _____________ (receive) your letter.
5. I promise Ill send you an e-mail when my computer _____________ (be) fixed.

EXERCISE 65
Choose the correct answer. Sometimes two answers are possible.
1. We were really surprised _____________ (if / when / as soon as) he arrived unexpectedly.
2. Im really hungry! Lets go for dinner _____________ (before / as soon as / when) the film ends.
3. Dont eat that chocolate now. Wait until _____________ (after /when) lunch.
4. Im very busy but Ill go shopping _____________ (until / when / if) I have time.
5. Could you phone your parents _____________ (after / until / as soon as) dinner? You wont
have time later.
6. Oh no! I forgot to feed the dog. Ill do it _____________ (after / as soon as / when) we get home.
7. Well go skiing this weekend _____________ (when / after / if) it snows enough.
8. Were staying in a guesthouse _____________ (until / when / before) our new house is built.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Conditional 0 (situation always true if something happens):
If Im late for school, my father gives me a lift.

Conditional 1 (possible result):
If I havetime, Ill phone you.

Conditional 2 (imaginary result):
If I had time, Id phone you
36
If I were you I would go to the doctor.

Conditional 3 (past situation with hypothetical result):
If I had had time, I would have phoned you.



I wish/I f only

Reference to present time:
Wish /If only + noun/pronoun + simple past:
I dont have much time now = I wish / I f only I had more time.

Wish / If only + noun/pronoun + past subjunctive of verb to be:
You are not here but I would like you to be here = I wish / I f only you werehere.

Wish / If only + same noun/pronoun as subject + could:
I cant fly = I wish / I f only I could fly.

Wish / If only + different noun/pronoun from subject + would:
You dont tidy your room, but I want you to tidy it = I wish you would tidy your room.

Reference to past time:
Wish / If only + noun/pronoun + past perfect:
I didnt go to university. Now I have a badly-paid job = I wish / I f only I had gone to university.



EXERCISE 66
Underline the correct alternative.
1. Im sunburnt. I wish I hadnt sunbathed / didnt sunbathe so long.
2. I dont feel well. I wish I could stay / stayed at home tomorrow.
3. Im not a good swimmer. If only I could swim / would swim.
4. I wish I had / have a dog.
5. I wish I could see / saw you tomorrow, but I have no time.
6. I wish Jim didnt sit / wouldnt sit next to me. He talks so much.
7. If only we had / would have some money. We could go on holiday.
8. I wish I can / could speak Japanese.

EXERCISE 67
FIRST CONDITIONAL
Complete the First Conditional questions.
1. Perhaps it will rain. What (we/do) _______________________ if it rains?
2. Its possible Richard will lose his job. What _______________________ if he loses his job?
3. Its possible there wont be any time. What will I do if _______________________ any time?
4. Perhaps Sam will miss his train. What _______________________ if he misses his train?
5. Its possible you will get lost in the woods. What will you do if _______________________ in
the woods?

EXERCISE 68
SECOND CONDITIONAL
37
Choose the correct answer
1. If we didnt /dont have to work, wed travel around the world.
2. If you took/take more exercise youd be fitter.
3. Id help/Ill help you if I had more time.
4. If I am / were you, Id forget all about it.
5. If I win /won the lottery, Id give all the money to charity.


IES p. 99-100
EXERCISE 69
Match the situations with the appropriate advice
1. Im really tired a) If I were you, Id phone the
police.
2. I have no money. b) If I were you, Id
study all night.
3. I was rude to my boss. c) If I were you, Id go to bed
early.
4. I have an exam tomorrow and I havent done any work. d) If I were you, Id apologize.
5. Ive lost my wallet. e) If I were you, Id
look for a job.

IES p. 97-100
EXERCISE 70
CONDITIONALS 1 and 2
Complete the following sentences by putting the verb in brackets in the correct form and
adding ll / will or d / would if necessary.
1. If you give me your address, I _____________ (send) you a postcard.
2. If I had a car, I _____________ (drive) to work.
3. If it _____________ (rain) this evening, Ill cancel the party.
4. I _____________ (come) and get you if you finish early.
5. What would you do if they _____________ (get) married?
6. He _____________ (lend) you the money if he had it.
7. If they _____________ (study) more, they would get better marks.
8. I dont know what I _____________ (do) if I didnt have you!
9. If you won the lottery, what _____________ (you / do)?
10. I _____________ (go) to the beach tomorrow if the weather is nice.

IES p. 104
EXERCISE 71
CONDITIONAL 3
Complete the following sentences using the third conditional
1. I would have phoned you if I _________________ (know) you were ill.
2. If he had gone to university, he _________________ (get) a better job.
3. If you had asked me, I _________________ (help) you.
4. We _________________ (not miss) the start of the film if we had arrived earlier.
5. I wouldnt have gone on holiday if I _________________ (know) what was going to happen.

EXERCISE 72
CONDITIONALS 1, 2, 3
Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
1. If youd done your homework, you (a) wont get in trouble.
38
(b) wouldnt have got in trouble.
(c) wouldnt get in trouble.
2. Ill help him if he (a) would ask me.
(b) will ask me.
(c) asks me.
3. If you do the cooking I (a) would do the washing- up.
(b) do the washing-up.
(c) will do the washing-up.
4. We would have missed the plane if (a) we hadnt taken a taxi.
(b) didnt take a taxi.
(c) dont take a taxi.
5. Its a pity you didnt come skiing with us. (a) You will love it.
(b) You would love it.
(c) You would have loved it.


EXERCISE 73
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences where necessary
1. If it will rain tomorrow, I wont go jogging.
2. If John phones tonight, Ill go out with him, but it depends how I feel when he calls.
3. Im warning you. You will get stomach ache if you will eat too many apples.
4. People would fall off the earth if there is no gravity.
5. Ill walk out if I wont like the concert this evening.
6. I dont like big cities. If I lived in the USA, I hadnt a flat in New York.
7. You never know. If we do the lottery this week, we will become millionaires.
8. If you would come from my country, you would understand what Im saying.
9. Unless you arent careful, youll lose all your money.
10. If Ill see Peter, Ill tell him to phone you.

Future simple: will + infinitive
decision at time of speaking: I forgot to phone Jane. Ill call her now.
offering to do something: Ill help you with those bags Shall I open the door?
promising to do something: Ill write to you when I get there
requesting somebody to do something: Will you open the window, please?
future real events in hypothetical statements: If I get the tickets, Ill phone you

to be going to + infinitive:
Personal intention:
We are going to havea party tomorrow.
Immediate future: Forecast based on something you can see:
Look at the sky. Its going to rain soon.
Careful! You are going to fall.

present continuous: arranged events
He is having lunch with Mary on Friday

Present simple: timetables
The train leaves Mestre at 10.30
The film starts at 20.00

39


EXERCISE 74
Choose the correct answer
1. I think Juventus will win/is winning the match tonight.
2. The phone is ringing. Dont worry. Ill answer / Im going to answer it
3. Im seeing / Ill see the lawyer at nine o clock tomorrow.
4. Be careful! You will crash / are going to crash.
5. Look at the sky. Its going to rain / It will rain.
6. Theres no food in the fridge. Ok. Ill go / Im going to the supermarket.
7. Susans pregnant. Shes going to have / Shell have a baby.
8. What are you going to eat? I think Ill have / Im going to have a steak.
9. Were travelling/ We travel to Munich tomorrow morning.
10.What do you do/ are you doing this weekend?


EXERCISE 75
Underline the correct verb form in the sentences
a) Ive got a headache. Have you? Wait a minute. Ill get you/Im going to get you an aspirin.
b) Its Tonys birthday next week. Is it? I didnt know. Ill send/Im going to send him a card.
c) Why are you putting on your coat? Because Ill take/Im going to take the dog for a walk.
d) Are you and Alan still going out together? Oh, yes. Well get married/Were going to get
married next year.
e) A telephone conversation: Would you like to go out for a drink tonight? Im going to
watch/Ill watch the football on television. Oh! I didnt know it was on. Come and watch it
with me! OK. Ill come/Im going to come round at about 7.30.
f) Did you phone Peter about tonight? No, I forgot. Ill do/Im going to do it now. Whats his
number?

EXERCISE 76
Tick the correct response.
a) Have you booked your holiday?
Yes, we have. Were going to Italy.
Yes, we have. Well go to Italy.
b) Have you got toothache again?
Yes, its terrible. But I see the dentist this afternoon.
Yes, its terrible. But Im seeing the dentist this afternoon.
c) What a beautiful day! Not a cloud in the sky!
Ah, but the weather forecast says its raining
Ah, but the weather forecast says its going to rain.
d) I thought you had a fax machine.
Yes, thats right. Its being delivered tomorrow.
Yes, thats right. It will be delivered tomorrow.
e) Please dont tell anyone. Its a secret.
Dont worry. We wont tell anybody.
Dont worry. Were not telling anybody.
f) I havent got enough money to pay for my ticket.
Its OK. Im going to lend you some.
Its OK. Ill lend you some.
g) You two look really shocked. Whats the matter?
Weve just learnt that well have twins.
40
Weve just learnt that were going to have twins.
h) Can you meet me after work?
Id love to, but Johns taking me out tonight.
Id love to, but Johnll take me out tonight.

RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative pronouns and adverbs are used in relative clauses to join sentences together to avoid
repetition.
Relative pronouns
relative pronoun Use Example
Who subject/object pronoun -people The man who gave you a lift
Which subject/object pronoun -things The book which is on the table
Whose possession people + things The man whose wife is a writer
Whom object pronoun people
(formal)
The woman to whomI wrote
That subject/object pronoun people
+ things (only in restrictive
relative clauses)
The picture that hangs on the
wall
The girl that I met yesterday

Relative adverbs
relative adverb Use Example
When Time expression The year when we got married
Where Place The house wherehe lived
Why Reason The reason why he left

EXERCISE 77
Complete the sentences using the information in brackets and who or which
(1) (A dog bit me. It belonged to Mrs Jones).
The dog ________________________ belonged to Mrs. Jones.
(2) (A woman wrote to me. She wanted my advice.)
The woman ____________________________________ wanted my advice.
(3) (A bus crashed. It was 23 years old.)
The bus _____________________________ was 23 years old.
(4) (Ann talked to a man. He had won a lot of money.)
Ann talked to the man ______________________________________ .
(5) (Mary was staying with her friend. He has a big house in Scotland.)
Mary was staying with her friend _______________________________ .

EXERCISE 78
Complete the sentences using the information in brackets and that
(1) (I read about a new computer. I had seen it on TV.)
I read about the new computer
(2) (Jane made a cake. Nobody liked it.)
Nobody liked the cake
(3) (Mary sent me a letter. It was very funny.)
The letter ..
(4) (My sister wrote an article. The newspaper is going to publish it.)
The newspaper is going to publish the article
(5) (I met an old lady. She was 103 years old)
The old lady .

41
EXERCISE 79
Put in who or that only if necessary.
(1) The match ______ we saw was boring.
(2) Did I tell you about the people _____ live next door?
(3) The horse _____ won the race belongs to an Irish woman.
(4) I love the ice-cream _____ they sell in that shop.
(5) The book _____ Im reading is about jazz.
(6) The woman _____ came to see us was selling magazines.
(7) Well go to a restaurant _____ has a childrens menu.
(8) The factory _____ closed last week had been there for 70 years.

Non-defining relative clauses
EXERCISE 80
From the notes, make one sentence. Use who or which with the words in brackets.
a. Football. (It first started in Britain.) It is now popular in many countries.
Football, ..
b. Margaret Thatcher. (She was the Prime Minister of Britain for 11 years.) She studied science at
university.
..
c. Michelangelo. (He lived until he was 90). He is one of Italys greatest artists.
..
d. The Nile. (It runs through several countries.) It is the longest river in Africa.
..
e. Gandhi. (He was born in 1869). He became Indias nationalist leader.
..
42
PROGRESS TEST 4

1. You ______________ listen to what I say, you never do. [U8 p137]
/ will / won't / shall /
2. When I ______________ home this evening, I'm going to have a bath. [U6 p97]
/ get / will get / got /
3. Be careful! You ______________ spill your coffee on the carpet. [U6 p111]
/ about to / are going to / -- /
4. Even if he arrives, it ______________ too late. U6 p97]
/ is / would be / will be /
5. If he ______________ harder, he would pass the exam. [U6 p99]
/ would study / studies / studied /
6. What would you ______________ if you had been there? [U6 p104]
/ do / have done / had done /
7. I wish I ______________ to go so soon. U6 p100]
/ didn't have / don't have / hadn't /
8. We stayed at the Palace Hotel, ______________. [U10 p150]
/ which John recommended / that John recommended / John recommended /
9. That woman ______________ didn't know about the fire. [U10 p152]
/ I spoke to / which I spoke to / to which I spoke /
10. People ______________ to see the painting can visit the National Gallery. [U10 p153]
/ wish / wishing / to wish /

Mistakes
1. The phone's ringing - I answer it. [U6 p110]
2. That's the man who wife has become a judge. [U10 p150]
3. Shall he go to the party?. [U6 p110]
4. If I have known about this sooner, I could have helped. [U6 p104]
5. Don't move until I will say so. [U6 p97]
6. The room which I stayed was very comfortable. [U10 p152]
7. If I had been you, I would ask Mary. [U6 p99]
8. Unless you practice more, you will pass your driving test. [U6 p97]
9. The objects stealing from the room were of little value. [U10 p153]
10. To who are you talking?
[U10 p152]


43

UNIT FIVE: Verb patterns, verbs + infinitive form, passive, reported speech, question forms,
negative and short answers; indirect questions, compound adjectives

The infinitive form is used:
after adjectives: English is difficult to learn
In the infinitive of purpose:
He went to the shops to buy some food.


The infinitive form is also used after the following verbs:


advise
aim
allowed
arrange
ask
attempt
be
begin
care
choose
continue
decide
expect
fail
forget
hope
manage
*mean
offer
plan
prefer
proceed
promise
refuse
*remember
say
start
*stop
threaten
*try
want
wish


*Can have both infinitive and ing form with different meanings:
Compare:
a) I remember seeing the Queen when I was young
b) Remember to lock the door when you go out
a) I stopped seeing my friend as we had quarrelled
b) I stopped to visit my friend on the way back from Venice
a) I tried taking an aspirin for my headache
b) I tried to lift up the heavy box
a) I didnt mean to hurt you
b) Going to university means studying a lot
a) I suggest you go to the library tomorrow
b) He suggested having a picnic



Verbs + bare infinitive
make
let
dare
help
suggest
rather


Verbs followed by the + -ing form
44
After prepositions
He is thinking of going on holiday
After the verbs below:



appreciate
avoid
consider
delay
admit
deny
escape
excuse
finish
imagine
practice
waste (time)
complete
resist
risk
spend(time)
suggest
tolerate

dislike
enjoy
like
hate
detest
love
mind

45
IES p. 116-123
EXERCISE 81
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb
1. I want _________________ (go) to bed early tonight.
2. He loves _________________ (ski). He goes to the mountains every weekend.
3. Mark is excellent at _________________ (learn) languages. He can speak five!
4. They enjoy _________________ (listen) to classical music.
5. It was getting dark when we finished_________________ (pack).
6. She refused _________________ (help) me. I was really upset.
7. The shop didnt mind _________________ (change) the jumper. They just needed the receipt.
8. Some people find English really difficult _________________ (learn).
9. Tom decided _________________ (study) economics.
10. They had an argument and stopped _________________ (talk) to each other.

EXERCISE 82
Complete the sentences with the infinitive or ing form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Im looking forward to _________ (see) you soon.
2. They want _________ (go) to the mountains for Christmas
3. But Id like _________ (stay) at home
4. Were thinking of _________ (move) to the country.
5. She loves _________ (swim). She goes swimming three times a week.

EXERCISE 83
Read the letter and underline the correct verb form.
Dear Dennis,
We just wanted a) say/to say/saying thank you for putting us up before we caught the plane last
week. It was a lovely evening, and we enjoyed b) meeting/to meet/meet your friends, Pete and
Sarah. We managed c) get/getting/to get to the airport with plenty of time to spare. We even tried d)
getting/to get/ get an earlier flight, but it wasnt possible.
We had a wonderful holiday in Spain. We just loved e) driving/to drive/drive through the
countryside, and we often stopped f) walk/walking/to walk round a mountain village. We met our
friends, Bill and Sue, and they invited us g) having/to have/have a meal with them. They wanted h)
that we stay/us to stay/we to stay with them, but we couldnt as we had already booked a hotel.
The weather was fantastic. The sun didnt stop i) shining/to shine/shine all the time we were there.
Leaving Spain was very sad. It made me j) want to /wanting/to want cry.
Anyway, were looking forward to hearing from you, and hope k) see/to see/seeing you soon. Let us
l) to know/knowing/know if youre ever in the area.
You must call in!
Best wishes,
Sandra.


IES p. 113-115
REPORTED SPEECH
When reporting what somebody says, unless we report the speech on the same day, we go back a
tense. Always check pronouns, place and time expressions and tenses and aspect.
Direct speech Reported speech
Present simple Past simple
Present progressive Past progressive
Past simple +progressive Past perfect simple + progressive
Present perfect simple +progressive Past perfect simple + progressive
46
Past perfect simple + progressive No change
Future is / are going to Was/ were going to
Future will Would
Conditional 1 Conditional 2
Conditional 2+3 No change
Yesterday The day before
Tomorrow The next day, the following day, the day after

Reporting statements:
I speak French = She said that she spoke French.
I am going to University = He said that he was going to University.

Reporting questions:
Why do you smoke? = He asked me why I smoked.
Do you like beer? = He asked me if / whether I liked beer.

Requests:
John, sit down, please. = She told John to sit down.
Do not touch the fire. = She told them not to touch the fire.



EXERCISE 84
Are the following sentences about changes in reported speech True (T) or False (F)?
1. Tenses change when the main verb is in the past tense.
2. Some verbs do not change.
3. Words such as time expressions never change.
4. Auxiliary verbs remain unchanged.
5. The word order of a reported question remains unchanged.
6. Punctuation changes.
7. Yes / No questions are reported using if or whether.

EXERCISE 85
Report the following statements.
1. Im going to the station.
She said ____________________________________________
2. Weve got some wine in the fridge.
They said they ____________________________________________
3. Ill be late.
He said ____________________________________________
4. I saw him yesterday.
She said she ____________________________________________
5. I havent known him long.
She said she ____________________________________________

EXERCISE 86
Report the questions.
1. Which school did you go to?
She wanted to know ____________________________________________
2. Have you seen the news today?
I asked him ____________________________________________
47
3. How long are you staying here?
She asked him ____________________________________________
4. Have we met before?
He asked me ____________________________________________


EXERCISE 87
Choose the correct answer.
1. a) He wanted to know what my name was.
b) He wanted to know what was my name.
c) He wanted to know what my name.

2. a) She asked me how was I.
b) She asked me how I was.
c) She asked me how am I.

3. a) He said he has already spoken to the manager.
b) He said he had already spoken to the manager.
c) He said he already speaks to the manager.

4. a) She told me that she didnt eat for several days.
b) She told me that she not eat for several days.
c) She told me that she hadnt eaten for several days.

5. a) He asked whether I have talked to the doctor while I was in hospital.
b) He asked whether I had talked to the doctor while I was in hospital.
c) He asked whether had I talked to the doctor while I was in hospital.
48
IES p.115
EXERCISE 88

Indirect questions
Complete the following sentences.
1. Could you tell me / when does the train leave?

2. Do you know / where is the museum?

3. Do you think / will there be a lot of people at the party?

4. I wonder / what time will they be home?

5. Could you tell me / what is the time?

TENSES: PASSIVE VOICE

PRESENT:
simple progressive perfect
The room is cleaned The room is being
cleaned
The room has been
cleaned

The documents are usually created in Word format.
The article is being written at the moment.
He has been told that he will get a promotion.

PAST:
simple progressive perfect
The room was cleaned It was being cleaned It had been cleaned
They were cleaned They were being
cleaned


The letter was sent yesterday.
The windows were being cleaned when I arrived home.
The rubbish had already been taken away before 7 oclock this morning.


FUTURE:
simple Perfect
The room will be
cleaned
The room will have
been cleaned

That man will be arrested if he drinks and drives!
The exhibition will have been visited by 500,000 people by the end of the year.

IES p. 146-149
EXERCISE 89
Rewrite the following sentences in the passive. Pay careful attention to the verb tense.
1. We clean the house every day.

2. Someone has given them a lot of money.
49

3. The police arrested over twenty people at the demonstration.

4. They are translating the book into German at the moment.

5. We export these computers to sixty different countries.

6. They are going to post the letters tomorrow.

7. They had mended the windows.

8. She is cleaning the room now.

9. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

10. The police have found the little boy who went missing yesterday.

EXERCISE 90
Rewrite the active sentences in the passive.
1. Someone sells tickets at the box office.

2. People built Stonehenge thousands of years ago.

3. Someone has serviced my car.

4. They opened three new hospitals last year.

EXERCISE 91
Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.
1. The hotel _______________________ (sell) next year.
2. Chewing gum _______________________ (make) for more than a century.
3. The first Harry Potter book _______________________ (publish) in 1997.
4. Whisky _______________________ (produce) in England its Scottish.
5. The road _______________________ (close) for three days next month.

EXERCISE 92
Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of one of the verbs in the box.

discover make steal invent build paint write give invite employ

1. Around $50,000 _______________________ from a bank in London yesterday.
2. The first train _______________________ by George Stevenson in the mid 19
th
century.
3. In China red envelopes full of money _______________________ to children at New Year.
4. X-rays _____________ accidentally _______________ by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1896.
5. Hundreds of new homes _______________________ since March.
6. Next year 3 million mobile phones _______________________ in Finland.
7. Do you think we _______________________ to Helens wedding?
8. Many people in Scotland _______________________ in the whisky industry.
9. Romeo and Juliet _______________________ by William Shakespeare.
10. La Giocanda _______________________ by Leonardo.

50
EXERCISE 93
Rewrite the sentences using a form of the passive
1. People will eat six million hamburgers this year.
Six million hamburgers
2. They cancelled the football match because of heavy rain.
The football match
3. A man told us not to walk on the grass.
We
4. How do people use chopsticks?
How
5. Someone cleans the kitchen every morning.
The kitchen .
6. The police arrested the escaped prisoner last night.
The escaped ..

Auxiliaries in tenses:
simple (do), progressive (be), perfect (have).

The simple auxiliary do is followed by a verb in the infinitive form in the interrogative and
negative form of the verb, but not in the affirmative form:

Do they like coffee? They didnt go to school yesterday.
They like coffee. They went to school on Monday.

The progressive auxiliary be is followed by a verb in the progressive ing form in the
interrogative, negative and affirmative form of the verb:

He is listening. He isnt listening. I s he listening?
They weresinging. They werent singing. Werethey singing?

The perfect auxiliary is followed by the past participle form of the verb, regular ed or irregular.

He has taken some photos. He hasnt taken any photos. Has he taken any photos?
They had robbed the bank. They hadnt robbed the bank. Had they robbed the bank?

Other functions of auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs can be used:

in short answers: Is he Italian? Yes, he is. Can he swim? No, he cant.
agreements and disagreements with statements: London is very expensive. Yes, it is. This film is
terrible. No, it isnt.
additions to affirmative statements: so + auxiliary verb + subject
She is English and so am I. He likes music and so do I.
question tags: after affirmative statements a negative interrogative is used:
He is coming, isnt he?
She went there, didnt she?
51
Some colloquial exceptions are: Im early, arent I? Lets eat, shall we?
After negative statements a normal interrogative is used:
They didnt go there, did they?
He hasnt come, has he?
He never arrives on time, does he?
Affirmative additions to negative statements:
He doesnt like Bach, but I do.
They didnt go there, but I did.




IES p. 17-18
EXERCISE 94
Complete the following sentences with one of the words from the box below.

made did have (2x) are
would had are do can

1. Who ______________ that noise?
2. ______________ you swim?
3. What ______________ you do?
4. What ______________ you going to do this weekend?
5. ______________ you finished dinner when they arrived, or were you still eating?
6. What ______________ you do if you found a thousand euros?
7. Where ______________ Skoda cars made?
8. ______________ you got any children?
9. How long ______________ you been living in Venice?
10. Who ______________ you go to the cinema with?

IES, p. 129
EXERCISE 95
NEGATIVE AND SHORT ANSWERS
Complete the following with the correct short answer.
1. Tom speaks German, but Michael ______________.
2. Sally can ski, but Tina ______________.
3. Ive got a cat, but Mary ______________.
4. Hes been to New York, but the children ______________.
5. Susan would help you, but Helen ______________.
6. Stephen isnt studying hard, but Tom ______________.
7. I didnt watch the news this morning, but my husband ______________.
8. We dont like Chinese food, but our friends ______________.
9. Tom will come tomorrow, but Michael ______________.
10. She had a lovely holiday, but I ______________.

EXERCISE 96
Question tags. Add the correct question tag in the sentences below.
52
1. Tom has been helping you, _________________?
2. You dont eat meat, _________________?
3. Ann was sleeping, _________________?
4. I missed a good party, _________________?
5. We are going to miss the train, _______________?
6. Im late, _________________?
7. You werent sleeping, _________________?
8. He will come and help, _________________?
9. Mark walks to work, _________________?
10. Sally doesnt like classical music, _________________?

EXERCISE 97
Compound adjectives. Rewrite the following sentences using a compound adjective.
1. My daughter is four years old.
I have a ___________________________________________________ .
2. The film lasts 90 minutes.
Its a ___________________________________________________.
3. His yacht was twenty-five metres long.
He has a ___________________________________________________
4. The building is 150 years old.
Its a ___________________________________________________.
5. The lesson lasts two hours.
It was a ___________________________________________________.

53
IES p. 123-124
PHRASAL VERBS
EXERCISE 98
LOOK UP / AFTER / FOR / OUT /FORWARD TO
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs in the box
below.

look up look after look for look out
look forward to

1. I ____________________________ seeing you next week. I havent seen you for ages.
2. If you dont know the meaning of a word, you must __________ it __________.
3. Im __________ my keys. Have you seen them anywhere?
4. __________ ! Youre going to hit the car in front.
5. Nurses __________ the sick.

EXERCISE 99

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs in the box
below.

take after take off put up with
bring up put off

1. I dont know how she manages to _______________________ his terrible behaviour. He is so
rude!
2. He really _______________________ his father, doesnt he. They are both lawyers and love the
same sports.
3. You shouldnt _______________________ going to the dentist any longer. Phone him
immediately.
4. The children live in New York now but they were _______________________ in Florida I think.
5. Did the plane _______________________ on time? They said there might be delays.

EXERCISE 100
Separable or inseparable? Tick the correct sentence.

1. Lets listen to the news on the television.
a) Turn it on.
b) Turn on it.

2. The music is too loud.
a) Turn down it.
b) Turn it down.

3. Thank you for offering to look after our dog.
a) You will look after it, wont you?
b) You will look it after, wont you?

4. Thats a lovely coat.
a) Can I try it on?
b) Can I try on it?
54

5. Tourists are terrible. They leave all their rubbish on the floor.
a) I wish they would pick up it.
b) I wish they would pick it up.

IES p. 161-167
EXERCISE 101
VERB + PREPOSITION
Choose the correct preposition to complete the following sentences

on for with in to after about
of at

1. Im really worried _________ the exam tomorrow.
2. You arent listening _________ me. What are you thinking _________?
3. Who were you talking _________ on the phone yesterday?
4. Im sorry but I really dont agree _________ you.
5. Im really looking forward _________ going skiing this weekend.
6. I get ________ really well with my brother. We never argue.
7. He was born _________ 04. 04. 1944!
8. Shall we meet _________ eight o clock?
9. I dont know if well go to the beach tomorrow. It depends _________ the weather.
10. Hes not interested _________ anything I say.

55
PROGRESS TEST 5

1. We would really like ______________ you. [U7 p117]
/ seeing / see / to see /
2. They made me ______________ all day yesterday. [U7 p116]
/ work / to work / working /
3. She is ______________ the Channel when she was twenty. [U9 p147]
/ thought to swim / thought to have swum / thought to be swimming /
4. We ______________ stay at home than go for a walk. U7 p116]
/ would rather / did rather / had rather /
5. They went to the manager ______________ about their low salary. [U7 p119]
/ to protest / for protest / for to protest /
6. A lot of accidents ______________ by careless driving. [U9 p146]
/ are causing / are caused / caused /
7. I've tried ______________ my plants, but they still keep dying. [U7 p122]
/ to water / watering / water /
8. He asked me ______________. U6 p115]
/ what was my name / what my name was / how was my name /
9. I spend my weekends looking ______________ my little niece. [U7 p123]
/ for / after / about /
10. The lights are still on - turn ______________ ! U7 p123]
/ off them / it off / them off /
11. Who ______________ the window? [U1 p17]
/ did break / broke / has broke /
12. He's got a wonderful life, ______________ ? [U1 p19]
/ hasn't he / has he / doesn't he /


Mistakes
1. He told me don't use the phone. U6 p116]
2. I wonder what did he want. [U6 p115]
3. I look forward to hear from you. U7 p121]
4. She suggested me to buy a car. U7 p124]
5. The teacher made the students to do the exercise twice. 6 p116]
6. Tom doesn't mind to work irregular hours. [U7 p121]
7. She is believed to write her second novel now. U9 p147]
8. He was killed by a knife. U9 p148]
9. He stopped to smoke ten years ago. [U7 p122]
10. They had to look for their father when he was ill. [U7
p123]
56
APPENDIX 1: B1 IDONEITA - LEXIS



MAKE, DO and TAKE

MAKE

a mistake
a meal
money
friends
a decision
a noise
progress
a difference
DO

homework
the housework
a subject
a course
the shopping
research
someone a favour
well/badly
something/nothing
TAKE

an exam (also do)
a photo
a break
a decision (also make)
a shower (also have)
a bus/train/plane/ taxi
a seat
periods of time (time you need
to do something: it takes me 20
minutes to get to work
time off

A. Underline the correct verb(s) in italics. Be careful: in some sentences both verbs are
correct.

1. I couldnt do/make my homework last night.
2. When do you take/do your next exam?
3. Did he do/make any mistakes?
4. I dont often make/do the housework.
5. Did you make/take many photos.
6. I think Ive done/made a lot of progress.
7. I want to do/make a course in Japanese.
8. We must take/make a decision soon.
9. He is doing/making research in biology.
10. They did/made a lot of noise during the party.

B. Replace the underlined phrase with a phrase from above using the verb in brackets.

1. I buy my food on Friday mornings. (do)

2. He is definitely improving. (make)

3. Ok, lets stop work and relax for 15 minutes. (take)

4. Could you help me and post this letter for me? (do)

5. Now I have a car it changes things a lot. (make)

6. They both want to become rich. (make)

7. When are they going to decide? (make)

8. Im afraid she failed in both exams. (do)
57

9. Please sit down. (take)

10. I want to have a weeks holiday. (take)

58
GIVE, KEEP BREAK, SEE

GIVE
to give someone a ring
to give someone a hand
to give someone a lift
to give someone a smile


KEEP
Keep + noun/pronoun + adjective: to make something/somebody stay in a particular state
e.g. These gloves will keep your hands warm

Keep + -ing: to do something again and again
e.g. I keep losing my keys


BREAK
to break a record
to break the law
to break the news to someone
to break someones heart


SEE
to see = to understand (e.g., I dont see what the problem is
to see = to find out (e.g. Is that John at the door? Yes, Ill see what he wants.


A. Complete the gaps with the correct form of one of the verbs from above.
1. She _______________ me a big smile when I arrived this morning.
2. He said he was sorry to _______________ us waiting.
3. Thats the second time shes _______________ the record.
4. Before we make a decision, lets _______________ what Mary says.
5. He just came up to me and _______________ me a big hug
6. I dont know what the problem is, but I _______________ getting headaches.
7. I dont know when the next train is due Ill go and _______________ what the timetable says.
8. A: Theres something wrong with this window. B: Yes, I _______________ what you mean.
9. Ill have to _______________ the news when they get here.
10. I dont _______________ the point of spending a lot of money on childrens clothes.

B. Complete the sentences with a suitable adjective or ing form.
1. This umbrella should keep you _______________.
2. I dont know why she keeps _______________ - it wasnt a very funny story.
3. I never drink coffee at night; it keeps me _______________.
4. If you do lots of exercise, itll keep you _______________.
5. Its really stupid but I keep _______________ to lock the door when I go out.

59
LEAVE, CATCH, LET

LEAVE
home/work
school/work/ a husband/ a wife
leave something somewhere
have something left
leave a message
leave somebody alone
CATCH
a bus
a criminal
a cold/the flu
not catch (= not understand)
a ball
someone doing something
LET
let someone do something
let someone know
lets
let me see
let me do something

A. Fill the gaps in these sentences and dialogues with a suitable verb from above.
1. We can walk to the High Street and then _______________ a bus to the station.
2. (on the phone) Im afraid Tom is out. Do you want me to _______________ a message?
3. I asked Mum but she wont _______________ me borrow the car.
4. The teacher _______________ them talking to each other in the exam so they might be in
trouble.
5. A: Im sorry, I didnt _______________ your name. B: Harry.

B. Complete the sentences in bold in the following sentences.
1. Please leave me _______________; Im trying to read the paper.
2. Im sorry, I didnt quite _______________ what you said.
3. If you need any help, just let me _______________.
4. We cant make a cake. We havent got any eggs _______________.
5. I caught a _______________ on holiday and Ive still got it. I feel terrible.
60
GET


GET
receive: I got a couple of letters this morning.
find/buy: I got my tickets for the concert yesterday.
become: It gets very dark in December.
arrive/reach: Ill phone when I get home.
fetch: Wait here while I get the car.



GET + past participle
get married/divorced/engaged
get dressed/undressed
get changed
get lost



GET + adjective
Its getting hot/cold/dark
Its getting better/worse
Im getting hot/cold/tired
Im getting hungry/thirsty/ ready



PHRASES AND PHRASAL VERBS
I get on well with my sister
How are you getting on at school?
Its difficult to get to know people here.
We should get rid of those old videos.
I dont usually get up before 7.
Those children are really getting on my nerves.


A. Write a synonym for get in each of the sentences below.
1. Where can I get something to eat round here?
2. Do they often get here early?
3. I couldnt get a room; all the hotels were booked.
4. Im just going to get some paper from the office.
5. He got very angry when I told him I had lost the book.
6. I normally get around three letters a week.
7. This book is getting quite interesting.
8. He sent the letter last week but I didnt get it until yesterday.
9. I must get some milk before I go home.
10. What time did they get here last night?

B. Rewrite the sentences below using an expression with get. The meaning must stay the
same.
61
1. I had to put on my clothes very quickly.

2. How do you meet people and make friends in a big city?

3. I have a good relationship with my brother.

4. We would like to throw away the old furniture in our house.

5. Someone told me youve changed jobs. Hows it going?

6. My neighbours really annoy me.

7. He was preparing to go out when I phoned.

8. My mother told me to get out of bed.



62
DAILY LIFE: shopping, clothes, house and home, food and drink, transport

Shopping and money
A. Underline the correct answer in the sentences below.
1. I think these trousers are the wrong size/number for you.
2. Sandra wants to buy/to take some new shoes.
3. Thank you, Madam. This is your recipe/receipt.
4. Id like to buy this jacket but it costs a lot of money/cash.
5. I saw some black boots in the window. Can I try/put them on?
6. Im sorry but the shop closes/ends in five minutes.
7. Could I have a small white loaf/bread please?
8. Please name/sign on this line.
9. Could you put these things in a bag/sack please?
10. Excuse me, could you tell me how much this costs/prices?

B. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate word from the box below.

assistant bargain change cheque counter
customer label sale size shoplifter

1. Tim signed a __________________ for 500 but the shop refused to accept it.
2. Mark bought his i-pod cheap in a __________________
3. You gave me 50,00 and the present cost 45,00 so here is 5,00 __________________.
4. Sally left her purse on the __________________ when she paid for the food.
5. The old lady forgot to pay for the blouse and was arrested for being a __________________.
6. I only paid 10,00 for this skirt. It was a real __________________.
7. Helen asked the __________________ to help her choose a dress.
8. These shoes are __________________ 38. Are they big enough?

C. Write the appropriate shop from the box below next to the correct sentence.

bakers bank butchers chemists corner shop market
department store greengrocers newsagent post office

1. You can buy fresh fruit and vegetables here. __________________
2. You can put money in your account, here. __________________
3. You can buy things here from stalls, usually in the open air. __________________
4. You can buy medicine here. __________________
5. You can buy bread and cakes here. __________________
6. You can buy food here without going to the shopping centre. __________________
7. You can stamps, and send letters and parcels here. __________________
8. You can buy magazines, sweets and cigarettes here. __________________
9. You can buy nearly everything here. __________________
10. You can buy meat here. __________________

D. Underline the correct word.

1. Deborah earns/gains/wins more money in her job than I do.
2. The workers are asking for a rise in their income/salary/wages
3. Paul borrowed/lent/loaned some money from me but didnt pay it back.
4. I still debt/owe/own the bank more than 50,000.
63
5. Is it alright if I pay with cheque/by cheque/from cheque?
6. We dont exchange goods unless you still have the bill/cheque/receipt.

E. Complete each expression with an appropriate word from the box below.

loaf box carton packet bunch
tube bar tin

1. a ______________ of biscuits.
2. a ______________ of toothpaste.
3. a ______________ of tomatoes.
4. a ______________ of milk.
5. a ______________ of tissues.
6. a ______________ of chocolate.
7. a ______________ of bananas.
8. a ______________ of bread.

House and home

A. Complete the sentences below with the appropriate word from the box below.

bathroom ceiling door floor garden
kitchen stairs wall window

1. While I was having dinner, someone knocked at the front ________________ .
2. If I stand on a chair I can touch the ________________ in my room.
3. My sons room has a map of the world on one ________________.
4. Could you open the ________________? Its very hot in here.
5. There is a shower in the ________________.
6. We need a carpet to cover the ________________ in the living room.
7. Students in this hostel have a ________________ where they can cook meals.
8. We had to put up some ________________ to reach the bedroom.

B. Match the words in the box below with the correct definition.

block bed-sit bungalow cottage hotel
detached house semi-detached house terraced house

1. A building which contains many flats or offices.
______________________
2. A small house with one floor only. ______________________
3. A house which is not joined to another house.
______________________
4. A house which is joined to a line of other houses. ______________________
5. A small house, often old, in the country.
______________________
6. A building where people pay to stay.
______________________
7. A house which is joined to one other house. ______________________
8. A one room flat
______________________
64

C. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate word from the box below.

carpet curtains cushion drawer pillow
radiator settee socket

1. Is that chair comfortable or would you like a ______________________?
2. Adrian couldnt use his computer as there wasnt a ______________________ in the room.
3. This flat has central heating and theres a ______________________ in every room.
4. I was so tired that I fell asleep as soon as my head touched the ______________________.
5. Could you draw the ______________________? Someone is looking through the window.
6. My bedroom has a fitted ______________________ which covers the whole floor.
7. The knives and forks are in the second ______________________ on the left.
8. Come over here and sit next to me on the ______________________.

TRANSPORT

Different ways of getting around

by bus/car/train/boat/taxi/plane/bike
on foot

you catch a bus/train etc.
or you miss the bus/train etc. (and arrive late )


bus train plane Taxi bicycle Car
driver
drive
fare
get/catch/take
get on/off
journey
bus station
driver
drive
fare
get/catch/take
get on/off
journey
railway station
pilot
fly
air fare
get/take
get on/off
flight/journey
airport
driver
drive
fare
get/take
get in/out of
-
taxi rank
cyclist
ride
-
go on (my)
get on/off
ride
-
driver
drive
-
go in (my)
get in/out
journey
-

Collocations with trains and travelling by train
single/return ticket
fast/slow train

Useful expressions:
Does this train stop in Oxford?
Do I have to change?
When is it due to arrive?

Reasons for being late.
There was a traffic jam .
I missed the bus
The car/train broke down ..
We ran out of petrol .


65
A. Underline the correct word in the following sentences.
1. You mustnt ride/drive a motorbike without a crash helmet in the UK.
2. They left a bit late and lost/missed the bus.
3. She told him to get in/get on the car and fasten his seat belt.
4. The bus fare/ticket is cheaper than the train.
5. We were late so we had to get/catch a taxi.
6. The pilot couldnt drive/fly the plane in such bad weather.


B. Write down two different words that can combine with each of the words below.
1. ________________
fare
________________

2. get on ________________

________________

3. ________________
station
________________

4. ________________
driver
________________

5. get in ________________

________________

area belt crash fine hour jam lane lights
limit park rank station transport works

C. Complete the compound nouns below using an appropriate word from the box above.
1. petrol ________________
2. traffic ________________
3. seat ________________
4. rush ________________
5. car ________________
6. parking ________________
7. traffic ________________
8. speed ________________
9. public ________________
10. pedestrian ________________
11. cycle ________________
12. road ________________
13. taxi ________________
14. car ________________
66
FREE TIME:
Travel and holiday

camper flight attendant driver guide passenger
pilot tourist travel agent hitchhiker waiter

A. Write the correct word next to the appropriate description.
1. Someone who sells holidays or tickets for travelling. ________________
2. Someone who travels on a bus, car, ship or plane. ________________
3. Someone who serves meals and drinks on a plane. ________________
4. Someone who shows a city or place to tourists.
________________
5. Someone who visits other cities or countries for pleasure. ________________
6. Someone who travels by asking people for lifts.
________________
7. Someone who sleeps in a tent.
________________
8. Someone who holds the steering wheel in a car.
________________
9. Someone who serves meals and drinks in a restaurant. ________________
10. Someone who flies a plane.
________________

flight journey trip travel

B. Complete the definitions below with a word from the box above.
1. A ________________ is when you travel from one place to another by car, train, plane, etc.
2. ________________ is normally used as a verb, e.g. I ________________ a lot.
3. A ________________ is when you go somewhere by plane.
4. A ________________ is when you go somewhere, either for a holiday or on business, stay there
and come back again.

C. Underline the appropriate words to complete the passage below.
Most people enjoy going 1. out/forward/abroad/foreign for their holidays, and having the
opportunity to 2. remain/pass/spend/stay in an interesting city or a seaside 3. resort/post/too /one. If
you speak 4. strange/stranger/foreign/foreigner languages, you can make new friends, and 5.
fetch/take/go/get home some interesting 6. memories/souvenirs/memoirs/recollections as presents.
But before you can do that, you have to 7. reach/arrive/go/get your destination, and that is often a
problem! If you fly, then you may find that your flight has been 8. waited/reversed/delayed/booked.
9. Journeys/Travels/Voyages/Passes by train can also be difficult, since trains are often 10.
filling/occupied/overdone/crowded in the summer, and you might have to reserve a 11.
post/chair/seat/position in advance. Whichever way you 12. voyage/travel/trip/tour, you can have
problems with your 13. baggages/luggage/goods/sacks , and it is often difficult to find good 14.
staying/homes/lodges/accommodation. Apart from this, you might not be able to afford the 15.
fare/fair/far/fur.

Different kinds of holiday

skiing camping hiking cruise sightseeing
beach sailing safari

67
Entertainment: cinema and theatre

At the theatre you can see plays e.g. Hamlet, or musicals, e.g. Cats. You usually book (=reserve)
tickets in advance (sometime before you see the play). When you see the play/film, it is called a
performance, e.g. the evening performance starts at 8pm. The people in the theatre are called the
audience

Films are shown on a screen. In Italy lots of films have subtitles (= a written translation at the
bottom of the screen) or are dubbed (= the English is replaced by actors speaking Italian).
The person who makes the film is the director e.g. Stephen Spielberg, and the people in the film
are the actors. Famous actors are often called film stars.

Journalists who write about films and plays are called critics and their articles are called reviews.


A. What word or phrase from above is being defined?

1. A play or film, and part of the story is sung to music.
____________
2. The people who watch a play at the theatre.
____________
3. The person who makes the film.
____________
4. Journalists who write articles about films and plays.
____________
5. The name of the articles they write.
____________
6. The translation of the words of a film across the bottom of the screen.
____________
7. To reserve tickets before the performance.
____________
8. The most important actors in a film.
____________

Different types of film

war film romance thriller disaster movie action film
horror film comedy romantic comedy

B. Are you a cinema expert? Match one of the films above with an appropriate title.

1. Pearl Harbour. ____________
2. Four Weddings and a Funeral. ____________
3. Die Hard. ____________
4. Frankenstein. ____________
5. Silence of the Lambs ____________
6. Basic Instinct. ____________

Types of music

classical music opera rock and pop music jazz
68

C. Are you a music expert? Match one of the types of music above with an appropriate title or
composer.

1. Miles Davis. ____________
2. La Traviata ____________
3. U2 ____________
4. Beethoven. ____________

The Media

Most newspapers are daily. Magazines are weekly or monthly. People often refer to newspapers
as the press.
A newspaper includes: reports, articles, headlines, reviews and adverts.

D. Match the descriptions below with the correct word in the box above.

1. Words and pictures about a product to make people buy it.
____________
2. Pieces of writing about news items.
____________
3. Articles giving opinions about a new film or book, etc.
____________
4 Titles in large letters above the report/article.
____________

E. Complete the gaps with the correct preposition.

1. There was a report ____________ The Times ____________ this new law.
2. Have you read any reviews ____________ his new film?
3. Its an advert ____________ a type of computer, I think.
4. I read it ____________ the paper.
5. High unemployment wont last according ____________ the paper.


Hobbies and Leisure

A. Underline the correct answer.

1. You need a pencil if you want to make a painting/planning/drawing.
2. Susans father thinks skateboarding is danger/dangerous/in danger.
3. Mark has a wonderful stamping/stamp/stamps collection.
4. Does your sister play the violin/violins/a violin?
5. Carol writes pop songs/sings/ singing in her spare time.
6. Henry spends a lot of time playing computers games/games of computer/computer games.
7. Richard often talks to his pet/friendly/hobby goldfish.
8. Do you know how to make/play/game chess?

B. Match each activity/action with the correct place.

1. Sunbathing and wearing swimming costumes. a park
69
2. Watching elephants dancing. a party
3. Doing keep fit exercises a running track
4. Crossing the finishing line. a stage
5. Taking the dog for a walk a funfair
6. Celebrating someones birthday. a circus
7. Riding a ghost train or a big wheel a beach
8. Speaking clearly so the audience can hear. a gym

C. Underline the correct word.

1. Are you interested in/for photography
2. This is my best/favourite book. Its Gone with the Wind.
3. Ive decided to make/join the local swimming club.
4. Susan usually spends/passes most of her time reading.
5. Tim has a very interesting fun/hobby. He builds small boats.
6. What do you like doing in your empty/spare time?
7. Mary is a member/team of the local drama club.
8. Anne likes going to the cinema/cinema.

Sport

D. Underline the correct word.

1. Liverpool managed to beat/win Manchester United last night.
2. At the end of the concert, everyone applauded/exploded.
3. The cycling club is doing/holding a meeting next week.
4. The youth orchestra has acted/performed all over the United States.
5. Im going/doing fishing next week. Would you like to come?
6. The final score was 2-2 so Rovers drew/equalled the game.
7. Did you enjoy/please yourself at the film festival?
8. We were late so we missed/lost the beginning of the film.

Places and people in sport

Pitch is for outdoor ball sports, e.g. football, rugby, hockey; court is for racket sports and indoor
ball sports, e.g. basketball, squash, tennis.
Play for racket and ball sports (e.g. play tennis, volleyball
Do for exercise (e.g. do yoga) and martial arts (e.g. do karate)
Go + verb + -ing (e.g. go swimming, skiing)


captain players coach referee crowd spectator
goalkeeper team umpire

E. Match the people and the definitions

1. the ____________ people who play a sport, e.g. basketball.
2. the ____________ the head of a team.
3. the ____________ the person who controls a football match.
4. the ____________ the person who controls a tennis match.
5. a ____________ the person who trains a team or player.
70
6. a ____________ a person who watches a sport.
7. the ____________ a big group of people who watch a sport.
8. a ____________ people who play a sport together on one side.
9. the ____________ the player who defends the goal, e.g. in football.
71
Work and Study: School and university

university secondary school primary school boarding schools
private school state schools head uniforms
mixed nursery school pupils

A. Complete the text below.

1. ____________ (ages 2-4)
2. ____________ (ages 4-11)
3. ____________ (ages 11-18)
4. ____________ (ages 18+)

In a typical school system in many countries there are two kinds of schools: ____________, which
are run by the government, and ____________. Private schools are often stricter than state schools
and in many of them the ____________ (= schoolchildren) have to wear ____________ .
Both state and private schools are often ____________ (= for boys and girls) or are for boys or girls
only. There are also some schools, usually private, where the pupils sleep at school, which are
called ____________ .The boss of a school is called the ____________ (teacher).

copy explain fail have make lesson
mean practise share take underline

B. Complete the sentences with an appropriate word from the box above.

1. We have to _____________ books because there arent enough for everyone.
2. Dont worry if you _____________ the exam. You can take it again in July.
3. I must remember to _____________ this book back to the library today.
4. During the exam, Jack tried to _____________ Jills work.
5. Some teachers dont _____________ things very clearly.
6. What exactly does this word _____________ ?
7. We didnt have a history _____________ today because our teacher was ill.
8. Its a good idea to _____________ important words with a pencil.
9. If you dont _____________ a foreign language, you soon forget it.
10. I cant _____________ up my mind about the answer to this question.

fill get hand keep look make
pick stand take write

C. Complete the sentences with an appropriate word from the box above.

1. If you dont know the answer, _____________ it up in the back of the book.
2. If you speak so fast I cant _____________ down what you are saying.
3. Stop talking and _____________ on with your work.
4. Harry finds it hard to _____________ with the rest of the maths class.
5. I can see the whiteboard but I cant _____________ out what the words say.
6. Carol had a holiday in Spain and managed to _____________ up some of the language.
7. Could you _____________ in this form please with your personal details?
8. My boss wouldnt let me _____________ time off to visit my parents.
9. Dont forget to check over your work before you _____________ it in.
10. Mrs Smith is going to _____________ in for your teacher while he is away.
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Higher Education

arts science courses subjects
degree do research professors

D. Complete the text below with an appropriate word from the box above.

At university you can do a ____________ in many different ____________ (e.g. law). Some
students prefer to do an ____________ course (e.g. languages) and others prefer a ____________
course (e.g. engineering). In Britain it usually takes three or four years to get a university
____________ . when they finish their course, some people stay at university and ____________ .
The most important teachers at a university are called ____________

Jobs

A. Put the following sentences in the correct chronological order.

He was sacked
He was looking for a job
He got promoted
He decided to apply for it
He earned a good salary
He went to sign the contract
He was unemployed
He sent in his CV and application form
He worked hard and did overtime
He saw an advertisement as a computer programmer
They phoned to say he had got the job

retire company manager employee resign
employer trade union (go on) strike

B. Match the words and the definitions.

1. _____________ someone who pays other people to do work.
2. _____________ someone who is paid to work.
3. _____________ an organisation or group of people who work together in business.
4. _____________ leave your job (because you want to go)
5. _____________ leave your job (because you are old, e. g. 65)
6 _____________ stop work because you want better working conditions
7. _____________ a group of people who represent workers.
8. _____________ someone who controls an organisation.

C. Add more jobs.

lawyer inspector scientist librarian other



73
The World around us: pollution and environment

A. Complete the table below.
noun verb Noun verb
waste protect
pollution destroy
damage survive

B. Match a word on the left with one on the right to form compound words or phrase.

1. peace a. resources
2. civil b. settlement
3. natural c. warming
4. global d. war

Many people believe we are destroying the environment. Cars and factories pollute the air. We
continue to cut down rainforests and increase the dangers of global warming (an increase in
temperature because of increased carbon dioxide around the earth).
How can the planet survive?
We must save/conserve natural resources. We must not waste them.
We must protect animals and plants.
We mustnt throw away bottles and cans. We must recycle the.

C. Read the text above and then complete the definitions with a word or phrase

1. Global warming is an increase in temperature caused by an increase in _____________
2. A disaster is when something _____________
3. A famine is a long period of time when people may die because there isnt enough
_____________.
4. A flood is the result of too much _____________.
5. A drought occurs when there is a long period without _____________
6. A war is a long period of _____________
7. A civil war is a war between two or more groups from _____________
8. To assassinate means to _____________
9. Soldiers are people who fight in an _____________
10. Civilians are people who are not _____________ .

The Weather
Weather conditions
A. Complete the table below

noun adjective Noun adjective
sun Wind
cloudy icy
fog Shower
hot humid

B. Match the words with the appropriate expression

1. light rain a. freezing
2. heavy rain b. to drizzle
74
3. raining for a short period of time c. boiling
4. very very cold d. shower
5. very very hot e. to pour

C. Put the different kinds of wind in the correct order, starting with the weakest.

Hurricane
Strong wind
Breeze
Gale
Wind

D. Complete the gaps with a suitable word.

1. We had really thick ___________ this morning.
2. When its hot, you still get a lovely ___________ off the sea.
3. I hope we dont get any more thunder and ___________.
4. We had a heavy ___________ of rain this morning but it only lasted a few minutes.
5. The hurricane completely ___________ the village.
6. Its quite hot when the sun ___________ out.
7. Whats the ___________ today? It feels much colder than yesterday.
8. They said it was ten degrees below ___________ in New York yesterday.
FEELINGS AND OPINIONS
1. When her car was stolen, Ann was really angry /nervous.
2. Tom felt ashamed / embarrassed when he had to make a speech.
3. I always say thank you. Its important to be gentle / polite.
4. You never help me in the house. You are so lazy / tired.
5. Susan never does anything silly. Shes really sensitive / sensible.
6. The children stayed at home all day and were really bored / annoyed in the evening.
7. He never worries. He is so cheerful / sympathetic.
8. When they heard about the accident they were really damaged / upset.

are fond of fancy fed up with get on my nerves
give up let me down longing for put me off

Replace the expressions in italics with an expression from the box above.
1. Im really looking forward to a holiday.
2. Sally has decided to do without eating meat.
3. I wanted to study chemistry but my teacher discouraged me.
4. Football programmes on the television really annoy me.
5. Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening?
6. Why do you always come home so late? Im tired of it.
7. We like going for walks in the mountains.
8. He agreed to help me but then disappointed me.

PREPOSITIONS


to on of at with for as about


75
A. Complete the sentences below with a preposition from the box.

1. I think youre wrong. I dont agree _________ you.
2. You look worried. What are you thinking _________?
3. Look _________ that painting. Isnt it wonderful?
4. Are you listening _________ me
5. If you have a problem, talk _________someone.
6. We might go to the beach tomorrow. It depends _________ the weather.
7. Wheres the cash desk? Id like to pay _________ this book.
8. My brother works _________ an accountant.

Prepositions for time

in at on - (no preposition)

B. Complete the sentences below with a preposition from the box.

1. What did you do _______________ the weekend?
_______________ Friday evening we went to the cinema. We slept late _______________
Saturday morning and then _______________ the afternoon we went shopping. _______________
seven oclock some friends came round for dinner. We didnt do much _______________ Sunday.
_______________ the evening we just watched television. What about you?
2. Ill phone you _______________ next week _______________ Thursday. Itll probably be
_______________ the afternoon, _______________ about three oclock.
3. I dont see my family much. _______________ Christmas usually and _______________ the
summer holidays.
4. _______________ November 9
th
, 1989, the Berlin was opened.
5. You look tired. What were you doing _______________ night
I was studying. Im having to study a lot _______________ night _______________ the
moment because I have exams.

Adjective + preposition

C. complete the following using of or with

1. You must be fed up _______________ listening to me complaining.
2. Ive always been jealous _______________ people who can sing well.
3. Ive put a lot of work into this project and Im really proud _______________ it.
4. I had toothache but when I went to the dentist he said there was nothing wrong
_______________ my teeth.

D. Complete the following using about or for

1. I feel really sorry _______________ Mary.
2. Are you serious _______________ changing jobs?
3. Were very excited _______________ going to China next month.
4. I think it was Van Gogh who was famous _______________ painting sunflowers, wasnt it?

E. Complete the following using in or to

1. Are you and Mike interested _______________ tennis
76
2. You dont look at all similar _______________ your brother.
3. Whos that man over there dressed _______________ black?
4. Thank you so much. Youve been so kind _______________ me.

Noun + preposition

on to in with by between

F. Complete the sentences below with a preposition from the box.

1. Whats the difference _______________ lend and borrow?
2. Theres been a big change _______________ the weather recently.
3. I think you need to improve your attitude _______________ studying.
4. How much do you spend on going out each week _______________ average?
5. The trouble _______________ my children is they dont listen to me!
6. I cant get access _______________ my on-line banking account.
7. Your brother didnt break your camera _______________ purpose! It was an accident.
8. Congratulations _______________your 50
th
Wedding Anniversary!
9. Be careful what you say to your brother today. Hes _______________ a bad mood.
10. Theres been a big increase _______________ domestic violence in Louisiana.
11. There are no rules for prepositions. You just have to learn them _______________ heart.
12. I dont think theres an alternative _______________ not studying if you want to do well at
school.

Verb + preposition

for on with to of from at in
about

G. Complete the sentences below with a preposition from the box.

1. Why are you arguing ___________ the children _____________ pocket money again?
2. Because they spend their money _____________ such stupid things.
3. I know, but youve got to understand that the money belongs _____________ them.

4. Excuse me, this pen doesnt work. Can I exchange it _____________ another one?
5. So youre a designer? What are you working _____________ at the moment
6. We fell in love _____________ this house the minute we saw it.
7. I dont believe _____________ zodiac signs. In very read my horoscope.
8. How did your boss react _____________ your suggestion?
9. The train arriving _____________ platform 3 is the 17.30 from Bristol.
10. We apologise _____________ the delay.



APPENDIX 2. MORPHOLOGY (SERVIZIO SOCIALE)

Morphology. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Participation of a trained ___________ is advisable when assessing needs (law).
77
2. The _____________ has promised to give more funding for special needs. (to govern).
3. A _________ between the school and family helps the childs progress considerably.
(partner)).
4. Many of those who are ___________ generally come from families with considerable
problems (home).
5. ________ families have lower incomes (poverty).
6. It is a __________ offence to sell goods that are unsafe. (crime)
7. Children find divorce very __________. (trauma)
8. The __________ need to be provided with accommodation. (home)
9. 14. People sleeping on the streets is an example of modern-day __________. (poor)
10. Psychoactive drugs alter a person's __________ and feelings. (to perceive)
11. A ________ environment is essential in childcare. (to support)
12. There may be a ________ in the services offered. (to vary)
13. Lack of psychological counselling can be ________ for children who have suffered abuse.
(harm)
14. One ________ parents frequently experience concerns schooling. (difficult)
15. The teachers noted a clear ________ in the childs behaviour after counselling. (to improve).
16. During ____________ many children suffer from bullying (adolescent).
17. Bullies often ________ in a similar way (behaviour).
18. Bullies frequently __________ their victims verbally. (threat).
19. Not all people think bullies should be ___________ (punishment).
20. One of the characteristics of bullies may be __________ (depressed).
21. She gives the children a great sense of __________ . (secure)
22. I found it hard to overcome the feeling of __________ when my husband died. (to lose)
23. Childrens __________ can be caused by parental conflict. (sad)
24. Divorce can be very __________ for all the people involved. (harm)
25. The __________of the case could have been avoided. (to manage)
26. How parents deal with divorce is of the greatest _________ for their children (important).
27. The ________ that they caused the divorce is a big problem for children (believe).
28. Increased mental ___________ can be a result of divorce (ill).
29. One possible symptom is unexpected __________ (aggressive).
30. Abuse of children wasn't a __________ offence in the nineteenth century. (crime)
31. People who look after minors are called __________. (care)
32. CRISIS is a charity for the __________. (home)
78
33. The magazine has articles about __________ problems. (see)
34- __________ problems are common in teenagers. (behave)
35. Young children need particular _________________. (protect)
36. There is the general _________________ that more needs to be done in the field. (believe)
37. One of the numerous _________________ is that a special committee be appointed.
(suggest)
38. Bullies generally pick on more _________________ children. (vulnerability)
39. _________________ care is an essential aspect of the problem. (parent)
40. ________________ skills are developed during counselling sessions. (parent)
41. One of the initiatives is a _________________ between the local council and the schools.
(partner)
42. One _________________ that is of particular interest is the increase in government funding.
(develop)
43. The centres offer individual _________________ for parents. (counsel)
44 These centres make frequent _________________ to government guidelines. (refer)
45. There has been a significant ___________ in the numbers of those who sleep rough.
(reduce)
46. The Report led to the ___________ of several key factors. (identify)
47. ___________ programmes have proved effective in the fight against the homeless. (resettle)
48. Report ___________ include encouraging increased awareness about the problem in
schools. (recommend)
49. A ___________ family environment is essential. (support)
50. The first Braille magazine has just been __________ . (publication)

79
APPENDIX 3:
MORPHOLOGY KEY
1. lawyer
2. government
3. partnership
4. homeless
5. poor
6. criminal
7. traumatic
8. homeless
9. poverty
10. perception
11. supportive
12. variation
13. harmful
14. difficulty
15. improvement
16. adolescence
17. behave
18. threaten
19. punished
20. depression
21. security
22. loss
23. sadness
24. harmful
25. mismanagement
26. importance
27. belief
28. illness
29. aggressiveness
30. criminal
31. carers
32. homeless
33. sight
34. behavioural
35. protection
36. belief
37. suggestions
38. vulnerable
39. parental
40. parental
41. partnership
42. development
43. counselling
44. reference
45. reduction
46. identification
47. resettlement
48. recommendations
49. supportive
80
50. published

81
APPENDIX 4 GRAMMAR REVISION

Complete the following passage. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Where there is
no verb, fill the space with one appropriate word.

Dear Julie,
I _____ 1. (arrive) in England three days _____(2). I _____ (3) (stay) with a family in a village
near York. Theyre really nice. Mr Jones _____ (4) (work) in New York. Mrs Jones has just had
a baby, so she _____ (5) (not work) at the moment. I _____ (6) (not ask) her what she does yet,
but I _____ (7) (think) shes _____ (8) secretary.
I _____ (9) (have) a good time here, _____ (10) everything is very expensive. Yesterday I
_____ (11) (take) the train _____ (12) to York to do some sightseeing. Something really
embarrassing happened _____ (13) I was there. After I _____ (14) (visit) the Viking museum, I
_____ (15) (decide) to do some shopping. Earlier in the day, I _____ (16) (see) a beautiful
sweater in a department store, so I _____ 17)(go) back _____ (18) (buy) it. The shop assistant
_____ (19) (put) it into a bag when I realized that I _____ (20) (forget) my purse with my credit
cards. So, unfortunately, I couldnt buy _____ (21) after all.
Anyway, after that I went to York Minster. I have never seen such a beautiful cathedral! It
_____ (22) (build) between 1220 and 1470. In 1984 it _____ (23) (strike) by lightning during a
storm, and there was a terrible fire. But theyve rebuilt it since then.
While I _____ (24) (walk) back to the station, I _____ (25) (meet) Frank. Do you remember
him? I havent heard from him _____ (26) over a year. When we last _____ (27) (see) him, he
_____ (28) (work) in a bank. Now he _____ (29) learn English here at the same school as me!
What a coincidence!. Last night we went to _____ (30) cinema together and saw a horror film.
Frank was terrified, but I _____ (31) enjoyed it!
Thats about all the news for now. Write soon and tell me about your holiday in Portugal.
What was Lisbon _____ (32)?
Love,
Claudia
82
Complete the following passage. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Where there is
no verb, fill the space with one appropriate word.

Dear Claudia,
Thanks for you letter. Im pleased (1) _____ (hear) that youre having a good time in York. How is
the English course going? (2) __________ (do) lots of homework? Whats your teacher (3)
________ ? Is he friendly? You (4) _____________ write and tell me more.
I had (5) _____ wonderful time in Japan. My friend, Akiko, invited me (6) _______ (stay) with her
family in Kyoto. Do you remember her? Shes the girl (7) ______ visited me last summer. They
have a house on a hill just outside Kyoto. There was a beautiful (8) ______ of the city from my
bedroom window. Akikos family were incredibly kind and hospitable, and wouldnt (9) ________
(let pay) for anything. We ate out a lot. Japanese (10) _____ is delicious lots of vegetables, fish
and rice. The weather was really nice. It was warm and (11) _____, except on the last day, when it
turned cloudy and hilly. I loved (12) _____ (visit) the temples and gardens the autumn colours
were quite spectacular. I (13) _____ (send) you some photos when Ive had them developed. We
went everywhere by train. I think Japan has (14) _____ best trains in the world. Theyre always
clean and never late!
I (15) _____ ____ learn Japanese customs very quickly. In Japan you (16) ______ (not allow) to
wear your shoes in the house you wear slippers (17) _____ the host provides. And you (18) _____
(allow) to make a loud noise when you drink tea! (In fact, its polite if you do!) I caught a cold
while I was there, but I (19) _______________ blow my nose in public as its considered to be
rude.
Tomorrow my mother and father (20) ______ (come) to stay for a few days. I (21) _____ tidy the
house before they arrive! Tomorrow evening (22) _____ (go) to the theatre, and on Wednesday Ann
has invited us all (23) _____ (go round) for a meal. Apart from that, I havent made any plans
perhaps I (24) ______ (take) them for a drive in the country. Or we could go to Stratford and visit
the house (25) _____ Shakespeare was born.
Anyway, I (26) _____ stop writing now its nearly midnight and Ive got an early start tomorrow.
Write again soon and let me (27) _______ (know) how youre getting on. Give my love to Frank.
Hope (28) _____ (see) you soon!
Love Julie
83
Complete the following passage. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Where there is
no verb, fill the space with one appropriate word.

Dear Paul,
My stay in England is coming to an end. In ten days time I (1) _____ (be) back in Italy. I can
hardly believe that I (2) _____ (be) in Bristol for three months. The time (3) _____ (go) to quickly!
Yesterday I (4) _____ (take) my final exams. As soon as I (5) _____ (get) the results, I (6) _____
(let) you know.
Id really like to have a holiday (7) _____ the course finishes, but I have to go straight back to Italy.
If I (8) _____ (have) more time, I (9) _____ visit Scotland. Unfortunately, I (10) _____ (not see)
much of Britain I (11) _____ even ______ (not be) to London yet!
I really like England. The people are friendly, the countrysides lovely, and the foods actually quite
good. My friend, Pablo, loves it here. He even says he wouldnt (12) ______ living here. But for
me the problem is the weather. I think Id (13) _____ live somewhere warmer and drier. Recently
its been (14) _____ terrible raining every day.
My host family (15) _____ (be) really nice to me. They have looked (16) ______ me very well. I
shall miss them. But Im looking (17) _____ to seeing my family again. My parents were planning
to move to Rome. They might (18) _____ moved already. I (19) _____ (not hear) from them for a
while. My brother (20) _____ (made) redundant, so now he (21) _____ (look for) a new job. It (22)
_____ be very worrying for him and his wife. He says he (23) _____ have to move to another town
where there are more jobs, but hes not sure.
Yesterday I (24) _____ (go) to the cinema with Pablo to see Aliens. Its the fifth time Pablo (25)
_____ (see) it! He (26) _____ really like it. Well, (27) _____ do I, but I wouldnt want to see it that
many times!
I (28) _____ (apply) for lots of jobs recently. Yesterday I (29) _____ (apply) for one with the EU in
Brussels. It (30) _____ be great if I (31) _____ (get) it, but I havent got a very good chance. They
want someone with fluent English and French, and my French isnt very good any more.
Anyway, I havent booked my plane ticket (32) _____, so I must go into town now and do that. See
you next week. Ill give you a ring (33) _____ I arrive home.
Take care. Best wishes,
Alberto
84
Complete the following passage. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Where there is
no verb, fill the space with one appropriate word.

Dear Ann,
Thanks for your letter. It was great (1) _____ (hear) from you. So, what (2) _____ I _______ (do)
recently? Well, my friend, Bev, (3) _____ (stay) with me for the past two weeks. I dont think
youve met Bev, (4) _____ you?
I (5) _____ (know) her since we were at university together. Shes the one that (6) _____ (try) to get
a job in Africa since she (7) ______ (graduate) last year. Without success, Im afraid.
Anyway,, we are having a great time. The weather (8) _____ (be) wonderful for weeks now, so we
(9) _____ (drive) round the countryside. I wonder (10) _____ you are having such good weather in
France. We have visited quite a few of the little villages around Oxford. I didnt know there (11)
_____ (be) so many nice places to see round here. Then, Bev said she (12) _____ never ______ (be)
to Stonehenge, so we went there, too. (13) _____ Saturday, Harry (14) _____ (invite) Bev and me
to dinner. He cooked a lovely meal. But Im a bit worried about him he (15) ____ (drink) two
bottles of wine (16) _____ we were there on Saturday. He said he (17) ______ (be) under a lot of
pressure at work since his promotion. But alcohol wont help, (19) ____ it?
Bev (20) _____ (go back) to London the day (21) _____ tomorrow. Shes asked me (22) _____ go
with her. Id love to, but unfortunately I havent got (23) _____ time. I have more visitors arriving
(24) _____ the end of the week. Ive no (25) _____ when Im next coming to France, but I hope it
wont be too long. Take care.
Love, Mary
85
Complete the following passage. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Where there is
no verb, fill the space with one appropriate word.

Mrs Hay (1) _________ (drive) along a small country road when she (2) _____ (see) a man at the
side of the road. He (3) ____ (wave) and pointing at his car. Mrs Hay (4) _____ (stop) and (5)
_____ (ask) the man if he was all right.
My cars broken down, said the man.
Where do you want (6) _____ (go)? asked Mrs Hay.
London, replied the man.
Well, I (7) _____ (not go) to London, but I (8) ______ (give) you a lift to the station, if you like.
On the way to the station they chatted.
(9) _____ you _____ (work) in London? asked Mrs Hay.
No, I dont. I (10) _____ (run) my own business in Oxford. But today I (11) _____ (have) lunch
with a friend in London we always (12) ______ (have) lunch together on Fridays. I promised (13)
_____ (meet) her at one oclock.
Theres a train at 11.30. I dont think you (14) _____ (be) late for your appointment.
When they arrived at the station, a train (15)_____ (stand) at the platform.
Thats your train, said Mrs Hay.
You (16) _____ (catch) it if youre quick. After the man (17) ______ (get out) of the car, Mrs
Hay (18) _____ (drive away). A few minutes later she realized that she (19) ______ (make) a
mistake: it was the wrong train. She went back to the station, but there train wasnt there: it (20)
______ already ______ (leave). She went to the station and asked at the information desk where the
train was going. Edinburgh, the information clerk told her. Where does it stop next? asked Mrs
Hay. Its the express service, the clerk told her. It doesnt stop until it gets to Edinburgh.